Good

1. Under the guidance of
Mr.MANUKUMAR G B
Asst . Professor
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Government Engineering College Huvina hadagal-583219

3.  India's market for electric vehicles is slowly expanding. The Indian EV
market environment at the moment is shown in Fig .1
Fig -1 Regional sales of electric vehicles in India 2020 from Jan-
Dec. in percentage

4.  Research on EV technology progress, focusing mostly on battery electric
vehicles
 ongoing in many parts of the world due to limited energy resources and
environmental impact.
 Only 450 units were sold by Indian manufacturers in 2016.
 Through government subsidies and incentives for EV adoption, India has
a significant opportunity to grow its market share.
 Given that a total of 995,319 EVs across all vehicle segments were sold in
2022
 a significant 509% increase over the 163,458 EVs sold in 2019
 year before to the launch of COVID, and a 208% rise year over year (all-
India EV sales in 2021: 322,871 units).

5.  Rechargeable batteries that provided a viable means for storing electricity
on board a vehicle did not come into being until 1859
 the invention of the lead-acid battery by French physicist Gaston Planté.
 An early electric-powered two-wheel cycle was put on display at the
1867, but it couldn't drive reliably in the street.
 First practical Electric car was built by Thomas Parker in 1884.

6.  Toyota to Make Over 10 Battery EV Models in Early
2020s.Availableonline: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/18/toyota-to-
make-over-10-battery-ev-models-in- early-2020s.html (accessed on 18
December 2017).
 Veneri, O.; Capasso, C.; Patalano, S. Experimental study on the
performance of Zebra battery based propulsion system for urban
commercial vehicles. Appl. Energy 2017, 185 Pt 2, 2005–2018
 Ding, Y.; Cano, Z.P.; Yu, A.; Lu, J.; Chen, Z. Automotive Li-Ion Batteries:
Current Status and Future Perspectives. Electrochem. Energy Rev.
2019, 2, 1– 28

7.  Pelegov, D.; Pontes, J. Main Drivers of Battery Industry Changes:
Electric Vehicles—A Market Overview. Batteries 2018, 4, 65
 The Sodium / Nickel chloride (ZEBRA) battery J.L. Sudworth Beta
Research and Development Ltd.50 Goodsmoor Road Sinfin Derby DE24
9GN , UK (www.elsevier.com).

8. IMPLEMENTATION
What is EV Battery
?....
An electric vehicle battery (EVB) or traction battery can be either
a primary (e.g. metal-air) battery or a secondary battery
rechargeable battery used for propulsion of Battery Electric
Vehicles (BEVs).
 Electric vehicle batteries differ from starting, lighting, and
ignition (SLI) batteries because they are designed to give
power over sustained periods of time.

9. EV Battery Types..
Lead-acid
 Traditionally, most electric vehicles have used
lead-acid batteries due to their mature
technology, high availability, and low cost.
 Flooded lead-acid batteries are the cheapest
and most common traction batteries
available.
 It has positive plate made of brown lead
dioxide and negative plate made of lead
metal
 The efficiency (70–75%)

10. Nickel-metal hydride
 They boast an energy density of 30–80
Wh/kg, far higher than lead-acid.
 When used properly, nickel-metal
hydride batteries can have exceptionally
long lives.
 Present NiMH,RAV4EVs that still
operate well after 100,000 miles (160,000
km) and over a decade of service
 Downsides include the poor efficiency,
high self-discharge, very finicky charge
cycles, and poor performance in cold
weather.

11. Zebra or Sodium Battery
 The sodium or "zebra" battery uses
molten chloroaluminate (NaAlCl4)
sodium as the electrolyte.
 The Zebra battery boasts an energy
density of 120Wh/kg.
 The requirement of having to heat the
electrolyte to about 270 °C (520 °F).
 The downsides to the Zebra battery
include poor power density (<300 W/kg).
 Zebra batteries have been used in the
Modec vehicle commercial vehicle since
it entered production in 2006

12. Lithium ion
 The traditional lithium-ion
chemistry involves a lithium
cobalt oxide cathode and a
graphite anode.
 This yields cells with an
impressive 200+ Wh/kg energy
density and good power density.
 80 to 90% charge/discharge
efficiency.
 Silicon nanowires, silicon
nanoparticles, and tin
nanoparticles promise several
times the energy density in the
anode.

13. Examples of EV Using Different
Batteries
1.Using NIMH Battery
The General Motors EV1 had a
range of 75 to 150 miles (240 km)
with NiMH batteries in 1999.

14. Using Li-ion
• New lithium-ion battery-
equipped EVs provide 320–
480 km (200–300 mi) of
range per charge. Lithium is
also less expensive than
nickel.
• Car developed by NISSAN in
2001.

15.  Urban Integration: Incorporating EV charging infrastructure
into cities to encourage sustainable transportation.
 Automotive Innovation:Advancing battery technology to
enhance the efficiency and affordability of electric vehicles.
 Grid Optimization:Implementing smart charging solutions to
manage electricity demand and integrate renewable energy
sources.

16.  Sustainable Supply Chains: Optimizing battery supply chains
and recycling processes to reduce environmental impact.
 Consumer Awareness: Launching educational campaigns and
incentives to promote EV adoption and sustainability.

17. Faster charging times compared to traditional internal
combustion engine vehicles
Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
Lower fuel and maintenance costs over the vehicle's
lifetime
Integration with renewable energy sources for cleaner
charging

18. Limited charging infrastructure in some regions
Longer charging times compared to refueling a
conventional vehicle
Initial cost barrier for purchasing EVs
Range anxiety among consumers due to limited
driving range per charge

19. Future scop
Carbon nanotube battery
Alternative is developing a carbon
nanotube lead acid battery pack
According to the company, deliver 380
miles (610 km) range and can be
recharged in less than 10 minutes.
According to U.S. Energy Secretary
Chu, costs for a 40 mile range battery
will drop from a price in 2008 of
$12K to $3,600 in 2015 and further to
$1,500 by 2020

20. Conclusion
 Electric Battery Automobiles are really important as they will
prevent a major source of increased Global Warming and other
natural problems.
New Concepts of rechargeable should arise that will have
higher efficiency than all other existing batteries.

21.  Toyota to Make Over 10 Battery EV Models in Early 2020s.
Available online: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/18/toyota-to-
make-over-10-battery-ev-models-in- early-2020s.html (accessed
on 18 December 2017).
 Veneri, O.; Capasso, C.; Patalano, S. Experimental study on the
performance of Zebra battery based propulsion system for urban
commercial vehicles. Appl. Energy 2017, 185 Pt 2, 2005–2018
 Ding, Y.; Cano, Z.P.; Yu, A.; Lu, J.; Chen, Z. Automotive Li-Ion
Batteries: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Electrochem.
Energy Rev. 2019, 2, 1– 28

22. Prof. Vishal Chavan
Professor in Mechanical
Engineering Department of
PVG’SCOET, Pune.
E-mail:
vsc_mech@pvgcoet.ac.in
Atharva Gadkari
BE scholar in Mechanical
Engineering Department of
PVG’SCOET, Pune.
E-mail:
atharvagadkari100@gmail.com
BIOGRAPHIES

23. Tushar Pawar
BE scholar in Mechanical
Engineering Department of PVG’S
COET, Pune.
E-
mail:tusharpawar20113@gmail.com
Nikhil Hanpude
BE scholar in Mechanical
Engineering Department of
PVG’S COET, Pune.
E-
mail:nikhilhanpude2020@gmail.c
om