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SWRL Overview
SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) is a proposal for a rules language that works with OWL knowledge bases, submitted to W3C in May 2004. It defines rules as implications between antecedents and consequents, allowing for various operations through built-ins such as comparisons, mathematical functions, string manipulations, and date/time calculations. The document outlines the structure and functionalities of SWRL, including how atoms can be formulated, and provides a reference link to the SWRL specification.
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SWRL Overview
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- 2. SWRL Overview “SWRL (Semantic WebRule Language) is a proposal for a Semantic Web rules language, which can be combined with an OWL knowledge base.” • The proposal was submitted in May 2004 to the W3C • Rules are of the form of an implication between an antecedent (body) and consequent (head). The intended meaning can be read as: whenever the conditions specified in the antecedent hold, then the conditions specified in the consequent must also hold. ANTECEDENT CONSEQUENT hasParent(?x1,?x2) ∧ hasBrother(?x2,?x3) ⇒ hasUncle(?x1,?x3)
- 3. SWRL • Antecedent (body)and consequent (head) consist of zero or more atoms • Multiple atoms are treated as a conjunction • An empty antecedent is treated as trivially true (i.e. satisfied by every interpretation), so the consequent must also be satisfied by every interpretation • An empty consequent is treated as trivially false (i.e., not satisfied by any interpretation), so the antecedent must also not be satisfied by any interpretation • Atoms in these rules can be of the form C(x), P(x,y), sameAs(x,y) or differentFrom(x,y), where C is an OWL description, P is an OWL property, and x,y are either variables, OWL individuals or OWL data values
- 4. SWRL – Built-Ins Enablethe following operations: 1. Comparisons 2. Mathematical operations 3. String operations 4. Date, Time and Duration
- 5. SWRL – Built-Insfor Comparisons • equal Satisfied iff the first argument and the second argument are the same • notEqual The negation of swrlb:equal • lessThan Satisfied iff the first argument and the second argument are both in some implemented type and the first argument is less than the second argument according to a type-specific ordering (partial or total), if there is one defined for the type • lessThanOrEqual Either less than, as above, or equal, as above • greaterThan Similarly to lessThan • greaterThanOrEqual Similarly to swrlb:lessThanOrEqual
- 6. SWRL – Built-Insfor Mathematical Operations • add Satisfied iff the first argument is equal to the arithmetic sum of the second argument through the last argument • subtract Satisfied iff the first argument is equal to the arithmetic difference of the second argument minus the third argument • multiply Satisfied iff the first argument is equal to the arithmetic product of the second argument through the last argument • divide Satisfied iff the first argument is equal to the arithmetic quotient of the second argument divided by the third argument
- 7. SWRL – Built-Insfor String Operations • stringEqualIgnoreCase Satisfied iff the first argument is the same as the second argument (upper/lower case ignored) • stringConcat Satisfied iff the first argument is equal to the string resulting from the concatenation of the strings the second argument through the last argument • substring Satisfied iff the first argument is equal to the substring of optional length the fourth argument starting at character offset the third argument in the string the second argument • stringLength Satisfied iff the first argument is equal to the length of the second argument
- 8. SWRL – Built-Insfor Date, Time and Operations • addDayTimeDurations Satisfied iff the dayTimeDuration the first argument is equal to the arithmetic sum of the dayTimeDuration the second argument through the dayTimeDuration the last argument. • subtractDayTimeDurations Satisfied iff the dayTimeDuration the first argument is equal to the arithmetic difference of the dayTimeDuration the second argument minus the dayTimeDuration the third argument.
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