Development and growth of a nation is determined by the effective utilization of human resources,
both male and female. Though, female category is about half of world’s population, they are
underrepresented in most of the sectors. Chemistry is playing a synergetic role in shifting the
equilibrium towards the women’s success. It is the social responsibility to eradicate the gender bias in
chemical related fields (academic, professional, industrial, and research). The mean and methods for
the same are discussed in the present article.
Short biographies of 30 Women in Science, an expanded version of the Women in Science exhibit in the ISB Atrium at UMass Amherst, brought to you by the College of Natural Sciences Women in Science Initiative.
Study the Effect of Antioxidants and Oxidative Products and Their Genetic Eff...AnuragSingh1049
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication by restricted repetitive behavior, Blood samples were taken for 60 people with autism and 30 healthy people as a control group. Both groups ranged age from 3 to 8 years .The laboratory and genetic analysis, (GSH & MDA) analysis were performed by ELISA technique, while Vit. D was performed by I-chroma II technique .The genetic aspect; it has been using the DNA separation kit then used PCR device, after that using nanoscope analyzer to determine the concentration of DNA extracted after the special primers were used to determine the presence of genetic defect. The results were a significant decrease in level of (GSH & Vit.D), a significant increase in level of (MDA), the genetic part, allel has been identified suffering from a significant change of methionine synthase where there is a significant relationship between this protein and autism disorder.
Write a 1-2 page essay researching biological science and its famous.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Write a 1-2 page essay researching biological science and its famous female scientists and the
issues they encounter in this area of science including the following:
What is your understanding of biological science? What kind of research goes on in this area of
science and is it as male dominant as other areas of science?
Explore the critical issues faced by female scientists in this area of study and has the situation
changed in the last 50 years?
Solution
Biological Science: it is also termed as Biology, it is study of living organisms such as plants,
animals. Biological science aim to understand at molecular level biochemical level to
organismal and population levels. It include branches like Biochemistry, cell biology,
computational Biology, Biophysics, Development biology, evolution, ecology, microbiology,
Molecular biology etc.,
Beginning in the 1960, when the women movement in 20th century was nearing its peak, woman
compaigned for and finally won equal right in education and employment . Instead of few
woman training to be teacher, nurse, female student in increase in number were now choosing
career in physics, chemistry, maths
Famous female scientists: Some greatest scientist of all the time were females who have made
important discoveries in a variety fields in science. Several of their contributions throughout
history have even surpassed those their male counterparts. List of famous female scientists below
are organized in order of popularity as given below:
1. Marie Curie (1867-1934)
Famous for: Work on radioactivity
Marie Curie was the first woman to won Noble prize and the only woman win this award in two
categories: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium and her work help
creation of X-rays
2. Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)
Famous for : Nerve growth studies
Rita levi-montalcini was neurobiologist who won noble prize in physiology in 1986 for her
findings in Nerve Growth Factor. She was first Noble laureate to live past her 100th birthday.
3. Lise Meitner ( 1878-1968)
Famous for : Work on Nuclear physics
Lise Meitner was a key member of discoveries of nuclear fission.
4. Maria Mitchell (1818 - 1889)
Famous for : Work on astronomy
She was the very first american woman to become professional astronomer. She discovered a
comet in 1847 that was named as Miss Mitchell Comet.
5. Elizabeth Blackburn (1948)
Famous for : Telomere (present at end of chromosomes)
Elizabeth Black won the noble prize in 2009 for her discovery of telomerase which is enzyme
which replenishes telomere
6. Gertrude B. Elion ( 1918-1919)
Famous for : Development of new drugs
She won joint winner of noble prize in physiology and medicine in 1988 , one of her notable
creations was the development of AIDS drug AZT.
7.Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)
Famous for : Research on DNA, RNA, graphite
She was a X-ray crystallographer and biophysictist whose work greatly contributed to revolved
x-ray diffraction images of DNA. Her worked result in finding DNA.
20 significantly Brave Leaders who contributed to Medicine | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
Many human pursuits depend on leadership to succeed. Sports, education, the arts, journalism, law, the military, and medicine may all attribute their success to the kind of leadership supplied.
Short biographies of 30 Women in Science, an expanded version of the Women in Science exhibit in the ISB Atrium at UMass Amherst, brought to you by the College of Natural Sciences Women in Science Initiative.
Study the Effect of Antioxidants and Oxidative Products and Their Genetic Eff...AnuragSingh1049
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication by restricted repetitive behavior, Blood samples were taken for 60 people with autism and 30 healthy people as a control group. Both groups ranged age from 3 to 8 years .The laboratory and genetic analysis, (GSH & MDA) analysis were performed by ELISA technique, while Vit. D was performed by I-chroma II technique .The genetic aspect; it has been using the DNA separation kit then used PCR device, after that using nanoscope analyzer to determine the concentration of DNA extracted after the special primers were used to determine the presence of genetic defect. The results were a significant decrease in level of (GSH & Vit.D), a significant increase in level of (MDA), the genetic part, allel has been identified suffering from a significant change of methionine synthase where there is a significant relationship between this protein and autism disorder.
Write a 1-2 page essay researching biological science and its famous.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Write a 1-2 page essay researching biological science and its famous female scientists and the
issues they encounter in this area of science including the following:
What is your understanding of biological science? What kind of research goes on in this area of
science and is it as male dominant as other areas of science?
Explore the critical issues faced by female scientists in this area of study and has the situation
changed in the last 50 years?
Solution
Biological Science: it is also termed as Biology, it is study of living organisms such as plants,
animals. Biological science aim to understand at molecular level biochemical level to
organismal and population levels. It include branches like Biochemistry, cell biology,
computational Biology, Biophysics, Development biology, evolution, ecology, microbiology,
Molecular biology etc.,
Beginning in the 1960, when the women movement in 20th century was nearing its peak, woman
compaigned for and finally won equal right in education and employment . Instead of few
woman training to be teacher, nurse, female student in increase in number were now choosing
career in physics, chemistry, maths
Famous female scientists: Some greatest scientist of all the time were females who have made
important discoveries in a variety fields in science. Several of their contributions throughout
history have even surpassed those their male counterparts. List of famous female scientists below
are organized in order of popularity as given below:
1. Marie Curie (1867-1934)
Famous for: Work on radioactivity
Marie Curie was the first woman to won Noble prize and the only woman win this award in two
categories: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium and her work help
creation of X-rays
2. Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)
Famous for : Nerve growth studies
Rita levi-montalcini was neurobiologist who won noble prize in physiology in 1986 for her
findings in Nerve Growth Factor. She was first Noble laureate to live past her 100th birthday.
3. Lise Meitner ( 1878-1968)
Famous for : Work on Nuclear physics
Lise Meitner was a key member of discoveries of nuclear fission.
4. Maria Mitchell (1818 - 1889)
Famous for : Work on astronomy
She was the very first american woman to become professional astronomer. She discovered a
comet in 1847 that was named as Miss Mitchell Comet.
5. Elizabeth Blackburn (1948)
Famous for : Telomere (present at end of chromosomes)
Elizabeth Black won the noble prize in 2009 for her discovery of telomerase which is enzyme
which replenishes telomere
6. Gertrude B. Elion ( 1918-1919)
Famous for : Development of new drugs
She won joint winner of noble prize in physiology and medicine in 1988 , one of her notable
creations was the development of AIDS drug AZT.
7.Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)
Famous for : Research on DNA, RNA, graphite
She was a X-ray crystallographer and biophysictist whose work greatly contributed to revolved
x-ray diffraction images of DNA. Her worked result in finding DNA.
20 significantly Brave Leaders who contributed to Medicine | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
Many human pursuits depend on leadership to succeed. Sports, education, the arts, journalism, law, the military, and medicine may all attribute their success to the kind of leadership supplied.
Maximum exploitation of existing human resources is possible by immediate engagement of women in
science. But, historically, scientific field is found to be male-dominated. Women empowerment
embraces the good quality education. Sensitizing and encouraging the women towards education
embracement enables them to set free from ignorance, poverty and starvation. Hence, education is
continuing as the most practicable avenue for women empowerment. Imparting science education to
the entire population expedites the accomplishment of scientific and technological progression. The
present article enlightens the efforts of Indian government and United Nations towards empowerment
of women through science education and research.
Using the Design Cycle to Create Interdisciplinary Project-based STEM Simulat...Angela DeHart
IB asks us to create a holistic learning environment that teaches students how to apply school-based lessons to the "real" world. As a matter of course math and science teachers often use FACS-based examples to illustrate their subject matter topics. What would happen if there was a focused cross-disciplinary approach to this process? What if the FACS, math and science department used the design cycle to reinforce the STEM concepts embedded in their subject matter?
From political leaders to inventors and trailblazers, women have long been making significant contributions to society, often without proper recognition. This book sheds light on the hidden history of these remarkable women and their victories, empowering readers with knowledge and inspiration. Delve into the pages and discover the stories of women who dared to dream big and made an impact on the world
Chamberlain College of NursingNR 449 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE.docxsleeperharwell
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR 449 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
CLASS SURVEY: HYPOTHETICAL DATA RESULTS – WEEK 6
(2 Pages)
1. What is your initial level of education in nursing?
a. High school 54.7%
b. Associate’s degree 23.1%
c. Baccalaureate degree 21.9%
d. Graduate degree 0.1%
2. If you hold an associate’s or baccalaureate degree, what was your prior degree in?
a. Medical-related degree or certificate 63.1%
b. Teaching 16.2%
c. Accounting 0 .7%
d. Business administration 1.2%
e. Other 18.8%
3. Do you have a prior healthcare occupation in any of these fields?
a. LPN 19.1%
b. CAN 63.0%
c. EMT/paramedics 11 1%
d. Pharmacy technician 0.3%
e. Surgical technician 3.7%
f. Dental hygiene 2.9%
g. Other 0.2%
4. What is your age?
Average age is 41 years
20–24
4.1%
25–29
3.6%
30–34
13.2%
35–39
15.5%
40–44
17.6%
45–49
28.0%
50–64
21.4%
65 and over
0.2%
5. What is your gender?
Male 7.5% Female 92.3%
6. What is your racial or ethnic background?
a. Hispanic (of any race) 3.0%
b. American Indian or Alaska Native 0.5%
c. Asian 2.5%
d. Black or African-American 15.8%
e. Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 0.2%
f. White 69.1%
g. Race or ethnicity unknown 8.6%
7. What is your family status?
a. Married 70.5%
b. Widowed, divorced, or separated 18.1%
c. Never married 9.2%
8. Do you have children?
a. No children 56.2%
b. One child 24.9%
c. Two children 11.5%
d. Three or more children 5.6%
9. What is the time zone where you live?
a. Eastern 34%
b. Central 29%
c. Mountain 19%
d. Pacific 18%
10. Do you own your residence?
a. Yes 61%
b. No 39%
11. Please indicate how prepared you felt to enter nursing school.
a. Extremely prepared 15%
b. Prepared 37%
c. Neither prepared or unprepared 28%
d. Prepared 15%
e. Extremely unprepared 5%
12. Why did you decide to pursue a baccalaureate degree in nursing?
Themes from respondents
· Desire to help others
· Lifelong dream
· Ability to advance
· Availability of jobs
· Earning potential
· Loss of previous job
Class Survey: Hypothetical Data Results. Wk 6.docx
revised 8/1/01 nlh
Page 2
Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise
WISE USE: WHAT DO WE BELIEVE?
HOME ISSUES OPPOSITION PROJECTS DEFENDERS WISE USE BOOKSTORE ARCHIVE
The following essay by Ron Arnold is regarded by many as the seminal expression of the ideas that have
evolved into the richly diverse wise use movement.
Overcoming Ideology
by Ron Arnold
From A Wolf in the Garden : The Land Rights Movement and the New Environmental Debate
Edited by Philip D. Brick and R. McGreggor Cawley, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., Lanham,
Maryland, 1996 ISBN 0847681858
It was 1964, the year of the Wilderness Act. Historian Leo Marx began his classic, The Mach.
ETHICS IN BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH CHP. 3LEARNING OBJECTIVES· Sum.docxSANSKAR20
ETHICS IN BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH CHP. 3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
· Summarize Milgram's obedience experiment.
· Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.
· Define deception and discuss the ethical issues surrounding its use in research.
· List the information contained in an informed consent form.
· Discuss potential problems in obtaining informed consent.
· Describe the purpose of debriefing research participants.
· Describe the function of an Institutional Review Board.
· Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.
· Summarize the ethical principles in the APA Ethics Code concerning research with human participants.
· Summarize the ethical issues concerning research with nonhuman animals.
· Discuss how potential risks and benefits of research are evaluated.
· Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.
· Define plagiarism and describe how to avoid plagiarism.
Page 44ETHICAL PRACTICE IS FUNDAMENTAL TO THE CONCEPTUALIZATION, PLANNING, EXECUTION, AND EVALUATION OF RESEARCH. Researchers who do not consider the ethical implications of their projects risk harming individuals, communities, and behavioral science. This chapter provides an historical overview of ethics in behavioral research, reviews core ethical principles for researchers, describes relevant institutional structures that protect research participants, and concludes with a discussion of what it means to be an ethical researcher.
MILGRAM'S OBEDIENCE EXPERIMENT
Stanley Milgram conducted a series of studies (1963, 1964, 1965) to study obedience to authority. He placed an ad in the local newspaper in New Haven, Connecticut, offering a small stipend to men to participate in a “scientific study of memory and learning” being conducted at Yale University. The volunteers reported to Milgram's laboratory at Yale, where they met a scientist dressed in a white lab coat and another volunteer in the study, a middle-aged man named “Mr. Wallace.” Mr. Wallace was actually a confederate (i.e., accomplice) of the experimenter, but the participants did not know this. The scientist explained that the study would examine the effects of punishment on learning. One person would be a “teacher” who would administer the punishment, and the other would be the “learner.” Mr. Wallace and the volunteer participant then drew slips of paper to determine who would be the teacher and who would be the learner. The drawing was rigged, however—Mr. Wallace was always the learner and the volunteer was always the teacher.
The scientist attached electrodes to Mr. Wallace and placed the teacher in front of an impressive-looking shock machine. The shock machine had a series of levers that, the individual was told, when pressed would deliver shocks to Mr. Wallace. The first lever was labeled 15 volts, the second 30 volts, the third 45 volts, and so on up to 450 volts ...
Women In Technology Day @ DERI, Galway, ireland.
Raising awareness on the gender gap in Technology: why we should care about it, which are the current causes and which have been the past ones.
HCM 3304, Principles of Epidemiology 1 Course Learn.docxaryan532920
HCM 3304, Principles of Epidemiology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
11. Describe the importance of epidemiology for local, state, national, and international health policy-
making.
11.1 Explain the role of epidemiology in disease prevention, and contrast two possible strategies for
such preventive efforts.
11.2 Describe risk assessment and discuss the role of epidemiology in such assessments.
11.3 Discuss how epidemiology can shape public policy through the courts.
11.4 Explain the role of meta-analysis as a tool for summarizing epidemiologic evidence and
creating public policy.
12. Articulate the key ethical issues which are associated with epidemiology and the use of
epidemiological data today.
12.1 Consider how privacy and confidentiality of health records are protected in epidemiological
studies.
12.2 Describe the scientific and ethical implications of classifying race and ethnicity in epidemiologic
studies.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 19:
Epidemiology and Public Policy
Chapter 20:
Ethical and Professional Issues in Epidemiology
Unit Lesson
Crossing the Ethical Line in Epidemiology – The Tuskegee Experiment
Certainly one of the world’s leading professional organizations in community health is the American College of
Epidemiology (ACE). Founded in 1979, ACE is involved in formal education of epidemiologists, continuing
education conferences, setting of professional standards, and also establishing ethical guidelines for practice.
That last piece is where we will focus in the Unit VIII lecture. This is so important because the opportunity
exists for epidemiologists to step over the ethical line while trying to prove their point about a particular cause
of disease, a particular natural history of disease, or a particular form of treatment (ACE, 2014).
Conflict - Research and Ethics
Perhaps you have by now heard of the Tuskegee Experiment, an example of truly horrible research ethics
that will hopefully be remembered for a long time, and which will hopefully cause modern medical researchers
to think twice about how they treat the subjects in their studies. What really happened?
UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
The Epidemiology Profession
HCM 3304, Principles of Epidemiology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
The United States Public Health Service designed and performed a study of syphilis beginning in 1932 and
ending in 1972. The study included 600 black men, and 399 of them were positive for late stage syphilis.
Participants in this study were promised free medical care, and were told that they were being treated for "bad
blood." These poor and uneducated subjects were evaluated to learn about the effects of syphilis on black
people. At the time, medical professionals held a theory that white people were affected neurologically by
syphilis, whereas, black people suffered only cardiovascular effects ...
From the mid-nineteenth century into the fi rst part of the
twentieth century, most homeopathic medical schools
welcomed women into their ranks. Several graduates
went on to shape society by promoting women’s enfranchisement;
creating welfare services; establishing women’s
medical schools, hospitals, and free clinics; and
elevating the standards of medical education. They played
a key role in the empowerment of women. Some of these
gains were rolled back in the twentieth century as medicine
again became a male-dominated profession for several
decades, but others were more enduring. The
infl uence of these homeopathic women was felt not only
in the United States but also in other countries such as
Canada and Brazil.
Even today, in technologically advanced countries, the
battle for equal opportunity for women in medicine continues
to be waged [ 75 ]. Many of the women in this chapter
are reminders of homeopathy’s contributions on a
broad social front to progress in medicine. Much came
from their determination, vision, boldness, and civic
responsibility.
Electrochemical study of anatase TiO2 in aqueous sodium-ion electrolytesRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
In this paper, a basic electro-analytical study on the behavior of anatase TiO2 in aqueous NaOH has been presented using cyclic voltammetry technique (CV). The study has explored the possibility of using TiO2 as anode material for ARSBs in presence of 5 M NaOH aqueous electrolyte. CV profiles show that anatase TiO2 exhibits reversible sodium ion insertion/de-insertion reactions. CV studies of TiO2 anode in aqueous sodium electrolytes at different scan rate shows that the Na+ ion insertion reaction at the electrode is diffusion controlled with a resistive behavior. Proton insertion from aqueous sodium electrolytes into TiO2 cannot be ruled out. To confirm the ion inserted and de-inserted, CV studies are done at different concentration of NaOH and it is found that at lower concentrations of NaOH, proton insertion process competes with Na+ ion insertion process and as the concentration increases, the Na+ ion insertion process becomes the predominant electrode reaction making it suitable anode materials for aqueous sodium batteries in 5 M NaOH.
Validated HPLC Method for Assay and Content Uniformity Testing of Roflumilast...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Roflumilast is a selective enzyme inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4. This drug is recommended for treatment of patients suffering from
chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease with chronic-bronchitis. Roflumilast is not official in pharmacopoeia and the reported methods
are having high chromatographic run times. A short run time HPLC method was developed for assay and content uniformity testing to
determine the roflumilast in blend and tablets. The mobile phase consists of 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate buffer
and acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55 v/v. The HPLC method was developed using accucore-C18 150 × 4.6 mm, 4 μm column with a flow
rate of 1.0 mL min-1, 215 nm wavelength and 10 μL injection volume with run time of 5 min. The method linearity was proved between
5.02-40.17 μg mL-1 and obtained correlation-coefficient value is 1.0000. The mean recovery of roflumilast was 100.6%. The stability
indicating nature was established and performed the validation by considering ICH Q2 (R1) recommendations.
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Maximum exploitation of existing human resources is possible by immediate engagement of women in
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embraces the good quality education. Sensitizing and encouraging the women towards education
embracement enables them to set free from ignorance, poverty and starvation. Hence, education is
continuing as the most practicable avenue for women empowerment. Imparting science education to
the entire population expedites the accomplishment of scientific and technological progression. The
present article enlightens the efforts of Indian government and United Nations towards empowerment
of women through science education and research.
Using the Design Cycle to Create Interdisciplinary Project-based STEM Simulat...Angela DeHart
IB asks us to create a holistic learning environment that teaches students how to apply school-based lessons to the "real" world. As a matter of course math and science teachers often use FACS-based examples to illustrate their subject matter topics. What would happen if there was a focused cross-disciplinary approach to this process? What if the FACS, math and science department used the design cycle to reinforce the STEM concepts embedded in their subject matter?
From political leaders to inventors and trailblazers, women have long been making significant contributions to society, often without proper recognition. This book sheds light on the hidden history of these remarkable women and their victories, empowering readers with knowledge and inspiration. Delve into the pages and discover the stories of women who dared to dream big and made an impact on the world
Chamberlain College of NursingNR 449 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE.docxsleeperharwell
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR 449 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
CLASS SURVEY: HYPOTHETICAL DATA RESULTS – WEEK 6
(2 Pages)
1. What is your initial level of education in nursing?
a. High school 54.7%
b. Associate’s degree 23.1%
c. Baccalaureate degree 21.9%
d. Graduate degree 0.1%
2. If you hold an associate’s or baccalaureate degree, what was your prior degree in?
a. Medical-related degree or certificate 63.1%
b. Teaching 16.2%
c. Accounting 0 .7%
d. Business administration 1.2%
e. Other 18.8%
3. Do you have a prior healthcare occupation in any of these fields?
a. LPN 19.1%
b. CAN 63.0%
c. EMT/paramedics 11 1%
d. Pharmacy technician 0.3%
e. Surgical technician 3.7%
f. Dental hygiene 2.9%
g. Other 0.2%
4. What is your age?
Average age is 41 years
20–24
4.1%
25–29
3.6%
30–34
13.2%
35–39
15.5%
40–44
17.6%
45–49
28.0%
50–64
21.4%
65 and over
0.2%
5. What is your gender?
Male 7.5% Female 92.3%
6. What is your racial or ethnic background?
a. Hispanic (of any race) 3.0%
b. American Indian or Alaska Native 0.5%
c. Asian 2.5%
d. Black or African-American 15.8%
e. Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 0.2%
f. White 69.1%
g. Race or ethnicity unknown 8.6%
7. What is your family status?
a. Married 70.5%
b. Widowed, divorced, or separated 18.1%
c. Never married 9.2%
8. Do you have children?
a. No children 56.2%
b. One child 24.9%
c. Two children 11.5%
d. Three or more children 5.6%
9. What is the time zone where you live?
a. Eastern 34%
b. Central 29%
c. Mountain 19%
d. Pacific 18%
10. Do you own your residence?
a. Yes 61%
b. No 39%
11. Please indicate how prepared you felt to enter nursing school.
a. Extremely prepared 15%
b. Prepared 37%
c. Neither prepared or unprepared 28%
d. Prepared 15%
e. Extremely unprepared 5%
12. Why did you decide to pursue a baccalaureate degree in nursing?
Themes from respondents
· Desire to help others
· Lifelong dream
· Ability to advance
· Availability of jobs
· Earning potential
· Loss of previous job
Class Survey: Hypothetical Data Results. Wk 6.docx
revised 8/1/01 nlh
Page 2
Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise
WISE USE: WHAT DO WE BELIEVE?
HOME ISSUES OPPOSITION PROJECTS DEFENDERS WISE USE BOOKSTORE ARCHIVE
The following essay by Ron Arnold is regarded by many as the seminal expression of the ideas that have
evolved into the richly diverse wise use movement.
Overcoming Ideology
by Ron Arnold
From A Wolf in the Garden : The Land Rights Movement and the New Environmental Debate
Edited by Philip D. Brick and R. McGreggor Cawley, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., Lanham,
Maryland, 1996 ISBN 0847681858
It was 1964, the year of the Wilderness Act. Historian Leo Marx began his classic, The Mach.
ETHICS IN BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH CHP. 3LEARNING OBJECTIVES· Sum.docxSANSKAR20
ETHICS IN BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH CHP. 3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
· Summarize Milgram's obedience experiment.
· Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.
· Define deception and discuss the ethical issues surrounding its use in research.
· List the information contained in an informed consent form.
· Discuss potential problems in obtaining informed consent.
· Describe the purpose of debriefing research participants.
· Describe the function of an Institutional Review Board.
· Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.
· Summarize the ethical principles in the APA Ethics Code concerning research with human participants.
· Summarize the ethical issues concerning research with nonhuman animals.
· Discuss how potential risks and benefits of research are evaluated.
· Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.
· Define plagiarism and describe how to avoid plagiarism.
Page 44ETHICAL PRACTICE IS FUNDAMENTAL TO THE CONCEPTUALIZATION, PLANNING, EXECUTION, AND EVALUATION OF RESEARCH. Researchers who do not consider the ethical implications of their projects risk harming individuals, communities, and behavioral science. This chapter provides an historical overview of ethics in behavioral research, reviews core ethical principles for researchers, describes relevant institutional structures that protect research participants, and concludes with a discussion of what it means to be an ethical researcher.
MILGRAM'S OBEDIENCE EXPERIMENT
Stanley Milgram conducted a series of studies (1963, 1964, 1965) to study obedience to authority. He placed an ad in the local newspaper in New Haven, Connecticut, offering a small stipend to men to participate in a “scientific study of memory and learning” being conducted at Yale University. The volunteers reported to Milgram's laboratory at Yale, where they met a scientist dressed in a white lab coat and another volunteer in the study, a middle-aged man named “Mr. Wallace.” Mr. Wallace was actually a confederate (i.e., accomplice) of the experimenter, but the participants did not know this. The scientist explained that the study would examine the effects of punishment on learning. One person would be a “teacher” who would administer the punishment, and the other would be the “learner.” Mr. Wallace and the volunteer participant then drew slips of paper to determine who would be the teacher and who would be the learner. The drawing was rigged, however—Mr. Wallace was always the learner and the volunteer was always the teacher.
The scientist attached electrodes to Mr. Wallace and placed the teacher in front of an impressive-looking shock machine. The shock machine had a series of levers that, the individual was told, when pressed would deliver shocks to Mr. Wallace. The first lever was labeled 15 volts, the second 30 volts, the third 45 volts, and so on up to 450 volts ...
Women In Technology Day @ DERI, Galway, ireland.
Raising awareness on the gender gap in Technology: why we should care about it, which are the current causes and which have been the past ones.
HCM 3304, Principles of Epidemiology 1 Course Learn.docxaryan532920
HCM 3304, Principles of Epidemiology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
11. Describe the importance of epidemiology for local, state, national, and international health policy-
making.
11.1 Explain the role of epidemiology in disease prevention, and contrast two possible strategies for
such preventive efforts.
11.2 Describe risk assessment and discuss the role of epidemiology in such assessments.
11.3 Discuss how epidemiology can shape public policy through the courts.
11.4 Explain the role of meta-analysis as a tool for summarizing epidemiologic evidence and
creating public policy.
12. Articulate the key ethical issues which are associated with epidemiology and the use of
epidemiological data today.
12.1 Consider how privacy and confidentiality of health records are protected in epidemiological
studies.
12.2 Describe the scientific and ethical implications of classifying race and ethnicity in epidemiologic
studies.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 19:
Epidemiology and Public Policy
Chapter 20:
Ethical and Professional Issues in Epidemiology
Unit Lesson
Crossing the Ethical Line in Epidemiology – The Tuskegee Experiment
Certainly one of the world’s leading professional organizations in community health is the American College of
Epidemiology (ACE). Founded in 1979, ACE is involved in formal education of epidemiologists, continuing
education conferences, setting of professional standards, and also establishing ethical guidelines for practice.
That last piece is where we will focus in the Unit VIII lecture. This is so important because the opportunity
exists for epidemiologists to step over the ethical line while trying to prove their point about a particular cause
of disease, a particular natural history of disease, or a particular form of treatment (ACE, 2014).
Conflict - Research and Ethics
Perhaps you have by now heard of the Tuskegee Experiment, an example of truly horrible research ethics
that will hopefully be remembered for a long time, and which will hopefully cause modern medical researchers
to think twice about how they treat the subjects in their studies. What really happened?
UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
The Epidemiology Profession
HCM 3304, Principles of Epidemiology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
The United States Public Health Service designed and performed a study of syphilis beginning in 1932 and
ending in 1972. The study included 600 black men, and 399 of them were positive for late stage syphilis.
Participants in this study were promised free medical care, and were told that they were being treated for "bad
blood." These poor and uneducated subjects were evaluated to learn about the effects of syphilis on black
people. At the time, medical professionals held a theory that white people were affected neurologically by
syphilis, whereas, black people suffered only cardiovascular effects ...
From the mid-nineteenth century into the fi rst part of the
twentieth century, most homeopathic medical schools
welcomed women into their ranks. Several graduates
went on to shape society by promoting women’s enfranchisement;
creating welfare services; establishing women’s
medical schools, hospitals, and free clinics; and
elevating the standards of medical education. They played
a key role in the empowerment of women. Some of these
gains were rolled back in the twentieth century as medicine
again became a male-dominated profession for several
decades, but others were more enduring. The
infl uence of these homeopathic women was felt not only
in the United States but also in other countries such as
Canada and Brazil.
Even today, in technologically advanced countries, the
battle for equal opportunity for women in medicine continues
to be waged [ 75 ]. Many of the women in this chapter
are reminders of homeopathy’s contributions on a
broad social front to progress in medicine. Much came
from their determination, vision, boldness, and civic
responsibility.
Electrochemical study of anatase TiO2 in aqueous sodium-ion electrolytesRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
In this paper, a basic electro-analytical study on the behavior of anatase TiO2 in aqueous NaOH has been presented using cyclic voltammetry technique (CV). The study has explored the possibility of using TiO2 as anode material for ARSBs in presence of 5 M NaOH aqueous electrolyte. CV profiles show that anatase TiO2 exhibits reversible sodium ion insertion/de-insertion reactions. CV studies of TiO2 anode in aqueous sodium electrolytes at different scan rate shows that the Na+ ion insertion reaction at the electrode is diffusion controlled with a resistive behavior. Proton insertion from aqueous sodium electrolytes into TiO2 cannot be ruled out. To confirm the ion inserted and de-inserted, CV studies are done at different concentration of NaOH and it is found that at lower concentrations of NaOH, proton insertion process competes with Na+ ion insertion process and as the concentration increases, the Na+ ion insertion process becomes the predominant electrode reaction making it suitable anode materials for aqueous sodium batteries in 5 M NaOH.
Validated HPLC Method for Assay and Content Uniformity Testing of Roflumilast...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Roflumilast is a selective enzyme inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4. This drug is recommended for treatment of patients suffering from
chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease with chronic-bronchitis. Roflumilast is not official in pharmacopoeia and the reported methods
are having high chromatographic run times. A short run time HPLC method was developed for assay and content uniformity testing to
determine the roflumilast in blend and tablets. The mobile phase consists of 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate buffer
and acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55 v/v. The HPLC method was developed using accucore-C18 150 × 4.6 mm, 4 μm column with a flow
rate of 1.0 mL min-1, 215 nm wavelength and 10 μL injection volume with run time of 5 min. The method linearity was proved between
5.02-40.17 μg mL-1 and obtained correlation-coefficient value is 1.0000. The mean recovery of roflumilast was 100.6%. The stability
indicating nature was established and performed the validation by considering ICH Q2 (R1) recommendations.
Substrate Inhibition in Ruthenium(III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Propane-1,3-dio...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of propane-1,3-diol by potassium periodate was studied in aqueous perchloric acid medium. Orders
of reaction with respect to concentrations of oxidant, substrate, acid and catalyst were determined. First order in oxidant and catalyst
concentrations, and inverse fractional order in acid medium were observed. In addition, substrate inhibition (i.e. a decrease in reaction rate
with an increase in substrate concentration) was observed. Effect of addition of salt and solvent was studied. Based on the studies of
temperature variation, Arrhenius parameters were calculated. Plausible mechanism was also proposed based on observed kinetics.
Ruthenium(III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Sugar Alcohols by Dichloroisocyanuric A...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Kinetics of ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of biologically important sugar alcohols (myo-inositol,
D-sorbitol, and D-mannitol) by dichloroisocyanuric acid was carried out in aqueous acetic acid—perchloric
medium. The reactions were found to be first order in case of oxidant and ruthenium(III). Zero order
was observed with the concentrations of sorbitol and mannitol whereas, a positive fractional order was found
in the case of inositol concentration. An inverse fractional order was observed with perchloric acid in oxidation
of three substrates. Arrhenius parameters were calculated and a plausible mechanism was proposed
Shift of Reaction Pathway by Added Chloride Ions in the Oxidation of Aromatic...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Role of added chloride ions on the shift of reaction pathway of oxidation of aromatic ketones (acetophenone,
desoxybenzoin) by dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCICA) was studied in aqueous acetic acid—perchloric
acid medium. Participation of enolic and protonated forms of ketones in the rate determining steps is
manifested from zero and first orders with respect to the oxidant in absence and presence of added chloride
ions, respectively. Positive and negative effects of acid and dielectric constant on the reaction rate were
observed. The observations deduce plausible mechanisms involving (i) rate-determining formation of enol
from the conjugate acid of the ketone (SH+) in the absence of added chloride ions and (ii) rapid formation of
molecular chlorine species from HOCl (hydrolytic species of DCICA) in the presence of added chloride ions,
which then interacts with SH+ in a rate-determining step prior to the rapid steps of product formation. The
order of Arrhenius parameters substantiate the proposed plausible mechanisms based on order of reactants
both in presence and absence of added chloride ions.
Kinetics of Ruthenium(III) Catalyzed and Uncatalyzed Oxidation of Monoethanol...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Kinetics of uncatalyzed and ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of monoethanolamine by N-bromosuccinimide
(NBS) has been studied in an aqueous acetic acid medium in the presence of sodium acetate
and perchloric acid, respectively. In the uncatalyzed oxidation the kinetic orders are: the first order in NBS,
a fractional order in the substrate. The rate of the reaction increased with an increase in the sodium acetate
concentration and decreased with an increase in the perchloric acid concentration. This indicates that free
amine molecules are the reactive species. Addition of halide ions results in a decrease in the kinetic rate,
which is noteworthy. Both in absence and presence of a catalyst, a decrease in the dielectric constant of the
medium decreases the kinetic rate pointing out that these are dipole—dipole reactions. A relatively higher
oxidation state of ruthenium i.e., Ru(V) was found to be the active species in Ru(III) catalyzed reactions. A
suitable mechanism consistent with the observations has been proposed and a rate law has been derived to
explain the kinetic orders.
A novel reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous det...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
In the present study 12 impurities of bisoprolol fumarate (BISO) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) were
separated simultaneously in a single HPLC method. Out of these 12 impurities, five are potential
degradants, which are validated as per The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical
Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. As the two active drug substances
BISO and HCTZ have different solubilities and polarities, the most critical parameters in resolving the
components from each other are pH, temperature, and solvents. The method is precise (RSD < 1.0%),
accurate, linear (r2 > 0.999), robust, and stability indicating in the range of limit of quantification (LOQ)
to 150%. The HPLC method is then migrated to ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to
further reduce the run time and solvent consumption, and increase the sample throughput
The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) against first-line drugs and extensively drug resistant TB (XDRTB)
due to misuse of second-line anti tubercular drugs (ATDs) is a further concern. Recommended treatment involves
long term and multiple drug therapy with severe side effects. Due to this concern nanoparticle-based systems
have significant potential for treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB) to overcome the need to administer
ATDs at high and frequent doses, would assist in improving patient compliance and circumvent hepatotoxic ity
and/or nephrotoxicity/ocular toxicity/ototoxicity associated with the prevalent first-line chemotherapy.
Nanostructured delivery systems constitute a wide range of systems varying from liposomes, micelles, micro- and
nanoemulsions, to polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs ) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Pulmonary administration
of inhaled nanoparticles in the form of dry powder inhalers offer particular advantages for pulmonary administration
of anti tubercular drugs (ATDs). Present review comprehensively about different approaches of nanobased
drug delivery, devises and techniques for pulmonary delivery of nanoparticle encapsulated ATD.
Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamics investigation on adsorption of divalent ...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Three novel and distinct agricultural waste materials, viz., Casuarinas fruit powder (CFP), sorghum stem powder
(SSP) and banana stem powder (BSP) were used as low cost adsorbents for the removal of toxic copper(II) from
aqueous solutions. Acid treated adsorbents were characterized by SEM, EDX and FTIR. Different factors effecting
adsorption capacity were analyzed and the effi ciency order was BSP>SSP>CFP. Based on the extent of compatibility
to Freundlich/Langmuir/D-R/Temkin adsorption isotherm and different models (pseudo-fi rst and second order,
Boyd, Weber’s and Elovich), chemisorption primarily involved in the case of CFP and SSP, whereas, simultaneous
occurrence of chemisorption and physisorption was proposed in the case of BSP. Based on the observations, it was
proposed that three kinetic stages involve in adsorption process viz., diffusion of sorbate to sorbent, intra particle
diffusion and then establishment of equilibrium. These adsorbents have promising role towards removal of Cu(II)
from industrial wastewater to contribute environmental protection.
Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies on removal of hexavalent chrom...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Removal of Cr(VI) by biosorption on two agro waste materials, casuarinas fruit powder (CFP) and sorghum
stem powder (SSP), has been investigated. The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by SEM, EDX,
FTIR and BET. These biomaterials effectively removed Cr(VI) with a maximum removal of 93.35% and 63.75% using
15 gL−1 and 5 gL−1 of CFP and SSP, respectively, at 60 oC with 20mgL−1 initial Cr(VI) concentration in solution. In both
cases of adsorbents, kinetic data of adsorption fitted well in pseudo-second-order in terms of correlation coefficient
(R2). This helps in proposing the process of adsorption as chemical coordination, which is correlated with the thermodynamic
study results conducted at different values of temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R models were evaluated
for description of metal sorption isotherms. Values of coefficients of intra-particle diffusion and mass transfer have
also been determined at different values of temperature.
Novel coumarin isoxazoline derivatives: Synthesis and study of antibacterial ...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
A highly efficient and mild protocol for the syntheses of ethyl-3-
[7-benzyloxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-8-chromenyl]-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-4-
isoxazole carboxylates and ethyl-3-[7-benzyloxy-3-chloro-4-methyl-2-
oxo-2H-8-chromenyl]-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-4-isoxazole carboxylates in
good yields via [3 þ 2] cycloaddition of in situ–generated nitrile
oxides from 7-benzyloxy-4-methyl-coumarin hydroxymoylchlorides
and 7-benzyloxy-3-chloro-4-methyl-coumarin hydroxymoylchlorides
respectively with ethyl-3-aryl prop-2-enoate has been developed.
The new compounds are screened for antibacterial activity.
Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantificati...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Plerixafor (PLX) injections are administered to patients with cancers of lymphocytes
(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) and plasma cells (multiple myeloma). The main
objective of the current study was to develop a short reverse phase chromatographic
method for the simultaneous quantification of PLX and its impurities, in an injection
formulation, to reduce the time required for these quality tests. Furthermore, the
present work describes the role of nonalkyl branched nonquaternary ion pair reagent
in improving the peak shape and reducing column equilibration time. The separation
of PLX and its related substances is pH dependent (optimum pH = 2.50) and was
achieved on an octadecylsilyl (C18) column. The method was validated for its intended
purpose in accordance with the current regulatory guidelines for validation. The
proposed method can be applied for quality control, release, and stability analyses of
active pharmaceutical ingredient, PLX, as well as finished products, PLX injections
Caralluma lasiantha: A review on it’s vital role in Indian Traditional MedicineRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
Caralluma is a genus used as traditional medicine. Caralluma lasiantha is medicinally important due
to existence of pregnane glycosides, which may possess various biological activities. This article thoroughly
reviewed about the usage of C. lasiantha in traditional medicinal system, phytochemicals present in it, profile
identification studies, anti-hyperglycemic effect, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities
Phytochemical Investigation of Caralluma lasiantha: Isolation of Stigmasterol...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Stigmasterol, a phytosteroid was isolated for the first time from C. lasiantha using n-hexane as a solvent. Stigmasterol was characterized on the basis of physical, chemical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1HNMR, DEPT-45, 90 & 135, and MS) analysis as well as by comparing them to their literature data. A sequence of steps was adopted like saponification, fractional crystallization and gradient elution column chromatography to isolate stigmasterol because some phytosterols possess identical physical properties which makes it difficult to isolate the constituents.
Phytochemical Screening of Caralluma lasiantha Isolation of C21 Pregnane SteroidRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
Phytochemical screening of Caralluma lasiantha was carried out and one C21 pregnane steroid was isolated from chloroform extract. Based on spectroscopic studies (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS) the isolated compound is 3b,14b-dihydroxy-14b-pregn-5-en-20-one which was earlier isolated from other species.
Supercritical fluid (CO2) chromatography for quantitative determination of se...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
In the present study, two cancer therapeutic drugs (docetaxel and bortezomib) were separated from their
potential impurities on a chromatographic platform by utilizing CO2 gas (supercritical state) and quantified.
The chromatographic separations were achieved on two short columns BEH-2EP (100mm 3mm, 1.7 mm)
and CHIRALPAK AD-3 (100 mm 4.6 mm, 3 mm) for docetaxel and bortezomib, respectively. The present
work describes the role of organic modifiers in the separation of polar compounds by supercritical fluid
chromatography. The two new methods were fully validated in accordance with the current ICH
(International Council for Harmonization of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use)
guidelines. The stability indicating power of the methods was demonstrated from the stress studies
conducted on the injection formulations of the two compounds. The methods are precise with % RSD of
0.4, linear with the correlation coefficient of r2 $ 0.999 and accurate in the range of 50–150% of the
target assay concentration. The two methods can be equally employed for the assay determination of
docetaxel and bortezomib APIs as well.
Quality-by-design-based development and validation of a stability-indicating ...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
A systematic design-of-experiments was performed by applying quality-by-design concepts to determine
design space for rapid quantification of teriflunomide by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography
(UPLC) method in the presence of degradation products. Response surface and central composite
quadratic were used for statistical evaluation of experimental data using a Design-Expert software. The
response variables such as resolution, retention time, and peak tailing were analyzed statistically for the
screening of suitable chromatographic conditions. During this process, various plots such as perturbation,
contour, 3D, and design space were studied. The method was developed through UPLC BEH C18
2.1 � 100 mm, 1.7-μ column, mobile phase comprised of buffer (5 mM K2HPO4 containing 0.1%
triethylamine, pH 6.8), and acetonitrile (40:60 v/v), the flow rate of 0.5 mL min 1 and UV detection at
250 nm. The method was developed with a short run time of 1 min. Forced degradation studies revealed
that the method was stability-indicating, suitable for both assay and in-vitro dissolution of a drug product.
The method was found to be linear in the range of 28–84 μg mL 1, 2.8–22.7 μg mL 1 with a correlation
coefficient of 0.9999 and 1.000 for assay and dissolution, respectively. The recovery values were found in
the range of 100.1–101.7%. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines.
A convenient new and efficient commercial synthetic route for dasatinib (Spry...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
A new and efficient synthetic route for dual-Src/Abl kinase inhibitor
dasatinib (Sprycel®), an anticancer drug, is described. This commercially
viable process yields dasatinib monohydrate free of potential impurities
with consistent yield of 68% in route A and 61% in route B with HPLC
purity >99.80% over four stages.
Utilization of agro-waste for removal of toxic hexavalent chromium: surface i...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Abundantly available agricultural waste materials
(banana bunch, sorghum stem and casuarinas fruit) are
processed with negligible cost and are found to be highly
suitable as biosorbents for chromium(VI) removal from
aqueous environment due to high surface area and functional
groups of adsorbents. The equilibrium data have
been analyzed for the adsorbate–adsorbate/adsorbent
interactions and found to be fitted to the data in the order,
Hill–de Boer C Fowler–Guggenheim % Frumkin[Kiselev.
To determine the characteristic parameters for process
design, mass transfer studies have been carried out using
two-parameter isotherm models (Harkins–Jura, Halsey,
Smith, El-Awady and Flory–Huggins) and three-parameter
isotherm models (Redlich–Peterson and Sips) which are
applied to the experimental data. The fitness of the isotherms
describes that both mono- and multilayer adsorptions
occur in the present studied three biosorbents in
preference to the latter. The mechanism of adsorption has
been studied using diffusion kinetic models (viz. liquid film
diffusion, Dunwald–Wagner intra-particle diffusion model
and moving boundary model) and described the possibility
of diffusion in the order of banana bunch–stem powder[
sorghum stem powder[casuarinas fruit powder in
terms of diffusion coefficients. In essence of all the results,
the selected adsorbents can be used as a potential adsorbent
for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.
Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity of Caralluma lasiantha for scie...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Caralluma lasiantha is used as a traditional medicine in India to heal body
heat and inflammations. In order to find out a scientific validation for the Indian
traditional knowledge, antibacterial activity of C. lasiantha extracts was studied
against inflammation causing bacteria (viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,
Streptococcus Sp., Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae)
along with other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Solvents with different
polarity were used for extraction from dry roots and stems. Minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MIC) were also studied. Differential antibacterial activity was
exhibited by extracts and higher inhibition potential against Gram-positive bacteria
was explained. The observed antibacterial activities were correlated with the chemical
structures of phytochemicals present in C. lasiantha. Anti-inflammation activities
are related to C. lasiantha extracts through their antibacterial activities.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. Women Empowerment - Awakening of a New Era
189
Synergetic Role of Chemistry in Women’s Success
M. Sireesha
Division of Chemistry, VFSTR Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi
Email: sireesha_malladi@yahoo.co.in
Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
GITAM Deemed to be University, Bengaluru Campus, Bengaluru
Email: doctornadh@yahoo.co.in
H. Manjunatha
GITAM Deemed to be University, Bengaluru Campus, Bengaluru
ABSTRACT
Development and growth of a nation is determined by the effective utilization of human resources,
both male and female. Though, female category is about half of world’s population, they are
underrepresented in most of the sectors. Chemistry is playing a synergetic role in shifting the
equilibrium towards the women’s success. It is the social responsibility to eradicate the gender bias in
chemical related fields (academic, professional, industrial, and research). The mean and methods for
the same are discussed in the present article.
Keywords: Chemistry, Gender Bias, Social Responsibility, Women Empowerment,
INTRODUCTION
As women number occupies half of the population, encouraging their abilities and brain-power makes
the usage of these precious human resources, which is essential for the growth of technological and
scientific fields [1]. Only 20 Nobel Prizes were given to women out of the 607 in sciences. Five, three
and twelve were the number of awards in Chemistry, Physics and Medicine / Physiology respectively.
Noble prize winners in Chemistry are Marie Sklodowska Curie (1911); Irene Joliot-Curie (1935);
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1964); Ada E. Yonath (2009); Frances H. Arnold (2018) [2]. At present,
women‘s share in chemistry doctoral degrees per year is about 40% [3]. This article discuss about
impact of society on women chemists, support to women in chemical education, women role models,
recognition and awards to women chemists, importance of mentoring to women chemists and
supportive measures from Governments and NGO’s.
SOCIETY IMPACT
Scarcity of successful women chemists might be due to two reasons. One of it is the influence of
societal training on them which confines attainments in a scientific profession. Unconsciously, societal
training assigns the implicit goals for women like seeking out safety, acceptance and affection rather
than success. It indirectly makes and propagates the women as acquiescent, non-assertive and non-
competitive. Another reason is outdoor hindrances (i.e., overt and covert discrimination). It mitigates
the chances of women achievement in competitive arenas [4].
Women must be trained for competitors and risk takers which lead them to success in chemistry.
Hidden barricades are lying on the women progression path due to unspoken gender favouritism and /
or discrimination or harassment in society in general, in educational / professional communities, in
openings for career progress, in networking in operational conditions and guidelines, and financing
opportunities [5]. Inspite of the societal barricades, some of the women were able to give their foot
prints in the chemical field [6] (Table 1).
Table-1: Pioneering Women Chemists and their Contribution
Pioneering Women
Chemists
Period &
Place
Contribution
Marie Meurdrac 1610-1680,
France.
First chemistry book written by a woman.
Author of “La Chymie charitable et facile enfaveur des
dames”
2. Women Empowerment - Awakening of a New Era
190
Emma Perry Carr 1880 – 1972,
America.
The first Garvan Medalist. Studied UV spectral studies on
simple unsaturated hydrocarbons
Rachel Lloyd 1839-1900,
America.
First American female to earn a doctorate of chemistry
Ellen Swallo
Richards
1842-1911,
US.
First woman admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
Yulya Lermontova 1846-1919,
Russia.
First woman in the world to obtain a doctorate in chemistry
and first woman to join the Russian Technical Association
Ida Freund 1863-1914,
UK.
She was the first woman to be a university chemistry
lecturer in the United Kingdom.
Harriet Brooks 1876-1933,
Canada.
First Canadian female nuclear physicist and famous for her
research on nuclear transmutations and radioactivity.
lcie Macy-Hoobler 1892-1984,
US.
Researcher on “chemistry of nutrition”, and was the first
woman chairman of Biological Chemistry Division of the
American Chemical Society.
Florence e.Wall 1893-1988,
USA.
First woman to receive the medal of the Society of
Cosmetic Chemists.
Gertv T. Cori 1896 –1957,
US.
First Garvan Medalist and received a Nobel Prize in
Medicine. Worked on the enzymatic synthesis of glycogen.
Christina C. Miller 1899- 2001,
Scotland.
First female Scottish chemist and one of the first five
women (also the) elected to the Royal Society of
Edinburgh.
Marguerite Perey 1909-1975
France.
Physicist and radiochemist, a student of Marie Curie. First
woman to be elected to the French Académie des Sciences
CHEMISTRY EDUCATION
A multiple regression path analysis shows that there is no direct effect of gender on course
performance. However, noticeable sex difference was registered in chemistry course performance.
Poor academic outcome in chemistry from female students was attributed to the weaker mathematics
background. However, employing the female mathematics teachers at high school level helped the
girls to exhibit better performance in computational tasks in comparison to boys, which was
manifested in the improved score in scholastic aptitude test (SAT) score [7]. Enrolment of girls
increases by recruiting more number of chemistry teachers and alteration in pedagogic procedures [8].
Few distinguished women chemists can be noticed in the history like Marie Curie who received two
Noble prizes. She won the first Noble prize in Physics in 1903 along with her husband, whereas, the
second prize awarded to her after eight years (in 1911) in chemistry. Deviation of women from the
“academic track” is due to various complex influencing factors. Out of those, the prime reason is
dearth of women role models and compassionate mentoring. Inspite of the arguments about
considerable lack of female role models, information about some of the popular role models [8] is
given in Table 2.
Table-2: Women Chemists as Role Models
Role Model
Women Chemist
Period&
Place
Contribution
Martine de Bertereau du
Chatelet (Baroness de
Beausoleil)
1600’s,
France.
Mineralogist and mining engineer
Elizabeth Fulhame Late 1700s,
Scotland.
Invented the concept of catalysis and
discovered photoreduction
Madame du Chatelet 1706-1749,
French
Proposed that fire and heat are not material, but, they
are related
Marie Anne Pierrette
Paulze (Madame
1758 born in
France.
Translated the work of many contemporary British
chemists into French
3. Women Empowerment - Awakening of a New Era
191
Lavoisier)
Jane Marcet 1769-1858,
London.
Author of "Conversations on Chemistry", which was
a prescribed textbook in US and Great Britain for
about 30 years.
Mary Sommervile 1780-1872,
Scotland.
Author of "Connexion of the Physical Sciences"
Elizabeth Fulhame 1794,
London
Author of "Essay on Combustion"
Anna Christina Persdotter
Sundstrom
1795–1871,
Sweden.
Laboratory assistant of Berzelius
Marie sklodowska Curie 1867-1934
Poland.
Pioneering researcher on radioactivity. First
woman to win a Nobel Prize and only woman to win
in two different scientific fields.
Laura Linton 1853-1915,
America.
American chemist and physician, as a chemist she
worked on analysis of asphaltum.
Helen Abbott Michael 1857-1904,
America
American scientist who was among the first to study
the relation of chemical composition to species of
plants and to plant growth.
Agnes Pockels 1862-1935,
Germany.
A German pioneer in chemistry. Her work was
fundamental in establishing the modern discipline
known as surface science
Mary Engle Pennington 1872-1952,
USA.
Bacteriological chemist and refrigeration engineer
Willey Glover Denis 1879-1929,
USA.
Apioneer in the field of clinical chemistry and the
measurement of protein in biological fluids
Maude Lenora Menten 1879-1960,
Canada.
Best known for her work on enzyme kinetics.
Edith Gertrude willcock 1879-1960,
England.
Pioneering researcher with radium.
Ellen gleditsch 1879-1968,
Norway.
Norway 's second female professor, Established the
half-life of radium
Emma Perry Carr 1880-1972,
USA.
Spectroscopist and a worldwide leader in the use of
the ultraviolet spectra.
May Sybil Leslie 1887-1937,
UK.
Worked on propertiesthorium and actinium. During
World War I she worked on large-scale manufacture
of explosives.
Stefanie Horovitz 1887-1942,
Poland.
Known for experimental work proving the existence
of isotopes.
Catherine Chamie 1888-1950,
France.
Curie’s assistant and worked on radioactive atoms.
Helene Metzger 1889-1944,
France.
Mainly focused on the history of chemistry.
Icie Macy Hoobler 1892-1984,
USA.
Biochemist who did research in human nutrition.
Dorothy Maud Wrinch 1894-1976,
Argentina.
Attempted to deduce protein structure using
mathematical principles
Ida Tackenoddack 1896-1978,
Germany.
In 1934 she was the first to mention the idea later
named nuclear fissionand one of the discover
element rhenium.
Katharine Burr Blogett 1898-1979,
USA.
Well known surface chemist.
Rachel fuller Brown 1898-1980, Best known for developing the first useful antifungal
4. Women Empowerment - Awakening of a New Era
192
Massachuset
ts.
antibiotic, nystatin.
Kathleen Culhane
Lathbury
1900-1993,
UK.
British biochemist known for her work with
insulin and vitamins.
Erika Cremer 1900-1996,
Germany.
German physical chemist, one of the most important
pioneer in gas chromatography
Mary Fieser 1909- 1997
USA
Best known for the many books.
Dorothy Crowfoot
Hodkin
1910-1994,
Egypt.
Awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.
Gertrude bell elion 1918- 1999,
USA.
Biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the
1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with
others for their use of innovative methods of rational
drug design for the development of new drugs
Rosalind Franklin 1920 – 1958,
London.
Crucial contributor to the identification of the
double-helical structure of DNA.
Ruth Arnon 1933- , Israel A leading chemical immunologist
Irène Joliot-Curie 1897-1956,
France.
Shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 with
her husband, in recognition of their synthesis of new
radioactive elements.
Ada E. Yonath 1939- 2009,
Israel.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for studies of the
structure and function of the ribosome."
In addition to introducing the role models of women chemists, the other avenues to make the girls
competitive are setting goals to girls on par with boys, promoting their participation in team sports,
inspiring towards chemistry and mathematics by conducting contests in those subjects, conducting
seminars to offset negative approach that influence a bright career in chemistry, training the teachers
to motivate the girls to have inclination towards scientific careers etc [4].
WOMEN IN CHEMICAL PROFESSION
Chemistry has been practiced by women since the initial times of documentation [9] (Table 3).
Domestic duties made the women familiar to the separation techniques which are renowned part of
analytical chemistry.
Table-3: Women Chemists of Ancient Era
Women Chemist
of Ancient Era
Period& Place Contribution
Cleopatra's 69 BC – 30 BC,
Egypt.
Study of the solvent action of vinegar on pearls.
Tapputi 1200 BC
Babylonian
Civilisation.
Systematic and quantitative extraction procedures
for preparation of perfume products.
Belatekallim and
Ninu
1200 BC
Babylonian
Civilisation.
Extracted essences from plant sources by
extraction and distillation
Fang 1st
Century BC, China. Extraction of silver from ores using mercury
Kleopatra
Christopoeia
Third century AD,
Alexandria.
Basic distillation still
Theosebeia Third century AD,
Alexandria.
Co-author of chemical encyclopaedia
Maria Hebraea
(Mary the Jewess)
Third century AD,
Alexandria
Devised new and improved alchemical equipment
using glass (heating and distilling apparatus,
balneumMariae / a double boiler), simple still
(kerotakis) and complex distillation device (the
5. Women Empowerment - Awakening of a New Era
193
tribikos). Proposed mercury as the deadly poison,
mixed metal sulphide (Mary’s Black)
Keng Hsien-Seng 975 AD, China. Primitive Soxhlet process for camphor extraction
using alcohol, extraction of silver from ores using
mercury
Perrenelle Lethas 14th
Century, Paris. Reduction of silver ore followed by distillation of
mercury
All over the world, women are in lag in comparison to men regarding recruitment, pay and promotion.
In spite of limited number of female chemists in the history, an increasing trend in female students is
recorded in the contemporary era [10]. Some of the women chemists feel that their career is
diminutive due to male superiors who are jealous of women abilities, shun women, do not consider as
a part of the work force. About 1/3rd
of women are relocating after marriage due to career needs of
husbands’ or responsibility of child care. One of the difficulties faced by women chemists is working
for long hours as per the employer’s expectation. Scheduling is an issue for women chemist in the
case of experimental research and to be successful, supportive family is essential.
Women claim that they are enforced to work hard than men to attain the equivalent career goals due to
delayed acceptance of their experimental results, invisibility of women, either overlooking or
underrating their work etc [11]. Another notion is that family issues inhibit the women to work for
long hours as per the expectations of employers, whereas, men are not restricted from those
hindrances.
FIGHT AGAINST GENDER BIAS
Gender inequality in fixation of speakers without inclusion of even a single woman for the scheduled
International Congress of Quantum Chemistry, Beijing in June 2015 was exposed by Anna Krylov,
Emily A. Carter and Laura Gagliardi. Protesting against the underrepresentation of women in
respected positions at the conference, these three well known theoretical chemists called for a boycott.
Responding to it, the president of the conference assured for gender balance [12]. However, Indian
women chemists received moderate support to climb the ladders [13] (Table 4).
Table-4: Prominent Indian Women Chemists
Prominent Indian
Women Chemists
Period Contribution
Kamala Sohonie 1912 –1998 Pioneering Indian biochemist who in 1939 became the first
Indian woman to receive a PhD in a scientific discipline
Asima Chatterjee 1917 –2006 Development of anti-epileptic drugs, and anti-malarial
drugs. Conferred the prestigious Padma Bhushan and
became the first female scientist to be elected as the
General President of the Indian Science Congress
Association. First female recipient ofShanti Swarup
Bhatnagar award
Maharani Chakravorty 1937–2015 Well known Indian molecular biologist and worked on
bacteriophage
Darshan Ranganathan 1941 – 2001 Pioneering worker in protein folding
H Ila nee Bhatnagar 1942 First woman to get a Ph.D. from I.I.T. Kanpur graduating
in 1968
Seetha Coleman-
Kammula
1950 – Noted environmentalist and entrepreneur in petrochemical
ChitraMandal 1952- A chemical biologist in the field of biomolecules and their
applications in health and diseases. Former acting Director
of CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
AnjuChadha 1955- Indian biochemist. She works in the fields of biocatalysis
and enzyme mechanisms, green chemistry and biosensors.
6. Women Empowerment - Awakening of a New Era
194
CharusitaChakravarty 1964 – 2016 Unravelled quantum mechanical effects in the properties
of atomic and molecular clusters
Seema Bhatnagar 1971- Famous in anticancer drug discovery
Yamuna Krishnan 1974- Youngest woman recipient of the Shanti Swarup
Bhatnagar Prize
RECOGNITION AND AWARDS
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) recognizes and encourages the research
contributions of women with a history of leadership and/or community service. It distributes
“Distinguished women in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering awards” for every two years since
2011, i.e., International Year of Chemistry Celebrations. Kim Baldridge (China), Donna Blamond
(USA), Susan Bourne (South Africa), Janine cosy (France), Vicki Grassian (USA), Otilia Mo Romero
(Spain), Elizabeth ann Nalley (USA), Carol Vivien Robinson (UK), Molly Shoichet (Canada), Luisa
Torsi (Italy), Chris Willis (UK), Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede (Sweden) were awarded during the
ceremony held at Paris in July, 2019 [14].
2011 was declared as the International Year of Chemistry and the same year matches with centenary
of awarding Madame Marie Curie with Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Hence, the year 2011 has a special
significance to recollect and respect the efforts of female scientists to pave a smoother way to the next
generation, as well as to remember the contributions to science by women. On the eve, special editions
dedicating to the Women in Chemistry were released by different journals like “Australian Journal of
Chemistry” [15].
Women scientific awards are significant as they alert the scientific field about the presence of women
scientists and hence enhance proficiency. In addition, those awards highlight women scientific work
and help them to receive invitations for different professional activities. Garvan Medal is one of such
award. Instituting such awards by other chemical professional bodies will assist the women scientists.
American Chemical Society awards Garvan medals to women for distinguished service to chemistry
since 1936. This identification of chemistry's creative women makes them to act as role models [16].
PROFESSIONAL BODIES AND WOMEN NETWORKS
Active participation in scientific women networks enables the members to help each other to reach
career goals. To upkeep and stimulate the Women in Chemistry, a networking breakfast was
conducted on 18th
January, 2011 by women from forty four countries [17]. An open platform is
provided by social media which facilitates the exchange of information. It was found to be
advantageous for women to bring out deliberations regarding gender related problems in science.
‘Women in Research’ maintains its facebook account [18] by the women scientists of Max Planck
Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Germany.
Inspiring young women chemists to join some of the organisations (like AWIS – Association of
Women in Science) are promoting equal prospects for female to move in to scientific professions and
thereby accomplish their career goals [19]. Membership in professional organizations and active
participation in their meetings keep the women updated to the cutting end technologies (Table 5).
Table-5: Women Chemists in Professional Bodies and Journals
Women Chemists Period Role in Professional Bodies and Journals
Lesley Yellowlees 2012–2014 First Female President of Royal Society of Chemistry
(RSC).
Barbara Albert 2012–2013 First Female President of Gesellschaft Deutscher
Chemiker (GDCh).
Thisbe Lindhorst Current
president
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh).
Livia Simon Sarkadi 2015–present First Female President of Hungarian Chemical Society
(HCS).
Supawan
Tantayanon
2011–2013 First Female President of Federation of Asian Chemical
Societies (FACS).
7. Women Empowerment - Awakening of a New Era
195
Anna Harrison 1978 First Female President of American Chemical Society
(ACS).
Rachel Bodley 1831-1888 First woman member of the American Chemical Society.
Kathleen Yardley
Lonsdale
1903-1971 First female member of the Royal Society in 1945.
Doreen Clark 1993 The first female national president of Royal Australian
Chemical Institute (RACI).
MENTOR FOR WOMEN’S PROSPERITY
Participation of women in chemical sciences is encouraged by the support and environment extended
to them. Role of mentors is significant in educating the women must have a career plan as a rule just
like men. ‘Virtue is its own reward’ is the belief of many women and they wish to demonstrate
themselves. Hence, they seldom choose a mentor. However, a mentor plays a key role to reach
heights, in the modern era.
In academic, industrial and research fields, mentoring play a vital role to make out from
underrepresentation women. Emotional support and inspiration are offered by the mentors, which
build the confidence in women chemists and advices during the times of struggle and stress [20].
Existing gender disparity might be the cause for not having matching level and frequency of
mentorship for female in various fields (academic, research, industrial etc) when compared to men.
Taking into consideration of requirement of women mentorship towards academic / research /
professional careers, initiatives were taken by different scientific societies. Based on focussing,
mentoring organizations are classified into types, intramural and inter-institutional.
Intramural mentoring organizations mainly focus on creation of links among the people of an
institution, while, inter-institutional organizations concentrate on connecting across institutions [3].
‘Committee on the Advancement of Women Chemists’ (COACh) creates a platform to mentor the
women scientists. It sponsors workshop on career orientation for women chemists working in
academic field. Those workshops are aimed at skills improvement to enable their career growth and
providing a network between participants and successful women chemists [21]. Chemistry Women
Mentorship Network (ChemWMN) falls under latter category. It was formed in 2013 based on the
breed idea during the telephone conversation between Brandi and Jillian. ChemWMN is aimed at
providing inter institutional mentorship to graduate students and postdocs with the help of women
faculty members, identified from matching areas. ChemWMN ensures the acceptability from the
mentor by providing the brief details of mentee. In addition, carryout follow up activities like
reminders about mutual check in, offering discussion point to endorse exchange, circulating network
related news or career progression [3].
Similarly, WCC (Women Chemists Committee of American Chemical Society) is concentrating on
career progress of women in chemistry related areas through monitoring of engagement, retention, etc
[22]. Addressing harassment, advocacy, improving the scientific literacy, developing the resources to
promote comprehensive scientific seminars are some of the themes in action plan of ‘500 Women
Scientists’, one of the grassroots organization which is aimed at empowerment of women in science
[23]. The issues faced by women in science are advocated on national / international platform by
AWIS (The Association for Women in Science). It is having chapters at grassroots level which help in
networking and mentorship in order to improve groups among women in STEM [24]. Collaboration
between National Center for Women & Information Technology and AnitaB.org had resulted in
‘Mentoring-in-a-Box’, a correlated mentoring toolkit, in order to upkeep specific mentee pairs [25].
One of the Swedish organization ‘Women in Science’ is aimed at helping women to achieve their
goals by organizing mentor programs, workshops, seminars etc [26].
SUPPORTIVE MEASURES
Women are struggling to choose either family or endeavour for achievement in their career. Research
career pursuance by women chemist is deterred by the birth and care of children. Some of the
initiatives which address the issue are sanctioning paternity leave for working men which facilitates
9. Women Empowerment - Awakening of a New Era
197
10. Catherine Didion, Lisa M. Frehill, and Willie Pearson, Jr., Rapporteurs, Blueprint for the Future:
Framing the Issues of Women in Science in a Global Context: Summary of a Workshop, THE
NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS, Washington, D.C., www.nap.edu
11. Warner, M. D. (1985). Women in analytical chemistry—equality at last?. Analytical
Chemistry, 57(13), 1358A-1364A.
12. Kase, A. (2014, February 20). Sexism plagues major chemistry conference: Boycott emerges
amid growing outrage. Salon. Retrieved fromhttp://salon.com/2014/02/20/sexism_plagues_
major_chemistry_conference_boycott_emerges_amid_growing_outrage/
13. https://www.ias.ac.in/Initiatives/Women_in_Science/The_Women_Scientists_of_India, Retrieved
on 11-12-2019.
14. https://iupac.org/iupac-2019-distinguished-women/, Retrieved on 11-12-2019.
15. Bennett, J.M. (2011). Women in Chemistry. Australian Journal of Chemistry. 64(6), 659-60.
16. https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/francis-p-
garvan-john-m-olin-medal.html, Retrieved on 11-12-2019.
17. Garson, M. (2011). Women sharing a chemical moment in time. Chemistry International, 33(2),
16-17.
18. https://www.facebook.com/pg/WomenInResearch/about/, Retrieved on 11-12-2019.
19. https://www.awis.org/, Retrieved on 11-12-2019.
20. Stockard J., Greene J., & Lewis P. (2010). Richmond G. Promoting mentoring among and for
women in chemistry: The experiences of COACh. In Mentoring strategies to facilitate the
advancement of women faculty, Chapter 11 (pp. 153-163), American Chemical Society.
DOI: 10.1021/bk-2010-1057.ch011.
21. https://coach.uoregon.edu/, Retrieved on 11-12-2019.
22. https://acswcc.org/, Retrieved on 11-12-2019.
23. https://500womenscientists.org/resources, Retrieved on 11-12-2019.
24. Bird, S. J., & Didion, C. J. (1992). Retaining women science students: A mentoring project of the
association for women in science. Initiatives, 55(3), 3-12.
25. https://www.ncwit.org/resources/mentoring-box-technical-women-work, Retrieved on 11-12-
2019.
26. http://womeninscience.se/, Retrieved on 11-12-2019.
27. D'Andola C. (2016) Women in Chemistry—Where We Are Today. Chemistry–A European
Journal. 22(11):3523-8, DOI : 10.1002/chem.201600474.
28. https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/other/diversity.html, Retrieved
on 11-12-2019.
12. Women Empowerment –
Awakening of a New Era
Edited By:
Dr. Tazyn Rahman
Associate Professor
Institute of Technology and Science
Ghaziabad
13. First Impression: 2020
Women Empowerment – Awakening of a New Era
ISBN : 978-81-944813-5-5
Rs. 1000/- ( $35 )
No part of the book may be printed, copied, stored, retrieved, duplicated and reproduced in
any form without the written permission of the author/publisher.
DISCLAIMER
Information contained in this Edited book has been published by Empyreal Publishing House
and has been obtained by the author(s) from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to
the best of his/her knowledge. The author(s) are solely responsible for the contents of the
articles compiled in this book. Responsibility of authenticity of the work or the concepts /
views presented by the author through this book shall lie with the author. The publisher or
editors do not take any responsibility for the same in any manner. Errors, if any, are purely
unintentional and readers are requested to communicate such error to the Editors to avoid
discrepancies in future.
Published by:
Empyreal Publishing House
14. VI
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgement
IV
V
Table of Contents VI – VIII
Women Empowerment: A Journey from Baby Blues to Monday Blues
Dr. Nandan Velankar
Surbhi Pahuja
1 – 5
Achieving Sustainable Development through Women Empowerment
Dr. Sudeep B. Chandramana
6 – 12
An Exploratory Study on Role of Workforce Diversity Managerial Practices in
Women Empowerment
Dr. Meeera Mathur
Bhumika Rathore
13 – 22
Women Empowerment in Changing the Rural India: Policy Perspectives
Dr. Subhankar Ghosh
23 – 28
Women as Entrepreneurs - Prospects and Challenges
Dr. S. Kalaiselvi
S. Indhupriya
29 – 33
A Study on the Issues and Challenges of Women Empowerment with a
Special Reference to Kerala State
Jerly Akku Cherian
Jinu Mary Varghese
34 – 40
Women Empowerment: A Veritable Tool for Sustainable Urban Water
Development
OLUSA, Adekemi Opeyemi
OLUJIMI, Julius Bayode
41 – 49
Conceptualization of the Quintessence of Empowerment
Sankar Biswas
50 – 58
15. VII
Women Empowerment to Reduce Crime Against Women
Sonam Sanger
Dr. Priyanka Kacker
59 – 66
Women Empowerment
Prof. (Dr.) Dhananjay Awasarikar
67 – 70
Secured Land and Housing Rights as a Means of Empowering Women in
Developing Countries: A Review
Mary Adebola Ajayi
71 – 77
Economic Empowerment of Women: An Essential for Sustainable
Development of Society
Dr. Urmila Yadav
78 – 82
An Analytical Study of Muslim Women Entrepreneurs: A Special Reference to
Belagavi District
Dr. Narayan D. Arundhekar
Dr. Pallavi S. Kusugal
83 – 87
Economic Contributions of Fisherwomen In Pulicat Lake
Dr. B. Madhana Rekha
88 – 95
Safeguarding Women through the Innovative Programmes of Dravidian
Governments in Tamil Nadu
Dr. A. Rajaram
96 – 99
Social and Economic Status of Women Domestic Workers in Karnataka State:
An Evaluation
Dr.Radhika C. A
Yamuna B. Raj
Chetan O. R.
100 – 106
Prospects for Upward Mobility in the Informal Sector: A Case Study of Self-
Employed Women in Chandigarh
Neha Kapoor
107 – 115
A Comparative Study on the Investment Pattern of the Female Faculties and
Male Faculties in the City of Mumbai
Dr. Swati Suryanarayanan
116 – 119
Social Mobility and its Impact on Women Empowerment: A Case Study of
BOR Mishing Village Women of Sivasagar District of Assam
Remita Debnath
Dr. Angita Sarmah Boruah
120 – 125
16. VIII
Pay Equality: A Significant Step Towards Women Empowerment
Dr. Richa N. Agarwal
Charul Agarwal
126 – 130
Victims of Trafficking- A silent Tale of socio-legal analysis
Amit Ghosh
131 – 142
Gender Inequalities in the Socio Economic Sector: Affirmative Steps and their
Impact
Dr. Seema Rizvi
143 – 149
Prevention Framework for Victims of Sexual Crime and Case Studies
Swetha Sadanandan
Dr. Priyanka Kacker
150 – 156
Unmet Need for Women Nutrition: A Quintessential Sustainable Development
Goal
Mohammad Salman Shah
Yasir Alvi
157 – 164
Women in Brics — Are they Moulders and Builders in a Great
Transformation for Future World?
Dr. Asim K. Karmakar
Dr. Sebak K. Jana
165 – 179
Constitutional Provision for Women In India
Jitu Ghosh
Dr. Pranab Barman
180 – 184
Natural Disasters and Empowerment of Indian Women
CA (Dr.) Leena Mahesh Gadkari
185 – 188
Synergetic Role of Chemistry in Women’s Success
M. Sireesha
Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
H. Manjunatha
189 – 197
Remembring Women Who Empowered HIV Care in India
Yasir Alvi
Mohammad Salman Shah
198 – 202
To know more about menopause: subtle phase of woman’s life
Sukanya Mehra
Khushboo Sharma
Pooja Chadha*
203 - 208