Lady Gaga's music video for "Telephone" references and pays homage to various films, music videos, and pop culture icons through intertextuality, pastiche, and parody. It references Kill Bill through shots that mimic poses and costumes. It references Caged Heat through dances between female prisoners. Styling of Beyoncé's character imitates Ashanti's "Good Good" video and old Hollywood models. Lady Gaga also references her own "Paparazzi" video and pays homage to Michael Jackson through her dance moves. The video parodies and modernizes elements from Pulp Fiction and uses comic book-inspired costumes to reference Wonder Woman and Superwoman.

1. Modernism- Postmodernism
Telephone - Lady Gaga

2. Intertexuality
Here we can see that is lady gaga referencing to
another media text ‘Kill Bill’. By here standing the way
she is and using a low angle shot making her seem
the dominant, the eye patch making the reference
stronger. Instead of a nurse she is a chef.
The film Caged Heat has been referenced at in
the music video especially here when we see
Gaga provocatively dancing with her fellow
female prisoners.
Intertexual referencing another video by featuring
similar fashion statements.
Another Quentin Tarintino film has been referenced her –
‘Jackie Brown’. You could say that there is is a theme of
Quentin Tarintino films referenced and Lady Gaga is being
referenced to Black Mamber, as the hard core killer and
Beyoncé is referenced to Jackie Brown, as more of the
undercover spy, agent.

3. Pastiche
Ashanti video ‘Good, Good’ which was
released 2 years before telephone. Gaga is
imitating something that has originally been
done by a previous artist.
We can see that the character of Beyoncé on this
video has been built up in a way that self
consciously imitates other artists and periods of
time. For example Ashanti ‘Good, Good’ has
created a style that telephone imitates and betty
may and old school model has distinctive styling
that has also been used to create Beyoncé's style
in this video.
We can see that
Gaga has obviously
and intentionally
used the same
vehicle from the
film Kill Bill to
perhaps create a
theme for her video
and imitate the
genre of the film.
Here gaga
references to her
last video
(Paparazzi) by
imitating one of
the outfits used
and re-using it to
create a link

4. Homage
In the video when gaga is seen leaving the
prison after being bailed out we see her do the
famous and iconic Jackson shuffle dressed the
way shown on the left. Due to Michael Jacksons
death being a recent occurrence at the time
this which a form of homage as it it was an
imitation from a respectful standpoint.
This is Lady Gaga using almost identical
typography as the film Jackie brown which is
an imitation of this film. Because they have
used this to show the artists names it is an
imitation from a respectful standpoint as they
are showing the importance of the titles of
each artist and making them a focus point like
they did for Jackie Brown
As we can see gaga has created a super heroine look on
both of the artists here that resembles two popular dc
comic charters (Wonder woman and Superwoman).
See has slightly modernized it but is using it to create a
power statement and using the American flag is also
showing her respectful imitation of the characters and
their origins.

5. Parody
This is form of parody within post
modernism as it is mocking something
in an original way. Such as the convict
costume has been modernized and re-
used to exaggerate the setting in a
modern way.
Another example that gag
has used from a Quentin
Tarintino film. However her
she has taken a shot like the
one below from Pulp fiction
and mocked it in her own
way by enhancing the
brightness, colors and
costumes.
This songs cover
artwork is an
example of a
parody as we
can see it is a
mock in in and
original way of
caged heat
comics seen
below and
Quentin
Tarintino movie
posters.