TAMIL LITERATURE.

1. Kidth; g.rhe;jp
cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;(,.vg;.vy;)
v];.Mh;.vk; mwptpay; kw;Wk; khDltpay; Gyk;
v];.Mh;.vk; mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopw;El;gtpay; epWtdk;
,uhkGuk;-89
nrd;id.

2. irt rka ,yf;fpaq;fs;
Kd;Diu:
irt rkak; rptngUkhid KOKjw; flTshff; nfhz;lJ. rptngUkhdpd; rpwg;Gfis vLj;J
$Wtjw;Fk; irt rkaj;ij gug;Gtjw;Fk; irt,yf;fpaq;fs; gy ,aw;wg;gl;ld. ,r;irtrka
,yf;fpaq;fis gy mbath;fs; ghbAs;shh;fs;. fp.gp 7Mk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; 12Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu
jkpo; nkhopia irt rkaNk Ml;rp nra;jJ. irt rka ,yf;fpaq;fis fPo; fhZk; Kiwapy;
tud;Kiw gLj;jyhk;.

3. • jpUKiw rhh;e;j E}y;fs;
• irt rpj;jhe;j E}y;fs;
• tPu irt E}y;fs;
• jyGuhzq;fs;
• nghJ irt E}y;fs;

4. • jpUKiw rhh;e;j E}y;fs;:
• gd;dpUjpUKiwfs;
• jpUKiwj; njhlh;
• jpUj;njhz;lh; Guhz rhuk;
• jpUg;gjpf; Nfhit
• jpUg;gjpff; Nfhit
• jpUKiwf; fz;l Guhzk;
• Nrf;fpohh; Guhzk;
• jpUj;njhz;lh; jpUehkf;Nfhit

5. gd;dpUjpUKiw :
• fp;.gp. 10Mk; E}w;whz;L ,uh[uh[Nrhod; rpjk;guj;jpy; %bapUe;j miwia jpwe;j
NghJ mq;fpUe;j Rtbfs; rptngUkhid gw;wpa ghlyhf mike;jpUe;jd. gy
Xiyfs; nry;yhpj;J gadw;W fple;jd. ,uh[uh[Nrhod; ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp
vd;gtiu Xiyr;Rtbfis njhFf;FkhW $wpdhh;.
• ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp Xiyr;Rtbfis njhFj;jhh;. mth; njhFj;jJ gjpndhU
jpUKiw jhd;.
• gpd;dhy; te;jth;fs; Nrf;fpohh; vOjpa nghpaGuhzk; 63 ehad;khh;fspd; tuyhw;iw
$Wtjhy; mij gd;dpUjpUKiwahf Nrhj;jdh;.

6. Njthuk;:
,iwtDf;Fr; #l;bf; $ba ghkhiy NjthukhFk;.gd;dpU
jpUKiwapy; jpUQhdrk;ge;jh;> jpUehTf;furh;> Re;juh; Mfpa
%tuhy; ghlg;gl;l 1>2>3>4>5>6>7 jpUKiwfs; Njthuk; vd
miof;fg;gl;ld.

7. irt rpj;jhe;j ,yf;fpaq;fs;:
• gd;dpU jpUKiwfisg; Nghy irtrkaf; fUj;Jfisf; $Wk; ,yf;fpaq;fshf
irtrpj;jhe;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; jpfo;fpd;w irt rpj;jhe;jk; irtrkaj;Jf;F
mbg;gilahf tpsq;FfpwJ. rptid KOKjw;flTshff; nfhz;L topgLfp;d;w rka
newpapd; j;jJtg;ghpTjhd; irtrpj;jhe;jkhFk;. rpj;jhe;jk; vd;gJ rpe;jpj;Jf;
fz;lwpe;j Kbthd cz;ik vdg; nghUs;gLk;.

8. • Md;kPfk; njhlh;ghd gy;NtW fUj;jf;fisAk; Muha;e;J rpe;jpj;J Kbe;j Kbthff;
fhzg;gl;lNj irtrpj;jhe;jkhFk;.
• irtrpj;jhe;jk; Ntjq;fisAk;> Mfkq;fisAk; mbg;gilahf nfhz;Ls;sJ. irt
Mfkq;fs; 28k; irtrpj;jhe;jj;Jf;F mbg;gilahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,tw;Ws;
jiyahdit fhkpfhfkk;> fhuzhfkk;. nkhj;jk; 14 E}y;fs; irtrpj;jhe;j
jj;Jttpsf;f E}y;fshf cs;sd.

9. • jpUTe;jpahh; - jpUtpaY}h; ca;ate;j jt ehadhh;
• jpUf;fspw;Wg;ghbahh; -jpUflT+iur; Nrh;e;j ca;ate;j Njt ehadhh;.
• rptQhdNghjk; - nka;fz;l Njth;
• rptQhd rpj;jpahh; - mUze;jp rpthr;rhhpahh;
• ,Ugh ,UgJ - mUze;jp rpthr;rhhpahh;
• cz;ik tpsf;fk; - kdthrfk; fle;jhh;
• rptg;gpufhrk; - ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh;

10. • cz;iknewp tpsf;fk; - ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh;
• jpUtUl;gad; - ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh;
• tpdh ntz;gh -ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh;
• Nghw;wpg; g/nwhil - ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh;
• nfhnf;ftp - ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh;
• neQ;RtpL J}J - ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh;
• rq;fw;g epufuzk. - ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh

11. gpw irt E}y;fs;:
• irt rkaj;ij Fwpj;j tpsf;fj;ij $Wk; gpw irt E}y;fs;
• tPu irtE}y;fs;
• nghJ irtE}y;fs;
• jyGuhzq;fs;

12. itzt ,yf;fpaq;fs;

13. Kd;Diu:
itzt rkak; jpUkhiy KOKjw; flTshff; nfhz;lJ. itzt rkaj;ij
Nrh;e;jth;fshy; ghlg;gl;l E}y; ehyhapuj; jpt;a gpuge;jk;. ,e;E}y; jpUkhypd;
rpwg;Gfis vLj;J $Wfpd;wJ. ,e;E}iy 12 Mo;thh;fs; ghbAs;shh;fs;. 12
Mo;thh;fSk; xNu fhyj;ij Nrh;e;jth;fs; my;y ntt;NtW fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jth;fs;.

14. itzt rkak;:
• gy;yth; fhyj;jpy; kWkyh;r;rpg; ngw;w kw;WnkhU rkak; itzt rkakhFk;.
• rkak; : itztk;
• flTs; : jpUkhy;
• E}y; : ehyhapu jpt;a gpuge;jk;
• ghbath;fs; : 12 Mo;thh;fs;
• rka mbath;fs; : 12 Mo;thh;fs;> Mr;rhhpah;fs;

15. Mz;lhs;:
gpwg;G: nghpaho;thhpd; jpUee;jdtdj;jpy; Jsrp nrbfSf;F nrbfSf;F ,ilapypUe;J nghpaho;thuhy; fz;nlLj;J tsh;f;fg;gl;l
nja;tf;Foe;ij. ,aw;ngah; :Nfhij
fhyk; : fp.gp. 10k;E}w;whz;L
ghbait : ehr;rpahh; jpUnkhop (143 ghly;fs;)
jpUg;ghit (30 ghly;fs;)

16. jpUkopir Mo;thh;:

17. • gpwg;G : njhz;ilehL jpUkopir Ch;
• gpwngah; : gf;jp rhuh;
• fhyk; : fp.gp. 6k;E}w;whz;L
• Ghbait : 1. jpUr;re;j tpUj;jk; (100 ghly;fs;)
2. ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp (96 ghly;fs;)

18. • ,th; jpUty;ypf;Nfzpapy; neLq;fhyk; jtj;jpy; ,Ue;jhh;. gpw rkaq;fis
fhl;bYk; itztNk rpwe;jJ vd;W itzt kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpdhh;. kwe;Jk; gpw
rkaj;ijj; njhohjth;. jd; ghly;fspYk; gpw rkaj;jtiuf; fz;bj;Jg; ghbAs;shh;.
• “mwpahh; rkzh; mah;e;jhh; ngsj;jh;
• rpwpahh; rptg;gf;jh;fs; nrg;gpy; -ntwpahy;
• khatid khytid khjtid Vj;jhjth;

19. FyNrfu Mo;thh;:

20. • gpwg;G : jpUtQ;irf;fsk;
• fhyk; : fp.gp. 9> 10 Mk; E}w;whz;L
• gpwngah;fs; : nrhy;yf;fhtyd;$ly; ehafd;> Nfhopf;Nfhd;
• ghbaJ :ngUkhs; jpUnkhop (105 ghly;fs;)
,e;E}y; gj;Jj;jpUnkhopfshf mike;Js;sJ.
• 1>2>3 jpUnkhop -jpUuq;fk; nghpaNfhapy; ek;ngUkhidg; ghbaJ
• 4tJ jpUnkhop - jpUNtq;flKilahid ghbaJ.
• 5tJ jpUnkhop : jpUtpj;jtf; Nfl;lk;lhidg; ghbaJ.
• 6>7 jpUnkhopfs; : fpU;z mtjhuj;ijg; gw;wpaJ.
• 8>9>10 jpUnkhopfs;: ,uhk mtjhuk; gw;wpaJ.