The document discusses the technical aspects of aircraft wings, their historical development, and propulsion systems in aviation. It explains how wings generate lift, the importance of propulsion for aircraft movement, and details various types of aircraft engines and their functions. Additionally, it touches on jet propulsion and concludes with a summary of the components involved in jet engine operation.

1. AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE
18KM BANNERGHATTA MAIN ROAD ,BANGALORE -560083
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
Technical Seminar on
AIRCRAFT WING
Submitted by
N P VARUN ACHAR
1AM21AE401
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
LAKKAPPA METI
Assistant Professor
Aeronautical Engineering

2. Table of contents
• Introduction
• Historical Background
• Definition of Wing
• How lift is generated
• Wing constructional introduction
• Internal structure of wing
• Wing Construction & Mathematics
• Types of Wing
• Stability devices on wirg
• Development of wing from 1900-2015
• Unconventional designs

3. Introduction
• Aircraft wings are aerodynamic surfaces attached to the fuselage of an airplane.
• Generate lift by creating a pressure difference between the upper and lower
surfaces, allowing the aircraft to overcome gravity and achieve flight.
• Wings help maintain the aircraft’s orientation, stability, and maneuverability during
flight.

4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The Ancient Chinese:Kites with curved surfaces flew better than kites
with flat surfaces

5. PropulsionSystem
• Propulsion is a means of creating force leading to
movement. The term is derived from two Latin words:
pro, meaning before or forward; and puller, meaning to
drive. A propulsion system consists of a source of
mechanical power, and a propulsor (means of
converting this power into propulsive force).
• An aircraft propulsion system must achieve two things.
First, the thrust from the propulsion system must
balance the drag of the airplane when the airplane is
cruising. And second, the thrust from the propulsion
system must exceed the drag of the airplane for the
airplane to accelerate. In fact, the greater the difference
between the thrust and the drag, called the excess
thrust, the faster the airplane will accelerate.

6. Aircraft Motion
• This slide shows some rules for the simplified motion of an aircraft. By
simplified motion we mean that some of the four forces acting on the aircraft
are balanced by other forces and that we are looking at only one force and
one direction at a time. In reality, this simplified motion doesn't occur
because all of the forces are interrelated to the aircraft's speed, altitude,
orientation, etc. But looking at the forces ideally and individually does give
us some insight and is much easier to understand.
• If the forces become unbalanced, the aircraft will move in the direction of
the greater force. We can compute the acceleration which the aircraft will
experience from Newton's second law of motion. F = m * a
Where a is the acceleration, m is the mass of the aircraft, and F is the net
force acting on the aircraft.

7. • If the weight is decreased while the lift is held
constant, the airplane will rise:
Lift> Weight - Aircraft Rises
• If the lift is decreased while the weight is
constant, the plane will fall:
Weight > Lift - Aircraft Falls
• Similarly, increasing the thrust while the drag is
constant will cause the plane to accelerate:
Thrust > Drag - Aircraft Accelerates
• And increasing the drag at a constant thrust will
cause the plane to slow down:
Drag > Thrust - Aircraft Slows.

8. Aircraft Engine
• An aircraft engine is the component of the
propulsion system for an aircraft that
generates mechanical power. Aircraft
engines are almost always either
lightweight piston engines or gas turbines.
Examples of engines used in aviation
include: Piston Engine.
• Aircraft engines are almost always
either lightweight piston engines or
gas turbines. Examples of engines
used in aviation include:
Piston Engine
Turbojet Engine
Turboprop Engine
Turboshaft Engine
Turbofan Engine

9. Gas Turbine
A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal
combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a
downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in between. The basic
operation of the gas turbine is similar to that of the steam power plant
except that air is used instead of water. Fresh atmospheric air flows
through a compressor that brings it too higher pressure. Energy is then
added by spraying fuel into the air and igniting it, so the combustion
generates a high temperature flow. This high temperature high pressure
gas enters a turbine, where it expands down to the exhaust

10. Jet Propulsion
• Jet propulsion is thrust produced by passing a jet of matter (typically
air or water) in the opposite direction to the direction of motion. By
Newton's third law, the moving body is propelled in the opposite
direction to the jet. It is most commonly used in the jet engine but is
also the favored means of propulsion used to power various space
craft.
• A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast-moving jet of
fluid to generate thrust by jet propulsion and in accordance with
Newton's laws of motion. This broad definition of jet engines
includes turbojets, turbofans, rockets, ramjets, pulse jets and pump-
jets. In general, most jet engines are internal combustion engines,
but non-combusting forms also exist.

11. Conclusions
• A propulsion system is a machine that produces thrust to push an
object forward. On airplanes, thrust is usually generated through
some application of Newton's third law of action and reaction. A
gas, or working fluid, is accelerated by the engine, and the reaction
to this acceleration produces a force on the engine.
• The four basic parts of a jet engine are the compressor, turbine,
combustion chamber, and propelling nozzles. Air is compressed,
then led through chambers where its volume is increased by the heat
of fuel combustion. On emergence it spins the compression rotors,
which in turn act on the incoming air.

12. References
• Thermodynamics by P. K. Nag
• Engineering Thermodynamics by R. K. Rajput
• http://www.grc.nasa.gov
• https://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov
• https://en.wikipedia.org