Technical Debt.pptx

June 1, 2014
Standard presentation deck version 0.7
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Technical Debt
Huge
June 1, 2015

1. What is Technical Debt? 2. Metaphor 3.
How to identify?
4. Sources 5. Is it bad? 6. Why care?
7. How to deal?
8. Summary.
Agenda

A series of Bad Decisions taken by
Business and Technical

Results to:
Error prone design and Architecture

1. Do it clean and smart Way
Longer to implement
Easier to future changes
HIGHER COST!!!

2. Do it quickly
Easier to implement
Lower Cost
Harder to Change!!!

12
Performance, Scalability, Security, Stability
External qualities can be termed also as an features.
External Quality

External qualities.
● Performance
● Scalability
● Security
● Stability

External qualities.
Product OwnerBusiness Users Tech Team
Approach.

15
Internal Quality
• Test Coverage
• Architecture Design
• Coding Standards
• Automation
• Pluggable
• Modular

Internal qualities.
Tech TeamProduct OwnerBusiness Users

External qualities.
● External qualities can be related to features.
● External qualities deliver business values
● External qualities can be sponsored
Stakeholder

Internal qualities.
● Internal qualities does not relates to features.
● External qualities does not deliver business values
Stakeholder

Learning of the millennium
Although messy code or code
without tests works perfectly for
customers if it delivers the desired
business value.

Why to invest in
internal qualities?

● Uncontrollable code base
Ignoring internal qualities means.

● Inflexible software product

● Risk of development

And list goes on ….

Sometimes it’s hard to explain
investment on Internal qualities to
Business Stakeholders

Technical Debt metaphor got originated

Ward Cunningham used the metaphor ‘Technical Debt’ for the first time in 1992 to communicate this problem with non-technical
stakeholders.

“Code with low quality and no automatic test coverage can be compared
with financial debt.”
● Principal: The cost of refactoring the codebase to a clean design,
which allows easy future changes.
● Interest : Extra costs, which have to be paid in the future if the team
has to work with a messy codebase.
31

To explain non-technical stakeholders in the financial term
To communicate the problem of poor quality that might otherwise go unnoticed
until it is too late
A sufficient amount of messy code may bring a whole engineering department
to a stand-still.
Technical Debt metaphor is good for

● Why should business sponsor spend money on the
features that don’t deliver business value?

● Why should business sponsor spend money on the
features that don’t deliver business value?
● Why should the business sponsors accept a project of
higher cost?

Technical Debt is
not obvious.

Indicators
“This is Karl’s Code. I will not touch it”

Indicators
“This is Karl’s Code. Don’t touch it” “I think last added feature, introduced the new
bug, I am dealing”
“I wrote this last week, Let’s copy that code” “Does anyone know, how to setup workspace”
“Deployment takes more than 2 hours. Just
wait for next Monday”
“TODO/FIXME: This should be fixed before next
release”
“This library is outdated. We don’t have time
to upgrade now”
“I am pretty sure, If I touch it will break
somewhere else”
“Lets finish the testing by next release” “Does anyone knows where we store the
password?”

Development Team Maintenance
Team
Imagine a credit card where you entitled to buy but not to pay the bills.

● Include it or there won’t be release.
● Code won’t be read/change often.
● Less important.
● Demo/Pitch.
Minimal Viable Product(MVP)

Teams with plenty of time also makes
Technical Debt.
Realization is at the end.
It’s too late!!!
Martin Fowler
"Now we know how we should have done it"?

● Very Good
● Good
● Fair
Developer Team

● Each software has a support life cycle
● Compatibility
● Standards
Software Decay

Technical Debt is
“Really Bad?”

Technical debt is a strategy.
Quickly reach to the business goal and
to the market, and see if the
functionality is useful at all.
Ward Cunningham

Spotify see a perfect code as a waste,
if we don't know the functionality we
create is really really useful.
Spotify come up with a functionality
very quickly to the user and they
refactor to make it nice.
Spotify Engineering

Eric Evans(Domain Driven Design)
You cannot have same quality
throughout the system
There will be always Technical Debt
Less important implementation may
not need any refactoring

Eric Ries(Lean Startup)
“I was always happy to write perfect
code but at the end no one used it.”
Build quickly and bring in front of user.

51
Technical Debt is really Bad???
Yield of investment by entering into the market is very big than the
principal and interest amount.
Technical Debt might give an advantage of an early release and profit
the organization more than it costs to pay back the debt.
Amazon was a behemoth application once upon a time.
Twitter was built on Ruby on Rails, now it’s all messaging queues.

Stakeholders!!!
Customer Help Desk
Management
Operations Team

How to deal with
technical debt?

● Engineering Practices
○ TDD
○ Pair Programming
○ Continuous Integration
○ Automation
● Hiring
○ Poor hiring
○ Poor retention
● Tools
Technical debt is organization problem (Organizational Debt)

● Buffer Task : 10% of the available time.
● Quality Releases: Technical release focused on quality improvements.
● Cost: Include cost for Technical debt in requirement estimations.
● Prioritization:
○ Technical Debt Backlog
○ Technical Debt Items
Fix development process

Business Requirement
Enhancing quality should be business goal.

● Developer knows quality issues.
● They have to work on
○ Getting Domain Knowledge.
○ Sell Technical Debt to business decision makers.
Developers... “Build the Trust.”

● Tools
○ Code coverage
○ Cyclomatic complexity
● Refactoring
○ Coupling
Monitor your debt.

Summary
● Technical debt is a metaphor that describes a very real
phenomenon.
● Technical debt comes in variety of the forms.
● Lower maintenance cost
○ Avoiding interest payments.
● Increase productivity
○ Better prioritization
● Avoid Surprises
○ Fewer failures
○ Better estimation

June 1, 2014
Standard presentation deck version

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Strategy
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Unmet user need.
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Real marketing challenge. Lorem
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True brand capability.
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A simple list.
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91
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Ice Cube – Managing Director
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92
This is a common slide.
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96
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With a header:
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101

Key stats
120%Increase in monthly favorited tweets on
Twitter.

Key stats
120%Increase in monthly
Facebook virality.
Facebook virality.

Results
150%Increase in monthly Facebook
virality.
Facebook virality.
Facebook virality.

120%Increase in monthly favorited tweets on
Twitter.
Key stats

Facebook virality.
Facebook virality.
Key stats

150%Increase in monthly Facebook
virality.
Facebook virality.
Facebook virality.
Results

This is a table with rows.
Objective KPI Features
Laugh a lot and then get
drunk.
Hiccups • Something here
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Run around in the sprinkler. Speed • Something here
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Shoot each other with water
guns
Load time • Something here
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Objective KPI Features
Laugh a lot and then get
drunk.
Hiccups • Something here
• Something here
Run around in the sprinkler. Speed • Something here
• Something here
Shoot each other with water
guns
Load time • Something here
• Something here
Make new friends Friend requests on Facebook • Something here
Ladidah Falala • Here you go

Bold
Classic
Fearless
Authentic
Edgy
Impactful
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Subversive
High-quality
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Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
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Clever
Smart
Irreverent
A leader
Thought-provoking
Oranges.Apples.

Orange
Pulp
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Smart
Irreverent
A leader
Thought-provoking
Unexpected
Clever
Oranges.
Red
Crunchy
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Smart
Irreverent
A leader
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Yellow
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Irreverent
A leader
Thought-provoking
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Bananas.

Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
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Oranges.
Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Clever
Apples.
Yellow
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Clever
Bananas.
Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
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Clever
Grapes.
Purple
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Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Clever
Plums.
Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Clever
Pears.

Bold
Classic
Fearless
Authentic
Edgy
Impactful
Smart
Fearless
Authentic
Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Clever
Smart
Fearless
Authentic
Oranges.Apples.
This is a table with a header.

Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Clever
Smart
Irreverent
A leader
Thought-provoking
Oranges.
Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Clever
Smart
Irreverent
A leader
Thought-provoking
Apples.
Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Clever
Smart
Irreverent
A leader
Thought-provoking
Bananas.

Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Oranges.
Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Apples.
Yellow
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Bananas.
Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Pears.
Calm
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Plums.
Yellow
Distinctive
Juicy
Innovative
Unexpected
Grapes.

Bold
Provocative
Fearless
Authentic
Edgy
Impactful
Smart
Subversive
High-quality
Accessible
Calm
Distinctive
Edgy
Innovative
Unexpected
Clever
Smart
Irreverent
A leader
Thought-provoking
Brand YBrand X.

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This is your team.
Ice Cube – Managing Director
MC Ren – Director Content Strategy
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Dr. Dre – VP Technology

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