This document outlines key aspects of Myanmar's Telecommunication Law, including:
1. It defines important terms related to telecommunications such as networks, services, equipment, and licenses.
2. It establishes the objectives of the law as supporting ICT development, allowing private participation, expanding network coverage, and protecting users and providers.
3. It specifies the licensing process and requirements for establishing telecommunications services and operating equipment, including minimum 5-year license periods and obligations of license holders.
This document summarizes Myanmar's Telecommunications Law, which regulates telecommunications services and equipment in the country. Some key points:
- It establishes rules for licensing telecommunications services and equipment. Service licenses are required for network facilities, network services, and application services. Equipment licenses are also required for some telecom equipment.
- Licensees must comply with technical and quality standards set by the regulator. Tariffs must be approved, and licensees cannot engage in anti-competitive behavior.
- The regulator manages spectrum allocation and numbering/addressing plans. It also inspects services and equipment to ensure compliance with the law.
- Rules cover installation and maintenance of network infrastructure, as well as dispute resolution
The document outlines Turkish laws and regulations regarding radio communications. It discusses the No 2813 Radio Laws, Electronic Communication Laws, No 18183 Radio Regulations, and Regulation on the Procedures and Radio. Key points include that users must obtain a radio license to use radio devices, which are valid for 5 years; the Ministry of Transportation and BTİK are responsible for frequency planning and management; and special procedures apply for applications from foreign entities to obtain permission to use radio communications in Turkey.
TRA's 2009 Draft Law for Service Provider Licensing RegulationLauren_ME
This document is a regulation issued by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Lebanon regarding service provider licensing. It defines different types of licenses - individual licenses and class licenses. Individual licenses are limited in number and awarded through a competitive process, while class licenses are unlimited and awarded to any qualified applicant. The regulation establishes the legal basis and purpose for licensing, provides definitions, and outlines the licensing process and requirements for different types of licenses.
This document outlines regulations for providing public voice telecommunications services via Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) in Oman. It establishes that licensed telecommunications providers are permitted to offer VOIP services if they comply with relevant laws and their licenses. It specifies requirements for VOIP service providers, such as verifying subscriber identities, meeting quality of service standards, and providing access to emergency services. It also addresses numbering, interconnection between providers, and other technical standards.
This document is a resolution that amends some provisions of an earlier resolution regulating the registration and use of radio frequencies and equipment in Oman. It makes changes to articles 3, 4, 8, 9 and some tables in the attached regulation. It replaces the text of some articles and tables with new text. It also adds some definitions to article 1 and replaces annexes A, B and C. The changes aim to update the regulations organizing the registration and use of frequencies and radio equipment and their pricing.
This document outlines regulations for local loop unbundling in the telecommunications sector. It defines key terms related to wholesale broadband services and sets rules for: access providers to publish reference access offers; non-discrimination in providing services to other licensees; limitations on communications with subscribers who switch providers; reporting requirements on service provision metrics; and penalties for delays in provisioning wholesale broadband services. The regulations aim to promote competition in the telecommunications sector through local loop unbundling.
Kozak wide scope of administrative discretion justified by features ofMichal
The Polish Supreme Court upheld a decision by the President of the Electronic Communications Office (UKE) that imposed several regulatory obligations on Telekomunikacja Polska SA (TP SA), the dominant operator in Poland's fixed line telephone market. The UKE identified a lack of effective competition and designated TP SA as an undertaking with significant market power. The obligations included providing access to TP SA's network and ensuring non-discriminatory terms. While TP SA argued the obligations were disproportionate and improperly extended to the retail market, the Court found that regulation of the wholesale market was justified and aimed to promote competition in the retail market as well. The Court also rejected claims that the UKE improperly calculated access fees.
MBAN medical body area network - first report and orderKarlos Svoboda
This document from the Federal Communications Commission establishes rules to permit new Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) devices to operate in the 2360-2400 MHz band. It adopts rules allowing secondary, non-interference based MBAN operations under a license-by-rule framework. It also establishes a registration and coordination process for MBAN users in the 2360-2390 MHz portion of the band to address compatibility with incumbent operations. The document proposes criteria for designating a frequency coordinator to manage these registration and coordination activities.
This document summarizes Myanmar's Telecommunications Law, which regulates telecommunications services and equipment in the country. Some key points:
- It establishes rules for licensing telecommunications services and equipment. Service licenses are required for network facilities, network services, and application services. Equipment licenses are also required for some telecom equipment.
- Licensees must comply with technical and quality standards set by the regulator. Tariffs must be approved, and licensees cannot engage in anti-competitive behavior.
- The regulator manages spectrum allocation and numbering/addressing plans. It also inspects services and equipment to ensure compliance with the law.
- Rules cover installation and maintenance of network infrastructure, as well as dispute resolution
The document outlines Turkish laws and regulations regarding radio communications. It discusses the No 2813 Radio Laws, Electronic Communication Laws, No 18183 Radio Regulations, and Regulation on the Procedures and Radio. Key points include that users must obtain a radio license to use radio devices, which are valid for 5 years; the Ministry of Transportation and BTİK are responsible for frequency planning and management; and special procedures apply for applications from foreign entities to obtain permission to use radio communications in Turkey.
TRA's 2009 Draft Law for Service Provider Licensing RegulationLauren_ME
This document is a regulation issued by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Lebanon regarding service provider licensing. It defines different types of licenses - individual licenses and class licenses. Individual licenses are limited in number and awarded through a competitive process, while class licenses are unlimited and awarded to any qualified applicant. The regulation establishes the legal basis and purpose for licensing, provides definitions, and outlines the licensing process and requirements for different types of licenses.
This document outlines regulations for providing public voice telecommunications services via Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) in Oman. It establishes that licensed telecommunications providers are permitted to offer VOIP services if they comply with relevant laws and their licenses. It specifies requirements for VOIP service providers, such as verifying subscriber identities, meeting quality of service standards, and providing access to emergency services. It also addresses numbering, interconnection between providers, and other technical standards.
This document is a resolution that amends some provisions of an earlier resolution regulating the registration and use of radio frequencies and equipment in Oman. It makes changes to articles 3, 4, 8, 9 and some tables in the attached regulation. It replaces the text of some articles and tables with new text. It also adds some definitions to article 1 and replaces annexes A, B and C. The changes aim to update the regulations organizing the registration and use of frequencies and radio equipment and their pricing.
This document outlines regulations for local loop unbundling in the telecommunications sector. It defines key terms related to wholesale broadband services and sets rules for: access providers to publish reference access offers; non-discrimination in providing services to other licensees; limitations on communications with subscribers who switch providers; reporting requirements on service provision metrics; and penalties for delays in provisioning wholesale broadband services. The regulations aim to promote competition in the telecommunications sector through local loop unbundling.
Kozak wide scope of administrative discretion justified by features ofMichal
The Polish Supreme Court upheld a decision by the President of the Electronic Communications Office (UKE) that imposed several regulatory obligations on Telekomunikacja Polska SA (TP SA), the dominant operator in Poland's fixed line telephone market. The UKE identified a lack of effective competition and designated TP SA as an undertaking with significant market power. The obligations included providing access to TP SA's network and ensuring non-discriminatory terms. While TP SA argued the obligations were disproportionate and improperly extended to the retail market, the Court found that regulation of the wholesale market was justified and aimed to promote competition in the retail market as well. The Court also rejected claims that the UKE improperly calculated access fees.
MBAN medical body area network - first report and orderKarlos Svoboda
This document from the Federal Communications Commission establishes rules to permit new Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) devices to operate in the 2360-2400 MHz band. It adopts rules allowing secondary, non-interference based MBAN operations under a license-by-rule framework. It also establishes a registration and coordination process for MBAN users in the 2360-2390 MHz portion of the band to address compatibility with incumbent operations. The document proposes criteria for designating a frequency coordinator to manage these registration and coordination activities.
The document outlines the Sultanate of Oman's universal service policy and implementation strategy as established by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). It defines the scope of universal service to include basic telephony, internet access, broadband services, operator services, emergency services, public call boxes, telecenters, and maritime services. It describes criteria for selecting priority areas for universal service projects, including the presence of institutions, population levels, current lack of services, cost, and commercial viability. The document proposes tendering as the primary mechanism to implement universal service obligations, with a three-stage tender process. It also allows for using license conditions on existing operators and facilitating infrastructure sharing.
35/2012 Issuing Regulation on premium rate servicestraoman
This document outlines regulations for premium rate services in the Kingdom of Bahrain, as issued by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). It defines premium rate services and numbers. It requires premium rate service providers to disclose pricing and terms, include charges in messages, maintain records of complaints for 2 years, and not automatically renew subscriptions without consent. It also reserves the TRA's right to access providers' records and protects subscribers from unexpected charges.
Vietnam has a regulated media sector with strict controls on foreign participation. Foreign investors are permitted to supply foreign TV channels through authorized local agencies for pay TV or satellite TV. They can also participate in certain audiovisual services like film production through joint ventures with up to 51% foreign ownership, subject to licensing. Regulations governing the media sector were amended following Vietnam's WTO accession to allow some foreign investment and channels, but government oversight remains tight, with all content subject to censorship or editing.
This document outlines the rules and conditions for a Class II license to provide additional public telecommunication services in Oman. It includes definitions of key terms, general provisions, license fees and durations, and specific conditions regarding quality of service, customer obligations, tariffs, and more. The license allows the provision of additional services, subject to approval by Oman's telecommunications regulatory authority, and is granted for an initial period of five years, renewable according to regulations.
This document outlines regulations for licensed short message services (SMS) in Oman. It defines SMS as text, audio, or video messages sent directly to beneficiaries for purposes like product promotion, providing information, or notifications. It permits activities like billing, SMS gateway, user systems, and MMS platforms. It also requires licensees to obtain necessary content distribution licenses, inform customers on protecting against misuse, follow laws on professional services and promotions, protect privacy of phone numbers, host servers in Oman, and take responsibility for any damages from defamation or rights violations in messages sent through their SMS services.
This document outlines regulations from the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission regarding the regulation of power supply. It defines key terms like defaulting entity, outstanding dues, and regulating entity. It establishes the procedure for regulating power supply, which includes the regulating entity serving notice to the defaulting entity and load dispatch center. The load dispatch center then prepares an implementation plan for regulating supply. The regulation of supply will be implemented starting the fourth day after notice unless cancelled by the regulating entity.
This document is a license granted by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Oman to Oman Telecommunications Company (Omantel) to install, operate, maintain and exploit a public mobile telecommunications system and provide telecommunications services in Oman for 15 years. It defines key terms, outlines Omantel's authority to connect to other systems, and specifies license fees and royalties. It also covers duration, modification, termination on expiration, and compliance requirements.
124/2010 On the conditions to exempt all who establishtraoman
The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Oman passed Decision No. 124/2010 to exempt providers of mobile telecommunications services on aircraft from obtaining telecommunications licenses, provided they obtain radio licenses from the Authority and meet requirements for the use of radio equipment and frequencies. The decision aims to facilitate the provision of mobile services on flights while still regulating radio usage, and takes effect once published in the official gazette.
Presentation Nairobi 9 September 2013. Joint workshop on spam(law) of African...DeNatrisConsult
On behalf of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs I gave a presentation of Dutch spam law of 2004 and my experience as a spam enforcement officer at OPTA, the Independent Post and Telecommunication Authority.
3G, or third generation mobile telecommunications, supports information transfer rates of at least 200 Kbit/s and provides higher speeds than previous 2G technologies. The two main 3G standards are UMTS, used primarily in Europe and standardized by 3GPP, and CDMA2000, used in North America and South Korea. 3G enabled rapid growth in data traffic such as text and web access through mobile phones, with projections of 50% of total mobile traffic consisting of data within 5 years of its introduction. It also facilitated increased mobile internet and device penetration.
Legislative and jurisprudential developments in the telecommunications sector...Michal
The Telecommunications Law Act1 (in Polish: Prawo Telekomunikacyjne,
hereafter: PT) was subject to a number of amendments in 2011 introduced by
the Amendment Act of 14 April 2011 and the Amendment Act of 16 September
2011 as well as by the separate Act of 30 June 2011 on the implementation of
digital terrestrial television.
In response to the reservations expressed by the European Commission
regarding the compatibility of the way in which regulatory obligations
concerning the setting of wholesale prices are imposed in Poland, the
Amendment Act of 14 April 2011 changed Articles 39 and 40 PT2. The direct
reason for this amendment was set out in a reasoned opinion prepared by the
Commission in October 2010 under Article 258 TFEU3. It was stated therein
that Polish rules regarding the establishment of wholesale prices may give
rise to legal uncertainty and may be discriminatory towards certain telecoms
operators.
IMT refers to mobile systems that provide access to telecommunication services supported by mobile and fixed networks. Spectrum management involves planning spectrum use, allocating spectrum licenses, and ensuring technical efficiency while meeting economic and policy objectives. Key stakeholders include end-users, equipment manufacturers, service providers, and regulatory bodies. Applicable laws and regulations in South Africa governing spectrum management include the Electronic Communications Act and Radio Frequency Spectrum Regulations. The current status of spectrum assignment for IMT and digital television switchover, which frees up spectrum for IMT, is delayed due to legal proceedings and lack of policy directives.
The document outlines Pakistan's Cable TV (Operations) Regulations. Some key points:
- The regulations establish licensing criteria for cable TV operators, including technical competence, financial capability, and majority Pakistani ownership. Licenses are valid for 5 years and may be renewed.
- A Council of Complaints is established to monitor operators, receive public complaints, and recommend actions like fines or license suspension.
- The regulations specify offenses like operating without a license, and penalties including imprisonment up to 6 months and fines up to 1 million rupees. Monitoring officers are authorized to inspect and seize illegal equipment.
PEMRA is responsible for regulating TV and radio in Pakistan and enforcing the Electronic Media Code of Conduct. It has taken actions like issuing notices, warnings, and fines against channels that violate the code by airing inappropriate content. PEMRA also provides training and advice to channels. While PEMRA has shown more proactivity under its new chairman, fully implementing the code remains a challenge, and media organizations need to practice more self-censorship to broadcast responsibly.
The document summarizes key aspects of 4G technology, including its speed capabilities, multiplexing schemes, support for IP, use of intelligent antenna systems, and impact on India. 4G provides data speeds up to 100 Mbps for mobile devices and 1 Gbps for low mobility devices. It uses OFDMA multiplexing and supports IPv6. MIMO antenna technology is employed to achieve spatial multiplexing. The document also discusses India's late adoption of 3G and expectations that 4G will launch in India by late 2013, and the positive impacts 4G could have on government, education, industry, telecom sector, citizens and various organizations in India.
The document summarizes the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2004. The regulations establish guidelines for determining tariffs for electricity generation and transmission in India. Key points include:
1) The regulations establish norms for determining tariffs and come into effect on April 1, 2004 for a period of 5 years.
2) Tariffs will be determined separately for each stage of generation or transmission projects.
3) Guidelines are provided for filing tariff applications, determination of capital costs, operation and maintenance costs, taxes, and other cost recovery elements.
4) Detailed definitions are provided for terms related to thermal power generation.
PEMRA is responsible for regulating TV and radio in Pakistan and enforcing the Electronic Media Code of Conduct. It has taken actions like issuing notices, warnings, and fines against channels that violate the code by airing inappropriate content. PEMRA also provides training and advice to channels. While PEMRA has shown more proactivity under its new chairman, fully implementing the code remains a challenge, and media organizations need to practice more self-censorship to broadcast responsibly.
The document summarizes the role and operations of the Toronto Emergency Communications Group. It provides communications support to the City of Toronto Office of Emergency Management during emergencies. The group recruits and trains amateur radio operators, maintains radio equipment at the EOC, and coordinates communications networks across Ontario. It conducts regular training and exercises, including an annual Field Day event and province-wide Simulated Emergency Test.
The document defines key terms related to telecommunications regulation in Oman. It defines telecommunications, networks, systems, equipment, services, licenses, operators and other important concepts. It also defines the roles of the Minister of Transport and Communications and the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. The purpose is to provide clarity around terminology used in telecommunications laws and regulations in Oman.
This document is a translation of a telecommunications license granted to the Omani-Qatari Telecommunications Company (Nawras) to install and operate fixed public telecommunications systems and provide telecommunications services in Oman. The license contains standard definitions, general provisions regarding fees and obligations, conditions for services, interconnection, quality of service, and more. It grants Nawras the right to provide various telecom services, including basic voice, data, international, and broadband access using fixed and wireless networks, subject to regulations on interconnection, consumer protection, and other industry standards.
The document outlines the Sultanate of Oman's universal service policy and implementation strategy as established by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). It defines the scope of universal service to include basic telephony, internet access, broadband services, operator services, emergency services, public call boxes, telecenters, and maritime services. It describes criteria for selecting priority areas for universal service projects, including the presence of institutions, population levels, current lack of services, cost, and commercial viability. The document proposes tendering as the primary mechanism to implement universal service obligations, with a three-stage tender process. It also allows for using license conditions on existing operators and facilitating infrastructure sharing.
35/2012 Issuing Regulation on premium rate servicestraoman
This document outlines regulations for premium rate services in the Kingdom of Bahrain, as issued by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). It defines premium rate services and numbers. It requires premium rate service providers to disclose pricing and terms, include charges in messages, maintain records of complaints for 2 years, and not automatically renew subscriptions without consent. It also reserves the TRA's right to access providers' records and protects subscribers from unexpected charges.
Vietnam has a regulated media sector with strict controls on foreign participation. Foreign investors are permitted to supply foreign TV channels through authorized local agencies for pay TV or satellite TV. They can also participate in certain audiovisual services like film production through joint ventures with up to 51% foreign ownership, subject to licensing. Regulations governing the media sector were amended following Vietnam's WTO accession to allow some foreign investment and channels, but government oversight remains tight, with all content subject to censorship or editing.
This document outlines the rules and conditions for a Class II license to provide additional public telecommunication services in Oman. It includes definitions of key terms, general provisions, license fees and durations, and specific conditions regarding quality of service, customer obligations, tariffs, and more. The license allows the provision of additional services, subject to approval by Oman's telecommunications regulatory authority, and is granted for an initial period of five years, renewable according to regulations.
This document outlines regulations for licensed short message services (SMS) in Oman. It defines SMS as text, audio, or video messages sent directly to beneficiaries for purposes like product promotion, providing information, or notifications. It permits activities like billing, SMS gateway, user systems, and MMS platforms. It also requires licensees to obtain necessary content distribution licenses, inform customers on protecting against misuse, follow laws on professional services and promotions, protect privacy of phone numbers, host servers in Oman, and take responsibility for any damages from defamation or rights violations in messages sent through their SMS services.
This document outlines regulations from the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission regarding the regulation of power supply. It defines key terms like defaulting entity, outstanding dues, and regulating entity. It establishes the procedure for regulating power supply, which includes the regulating entity serving notice to the defaulting entity and load dispatch center. The load dispatch center then prepares an implementation plan for regulating supply. The regulation of supply will be implemented starting the fourth day after notice unless cancelled by the regulating entity.
This document is a license granted by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Oman to Oman Telecommunications Company (Omantel) to install, operate, maintain and exploit a public mobile telecommunications system and provide telecommunications services in Oman for 15 years. It defines key terms, outlines Omantel's authority to connect to other systems, and specifies license fees and royalties. It also covers duration, modification, termination on expiration, and compliance requirements.
124/2010 On the conditions to exempt all who establishtraoman
The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Oman passed Decision No. 124/2010 to exempt providers of mobile telecommunications services on aircraft from obtaining telecommunications licenses, provided they obtain radio licenses from the Authority and meet requirements for the use of radio equipment and frequencies. The decision aims to facilitate the provision of mobile services on flights while still regulating radio usage, and takes effect once published in the official gazette.
Presentation Nairobi 9 September 2013. Joint workshop on spam(law) of African...DeNatrisConsult
On behalf of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs I gave a presentation of Dutch spam law of 2004 and my experience as a spam enforcement officer at OPTA, the Independent Post and Telecommunication Authority.
3G, or third generation mobile telecommunications, supports information transfer rates of at least 200 Kbit/s and provides higher speeds than previous 2G technologies. The two main 3G standards are UMTS, used primarily in Europe and standardized by 3GPP, and CDMA2000, used in North America and South Korea. 3G enabled rapid growth in data traffic such as text and web access through mobile phones, with projections of 50% of total mobile traffic consisting of data within 5 years of its introduction. It also facilitated increased mobile internet and device penetration.
Legislative and jurisprudential developments in the telecommunications sector...Michal
The Telecommunications Law Act1 (in Polish: Prawo Telekomunikacyjne,
hereafter: PT) was subject to a number of amendments in 2011 introduced by
the Amendment Act of 14 April 2011 and the Amendment Act of 16 September
2011 as well as by the separate Act of 30 June 2011 on the implementation of
digital terrestrial television.
In response to the reservations expressed by the European Commission
regarding the compatibility of the way in which regulatory obligations
concerning the setting of wholesale prices are imposed in Poland, the
Amendment Act of 14 April 2011 changed Articles 39 and 40 PT2. The direct
reason for this amendment was set out in a reasoned opinion prepared by the
Commission in October 2010 under Article 258 TFEU3. It was stated therein
that Polish rules regarding the establishment of wholesale prices may give
rise to legal uncertainty and may be discriminatory towards certain telecoms
operators.
IMT refers to mobile systems that provide access to telecommunication services supported by mobile and fixed networks. Spectrum management involves planning spectrum use, allocating spectrum licenses, and ensuring technical efficiency while meeting economic and policy objectives. Key stakeholders include end-users, equipment manufacturers, service providers, and regulatory bodies. Applicable laws and regulations in South Africa governing spectrum management include the Electronic Communications Act and Radio Frequency Spectrum Regulations. The current status of spectrum assignment for IMT and digital television switchover, which frees up spectrum for IMT, is delayed due to legal proceedings and lack of policy directives.
The document outlines Pakistan's Cable TV (Operations) Regulations. Some key points:
- The regulations establish licensing criteria for cable TV operators, including technical competence, financial capability, and majority Pakistani ownership. Licenses are valid for 5 years and may be renewed.
- A Council of Complaints is established to monitor operators, receive public complaints, and recommend actions like fines or license suspension.
- The regulations specify offenses like operating without a license, and penalties including imprisonment up to 6 months and fines up to 1 million rupees. Monitoring officers are authorized to inspect and seize illegal equipment.
PEMRA is responsible for regulating TV and radio in Pakistan and enforcing the Electronic Media Code of Conduct. It has taken actions like issuing notices, warnings, and fines against channels that violate the code by airing inappropriate content. PEMRA also provides training and advice to channels. While PEMRA has shown more proactivity under its new chairman, fully implementing the code remains a challenge, and media organizations need to practice more self-censorship to broadcast responsibly.
The document summarizes key aspects of 4G technology, including its speed capabilities, multiplexing schemes, support for IP, use of intelligent antenna systems, and impact on India. 4G provides data speeds up to 100 Mbps for mobile devices and 1 Gbps for low mobility devices. It uses OFDMA multiplexing and supports IPv6. MIMO antenna technology is employed to achieve spatial multiplexing. The document also discusses India's late adoption of 3G and expectations that 4G will launch in India by late 2013, and the positive impacts 4G could have on government, education, industry, telecom sector, citizens and various organizations in India.
The document summarizes the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2004. The regulations establish guidelines for determining tariffs for electricity generation and transmission in India. Key points include:
1) The regulations establish norms for determining tariffs and come into effect on April 1, 2004 for a period of 5 years.
2) Tariffs will be determined separately for each stage of generation or transmission projects.
3) Guidelines are provided for filing tariff applications, determination of capital costs, operation and maintenance costs, taxes, and other cost recovery elements.
4) Detailed definitions are provided for terms related to thermal power generation.
PEMRA is responsible for regulating TV and radio in Pakistan and enforcing the Electronic Media Code of Conduct. It has taken actions like issuing notices, warnings, and fines against channels that violate the code by airing inappropriate content. PEMRA also provides training and advice to channels. While PEMRA has shown more proactivity under its new chairman, fully implementing the code remains a challenge, and media organizations need to practice more self-censorship to broadcast responsibly.
The document summarizes the role and operations of the Toronto Emergency Communications Group. It provides communications support to the City of Toronto Office of Emergency Management during emergencies. The group recruits and trains amateur radio operators, maintains radio equipment at the EOC, and coordinates communications networks across Ontario. It conducts regular training and exercises, including an annual Field Day event and province-wide Simulated Emergency Test.
The document defines key terms related to telecommunications regulation in Oman. It defines telecommunications, networks, systems, equipment, services, licenses, operators and other important concepts. It also defines the roles of the Minister of Transport and Communications and the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. The purpose is to provide clarity around terminology used in telecommunications laws and regulations in Oman.
This document is a translation of a telecommunications license granted to the Omani-Qatari Telecommunications Company (Nawras) to install and operate fixed public telecommunications systems and provide telecommunications services in Oman. The license contains standard definitions, general provisions regarding fees and obligations, conditions for services, interconnection, quality of service, and more. It grants Nawras the right to provide various telecom services, including basic voice, data, international, and broadband access using fixed and wireless networks, subject to regulations on interconnection, consumer protection, and other industry standards.
This document defines key terms related to telecommunications regulation in Oman. It establishes the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) as an independent regulatory body. The TRA aims to develop the telecommunications sector, encourage investment and competition, ensure universal access to services, optimize frequency spectrum use, and protect consumers. The Minister of Transport and Communications is responsible for setting telecom policy and representing Oman internationally on telecom issues. Strict limits are placed on surveillance or interception of telecommunications without a court order.
Notification from Thailand's National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) Unofficial English Translation.
Criteria and Procedure for the Licensing of Spectrum for Telecommunications Service in the Frequency Band of 900 MHz
This document outlines regulations for importing and dealing in telecommunications equipment in Oman, including:
- Requirements to register as an importer or dealer with the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority for fees and valid periods of 1-5 years.
- Obtaining import permits for various periods and paying prescribed fees to the Authority. All equipment must be type-approved and meet Authority standards.
- Penalties for non-compliance including fines for unregistered activities, delays in renewals, unauthorized storage or sales, and other violations.
- Tables listing registration fees, type approval fees, permit fees, penalties, and other charges according to the type of equipment and nature of the violation.
8/2008 On dealing in telecommunications activitiestraoman
This document outlines regulations for importers and dealers of telecommunications equipment in Oman, including requirements to register with the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, obtain permits, ensure equipment compatibility, and pay various fees. Failure to comply with the regulations carries penalties such as fines or fees multiplied by three times the normal amount. The document provides tables listing the applicable fees for registration, permits, equipment approval, storage, and penalties.
This document outlines the rules and conditions for a Class II license to provide additional public telecommunication services in Oman. It includes definitions of key terms, the scope of services permitted under the license, general guidelines for licensees, fees and royalty payments, license duration and renewal processes, conditions for modification or termination of the license, and various operational conditions for licensees regarding quality of service, customer obligations, numbering, privacy, billing and more. The license allows providers to offer additional telecom services through basic public fixed or mobile networks, but prohibits the provision of other core services like basic voice, public data or satellite services.
90/2008 Regulating the licensing of Stations and Radio Equipment Operationtraoman
The document outlines regulations for radio station licensing and equipment operation in the Sultanate of Oman, as established by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. It details 20 articles that: 1) assign radio frequency bands and require approval for changes, 2) hold licensees responsible for content and copyright, 3) require stations comply with technical specifications, 4) prohibit changes in location/coverage without approval, 5) allow temporary cessation of licenses for up to 3 years, 6) specify license renewal and amendment/revocation conditions, 7) describe license termination procedures, 8) specify equipment disposal requirements, 9) prohibit third party transmissions except in emergencies, 10) restrict information disclosure, 11) require log books and inspection, 12
An examination of legal regulation and environmentalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the legal regulation of telecommunications installations in Nigeria. It discusses how the Nigerian Communications Commission regulates telecommunications installations, including establishing technical specifications and standards. It also examines guidelines around siting towers and masts, including restrictions on residential areas. The document also discusses environmental requirements and the need for structural certification. It notes there are sometimes conflicts between effectively regulating telecommunications services while also protecting the environment and public health.
An examination of legal regulation and environmentalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the legal regulation of telecommunications installations in Nigeria. It discusses how the Nigerian Communications Commission regulates telecommunications installations, including establishing technical specifications and guidelines for installing masts and towers. It also examines environmental requirements for installations and the roles of regulatory authorities in balancing telecommunications services and environmental protection. The document finds there are statutory overlaps between authorities that have resulted in disagreements, and recommends periodic review of regulations to ensure services are provided without harming public health.
This document outlines draft regulations for local loop unbundling that would require telecommunications providers in the country that have significant market power and offer broadband services to their own subscribers to also offer wholesale broadband services to other licensees. It defines key terms and establishes requirements for non-discrimination, backhaul transmission services, ordering processes, procedures to address unauthorized switching of subscribers, reporting of service statistics, and penalties for failure to meet service delivery timelines. The regulations are intended to facilitate competition in the provision of broadband internet access services.
This document is an act to increase access to modern communications for people with disabilities.
Key points:
- It establishes definitions and requirements for making advanced communications services and equipment accessible to people with disabilities, including internet-based services.
- Manufacturers and service providers must make their equipment and services accessible, through either built-in accessibility features or compatibility with assistive devices/software.
- The FCC is tasked with issuing regulations within one year to implement these accessibility standards.
- It also addresses accessibility requirements for video programming and relay services.
This document outlines the obligations of telecommunications companies regarding communication interceptions by authorities for national security purposes. Companies must collaborate with authorities by facilitating interceptions on their networks and providing subscriber information and infrastructure details. All intercepted data must be kept confidential. The MINTIC is responsible for ensuring companies comply with these provisions set out in law 1341 of 2009.
Chapter XIII: Telecommunications chapterBalo English
This document defines key terms used in Chapter 13 on Telecommunications. It defines terms like commercial mobile services, cost-oriented, end-user, enterprise, essential facilities, interconnection, international mobile roaming service, leased circuit, licence, major supplier, network element, non-discriminatory, number portability, physical co-location, public telecommunications network, public telecommunications service, reference interconnection offer, telecommunications, telecommunications regulatory body, user, and virtual co-location. It also outlines the scope of Chapter 13 and approaches to regulation that parties may take.
This document outlines the application guidelines for a Class II (B) license to provide additional public telecommunication services in Oman. It details the requirements an applicant must fulfill, including educational and technical experience qualifications, payment of fees, and providing business, financial, technical, and support service information to the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) as part of the application. The TRA will make a decision on the application within 2 months and notify the applicant of approval or rejection. If approved, the applicant must pay the license issuance fee.
Guidelines for uplinking from india(net report)Sudesh Kumar
The document provides guidelines for uplinking television channels from India. It outlines three types of licenses that can be obtained: 1) To set up an uplinking hub/teleport facility, 2) To uplink a specific TV channel, and 3) For Indian news agencies to have uplinking facilities. The guidelines describe eligibility criteria, license periods, basic obligations, and application procedures for each license type. Obligations include complying with broadcasting codes and obtaining security clearances.
The cable television networks regulation) act, 1995Leo Lukose
The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 regulates the operation of cable television networks in India. Some key points:
1) It requires all cable operators to register with a registering authority and comply with prescribed program and advertisement codes.
2) Registered cable operators must maintain program registers and transmit at least two Doordarshan channels.
3) Equipment not conforming to standards can be seized, and operators risk confiscation and penalties for non-compliance.
4) The act aims to prevent objectionable content while balancing other media laws, and gives powers to prohibit transmission against public interest.
The cable television networks regulation) act, 1995Leo Lukose
The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 regulates the operation of cable television networks in India. Some key points:
1) It requires all cable operators to register with a registering authority and comply with prescribed program and advertisement codes.
2) Registered cable operators must maintain program registers and transmit at least two Doordarshan channels.
3) Equipment not conforming to standards can be seized, and operators risk confiscation and penalties for non-compliance.
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Myanmar _ The Telecommunication Law
1. 1
The Telecommunication Law
2013 Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 31
The 4th Waxing of Thadingyut 1375 M.E. (8 October 2013)
The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw hereby enacts this Law.
Chapter 1
Title, Application and Definition
1. This law shall be called the Telecommunication Law.
2. The provisions in this Law shall apply to:
(a) any person, department, organization in the boundary of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar's
land, water and atmosphere;
(b) any Myanmar citizen outside the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
3. The following expressions contained in the Law shall have the meanings given hereunder:
(a) Telecommunication means a transmission or reception of information in its original or modified form
by wire, fiber optic cable or any conducting cable, or by means of radio, optical or other forms of
electromagnetic transmission.
(b) Information includes data texts, images, sounds, codes, signs, signals, computer programs,
software, databases and any combination thereof.
(c) Wireless communication means the transmission or reception of information by means of radio, optical,
electromagnetic transmission or any other means without the use of wires, fiber optical cables or any
conducting cable between transmitter and receiver.
(d) Telecommunication network means a network - based on any form of wired or wireless communication
technology, fixed telecommunication services (wired) and internet (wired and wireless) services - of
2. 2
communication facilities, telecommunication equipment, computers, any peripherals used in conjunction
with any or more of the above.
(e) Network boundary means the first equipment socket in a private residence or the main distribution frame
in a building or a point at which a network facility receives communications from or sends communications
to a consumer.
(f) Communication services means network supporting services, network services
and application services, services using data and execution of services for one activity or more than one, out
of the said services activities.
(g) Network facility services means renting of entire or parts of network facilities to a license holder or
providing own services for such network facilities.
(h) Network service means a service aimed at carrying information by any means of communication. This
expression does not include a service provided solely on the customer side of the network boundary.
(i) Application service means a service provided by means of one or more network services. This
expression does not include a service provided solely on the customer side of the network boundary.
(j) Telecommunication equipment includes telephones, fax machines, telex machines, any other
equipment used for communication, peripherals to any of the preceding, telecommunication testing
equipment, any other equipment specified as telecommunication equipment by the Ministry.
(k) Communications market means a market for any communication services or for goods or services used
in conjunction with any of the above.
(l) Content means text, sound, still or moving pictures, or other audio-visual representation, tactile
representation, or any combination of the preceding which is capable of being created, manipulated, stored,
retrieved or communicated electronically.
(m) Network facility means any element or combination of such elements of physical infrastructure
used for the provision of network services;
(n) Frequency band means a continuous frequency range of a spectrum from 3 hertz up to 420 terahertz.
(o) Telecommunication number plan: means the numbering plan for the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
for the use in telecommunication operations.
(p) Electronic addressing plan means the electronic addressing plan for the Republic of the Union of
Myanmar for the use in communication processes among IT systems.
(q) Telecommunication equipment licence means the licence granted pursuant to Chapter 4 for the purpose of
using telecommunication equipment.
(r) Service licence means a service licence, issued under this law, to a person, department or an
organization to establish and provide telecommunication services.
(s) Licence means a licence, issued under this Law to a specified person, department or an organization
to conduct a specified activity and may include conditions to which the conduct of that activity may be
subject.
3. 3
(t) Ministry means the Ministry of Communications, Information and Technology.
(u) Department means the Directorate of Communication under the Ministry of Communications and
Information Technology.
(v) Appellate Tribunal means the appellate tribunal relating to telecommunication formed by the Union
Government to allow appeals if there is dissatisfaction with an order given, or a decision made, by the
Ministry.
Chapter 2
Objectives
4. The objectives of this law are as follows:
(a) to support information and communication technology in order to create a modern, developed
country;
(b) to allow private persons to participate more in the developing communication sector;
(c) to create a communication network covering the whole country in order to provide more
opportunities for the people to communicate and develop the communication sector;
(d) to protect the communication service provider and user according to the laws;
(e) to monitor the communication services, communication network supporting equipment and commu
nication equipment in order to avoid detriment to peace, tranquility and security in the State.
Chapter 3
Licence for the Establishment of Telecommunication Services
5. Any person, department or business organizations, inside the Republic of the Union of Myanmar or from abroad,
willing to provide the following facilities and/or telecommunication services shall apply to the Department for
permission and licence in accordance with the provisions-
(a) Network facility services;
(b) Network services;
(c) Application services.
4. 4
6. The Department shall publicize the selection policies, procedures and regulations for carrying out
telecommunication services.
7. The Department, after giving due regard to the application made in accordance with Section 5, shall scrutinize
the application according to Section 6 and submit its comment to the Ministry.
8. The Ministry may:
(a) Upon receiving the application for a licence under Section 7 from a citizen, grant a licence subject to the
approval of the Union Government for such types of licences requiring approval of the Union
Government, and allow the business by its own decision for such types of licence not requiring the Union
Government's approval.
(b) Upon receiving the application for a licence from a foreigner under Section 7, grant a licence after
having sought the approval of the Union Government.
(c) Give directions to the Department to issue the applicant with a licence, in accordance with sub-
sections (a) and (b), with a period extending from a minimum of five (5) years up to a maximum of
twenty (20) years.
(d) If a service licence holder applies for a permit to operate an international gateway for international
telecommunication connections or networks: allow this activity in accordance with separately specified rules
and regulations after having acquired the approval of the Union Government;
(e) Shall grant the renewal of the license after the Department has scrutinized the application.
9. The Department shall issue a service licence to the person, department or business organizations, inside the Union
of Myanmar or from abroad, together with detailed conditions for respective services, in accordance with the
Ministerial direction made in accordance with Section 8 sub-Section (c).
10. The licence holder may carry out the activity in cooperation with a local or foreign individual or department or
organization according to law.
11. The licence holder may enter into agreements with any other licence holder for the following purposes:
(a) The access to and interconnection of any telecommunication services network facilities and network
services in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 12;.
(b) Sharing of network facilities; and
(c) Such other purposes as may be specified in the service licence.
5. 5
12.
(a) The Licence holder shall file an application for renewal of the licence before its expiry with the
Department in accordance with the conditions set out for this purpose.
(b) The Department, after scrutinizing, shall grant renewal of licence with the approval of the
Ministry.
Chapter 4
Telecommunication Equipment Licence
13. Any person, department or organization willing to possess or use telecommunication equipment for which a
licence is required shall apply to the Department for permission in accordance with the provisions. But it is not
necessary to apply for a telecommunication equipment licence for the following purposes:
(a) a licence holder possesses and uses the telecommunication equipment which is purchased by him.
(b) possessing and using telecommunication equipment which is obtained from a licence holder.
14. The Department:
(a) may issue or refuse to issue the telecommunication equipment licence after careful consideration of
the application made in accordance with the provisions under Section 13.
(b) shall set the terms and conditions attached tothe telecommunication equipment licence as well as the
licence period.
Chapter 5
Obligations of the Licence Holder
6. 6
15. The licence holder:
(a) shall follow the rules, procedures, notifications, orders and directives issued under this law;
(b) shall follow the rules and regulations contained in the licence;
(c) shall pay, according to the prescriptions, the licence fees, licence renewal fees, application fees, service
fees including fees for technology and fees set from time to time;
(d) shall follow the codes of practice and standards of performance or directives of the Ministry and the
Department;
(e) shall make sure not to violate or fail to abide by the terms and conditions of the licence so as not to cause
harm to the State.
16. The licence holder shall:
(a) comply with the radio frequency spectrum plan approved under this law;
(b) submit to the Ministry through the Department an application for permission or a licence in accordance
with the provisions of Chapter 3 of this Law, if he desires to expand his business to include
telecommunication services for which he has not yet been awarded a licence, or to enter into a joint-venture
or consortium with any other licence holder;
(c) follow the instructions to adjust, modify or temporarily stop the licence holder's network, or to suspend the
licence holder's service, in response to a result of an investigation of complaints that the licence
holder's system is causing interference with another telecommunication service or services.
17. The licence holder shall keep the information transmitted or received through his telecommunication service
confidential and shall not disclose such information of any individual user to any third person except for matters
allowed by the existing laws.
18. The communication equipment licence holder shall:
(a) use his own communication equipment at the prescribed location mentioned in the licence;
(b) not ipair state security through his telecommunication equipment licence;
(c) follow the instructions of the Department relating to his communication equipment.
Chapter 6
7. 7
Frequency Spectrum Management and Satellite Orbital Position Management
19. The Ministry shall control and manage the frequency spectrum and satellite orbital position allocated to the
Republic of the Union of Myanmar in accordance with any international telecommunication convention.
20. The Department shall determine a national frequency spectrum plan and may allow individuals, department and
organizations to use the frequency spectrum.
Chapter 7
Telecommunication Numbering Plan and Electronic Addressing Plan
21. The Department shall direct the licence holder to comply with and use the telecommunication numbering
plan and addressing plan approved by the Ministry.
22. The Department may allow a licence holder to use electronic numbers and electronic addresses for
telecommunication services purposes and subject such usage to necessary conditions.
23. The Department shall carry out inspection and monitoring activities to make sure that a license holder uses the
telecommunication numbers and electronic addresses in accordance with Section 21.
Chapter 8
Technical Standards
24. The Department shall determine, subject to approval of the Ministry, technical standards which shall apply
to each facility and/or service under this Law, and make them available to the public.
8. 8
25. The Department shall take necessary measures to ensure that the licence holders shall follow the technical
standards.
26. The Department shall prescribe the standards of network equipment and telecommunication equipment
that are imported or exported.
27. Any person desirous to manufacture, sell or distribute any network or telecommunication
equipment, shall apply to the Department for technical standard approval for manufacturing, selling or distributing in
accordance with the procedures prescribed for this purpose.
28. The Department may issue or refuse to issue a certificate of technical standard approval after scrutinizing
the application.
Chapter 9
Consumer Protection
29.
(a) A licence holder shall submit to the Department a proposed tariff rate scheme for the service being
provided or for any proposed service.
(b) After scrutinizing the Department shall approve the proposed tariff rate scheme with prior approval from
the Ministry.
30. The licence holder shall:
(a) provide services in accordance with the approved tariff rate scheme under Section 39 (b);
(b) acquire the prior approval of the Department for variation or cancelation of the approved tariff rate
scheme.
31.
(a) Subject to the approval of the Ministry, the Department shall determine suitable consumer protection
standards which shall apply to the service licenses.
9. 9
(b) The licence holder shall comply with the consumer protection standards.
Chapter 10
Access and Interconnection
32. The Department shall prescript necessary rules and regulations on any matters relating to access and
interconnection of network facilities.
33. A service licence holder may, where requested by another service licence holder, enter into an agreement with
the requesting licence holder for the access to and interconnection of network facilities and network services. The
agreement shall be made with the approval of the Department.
34. The access and interconnection provided by the a licence holder:
(a) shall be on an equitable and non-discriminatory bases and shall not be of lower technical standard and
quality than the technical standard or quality provided in the licensee's own network facilities or network
services;
(b) shall allow inspection by the Department for quality and compliance with standards.
Chapter 11
Prohibition on Anti-Competitive Practices
35. A licensee shall not engage in any conduct which has the effect of substantially lessening competition in the
telecommunication market.
36. A licence holder shall not enter into any understanding, agreement, arrangement or contract with any person,
department or organization for the following purposes:
10. 10
(a) variation of the rate as will;
(b) Market sharing for the purpose of reducing competition.
(c) forbidding a supplier or vendor of telecommunication equipment [to do business]; (d) embargo of a
competitor by unfair means.
37. A licence holder shall not restrict the ability of a user of his service to acquire telecommunication
equipment and/or services from him or from any other licence holder.
38. The Department may, subject to the approval of the Ministry, direct a licence holder to cease conduct prohibited
under Section 35, 36 and 37 which has or may have the effect of substantially lessening competition in the
telecommunication market.
Chapter 12
Inspection and Supervision
39. The Department:
(a) shall, for the purpose of discharging its functions under this law, manage and supervise in accordance with
the directions of the Ministry;
(b) shall carry out inspection and supervision activities on the provision of services of the licence holders, on
network facilities, as well as on matters relating to telecommunication equipment;
(c) may, in respect of the inspection functions under sub-Section (b), form an inspection team with
suitable persons and delegate the said function.
40. In discharging the functions under this Law: (a) The Department may:
(1) require the presence of or examine any person acquainted with the case; and require to furnish any
necessary information, data, documents and papers.
11. 11
(2) enter and inspect the equipment, buildings and places where any telecommunication service is
being provided.
(3) Inspect, extract and copy the accounts, papers and documents in respect of the telecommunication service;
(4) prescribe the system, to be followed by the license holder, for preparing and storing the facts, figures and
documents of the business.
(b) The Department may delegate the functions under clauses (1), (2) and (3) of sub-section (a) to the
inspecting team formed under sub-Section (c) of Section 39.
Chapter 13
Installation, Maintenance and Repair of Network Facilities
41. For the purpose of installing or connecting network facilities, a licensee may carry out the following activities
at the location, after obtaining the agreement (which includes the prescribed term) with the owner or the authorized
person of the relevant land or building:
(a) enter and do such things as making surveys, making measurements, taking levels and soil samples,
digging pits, and examining the soil for the purpose of inspecting the land for suitability.
(b) lay, place, install and connect necessary network facilities upon and under such land and water for the
purpose connected with the provision of services, and take such other actions as may be necessary to render
such network facilities safe.
(c) enter for inspection; maintain and repair network facilities.
42. If the owner has changed, the licence holder shall acquire prior agreement from the land or building owner to
proceed with the installation and accessing of the network facilities under Section 41.
43. Where a licence holder installs, conducts maintenance, repairs, alters or removes the network facilities, this
shall not cause any obstruction to the public traffic or roads or water traffic or air traffic.
44. A licence holder shall not enter upon any lands without any prior notice to the owner for the purpose of installing
or removing a network facility.
12. 12
45. While installing or maintaining a network facility, the licence holder shall take all necessary precautions to
lessening the damages.
46. Anyone injured, or afflicted by an injury, death or property damage caused during the course of the installation,
maintenance and repair of network facilities, shall be eligible for compensation from the licence holder
according to the prescriptions if there was negligence or an intentional omission on the part of the licence holder.
47. The execution of any work by a license holder under this law which may affect any road, street, railway, river,
canal, or other waterway or any system of irrigation, telecommunications, port facility or any other public or private
facility, the erection of any network facilities on or under the ground shall be carried out in a lawful manner and with
regard to the safety of any person or property.
48. Where the Department considers it necessary that any network service should be provided to any building
whether complete or not, or that the quality of a network service to any building be enhanced, the Department may-
(a) require the developer or owner of the building or land to coordinate with the relevant authorities to
provide such space for the installation of network facilities within or on the building or land, within such
specified period;
(b) require any license holder to install network facilities within a specified period;
(c) require the license holder to contribute wholly or partly to such costs and expenses incurred in
installing network facilities.
49. The department shall manage the cooperation for environmental conservation and shall not cause unnecessary
financial expenses during the course of construction and installation of network facilities done by the license holder.
Chapter 14
Settlement of Disputes
50. The licence holder may:
(a) refer any dispute concerning the operation and provision of telecommunication
services or network facilities and/or services to the Department for resolution where the licence holders are
unable to resolve the dispute;
(b) refer any dispute relating to access and interconnection to the Department for resolution where the licence
holders are unable to resolve the dispute.
13. 13
51. The Department shall resolve a dispute either after having received a report according to Section 50 or, if it
concludes that the dispute may harm the public interest, without having received any report.
52. (a) Any person dissatisfied with the decision made by the Department in accordance with Section 51-
(1) may appeal to the Ministry within 30 days after such decision is made if the dispute relates to
telecommunication technology;
(2) may appeal to a judiciary court for remedy for the losses incurred to him or for his rights, if the case
does not relate to telecommunication technology.
(b) In respect of the appeal filed under sub-section (a)(1), the Ministry may: (1) make the necessary investigation;
(2) approve, revise or cancel the decision of the Department.
(c) Any person dissatisfied with the decision of the Ministry may appeal to the appellate tribunal within 45 days after
such decision is made.
Chapter (15)
Catering for Basic Telecommunication Needs for the Public Interest
Irrespective of the Location
53. The Ministry may direct the Department to take measures to increase telecommunication services
and to extend and construct infrastructure for the wider use of telecommunication services within the
underserved areas of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
54. The Ministry shall control the fund to implement the supporting measures to cater for the basic telecommunication
needs for the public interest irrespective of the location.
55. The Department shall monitor the implementation of the measures to cater for the basic telecommunication
needs for the public interest irrespective of location by using the fund under Section 54.
56. The Department shall do the following with the approval of the Ministry to enable the implementation of the
measures under Section 55:
(a) specify the underserved area;
14. 14
(b) define the universal targets for catering for the the basic telecommunication needs for the public interest
irrespective of location;
(c) specify the universal service obligation to be abided by the licence holder in order to cater for the basic
telecommunication needs for the public interest irrespective of the location.
Chapter 16
Taking Administrative Action
57. The Department may take any of the following administrative actions in respect of a licence holder who infringes
any of the licence terms and conditions, or fails to comply with the duties of a licence holder prescribed under Chapter
5 of this Law, or fails to comply with a direction of the Department made in accordance with Section 38, or fails to
comply with a resolution of the Department made in accordance with Section 51, or with the decision of the
Ministry made under Section 52(b):
(a) warning;
(b) suspension of licence for a certain period;
(c) cancellation of licence.
58.
(a) Any person dissatisfied with the administrative decision made by the Department under Section 57 may
appeal to the Ministry within 30 days after such decision is made.
(b) With respect to the appeal made under sub-Section (a), the Ministry may: (1) make necessary enquiries, if
required;(2) approve, revise or reject the decision of the Department.
Chapter 17
Formation of Appellate Tribunal, Assignment of Duties, Proceeding and Decision
59. The Union Government shall:
15. 15
(a) form an appellate tribunal to settle the dispute if an aggrieved person appeals against a decision made by
the Ministry under this Law;
(b) form the appellate tribunal consisting of not more than 9 members including the Chairman.
60. The Chairman and the members of the appellate tribunal shall have the following qualifications:
(a) the Chairman of the appellate tribunal has served as a Region or State High Court Judge for at least 5
years or as an officer not lower in rank than a Region or State Judicial Officer or Law Officer for at least
10 years;
(b) the members of the appellate tribunal shall have a good reputation and be an expert in telecommunication
technology, legal and economic matters.
61.
(a) The appellate tribunal shall announce the date of the hearings in advance and hear on that day.
(b) It may hear the claimant from the respective parties.
(c) It shall arrange to make a final decision as early as possible.
(d) A final decision requires agreement by more than half of the members including the Chairman.
62. The decision of the appellate tribunal shall be final and conclusive.
63. The Chairman and members of the appellate tribunal have the right to enjoy the allowance and honorarium
specified by the Union Government.
64. The term of the appellate tribunal shall commence on the day of its formation and end upon submitsion of the
report on the final decision to the Union Government.
Chapter 18
Offences and Penalties
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65. Whoever is found guilty of carrying out telecommunication services without a licence shall be liable to be
punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or with fine.
66. Whoever is found guilty of any of the following offences shall be liable to be punished with imprisonment for a
term not exceeding 3 years or with fine or with both:
(a) disturbing, altering the specified standard or original position of, or destroying a communication network
without the permission of the owner or authorized administrator;
(b) using a virus or other means for the purpose of destroying a telecommunication
network;
(c) stealing money or any property, fraud, misappropriation or mischief using any communication network,
(d) extortion of any person, coercion, unlawful restriction, defamation, interfering, undue influence, or
intimidation using a telecommunication network,
67. Whoever possesses or uses telecommunication equipment whose possession or use requires a licence [without
such licence] shall be liable, upon conviction, to be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1 year or
with fine or with both.
68. Whoever is found guilty of having committed any of the following acts shall be labile to be punished with
imprisonment for a term not more than 1 year or with fine, or with both:
(a) communication, reception, sending, distribution or sharing of incorrect information with dishonest
intention;
(b) prohibiting, obstructing or interfering with the transmission, reception, communication,
conveyance or distribution of information without permission;
(c) entering places where entry is restricted with the permission of the Department and where
telecommunication services are provided;
(d) obstructing, or disturbing a person assigned for duty on telecommunication services by a licence holder, or
prohibiting this person from carrying out his duty.
69. Whoever exposes, by whatever means, any information which is kept in a secured or encrypted system to
an unauthorized person shall, on conviction, be liable to be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1
year or with a fine or with both, unless the disclosure concerns a matter subject to prosecution and was authorized by a
court order.
70. Any licence holder who uses, keeps in possession, supplies or imports any network facility or
telecommunication equipment which does not meet technical standards, shall, on conviction, be liable to be punished
with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1 year or with a fine or with both. Whoever deters or restrains or disturbs
the discharge of duty of the Department or of an inspection team organized by the Department shall be punished
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with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or with fine or with both.
71. Whoever is found guilty of violating any prohibition included inrules, regulations, by-laws, notifications, orders,
directives or procedures issued under this Law shall, on conviction, be liable to be punished with imprisonment for
a term not exceeding 6 months or with a fine or with both.
72. Whoever deters or restrains or disturbs the discharge of duty of the Department or of an inspection team organized
by the Department shall be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or with a fine or with both.
73. Whoever attempts to commit any offence under this Law, or conspires to commit such an offence or abets in such
an offence shall be liable to the punishment prescribed by this Law for the offences he so commits.
Chapter 19
Miscellaneous
74. The Ministry shall issue notifications with the approval of the Government to set technical standards, manage the
frequency band, protect users in the telecommunication sector in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and shall
form a national telecommunication advisory committee consisting of the Minister or the person assigned by the
Minister as Chairman and the representatives of IT and communication services, holders of licenses according to this
law, users, technicians and the representatives from the Department, etc. as members. Duties and responsibilities
of the committee shall be specified separately.
75. The Union Government may, without affecting the fundamental rights of the citizens, direct the organization
concerned as necessary to intercept, irrespective of the means of communication, any information that affects the
national security or rule of law .
76. If necessary, the Ministry or any department or organisation assigned by it may, for matters of national defence
and for the interest of the public, enter the premises on which telecommunication services are carried out by
a licence holder in order to perform an inspection, supervise, and request relevant documents.
77. On the occurrence of any public emergency, the Ministry, subject to the approval of the Union Government, may,
for the duration of the public emergency, direct any licence holder to suspend a telecommunication service,
restrict specific forms of communication, jam or intercept any commutation, hand over telecommunication
equipment, or take temporary control of any telecommunication equipment.
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78. A licence holder shall make the necessary arrangements to enable, among any activities under section 77, lawful
interception for security purposes.
79. If an exhibit relating to an offence prosecuted under this Law is not easily producible before the court,
such an exhibit need not be produced before the Court and a report on how such exhibit is kept or other relevant
documents shall be submitted. The Court shall deem such submission as if it were a production of the related exhibit
and make administrative arrangements in accordance with the Law.
80.
(a) The offences under this Law are deemed as cognizable offences.
(b) For prosecution under this law, prior approval of the Ministry shall be obtained.
81. The Ministry shall determine amounts for licence fees, renewal fees, spectrum fees, fees for the allocation
of communication numbering and electronic addressing plans and overdue fees.
82. The Ministry may, for the public interest, with the prior approval of the Union Government, exempt any
Government department, organization or person from the requirement to obtain authorizations, licences and
recommendation in accordance with this Law, and if necessary, from the requirement to pay fees. However it may
do these things without the prior approval of the Union Government in emergency situations, in matters related
to the defense and the security of the State, and in natural disasters. The matter shall be submitted to the Union
Government post facto.
83. The Department shall determine conditions, codes of conduct and standards in connection with
telecommunication services, subject to the approval of the Ministry.
84. The Department may:
(a) coordinate and cooperate with international telecommunication organizations and regional organizations in
accordance with the guidance of the Ministry for matters relating to telecommunication services in
implementing the provisions of international telecommunication conventions agreed to and ratified by the
State;
(b) hold examinations concerning telecommunication technology and technical skills in accordance with the
international telecommunication conventions and in line with the determined procedures, and confer
certificates of completion.
85. Under the Myanmar Telegraph Act, 1885 and the Myanmar Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1934, repealed by this Law:
(a) the licences which have not yet expired shall be deemed as licences issued under this Law and be effective
until the expiry of the respective licence. A licence shall be applied for and obtained in accordance with this
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Law if the licence holder is willing to continue with the provision of service at the expiration of the
licence.
(b) the rules, notifications, orders and directives issued under these laws shall, so far as they are not
inconsistent with this Law, remain in operation.
86. The Union Government shall form an independent Myanmar Telecommunication Commission led by a suitable
Union level person, to carry out the duties in connection with the telecommunication services under this Law, within 2
years starting from the day of enforcement of this Law.
87. The Ministry shall issue a notification when it is necessary to define the expression of any technical
telecommunication term under this Law.
88. In implementing the provisions of this Law:
(a) the Ministry may, with the approval of the Government, issue necessary rules, regulations and by-laws;
(b) the Ministry may issue the necessary notifications, orders, directives and procedures, and the Department
may issue the necessary orders and directives.
89. The following Laws are hereby repealed by this Law: (a) The Myanmar Telegraph Act, 1885;
(b) The Myanmar Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1934.
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I hereby sign according to the Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
(Sd.) Thein Sein
President
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar