This document describes the case of a 22-year old female patient who presented with 1 month of left upper limb pain. On examination, she was found to have absent left radial pulse and diminished left brachial and ulnar pulses. Testing showed elevated ESR and imaging found stenosis of the left subclavian artery. She was diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis. She was treated with steroids and methotrexate, which improved her symptoms, and later underwent stenting of the left subclavian artery. Takayasu's arteritis is an inflammatory condition involving medium and large arteries that commonly affects younger women and can cause limb ischemia.
takayasu arteritis is inflammatory disorder of medium sized arteries of unknown etiology, prevent in young female. lead to life threatening complication and long lasting morbidity. early diagnosis and treatment prevent complication and improve quality of life
Diagnosis, management, workup in a case of Takayasu's arteritis. Definition, synonyms, history, epidimiology, pathophysiology, etiology of Takayasu's arteritis.
Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare nonspecific inflammatory disease of unknown cause, predominantly affecting
the aorta and its main branches, coronary arteries, and pulmonary arteries of young females. It induces a variety
of nonspecific inflammatory symptoms and ischemic symptoms due to stenotic lesions. Further progression
of TA causes destruction of the arterial wall media, leading to aortic regurgitation and aneurysms or
rupture of the involved arteries. Although serological tests specific for TA are not available, new better biomarkers
are emerging such as pentraxin3 and matrix metalloproteinases. Recent advances in imaging modalities
including magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography (CT), sonography, and fluorodeoxy
glucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) allow earlier and accurate diagnosis of TA. Duration
between onset of the disease and diagnosis has become much shorter during the last decade. Medical treatment
for TA is also changing. In addition to the traditional glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, many
new biological agents are being applied to patients with TA refractory to conventional treatment with favorable
results. As for treatment for vascular complications, efficacy of endovascular treatment is still a matter of
controversy because of the high rate of restenosis at an early stage after the procedure. Based on these advances,
the prognosis and quality of life of TA patients have improved to a great deal. However, there are
many issues that remain to be solved in the management of TA.
he diseased aorta in Takayasu’s arteritis features areas of ectasia and stenosis; the aorta is left with very little elastic tissue due to diffuse fibrosis of the intima, media, and externa. Stent-supported endovascular aortoplasty and surgical revascularization are associated with higher complication and recurrence rates, even with regular immunomodulation follow-up. Unlike atheromatous disease, the inflexible artery is vulnerable to dissection, and is as “brittle as glass” during balloon angioplasty. Therefore, some authors suggest self-expanding stent or stent-graft supported angioplasty for this condition, with high-pressure dilation,to overcome fibrosis caused by panarteritis. However, the incidence of dissection in this situation appears to be under-reported.
Radiological evaluation of takayasu arteritis Dr. muhammad Bin Zulfiqar Servi...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Radiological evaluation of takayasu arteritis Dr. muhammad Bin Zulfiqar Services Institute of Medical Sciences Services Hospital Lahore
In this presentation we will discuss the role of imaging in TA.
takayasu arteritis is inflammatory disorder of medium sized arteries of unknown etiology, prevent in young female. lead to life threatening complication and long lasting morbidity. early diagnosis and treatment prevent complication and improve quality of life
Diagnosis, management, workup in a case of Takayasu's arteritis. Definition, synonyms, history, epidimiology, pathophysiology, etiology of Takayasu's arteritis.
Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare nonspecific inflammatory disease of unknown cause, predominantly affecting
the aorta and its main branches, coronary arteries, and pulmonary arteries of young females. It induces a variety
of nonspecific inflammatory symptoms and ischemic symptoms due to stenotic lesions. Further progression
of TA causes destruction of the arterial wall media, leading to aortic regurgitation and aneurysms or
rupture of the involved arteries. Although serological tests specific for TA are not available, new better biomarkers
are emerging such as pentraxin3 and matrix metalloproteinases. Recent advances in imaging modalities
including magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography (CT), sonography, and fluorodeoxy
glucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) allow earlier and accurate diagnosis of TA. Duration
between onset of the disease and diagnosis has become much shorter during the last decade. Medical treatment
for TA is also changing. In addition to the traditional glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, many
new biological agents are being applied to patients with TA refractory to conventional treatment with favorable
results. As for treatment for vascular complications, efficacy of endovascular treatment is still a matter of
controversy because of the high rate of restenosis at an early stage after the procedure. Based on these advances,
the prognosis and quality of life of TA patients have improved to a great deal. However, there are
many issues that remain to be solved in the management of TA.
he diseased aorta in Takayasu’s arteritis features areas of ectasia and stenosis; the aorta is left with very little elastic tissue due to diffuse fibrosis of the intima, media, and externa. Stent-supported endovascular aortoplasty and surgical revascularization are associated with higher complication and recurrence rates, even with regular immunomodulation follow-up. Unlike atheromatous disease, the inflexible artery is vulnerable to dissection, and is as “brittle as glass” during balloon angioplasty. Therefore, some authors suggest self-expanding stent or stent-graft supported angioplasty for this condition, with high-pressure dilation,to overcome fibrosis caused by panarteritis. However, the incidence of dissection in this situation appears to be under-reported.
Radiological evaluation of takayasu arteritis Dr. muhammad Bin Zulfiqar Servi...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Radiological evaluation of takayasu arteritis Dr. muhammad Bin Zulfiqar Services Institute of Medical Sciences Services Hospital Lahore
In this presentation we will discuss the role of imaging in TA.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
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- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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4. My patient had pain in left upper arm, most
sever in left forearm and hand which was
Aching in nature, present most of the time
and aggravated by doing any kind of work.
There was associated numbness and
coldness of the left hand.
There is no history of any color changes
on exposure to cold. There is no H/O skin
rash or fever
5. There is H/O generalized body aches and
pains, sometimes left shoulder pains but no
systemic joint pains, stiffness, redness or
swelling.
There is no HO lower limb pain or
claudication. No Chest pain or SOB
No HO vertigo, dizziness, blackouts or
headache
No HO cough sputum, hemoptysis, burning
micturtion, hematuria, pyuria
No GIT disturbance
Normal periods.
6. She had Hx of fever 07 months back.
The fever continued for 01 month. It was mostly low
grade, intermittent. fever was associated body aches
and join pains involving both small and large joints.
There was no joint swelling or stiffness
There was also dry cough and exercise intolerance.
There was no HO hematuria or burning. No GIT
symptoms.
No hx Skin rash
She remained under treatment from various physicians
and got worked up to find out the cause of fever but no
conclusive diagnosis could be made. The fever finally
subsided after 01 month
7. Hb: 11.2
TLC: 6.2
PLT: 335000
MCV: 86
Urea: 17
Creatinine: 0.5
Uric acid: 3.1
Bil: 0.4
SGPT: 23
Alk Po: 81
Calcium: 10.0
25 OH vit D3: 37.32
Total protein: 7.8
Alb: 4.6
Globulin: 3.2
ESR: 70
CRP: < 6
ANA: -ve
RA Factor: -ve
Anti CCP: -ve
Transthoracic Echo:
Normal Valves normal systolic
and diastolic dimensions
and EF of 55%
8. Family history: no history IHD,DM or
dyslipidemia any similar illness in family
Personal Hx: She is staff nurse by
profession
There is no HO, smoking, addiction or drug
dependance
Menstrual History: noramal
9. Young female of average height and built looks
anxious
BP: 110/70 in rt arm and was not recordable in left
arm
PULSE: 90 b/min
ABSENT LEFT RADIAL. Left brachial but ulnar artery
was very feeble. There was no change in pulse with
change of position of left UL or neck
All other pulses were normal. no radiofemoral delay
R/rate: 18/min
Temp: 98.6F
10. There was no clubbing, cyanosis or edema
Chest: Normal vesicular breathing
Abd: Soft non tender no palpable
visceromegaly
CVS: S1 and S2 audible with no murmur
CNS: Normal examination
11. 1)Vasculitis:
Large vessel:Takayasu’s arteritis , Giant cell arteritis,
2)Atherosclerosis
3)Buerger’s disease
4)Thoracic outlet syndrome
5)Coarctation of Aorta
(Medium vessel vasulitis: Polyarterititis nodosa,
kawasaki’s disease
Small vessel: wegner’s granulomatosis , rheumatoid arthritis,)
were also in differentials
12. Giant cell arteritis occurs in elderly with headache
and jaw claudication
Thoracic outlet syndrome: its pain is aggravated with movement in vascular type
thoracic outlet syndrom
Coarctation of Aorta: Pt has no radiofemoral delay and hypertention
Athersclerosis: donot involve subclavian artery as individual . No family history
of dyslipidemia
Buerger’s disease ocuurs in middle aged smoker male and effects lower limb
PAN associated with abdominal pain, rashes, hematuria and peripheral
neuropathy
Kawasaki disease occurs in childhood pts have eye symptoms,
lymphadenopathy and cutaneous lesions
Wegner’s Granulomatosis: is associted with upper respiratory symptoms and
hemoptysis
Rheumatoid arthritis: ho morning stiffness and multi organ involvement
13. CBC,ESR,ANA, RA factor, ENA, C-ANCA,
P-ANCA,
LFTS,RFTs,Lipid porfile
ECG
CXR
Arterail Doppler
CT Peripheral Angiogram was planned
15. ANA: -ve
RA Factor:-ve
Anti CCP:-ve
HBsAg:-ve
Anti HCV:-ve
Arterial doppler of left
upper Limb Shows
stenosis of the left
subclavian artery with
diminished flow
beyond
16. Investigation Oct-
Nov:2013
May-june
2014
Echo: Dec: 2013:
Normal Valves and NORmal
dimensions and Normal
systolic Function
Ultra Sound Doppler 6th May
2014:
Show stenosed left subclavian
artery with diminished flow
beyond and normal flow in rt
arm
CBC Hb:11.2
TLC:6.2
PLT:325
MCV:86
Hb:10.2
TLC:7.8
PLT:453
MCV:80
ESR
CRP
70
<6
58
<6
Antibody ANA: -ve
RA factor: -ve
AntiCCP: -ve
Others HBsAg and
ANTIHCV:-ve
Ca:10.0
LFT & RFT:
WNL
LFTs and
RFTs :
WNL
20. 1) Age younger than 40yrs at disease onset
2) Claudication of the extremities
3) Decreased pulsation of one or both brachial arteries
4) Difference of at least 10 mm Hg in systolic blood
pressure between arms
5) Bruit over 1 or both subclavian arteries or the
abdominal aorta
6) Arteriographic narrowing or occlusion of the entire
aorta, its primary branches, or large arteries in the
upper or lower extremities that is not due to
arteriosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, or other
causes
The presence of any 3 or more criteria yields a
sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 97.8%.[20]
21. First to treat as medically as shown by ESR &
symptoms pt was in active stage and then to
do intervention of left subclavian artery
So Pt was prescribed deltaacortil 30 mg per
along with Methotrexate 10 mg weakly
Pts symptoms improved
ESR dec: 70 08
Methotrexate was stopped due to
hepatotoxicity
And finally stenting of left subclavian artery
was done
23. Is inflammatory arteritis of unknown origin involving
medium and large size arteries.
Granulamtous inflammation of large arteries and
medium sized arteies
Circulating antibodies plays important role
There may be stenosis (75%), occlusion or
aneurysm of the arteries causing ischemic
symptoms
May involve single branch of aorta or all arteries
arising from aorta
24. Incidence of 2.6 cases per 1 million
It is more prevalent in japan and other Asian countries
More prevalent in female (8:1 ratio)
Remitting and relapsing very prolonged course that
extend over years
Three stages:
1) Active inflammatory phase (non constitutional
symptom)
2) Vascular inflammatory stage( vascular stage)
3) Burnt out stage: (vessels become fibrosed )
25. Type I - Branches of the aortic arch
Type IIa - Ascending aorta, aortic arch, and its
branches
Type IIb –Ascending, Arch plus thoracic
descending aorta
Type III - Thoracic descending aorta,
abdominal aorta, renal arteries, or a
combination
Type IV - Abdominal aorta, renal arteries, or
both
Type V - Entire aorta and its branches
26. Signs
Non specific like fever,
rash, joint pain,weight
loss
Limb claudication
Headache
Visual disturbance
Reynaud’s phenomenon
Symptoms
Hypertension
Pressure difference b/w
two arms
Bruit
Signs of Aortic
regurgitation
Signs of Bi ventricular
failure
27. 1) Age of 40 years or younger at disease onset
2) Claudication of the extremities
3) Decreased pulsation of 1 or both brachial arteries
4) Difference of at least 10 mm Hg in systolic blood
pressure between arms
5) Bruit over 1 or both subclavian arteries or the
abdominal aorta
6) Arteriographic narrowing or occlusion of the entire
aorta, its primary branches, or large arteries in the
upper or lower extremities that is not due to
arteriosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, or other
causes
The presence of any 3 or more criteria yields a
sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 97.8%.[20]
28. Increase in Acute phase reactant like ESR
& CRP
Increased APR may show active disease
but may be normal
Patient may shows normocytic anemia and
thrombocytosis
All antibodies like ANA,ANCA, CCP will be
negative
29. Echocardiogram:
may show valvular
abnormality ( AR) or bi ventricular failure due to
myocarditits
CT angiogram:
it is non invasive and detects early
disease
MR angiogram:
detects early disease provide
detailed information
Angiography :
of affected artery is gold standard
30. LIMB ISCHEMIA
SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME
CVA
Renovascular Hypertension when involve
renal artery
Thromboembolic phenomenon
Retinpathy
Bi-ventricular failure
Valvular abnormality most common is Aortic
regurgitation
Complication related to prolonged steroids
use
31.
32. Assessing disease activity may be
beneficial as it respond to steroid.
presence of any of the following 2 out of 4
suggest active disease
1)Sytsemic features like fever and
arthralgias
2)inc: ESR
3)Features of ischemia like claudication
4)Typical angiographic features
33. Steroids like predisnolone 1mg/kg
Steroids usually benefits patients with active
disease donot effect burnt out fibrosed
vessels
½ of all pts on steroids do relapses after
stoping
Adding immunosuppressive to non
responders
Cyclophosphamide daily & Methotrexate
weekly can be used to reduce dose of
steroids
Anti TNF therapy
34. Literature had showed better outcome with
PTA because it can be reperformed
There can be restenosis of stented vessel
which is usually greater than PTA
performed in the Atherosclerosis lesions
However surgical grafting can achieve
better outcome with greater risk
Editor's Notes
Giant cell arteritis usually affect older age> 60 and causes headache and joint claudication
Polyarteritis nodosa causes abdominal pain and rashes and peripheral neuropathy and involve renal artery as well
Kawasaki disease is usually present in early childhood and may cause myocardial infarction in early childhood and involves conjunctiva in 90%
wegner’s granulomatosis causes upper respiratory symptoms and hemoptysis, there was no hx of morning stiffness and symmetrical joint pain and anti ccp was negative so this is also excluded buerger’s disease occurs in middle aged smoker male and invove claudication of lower limb
Thoracic outlet syndrom rarely causes artrial insufficiency by compressing left subclavian artery and pain is aggravated by overhead movement of arm which is not the case
Following investigations were advised based on history and Examination
She has anemia with normal MCV possibility of anemia of Chronic disease her ESR which was raised in past also raised here
To summarize the patient she is 22 yrs old female with history of left upperlimb claudication for one month with past history PUO that settled spontaneously
She was diagnosed as a case of takayasu arteritis on following ACR criteria
Pt had 5 criteria positive out of 6
Mycobacterial tuberculosis and streptocoal infection have been reported as a possible culprits
Aortic regurgitation most commonly caused by aortic aneurysm involving
Whenever there is ipsilateral subclavian artery occlusion the there is retrograde flow of blood from vertebral to subclavian artery in order to provide blood thru dilated collateral vessels and results in ischemic symptoms due to brain