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Swimming upstream: libraries and open scholarship
The document discusses open scholarship, outlining five schools of thought that include democratic access to knowledge and open research practices. It highlights the importance of open access publications, open data, and open metrics, alongside various roles and relationships within academic libraries to support these initiatives. The document emphasizes libraries' evolving role from curators to active partners in the scholarly ecosystem.
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Swimming upstream: libraries and open scholarship
- 1. Swimming upstream: libraries andopen scholarship Stephen Grace orcid.org/0000-0001-8874-2671 Supporting Open Scholarship: An Introduction, Foundling Museum, London 18 April 2018
- 2. Overview • Terminology • Five“Schools of Thought” • Open Publications • Open Data and Materials • Open Software • Open Licensing • Open Peer Review • Open Metrics and Evaluation • Roles, Relationships, Advocacy
- 3.
- 4. Five Schools ofThought • Democratic Access to knowledge • Public Accessibility of knowledge creation • Infrastructure Technical architectures/tools • Measurement Alt-metrics • Pragmatic More efficient methods Fecher, Benedikt and Friesike, Sascha, Open Science: One Term, Five Schools of Thought (May 30, 2013). RatSWD_WP_ 218. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2272036 Fecher B., Friesike S. (2014) Open Science: One Term, Five Schools of Thought. In: Bartling S., Friesike S. (eds) Opening Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00026-8_2
- 5. Open Access Publications Muchmore to come from Sarah… • Open Journals (and individual articles) • Monographs • OER/textbooks • Grey literature • Online literature (like blogs) and AV
- 6. Open Data andMaterials Much more to come from Carly… • Scientists/ Academics need or want to share data because – Build on the work of others – Collaborate – New methods (data science, meta-analyses etc) – Validation/ reproducibility – Get credit for the data, which are worthwhile in themselves and not just as supplementary information to articles • Materials can include – Physical materials (rats, tissue samples etc) – Instruments like questionnaires, survey designs – Database structures and ontologies – to encourage consistency in data gathering
- 7. Open Research • Datasharing agreements and controlled access to data that isn’t open • Open research – registering protocols and clinical trials in advance • Reproducibility crisis
- 8. Open Software • OpenSource software • Open file formats • Code repositories like GitHub • Software Carpentry – teaching good practice for researchers who aren’t computer scientists but who create software
- 9. Open Licensing To enableappropriate reuse • Creative Commons for content • Open Data Commons for data • Multiple software licences
- 10. Open Peer Review •Peer review has its critics… • Open peer review makes readers aware of who is reviewing and what they say – Open identities WHO – Open reports WHAT • Prepublication and post publication methods • Related to megajournals which review the science not the significance
- 11. Open Metrics • Alt-metricsare alternative metrics to traditional bibliometrics • Alternative data sources to Scopus and Web of Science for citations, and therefore bibliometrics
- 12. Open Infrastructures • Datarepositories to share data • Project collaborative environments • Sharing tools, software code and scripts, workflows
- 13. Roles • Scholarly Communications •Research Support roles in academic libraries, research offices or joint appointments • Bibliometrics • Open access infrastructures, systems, services, training, advocacy • RDM access infrastructures, systems, services, training, advocacy • Direct support for open science allocated to research projects – Literature searching/ systematic reviews – Preparing data for sharing
- 14. Relationships • Researchers (academicand research students) • Research Offices • ICT • Graduate Schools • Senior managers • Funders • Don’t forget your library colleagues!
- 15. Swimming upstream • Librariesnot just as curators of outputs but as partners in a changing ecosystem • Publications strategies for groups and individuals • Bibliometric analysis • Publishing platforms (like Open Journals System) • Persistent identifiers for data, grey literature, software, equipment • Understanding the research role better – Data Asset Framework, Data Curation Profiles and other methodologies
- 16. Questions What roles supportopen scholarship at your institution? What scope for work in this area? What School of Thought informs your activity? Five Schools of Thought Democratic Access to knowledge Public Accessibility of knowledge creation Infrastructure Technical architectures/tools Measurement Alt-metrics Pragmatic More efficient methods
- 17. Acknowledgement FOSTER Open ScienceTraining Handbook (April 2018) https://open-science-training-handbook.gitbooks.io/book/content/
- 18. Thank you Stephen Grace,Scholarly Communications & Repository Manager London South Bank University orcid.org/0000-0001-8874-2671 stephen.grace@lsbu.ac.uk @StephenGraceful
Editor's Notes
- #4 Open Science seems to be the most established term, but social scientists arts and humanities don’t like using this term to describe what they do – at least in the Anglo-Saxon world. But global initiatives in this area usually talk about open science Worth thinking about the language you use
- #5 Democratic school: Believing that there is an unequal distribution of access to knowledge, this area is concerned with making scholarly knowledge (including publications and data) available freely for all. Pragmatic school: Following the principle that the creation of knowledge is made more efficient through collaboration and strengthened through critique, this area seeks to harness network effects by connecting scholars and making scholarly methods transparent. Infrastructure school: This thread is motivated by the assumption that efficient research requires readily available platforms, tools and services for dissemination and collaboration. Public school: Based on the recognition that true societal impact requires societal engagement in research and readily understandable communication of scientific results, this area seeks to bring the public to collaborate in research through citizen science, and make scholarship more readily understandable through lay summaries, blogging and other less formal communicative methods. Measurement school: Motivated by the acknowledgement that traditional metrics for measuring scientific impact have proven problematic (by being too heavily focused on publications, often only at the journal-level, for instance), this strand seeks "alternative metrics" which can make use of the new possibilities of digitally networked tools to track and measure the impact of scholarship through formerly invisible activities In the interests of openness, Ive given you two citations to the work of Fecher and Friesike – a working paper preprint in SSRN and a subsequent book chapter Bear in mind these five schools – the assumptions and motivations they inmply – when considering the differing dimensions of open scholarship that follow.
- #11 Peer review has its critics, who say it is subjective, reinforces status quo and discriminates against young/female/diverse academics Prepublication OPR – such as Biomed Central journals and Frontiers, where the reviewers are named and their reviews may be published. Postpub OPR where anyone can pile in – including non-peers like members of the public (when it gets called open review) Actually some nuances to OPR. Some journals allow reviewers names to be withheld even though their reviews are made public, and some give authors the power to choose what gets disclosed.
- #12 Altmetric shows latest alt-citations, but only subscribers see full details, and they don’t disclose their methodology for the score Two major services are Altmetric and PlumX from Plum Analytics Open Citations is building the Open Citations Corpus as open repository of scholarly citation data Initiative for Open Citations The aim of this initiative is to promote the availability of data on citations that are structured, separable, and open.
- #13 Open source repos – Eprints, Dspace, Fedora with its Samvera and Islandora flavours Growing preponderance of CRIS systems which aren’t open source, and aren’t open because they contain private information Collaborative environments allow multiple researchers to store, backup, share and archive their data – OSF and Dataverse Taverna is a workflow engine, allowing researchers to join together multiple software tools and processes, and keep a provenance chain of what has happened to the data
- #14 Altmetric shows latest alt-citations, but only subscribers see full details, and they don’t disclose their methodology for the score Two major services are Altmetric and PlumX from Plum Analytics Open Citations is building the Open Citations Corpus as open repository of scholarly citation data Initiative for Open Citations The aim of this initiative is to promote the availability of data on citations that are structured, separable, and open.
- #15 Altmetric shows latest alt-citations, but only subscribers see full details, and they don’t disclose their methodology for the score Two major services are Altmetric and PlumX from Plum Analytics Open Citations is building the Open Citations Corpus as open repository of scholarly citation data Initiative for Open Citations The aim of this initiative is to promote the availability of data on citations that are structured, separable, and open.