Improving sanitation facilities and making them sustainable means changing behaviour. Helping people to understand the importance of their toilets can inspire them to invest their time and resources in upgrading these facilities and taking care of them. The benefits of a toilet are not only health-related–the pride, dignity and convenience they bring are usually more important in convincing people to use them.”
Providing clean water and sanitation facilities to all Indians is a major challenge. Currently, many rural Indians lack access to these basic necessities. This leads to negative health and economic impacts, including high rates of water-borne diseases and lost work days. A proposed decentralized, community-based solution focuses on awareness campaigns, formation of local water committees, and utilizing technical expertise to develop sustainable drinking water and sanitation infrastructure and maintenance practices. The goal is a demand-driven, self-help model that empowers communities rather than relying solely on government provision.
The document provides details about a minor project on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan conducted in two districts of Jharkhand, India. It discusses the context and rationale for the study which aims to assess the impact of a Swachh Bharat Abhiyan project implemented by Aarogya Foundation of India in 105 villages across two blocks. The methodology section outlines the objectives, scope, research methodology and sampling process involving 506 respondents from the community, schools and Aarogya Foundation functionaries.
The document discusses the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign in India, which aims to eliminate open defecation and improve sanitation across the country. It outlines the campaign's objectives and provides several suggestions to improve it, including focusing efforts on schools to change behaviors and social norms from a young age. It also recommends using social media influencers, competitions, and engaging the private sector to help drive behavior change around sanitation and eliminating open defecation.
This document discusses the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) launched by the Indian government in 2014. It provides background on the mission and its goals of improving sanitation and eliminating open defecation. It also discusses various initiatives undertaken by the government, corporations, educational institutions, and youth groups to support the mission and increase its effectiveness, particularly in urban areas like Delhi.
The document provides details about a research project conducted to understand public perception of India's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan cleanliness campaign in Mumbai. The study involved surveying 50 residents through a 12-question questionnaire. Key findings included that over 94% were aware of SBA but only 66% knew its goal of a clean India by 2019, and 58% felt the initiative would benefit the nation. While 82% said they do their part, only 54% had volunteered and 36% felt there was less littering since SBA started.
Open defecation is a major public health issue in rural India, with over 638 million people lacking access to toilets. This poses risks for many infectious diseases. While government campaigns have increased toilet access, behavioral change is still needed. Socio-cultural beliefs and the view of toilets as only for the wealthy prevent many from using existing facilities. Communication objectives aim to increase awareness of health risks, promote dignity and generate demand for sanitation through community outreach. Priority routes focus on women's issues and health hazards to motivate behavior change.
"Empirical study on measuring attitude and perception of people towards Swach...AnirudhMehta24
This document provides a summer training report on measuring attitudes and perceptions towards the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan cleanliness campaign in India. It includes an introduction to the campaign, objectives of the study, literature review on previous cleanliness initiatives, and overview of the research methodology used including sample size and data collection tools. The report findings and conclusions on public participation and suggestions to improve the campaign are also mentioned.
This document discusses sanitation and water issues in India based on data from sources like the UNICEF and Indian government. Some key points:
- 67% of India's population practices open defecation and 61.7% of children are stunted, linked to poor sanitation.
- Over 200,000 children under 5 die from diarrhea annually. Lack of toilets and sanitation affects women's safety and education.
- Strategies proposed include raising awareness, forming community groups, constructing toilets and biogas plants, and treating contaminated water sources. Effective monitoring through MIS systems is also suggested.
Providing clean water and sanitation facilities to all Indians is a major challenge. Currently, many rural Indians lack access to these basic necessities. This leads to negative health and economic impacts, including high rates of water-borne diseases and lost work days. A proposed decentralized, community-based solution focuses on awareness campaigns, formation of local water committees, and utilizing technical expertise to develop sustainable drinking water and sanitation infrastructure and maintenance practices. The goal is a demand-driven, self-help model that empowers communities rather than relying solely on government provision.
The document provides details about a minor project on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan conducted in two districts of Jharkhand, India. It discusses the context and rationale for the study which aims to assess the impact of a Swachh Bharat Abhiyan project implemented by Aarogya Foundation of India in 105 villages across two blocks. The methodology section outlines the objectives, scope, research methodology and sampling process involving 506 respondents from the community, schools and Aarogya Foundation functionaries.
The document discusses the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign in India, which aims to eliminate open defecation and improve sanitation across the country. It outlines the campaign's objectives and provides several suggestions to improve it, including focusing efforts on schools to change behaviors and social norms from a young age. It also recommends using social media influencers, competitions, and engaging the private sector to help drive behavior change around sanitation and eliminating open defecation.
This document discusses the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) launched by the Indian government in 2014. It provides background on the mission and its goals of improving sanitation and eliminating open defecation. It also discusses various initiatives undertaken by the government, corporations, educational institutions, and youth groups to support the mission and increase its effectiveness, particularly in urban areas like Delhi.
The document provides details about a research project conducted to understand public perception of India's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan cleanliness campaign in Mumbai. The study involved surveying 50 residents through a 12-question questionnaire. Key findings included that over 94% were aware of SBA but only 66% knew its goal of a clean India by 2019, and 58% felt the initiative would benefit the nation. While 82% said they do their part, only 54% had volunteered and 36% felt there was less littering since SBA started.
Open defecation is a major public health issue in rural India, with over 638 million people lacking access to toilets. This poses risks for many infectious diseases. While government campaigns have increased toilet access, behavioral change is still needed. Socio-cultural beliefs and the view of toilets as only for the wealthy prevent many from using existing facilities. Communication objectives aim to increase awareness of health risks, promote dignity and generate demand for sanitation through community outreach. Priority routes focus on women's issues and health hazards to motivate behavior change.
"Empirical study on measuring attitude and perception of people towards Swach...AnirudhMehta24
This document provides a summer training report on measuring attitudes and perceptions towards the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan cleanliness campaign in India. It includes an introduction to the campaign, objectives of the study, literature review on previous cleanliness initiatives, and overview of the research methodology used including sample size and data collection tools. The report findings and conclusions on public participation and suggestions to improve the campaign are also mentioned.
This document discusses sanitation and water issues in India based on data from sources like the UNICEF and Indian government. Some key points:
- 67% of India's population practices open defecation and 61.7% of children are stunted, linked to poor sanitation.
- Over 200,000 children under 5 die from diarrhea annually. Lack of toilets and sanitation affects women's safety and education.
- Strategies proposed include raising awareness, forming community groups, constructing toilets and biogas plants, and treating contaminated water sources. Effective monitoring through MIS systems is also suggested.
India has long had the highest rate of open defecation in the world, with 58% of the global total. However, the district of Nadia in West Bengal has launched an ambitious community-led initiative called Sobar Souchagar to make the entire district free of open defecation by March 2015. The program provides subsidies and training to construct toilets for rural and urban households, with over 26 million already built. It is coordinated across various government programs and self-help groups. Through these concerted efforts, open defecation rates have declined significantly in Nadia compared to other parts of India and neighboring countries. The district magistrate aims to make Nadia the first fully open defecation free district in the
This document presents a seminar on the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign by Richa Sharma. The campaign aims to clean streets, roads, and infrastructure across India. It was launched in 2014 by Prime Minister Modi to fulfill Gandhi's vision of a clean India. The objectives of the campaign are to develop community sanitation facilities, increase public awareness of cleanliness, and accomplish an open defecation free India by 2019. While the campaign faces challenges due to India's large population and changing behaviors, over 6 million toilets have been built and some states and villages have been declared open defecation free. Continued efforts are needed to educate people and make cleanliness a priority.
The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched in 2014 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to fulfill Mahatma Gandhi's vision of a Clean India. The mission aims to eliminate open defecation through the construction of household and community toilets, and establish an integrated system for solid and liquid waste management by 2019. It covers both rural and urban areas, with sub-missions to achieve the objectives of providing sanitation facilities and ending manual scavenging across India.
The Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan (Clean India Mission) was launched in 2014 by Prime Minister Modi with the goal of eliminating open defecation and improving solid waste management across India by October 2019. It aims to build over 11 crore toilets in rural areas and upgrade waste management systems in cities. Progress has been made with over 1.5 crore toilets sanctioned and 43 lakh constructed, but critics argue the goals may not be achievable given India's waste generation and the challenges of changing habits and behaviors at a large scale by the 2019 deadline.
Towards cleaner India: Providing Clean Drinking Water and Proper Sanitation Facility to all. The document discusses the current poor status of sanitation in India, with over 50 million people defecating in the open daily. It outlines reasons for poor sanitation such as illiteracy and lack of awareness. Five cornerstones are proposed: awareness programs, improving hygiene, supplying filtered water, providing water storage, and adopting new techniques to reduce pipeline leakage. Challenges include economic issues, health problems from chlorination, and illiteracy hindering awareness. Investing $1 in sanitation can save $9 in health, education and economic development. Case studies show initiatives in slums and towns that eliminated open def
This document discusses India's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign for cleanliness. The campaign aims to eliminate open defecation and ensure proper solid waste management by October 2019. It involves constructing toilets and raising public awareness. Funding is shared between central and state governments. New technologies like bio-digesters are being developed to safely process human waste. However, challenges remain in financing, waste disposal systems, and addressing social factors that limit sanitation access for some groups. The conclusion urges citizens to participate in the campaign by keeping India clean.
The document summarizes the Swachh Bharat mission launched in India in 2014. The objectives are to make India open defecation free by 2019 and ensure solid and liquid waste management. The mission provides support for community sanitary complexes and allocates funds for information, education and communication campaigns. It aims to create demand and behavior change through intensified campaigns and incentives to build toilets. Recent initiatives include financial support for household toilets and guidelines for participation of NGOs and sanitation for disabled people.
- Prem Jyoti has been working to improve health among the Malto tribe in Jharkhand since 1996 through a network of 86 community health volunteers, 10 peripheral clinics, and a 20-bed hospital.
- In 2010-2011, the community health program saw increases in treatments provided by volunteers and health education sessions while peripheral clinics saw a decrease in total beneficiaries.
- The hospital saw increases in total and normal vaginal deliveries as well as instrumental deliveries while maternal and newborn mortality rates remained high.
Dr. Chennamaneni Ramesh, an MLA, launched a project 3 years ago to provide purified drinking water to all 70 villages and 3 lakh people in the Vemulawada constituency in order to improve health. The project uses reverse osmosis and UV technology to purify brackish water. It has established 65 water plants serving 2.4 lakh people across 5 mandals. The project provides employment and the water is sold at subsidized rates to help the poor. Feedback shows the water has reduced water-borne diseases in the area.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan cleanliness mission on October 2, 2014 to honor Mahatma Gandhi's dream of a clean India. The mission aims to eliminate open defecation by 2019 and provide toilets to every rural household through constructing over 11 crore toilets. It also seeks to promote sustainable sanitation practices and improve public health. The campaign has gained momentum through cleanliness drives conducted across the country by celebrities, politicians, and institutions. Maintaining cleanliness is essential for India to progress and for people to enjoy better physical, mental, social, and intellectual well-being.
The lack of connectivity, training, education, performance management, are major contributors to poor sanitation in most parts of India, and we believe that technology can be leveraged to play a vital role in improving sanitation efforts in the country.
This document discusses a Rotary District 3300 initiative to promote water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) projects, particularly the "Toilet for Rural School" project. It provides the objective to promote clean water, sanitation and hygiene for schools in line with international initiatives. It outlines the criteria, components, costing and funding considerations for the toilet projects in rural schools, noting the availability of global grants to fund qualifying projects. It also announces an upcoming WASH conference to discuss WASH projects and Rotary's areas of focus.
Nuv shuddhi - a step towards swachh Bharat.Aadesh Shah
Navrachana University held an event called NUVshuddhi to promote the Swachh Bharat initiative. Students developed ideas and action plans to clean up their cities. Over 127 entries were received with solutions like establishing a cleanliness police force, adopting villages for maintenance, and managing waste through recycling and proper disposal. The document outlines current cleanliness issues and proposes a holistic approach through public awareness, greenery programs, and modified funding structures to build a cleaner India.
This document outlines a proven model to eliminate open defecation in Nadia, India. The key approaches include using community-led total sanitation to trigger behavior change, linking government and non-government organizations, community-led monitoring, and convergence with other departments. Strategies focus on raising demand, strengthening the supply chain, mobilizing resources, and monitoring construction and toilet use. Toilets are constructed and supply chains are managed through agreements with self-help groups and local governments. Lessons learned emphasize the importance of social mobilization, breaking large goals into smaller targets, women's participation, convergence, intensive monitoring, and institutionalizing systems for long-term sustainability.
The document outlines Prime Minister Modi's "Swachhta Abhiyan" cleanliness campaign in Delhi. It describes the campaign's goal of having individuals devote 2 hours per week to cleaning - their home, neighborhood, workplace, etc. It provides details on how to organize cleaning of neighborhoods, markets, schools and other public places. It explains the plan to recruit 30,000 volunteers to spread awareness across Delhi and form cleanliness committees in each voting district. The overall goal is to improve public health and community bonding through collaborative clean-up efforts.
SDPSSNGO 3 years annual report
With Regards,
J. SAM DEVADURAI
Programme Manager
E-mail : sdpssngo@in.com
sdpssngo@gmail.com
Ph - 0427 - 2310575
Cell-9629330025
SALEM DISTRICT PEOPLE SERVICE SOCIETY
SALEM.
Our Profile in following links,
www.samhita.org/ngos/salem-district-people-service-society
The document summarizes the work of IRB Social Initiative to address issues of unsafe drinking water, lack of sanitation, and hygienic practices in Maliyon Ki Jhopariya village in Tonk, Rajasthan. IRB School conducted surveys that found only 10% toilet coverage and open defecation. Students organized to raise awareness and build 13 low-cost toilets. Community members now understand the importance of sanitation and girls' education. Moving forward, the students will continue their campaign to eliminate open defecation and promote hygiene.
How does your media product represent different social groups?deyo101
The document discusses how an R&B magazine was designed to appeal to and represent the photographer's social group. Several design elements were considered, including clothing styles, hand gestures, direct eye contact, distinctive poses, bright lighting, medium shots from low angles, and affordable pricing. The overall goal was to feature fashion, music, and celebrities that the target audience of young, urban, working class listeners would find attractive and relatable.
S M Sehgal Foundation is a public, charitable trust registered in India in 1999.
MISSION
Our mission is to strengthen community-led development initiatives to achieve positive social, economic and environmental change across rural India.
VISION
We envision every person across rural India empowered to lead a more secure, prosperous, and dignified life.
To date, we have reached nearly 250,000 people living in 470 villages in Haryana, Rajasthan and Bihar.
India has long had the highest rate of open defecation in the world, with 58% of the global total. However, the district of Nadia in West Bengal has launched an ambitious community-led initiative called Sobar Souchagar to make the entire district free of open defecation by March 2015. The program provides subsidies and training to construct toilets for rural and urban households, with over 26 million already built. It is coordinated across various government programs and self-help groups. Through these concerted efforts, open defecation rates have declined significantly in Nadia compared to other parts of India and neighboring countries. The district magistrate aims to make Nadia the first fully open defecation free district in the
This document presents a seminar on the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign by Richa Sharma. The campaign aims to clean streets, roads, and infrastructure across India. It was launched in 2014 by Prime Minister Modi to fulfill Gandhi's vision of a clean India. The objectives of the campaign are to develop community sanitation facilities, increase public awareness of cleanliness, and accomplish an open defecation free India by 2019. While the campaign faces challenges due to India's large population and changing behaviors, over 6 million toilets have been built and some states and villages have been declared open defecation free. Continued efforts are needed to educate people and make cleanliness a priority.
The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched in 2014 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to fulfill Mahatma Gandhi's vision of a Clean India. The mission aims to eliminate open defecation through the construction of household and community toilets, and establish an integrated system for solid and liquid waste management by 2019. It covers both rural and urban areas, with sub-missions to achieve the objectives of providing sanitation facilities and ending manual scavenging across India.
The Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan (Clean India Mission) was launched in 2014 by Prime Minister Modi with the goal of eliminating open defecation and improving solid waste management across India by October 2019. It aims to build over 11 crore toilets in rural areas and upgrade waste management systems in cities. Progress has been made with over 1.5 crore toilets sanctioned and 43 lakh constructed, but critics argue the goals may not be achievable given India's waste generation and the challenges of changing habits and behaviors at a large scale by the 2019 deadline.
Towards cleaner India: Providing Clean Drinking Water and Proper Sanitation Facility to all. The document discusses the current poor status of sanitation in India, with over 50 million people defecating in the open daily. It outlines reasons for poor sanitation such as illiteracy and lack of awareness. Five cornerstones are proposed: awareness programs, improving hygiene, supplying filtered water, providing water storage, and adopting new techniques to reduce pipeline leakage. Challenges include economic issues, health problems from chlorination, and illiteracy hindering awareness. Investing $1 in sanitation can save $9 in health, education and economic development. Case studies show initiatives in slums and towns that eliminated open def
This document discusses India's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign for cleanliness. The campaign aims to eliminate open defecation and ensure proper solid waste management by October 2019. It involves constructing toilets and raising public awareness. Funding is shared between central and state governments. New technologies like bio-digesters are being developed to safely process human waste. However, challenges remain in financing, waste disposal systems, and addressing social factors that limit sanitation access for some groups. The conclusion urges citizens to participate in the campaign by keeping India clean.
The document summarizes the Swachh Bharat mission launched in India in 2014. The objectives are to make India open defecation free by 2019 and ensure solid and liquid waste management. The mission provides support for community sanitary complexes and allocates funds for information, education and communication campaigns. It aims to create demand and behavior change through intensified campaigns and incentives to build toilets. Recent initiatives include financial support for household toilets and guidelines for participation of NGOs and sanitation for disabled people.
- Prem Jyoti has been working to improve health among the Malto tribe in Jharkhand since 1996 through a network of 86 community health volunteers, 10 peripheral clinics, and a 20-bed hospital.
- In 2010-2011, the community health program saw increases in treatments provided by volunteers and health education sessions while peripheral clinics saw a decrease in total beneficiaries.
- The hospital saw increases in total and normal vaginal deliveries as well as instrumental deliveries while maternal and newborn mortality rates remained high.
Dr. Chennamaneni Ramesh, an MLA, launched a project 3 years ago to provide purified drinking water to all 70 villages and 3 lakh people in the Vemulawada constituency in order to improve health. The project uses reverse osmosis and UV technology to purify brackish water. It has established 65 water plants serving 2.4 lakh people across 5 mandals. The project provides employment and the water is sold at subsidized rates to help the poor. Feedback shows the water has reduced water-borne diseases in the area.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan cleanliness mission on October 2, 2014 to honor Mahatma Gandhi's dream of a clean India. The mission aims to eliminate open defecation by 2019 and provide toilets to every rural household through constructing over 11 crore toilets. It also seeks to promote sustainable sanitation practices and improve public health. The campaign has gained momentum through cleanliness drives conducted across the country by celebrities, politicians, and institutions. Maintaining cleanliness is essential for India to progress and for people to enjoy better physical, mental, social, and intellectual well-being.
The lack of connectivity, training, education, performance management, are major contributors to poor sanitation in most parts of India, and we believe that technology can be leveraged to play a vital role in improving sanitation efforts in the country.
This document discusses a Rotary District 3300 initiative to promote water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) projects, particularly the "Toilet for Rural School" project. It provides the objective to promote clean water, sanitation and hygiene for schools in line with international initiatives. It outlines the criteria, components, costing and funding considerations for the toilet projects in rural schools, noting the availability of global grants to fund qualifying projects. It also announces an upcoming WASH conference to discuss WASH projects and Rotary's areas of focus.
Nuv shuddhi - a step towards swachh Bharat.Aadesh Shah
Navrachana University held an event called NUVshuddhi to promote the Swachh Bharat initiative. Students developed ideas and action plans to clean up their cities. Over 127 entries were received with solutions like establishing a cleanliness police force, adopting villages for maintenance, and managing waste through recycling and proper disposal. The document outlines current cleanliness issues and proposes a holistic approach through public awareness, greenery programs, and modified funding structures to build a cleaner India.
This document outlines a proven model to eliminate open defecation in Nadia, India. The key approaches include using community-led total sanitation to trigger behavior change, linking government and non-government organizations, community-led monitoring, and convergence with other departments. Strategies focus on raising demand, strengthening the supply chain, mobilizing resources, and monitoring construction and toilet use. Toilets are constructed and supply chains are managed through agreements with self-help groups and local governments. Lessons learned emphasize the importance of social mobilization, breaking large goals into smaller targets, women's participation, convergence, intensive monitoring, and institutionalizing systems for long-term sustainability.
The document outlines Prime Minister Modi's "Swachhta Abhiyan" cleanliness campaign in Delhi. It describes the campaign's goal of having individuals devote 2 hours per week to cleaning - their home, neighborhood, workplace, etc. It provides details on how to organize cleaning of neighborhoods, markets, schools and other public places. It explains the plan to recruit 30,000 volunteers to spread awareness across Delhi and form cleanliness committees in each voting district. The overall goal is to improve public health and community bonding through collaborative clean-up efforts.
SDPSSNGO 3 years annual report
With Regards,
J. SAM DEVADURAI
Programme Manager
E-mail : sdpssngo@in.com
sdpssngo@gmail.com
Ph - 0427 - 2310575
Cell-9629330025
SALEM DISTRICT PEOPLE SERVICE SOCIETY
SALEM.
Our Profile in following links,
www.samhita.org/ngos/salem-district-people-service-society
The document summarizes the work of IRB Social Initiative to address issues of unsafe drinking water, lack of sanitation, and hygienic practices in Maliyon Ki Jhopariya village in Tonk, Rajasthan. IRB School conducted surveys that found only 10% toilet coverage and open defecation. Students organized to raise awareness and build 13 low-cost toilets. Community members now understand the importance of sanitation and girls' education. Moving forward, the students will continue their campaign to eliminate open defecation and promote hygiene.
How does your media product represent different social groups?deyo101
The document discusses how an R&B magazine was designed to appeal to and represent the photographer's social group. Several design elements were considered, including clothing styles, hand gestures, direct eye contact, distinctive poses, bright lighting, medium shots from low angles, and affordable pricing. The overall goal was to feature fashion, music, and celebrities that the target audience of young, urban, working class listeners would find attractive and relatable.
S M Sehgal Foundation is a public, charitable trust registered in India in 1999.
MISSION
Our mission is to strengthen community-led development initiatives to achieve positive social, economic and environmental change across rural India.
VISION
We envision every person across rural India empowered to lead a more secure, prosperous, and dignified life.
To date, we have reached nearly 250,000 people living in 470 villages in Haryana, Rajasthan and Bihar.
House style refers to a magazine maintaining consistent layout, colors, fonts, logos and picture placement throughout issues. This establishes a distinctive and recognizable format for readers. Most magazines today employ house style to build their brand identity and provide readers with familiarity issue to issue. For example, music magazine NME always places its masthead in the top left corner, keeping its size and font consistent. This reinforces the magazine's house style and brand.
This document proposes a music video for the song "So Good" by Louisa Johnson. It suggests filming a 18-year-old upcoming retro R&B/soul singer named Jemima lip syncing and acting out a narrative of falling to temptation in a parking lot. The video aims to match the conventions of the R&B genre through performance aspects as well as a build up of events showing it's good to let go. Effects like distortion and shaking camera are mentioned to portray being under the influence of alcohol.
The document analyzes the contents page of three different magazines.
For the first magazine, the summary focuses on how the masthead stands out against the black background and how the main image of Ciara is positioned in a provocative way to attract male viewers.
The second magazine maintains consistency with its smaller masthead on each page and uses famous artists in its images to promote them and attract their fans. The main image of Keri Hilson is relevant to an article about her in that issue.
The third magazine uses a large, eye-catching masthead covering most of the page that matches Katy Perry's young target audience. Katy Perry dominates the main image and uses a prop of a
SlideShare #3 Leadership in Retail - Brian VillwockBrian Villwock
Leadership in retail requires both managing tasks and leading people. Effective retail leaders motivate and inspire employees through communication, training, praising good performance and constructive criticism. They lead by example in customer interactions. Leaders must find a balance between being task-oriented and developing relationships, using both transactional and transformational leadership styles. Framing language and setting the right context are important communication tools for retail leaders.
SlideShare #1 - Sherwin Williams & Organizational CommunicationBrian Villwock
Sherwin Williams has introduced new environmentally friendly paints and stains that provide customized features for customers. These products help eliminate bacteria, contaminants, and odors. To address challenges like globalization, terrorism, and climate change, Sherwin Williams uses technology to develop safer products, acquires other companies to expand globally, and reduces emissions from paints. While advancing external communication through social media and apps, Sherwin Williams has not updated internal technologies like order management systems.
The NFL denied the link between head injuries in football and long-term brain damage for many years despite mounting scientific evidence (latent conflict). As more research was published and former players experienced severe health issues, the conflict became perceived and felt between the NFL and researchers/players. Manifest conflict occurred as the issue could no longer be ignored, leading to a $765 million settlement in 2013 after years of avoidance by the NFL. The aftermath involved collaboration between the two sides, including rule changes, research funding, and continued efforts to make the game safer (conflict aftermath).
The document discusses Mahatma Gandhi's views on cleanliness and sanitation and outlines the objectives and concepts to be covered in a seminar on the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. It provides details on the various national sanitation programs in India from the Central Rural Sanitation Programme in 1986 to the current Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched in 2014. It also summarizes the features, results and challenges of each program.
The document discusses the Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya campaign, which aims to ensure that every school in India has functioning water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. It notes that providing such facilities creates a healthy school environment, protects children from illness, and helps promote attendance, particularly for girls. Ensuring access to clean toilets and water supports school nutrition and allows students to realize their full potential.
Water, Sanitation And Hygiene - The Basics.pdfmalikkavita
India has made progress on an unprecedented scale with respect to access to water and sanitation. Now to ensure the sustained usage of toilets along with hygiene practices, is the way forward.
The Rural Health and Environment Programme (RHEP) is implemented in poor villages in Orissa to improve quality of life through integrated rural development. RHEP aims to provide services and resources to overcome marginalization and enable community-driven development. The program focuses on adivasi, dalit, and poor communities and aims to ensure 100% village participation in building sanitation infrastructure and drinking water supply to create a self-sustaining development process. Key aspects of RHEP include community contributions to development and maintenance costs, promotion of women's empowerment and health, and support for housing, livelihoods, and infrastructure development.
The document discusses the history and goals of rural sanitation programs in India. It outlines several initiatives launched by the government since the 1950s to improve access to sanitation facilities and end open defecation in rural areas. These include the Central Rural Sanitation Program (CRSP) in 1986, the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in 1999, Nirmal Gram Puruskar in 2003 to reward villages with full sanitation coverage, and Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in 2012 with a community-led approach. The overarching goal is to promote hygiene and public health through access to toilets, solid and liquid waste management, and behavior change.
Shree Vivekanand Research and Training Institute was established in 1975 to promote sustainable rural development in 225 villages in Kutch, Gujarat. The organization focuses on activities like rainwater harvesting, watershed development, drinking water distribution, livelihood programs, health and education. Specific activities discussed include constructing water harvesting structures, promoting water conservation, forming self-help groups, improving fisheries, publishing an educational magazine, and documenting successful development programs.
This project aims to improve access to clean water and sanitation in rural Cambodia. It will construct new water points and repair existing ones for 29 villages, establishing a maintenance program to ensure long-term sustainability. It will also promote better hygiene practices through community workshops and build latrines in 8 schools. This 3-year project, which complements government goals, expects to train local maintenance teams and gradually transfer responsibility to community water groups and provincial authorities to continue support after project completion.
Dasra is India's leading strategic philanthropy foundation that aims to transform the lives of 800 million Indians through knowledge creation, capacity building, collaboration, and fundraising. Since 1999, Dasra has engaged with over 3,000 organizations, influenced 280 crore INR towards the social sector, and improved life chances for over 10 million people. The document discusses the need for improved sanitation in India and outlines several high impact interventions for building and maintaining effective toilet infrastructure in schools, including behavior change communication, appropriate design of toilets, training stakeholders, and partnerships with local government.
The document discusses rural sanitation programs in India from the 1950s to present. It summarizes key government sanitation initiatives including the Central Rural Sanitation Programme (1986), Total Sanitation Campaign (1999), Nirmal Gram Puruskar (2003), Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (2012), and Swachh Bharat Mission (2014). The goal of these programs has been to improve rural sanitation, hygiene and health through activities like subsidizing latrine construction, increasing awareness, and incentivizing open defecation free communities and districts.
WF PPT Life Wins 12.01.16 Final 08022016Sarah Tantray
Wockhardt Foundation is committed to addressing health inequities and bringing relief to the diseased, hope to the suffering, and improving quality of life for the underprivileged. It operates 9 programs including mobile health clinics, education initiatives, and sanitation projects. Through these programs, over 22 million patients have received free healthcare services. The foundation aims to expand its impact and ensure that life wins out in India's rural pockets.
The document discusses India's sanitation problem and various initiatives to address it. It begins with quotes highlighting the scale of open defecation in India. It then outlines the agenda which includes an introduction to the problem, costs of poor sanitation, government initiatives, roles of private/non-profit sectors, and lessons for future managers. Key points are that 60% of global open defecation occurs in India, affecting over 600 million people. Government programs like Nirmal Bharat and Swachh Bharat face challenges around implementation, awareness, and socioeconomic factors. The private sector and NGOs contribute through initiatives and technologies. Recommendations focus on enabling household access to toilets, ensuring facilities in
Kalapandhari Magasvargiya and Adivasi Gramin Vikas Sanstha - KMAGVScryindia34
KMAGVS is an organization working to improve lives in 65 villages in Latur district, Maharashtra. The region faces many challenges like drought, poor infrastructure, lack of livelihood options and widespread poverty. KMAGVS focuses on health, education, community mobilization and youth initiatives. It has helped provide drinking water, activate health centers, introduce mid-day meals and increase school enrollment. Collective farming and women's groups have helped economically. CRY supports KMAGVS' work on non-formal education and campaigns to mobilize communities for their rights.
The document discusses a sanitation and hygiene drive in Muzaffarnagar, India led by Abhinav. It aims to improve sanitation conditions and educate school children about hygiene practices. Specifically, Abhinav launched an initiative called "Flush n Pride" to convert dry latrines into pour flush latrines and build new toilets to provide sanitation access for all citizens. They have also distributed sanitation and hygiene kits to school children and aim to curb childhood deaths from poor sanitation and hygiene by educating children who can then influence their families and communities.
The document summarizes efforts in the province of Masbate, Philippines to improve sanitation using a phased approach recommended by UNICEF and the World Bank. Over 100 officials participated in a summit to adopt this approach, which encourages communities to build affordable toilets in phases until open defecation is eliminated. Several municipalities have increased budgets for sanitation and the province will provide financial incentives to the first barangay in each municipality to achieve zero open defecation status. UNICEF is supporting the involvement of children as agents of change through hygiene kits, training, and a musical play about water and sanitation.
This document discusses objectives of a project on sanitation. It defines sanitation and provides examples of poor sanitation in rural and urban areas. It discusses the impacts of poor sanitation on health, including diseases. It outlines efforts under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign for rural and urban sanitation. Key obstacles to proper sanitation are identified as lack of awareness, infrastructure issues, and socioeconomic factors. Improving sanitation can decrease stunting and mortality rates while increasing school attendance and employment. Small actions like awareness programs and cleanliness drives are recommended.
Innovations in Sanitation: Transforming Communities and Lives in the Clean In...malikkavita
As we continue to embrace these innovations, we move one step closer to the dream of a clean India, where every citizen has access to clean and safe sanitation facilities. The impact of these innovations goes beyond infrastructure; they transform communities and lives, improving health, dignity, and overall well-being. In the pursuit of this noble mission, we must acknowledge the remarkable innovations that are helping us achieve a clean India. Together, with the Indian Sanitation Coalition, we can make it happen.
Towards cleaner India: Providing Clean Drinking Water and Proper Sanitation Facility to all. The document discusses the current poor status of sanitation in India, with over 50 million people defecating in the open daily. It outlines reasons for poor sanitation such as illiteracy and lack of awareness. Five cornerstones are proposed: awareness programs, improving hygiene, supplying filtered water, providing water storage, and adopting new techniques to reduce pipeline leakage. Challenges include economic issues, potential health effects of chlorination, and illiteracy hindering awareness programs. Investing in sanitation could enhance health and economic development, yet the sector remains neglected in India.
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1. 1
Swachh Gaon Kalwari: A convergence of communities and village institutions
Debika Goswami and Vikas Jha
Governance and Policy Advocacy
Sehgal Foundation
“Improving sanitation facilities and making them sustainable means changing
behaviour. Helping people to understand the importance of their toilets can inspire
them to invest their time and resources in upgrading these facilities and taking care of
them. The benefits of a toilet are not only health-related–the pride, dignity and
convenience they bring are usually more important in convincing people to use them.”1
According to the 2011 Census report, fewer than half of Indian homes have toilets. The
2012 National Sample Survey Office records reinforce this abysmal state of sanitation
in India reporting that only 32 percent of rural households in India have toilets.2
There
are important exceptions, however, such as in Kalwari village of Tauru block in Mewat
district of the state of Haryana,3
where villagers have worked hard to create
sustainable sanitation practices. Almost 90 percent of the Kalwari households have
constructed toilets, and the village has almost no open defecation. The village has
proper drainage and a garbage disposal system for waste management. In achieving
these sanitation successes, Kalwari residents have taken great strides toward
achieving healthy and dignified lives. This village, which once struggled with the
sanitation issue like thousands of other villages in India, serves as exemplar for
creating Swachh Gaons (clean villages).
I. Knowing Kalwari Gaon
The village of Kalwari, per the 2011 Census, has 519 resident families with a
population of 2,751 (1,462 males and 1,289 females). The village is located at the
border of Mewat and Gurgaon districts,4
twenty-four kms north from district
headquarters at Nuh and eight kms from Tauru block headquarters. Kalwari has four
anganwadi centers5
and two government schools. The village’s overall literacy rate is
78.38 percent, 89.31 percent (male) and 65.99 percent (female). Agriculture is the
1
Beatrice Mosello, Mariana Matoso, and Julian Doczi,“Sewage, septic tanks and social inequalities,” Overseas Development India, 19
Nov 2014, http://www.odi.org/comment/8984-sewage-septic-tanks-social-inequalities.
2
“The Great Indian Sanitation Crisis,” Livemint, Jan 1, 2014, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/zoKlf2uRgrGTn22qH6YorO/The
great-Indian-sanitation-crisis.html.
3
Mewat district in Haryana is the core area of Sehgal Foundation work. The district has 431 villages, a population of 1.1 million, and
a gender ratio of 906:1,000 females to males per the 2011 census. Literacy rates are 56.1 percent (male) and 37.6 percent (female);
access to toilet facilities is 16.2 percent.
4
The city of Gurgaon in Haryana is located immediately south of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, 32 kilometers (20 mi)
southwest of New Delhi and 268 kilometers southwest of Chandigarh, the state capital. As of 2011 Gurgaon had a population of
876,824. With rapid urbanization, Gurgaon has become a leading financial and industrial hub with the third highest per capita
income in India.
5
Preschool day care centers for children six months to six years old.
2. 2
primary occupation in the village. The majority of young people seeks and accepts
government jobs.
The study of Kalwari was undertaken in January 2016 by Sehgal Foundation.6
The
nonprofit organization’s work in the district of Mewat since 1999 has focused on water
management, agricultural development, and promoting good rural governance.
Through its good rural governance program, Sehgal Foundation has used a
community-led, interactive approach to create the conditions for more active civic
engagement among poor rural citizens and to strengthen the capacities of local
government to be more accountable and effective. With this approach in mind, the
methodology followed in this study of change in Kalwari, where Sehgal Foundation is
working since the last five years approximately, included (I) discussions with different
social groups and village-level institutions (II) interviews with key community leaders
and teachers, the sarpanch, and other panchayat members, and (III) a “transect
walk”7
of the village with community leaders.
II. Sanitation Status in Kalwari
Sustainability through community engagement has become a mantra for Swachh Gaon
in recent years after earlier top-led and construction-oriented attempts to improve
sanitation failed to motivate people. Factors critical for sustained sanitation behavior
changes include the involvement of communities and public institutions and increased
public awareness about the benefits of changing sanitation behaviors. Hence this study
focused on the construction of sanitary facilities and on their maintenance and usage
by the community. Status checks of sanitary facilities examined personal hygiene, use
of functional toilets, water availability, and proper waste management. The research
team conducted the checks at the following locations in Kalwari: (1) individual
households, (2) Anganwadi centers and (3) schools.
1. Individual household sanitation
Good personal and food hygiene, consumption of safe
drinking water, and proper disposal of human excreta
are major factors that can improve the quality of
individual household-level sanitation.
The drive for construction of individual household
latrines in Kalwari began with the Total Sanitation
6
S M Sehgal Foundation (Sehgal Foundation) was established as a charitable trust in 1999 with the mission of strengthening
community-led development initiatives to achieve positive social, economic, and environmental change across rural India. The
foundation team works together with rural communities to create sustainable programs for managing water resources, increasing
agricultural productivity, and strengthening rural governance.
7
Transect walk is a systematic walk inside the village along with the local villagers to describe and show the distribution of village
resources and other features.
Figure 1: Individual Household Level
Sanitation
3. 3
Campaign (TSC) that was launched in 1999. Though many toilets were constructed
under TSC, their usage remained limited due to a lack of public awareness about the ill
effects of open defecation. Community meetings and trainings by village-level
institutions such as the gram panchayat (village council) and Village Health, Sanitation
and Nutrition committee, and awareness-generation programs on radio and television
inspired villagers to bring about change. As a result, toilet construction in the village
increased significantly. Ninety percent of households built new toilets under Nirmal
Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India campaign) in 2012–13, and villagers gradually
incorporated hygienic practices into their daily lives. They now regularly wash their
hands before cooking and eating and after the using the toilet. Cooked food is mostly
kept covered, and kitchen sheds are regularly cleaned after meal preparation. Most of
the single-pit toilets, as seen during the village walk, are cleaned regularly and the
water supply is supplemented with the use of submersible water pumps. Scavenging
work, such as the removal of human waste from pit latrines, is systematically done by
machine.
2. School Sanitation
The two government schools of Kalwari
have separate toilets for boys, girls,
people with disabilities, and staff. The
toilets are regularly used by students as
well as teachers. The sweeper appointed
by school authorities maintains the
toilets and the school campus overall.
The cooks maintain the kitchen where
they prepare midday meals. The schools
have clean water tanks, submersible water pumps, and hand
pumps. During the school visit, students were seen washing
their hands and plates before collecting their midday meals.
Wall paintings and posters on hygienic practices were not
found in the schools, but students said that the physical
training teacher checks their nails, dress, and general
cleanliness every day before school. Teachers interact
periodically with the students on the importance of and
connection between hygienic practices and physical fitness.
3. Anganwadi Sanitation
Two of the four anganwadi centers in Kalwari are located
on school campuses. An anganwadi “worker” is in charge of
the center’s activities and an anganwadi “helper” is
Figure 2 & 3: Separate toilets for boys and girls
Figure 5: Posters in the anganwadi
center
Figure 4: Students washing plates in
school before receiving their Midday
Meal
4. 4
responsible for the overall cleanliness of the center.8
The helper cleans the rooms,
kitchen areas and toilets. Two centers share the school toilets and water supply. The
centers outside the school campus have access to water from handpumps that the
gram panchayat had installed nearby. One of the anganwadi centers had a poster
display on good hygiene practices. Children in another center said that in addition to
general preschool education, the anganwadi worker provides lessons on hygienic
practices from time to time.
Availability of water
Regular availability of water for drinking and other daily use is a key indicator of
sustainable sanitation. In village Kalwari, the gram panchayat had twenty-five
handpumps installed for the supply of safe drinking water. In addition, seven
government water supply connections were installed by the Public Health Engineering
Department (PHED) to maintain an adequate supply of water in the village. During the
village walk, researchers noted that approximately 40 percent of the households had
submersible water pumps to ensure a reliable water supply.
Waste Management
A suitable waste management system is essential for good
health and dignified living. In Kalwari, solid waste including
animal waste at the household and community levels is
disposed into individual pits located outside the village.
These waste materials are converted into compost and used
later in agricultural fields. Households that do not use the
waste compost can sell it. Liquid waste from households and
the rest of the village flows through concrete drains to a
common water body. The village submitted a proposal to
build a water treatment plant to process the liquid waste,
which PHED is considering. In 2014, the gram panchayat
selected a space about 500 meters away from the village
as a waste disposal complex for solid waste. The villagers
expect it to be functional in 2016. Due to the solid and
liquid waste management systems in place, village roads
seen during the walk were dry and free of debris. Two
sweepers recruited by the gram panchayat maintain the
overall cleanliness of the village roads and drains.
8 An anganwadi worker is in overall charge of the center and its activities mostly preschool education and awareness generation
among children and pregnant and lactating women about good health and hygiene practices, supervision of cooking and distribution
of meals, maintenance of accounts, and so on. The anganwadi helper prepares and distributes meals, manages children who visit the
centers, and maintains the overall cleanliness of the centers.
Figure 6: Concrete drain in Kalwari
Figure 7: Village road
5. 5
III Making of the Swachh Gaon Kalwari
The Bellagio Principles for Sustainable Sanitation,9
endorsed by the members of the
Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council10
during its 5th
Global Forum in
November 2000, have identified the main cornerstones of sustainable sanitation as
human dignity, quality of life, and environmental security at the household level;
participation of all stakeholders, especially the consumers and providers of services in
decision making; and consideration of waste as a resource and its holistic
management. Using this framework for the review of Kalwari proved to be exemplary.
Over an approximate five-year period, the villagers came to a profound understanding
of the ill effects of poor sanitation practices and how to bring about change. Kalwari
became a Swachh Gaon due to peer influence on behavior change as well as the
proactive role adopted by government functionaries at the village, block, and district
levels. The following sections examine each of these factors and their roles in
influencing the sanitation of Kalwari.
1. Village-Level Institutions led from the front
Kalwari’s village-level institutions played pivotal roles in improving the status of
hygiene and sanitation. The gram panchayat, the School Management Committee , and
the Village Health, Sanitation, and Nutrition Committee members worked together to
achieve a clean village.
The gram panchayat mobilized government funds to bring about positive change in the
status of sanitation in Kalwari. The sarpanch and other PRI members during their
2010–2015 tenure utilized all available funds allocated under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan
and by PHED and other government departments to improve sanitation in Kalwari. The
gram panchayat not only encouraged construction of toilets at the household level, but
also took an active part in the disbursement of Rs. 18 lacs to each beneficiary (Rs.
4,600 for each individual household). The panchayat formed a monitoring committee
consisting of PRI members, community leaders, and ex-army men who supervised the
construction of toilets before disbursing the funds. The gram panchayat arranged for
installation of water storage tanks in schools, two new government water supply
connections, and approximately twenty hand pumps in the village.
9
Schertenleib R, Morel A, J Kalbermatten J, and D Saywell, (2003) “Guidelines for the Implementation of the Bellagio Principles and
the Household-Centered Environmental Sanitation Approach
(HCES),”http://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/Domain1/Abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/SESP/HCES_and_Bellagio/Schertenleib_More
l_Kalbermatten_2003.pdf
10
The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) is a United Nations membership organization that advocates for
improved sanitation and hygiene for the most vulnerable and marginalized people around the world. Its main focus areas are large-
scale sanitation and hygiene behavior-change programs through the Global Sanitation Fund, promoting sanitation and hygiene as
the gateway to inclusion and opportunity, and bringing together leaders and activists to strengthen the global sanitation movement.
6. 6
The sarpanch and other panchayat members took an
active role in keeping the village clean. The gram
panchayat recruited two sweepers and provided them
with basic equipment to maintain the general cleanliness
of the village on a daily basis. The gram panchayat also
took the initiative to construct roads and drains and
ensure that they are cleaned at regular intervals, and to
install solar lights in the streets of the village to improve
travel safety after dark. The gram panchayat spread
awareness about the benefits of improved sanitation and
hygiene practices through wall paintings and community
meetings. The gram sabha also made meaningful contributions by providing an open
platform to the gram panchayat members and communities to discuss issues of
sanitation and necessary follow-up. Based on the outcome of those discussions, the
gram panchayat appealed for funds from relevant government departments and
undertook actions utilizing available funds.
School Management Committee members performed the important role of monitoring
school campuses to maintain cleanliness. They regularly oversee the cleanliness of the
campuses in general and of the toilets and kitchens in particular, and they check the
quality of midday meals from time to time. In case students fail to come to school in
clean uniforms, the committee members play a vital role in discussing these issues
with the respective teachers and parents. Sunita Devi, a member in Kalwari, shared
during her personal interview that their meetings serve as a useful platform to discuss
issues of sanitation and healthy environment with the
teachers.
Members of the village Health, Sanitation, and Nutrition
Committee (VHSNC) have also played a critical role in
improving sanitation practices in the village. They conduct
awareness generation meetings with the villagers in small
groups, including marginalized people such as women,
young girls, and children. Committee members discuss
hygiene practices both at the personal and household levels, children’s health and
vaccinations, pregnant women’s health, and cleanliness of toilets and kitchens. In
collaboration with the gram panchayat, the committee used Rs. 30,000 allocated by
Health Department11
for constructing drains, and spraying from time to time to keep
the village free of flies and mosquitoes.
11
Rs. 10,000 is an annual grant to each VHSNC by the Health Department.
Figure 8: Wall Painting by Gram
Panchayat
Figure 9: Rajbala, VHSNC member
7. 7
2. Government support and monitoring create a positive environment
Regular monitoring by government functionaries keeps a check on the performance of
the village-level institutions as well as motivating the latter for more effective
execution of responsibilities. Representatives from the Office of the Additional Deputy
Commissioner periodically visit Kalwari to supervise the sanitation status. During group
discussion, villagers shared that on one recent occasion the additional deputy
commissioner paid a surprise visit at 5:00 a.m. to Kalwari to check on whether anyone
would be found practicing open defecation. Representatives from PHED verify the
quality of water once or twice a year. Representatives from the Health Department
conduct health check-ups of school children approximately once a quarter. The gram
prerak (village motivator) in charge of the Swachh Bharat Mission at the block level
often visits the village to check overall cleanliness, waste management, and conditions
of roads, school and anganwadi sanitation, as well as household latrines. Regular
monitoring by officers from different government departments ensures compliance by
villagers and also deters unscrupulous elements from littering and draining household
water on the streets.
3. Communities show willingness to adopt changes
Collective behavior changes within the community in of Kalwari created a much-
desired better and healthier environment. Villagers acted on the awareness they
gained about the benefits of proper hygiene and sanitation.
Construction of toilets is sometimes easier than creating the habit of using them.
Toilets are often used as store rooms or cow sheds. However, the villagers of Kalwari
have willingly conformed to the desired behavior of toilet use and improved personal
hygiene, maintenance and cleanliness of households, schools, anganwadi, and the
village in general, thereby making their village a Swachh Gaon.
Behavior change in Kalwari can be attributed to increased levels of awareness and
education among the villagers. Knowledge and information about the ill effects of living
in a filthy environment leading to diseases and untimely deaths had a strong
psychological impact on the villagers. Peer influence also worked as a binding force in
this respect. Sehgal Foundation’s Good Governance Now! initiative in Village
Leadership School sessions provided selected community leaders (named as Sushasan
Champions) with information about the ill effects of poor sanitation practices and made
them aware of the benefits of good hygiene habits. These champions know and
understand the provisions under Swachh Bharat Mission. Thus greater citizen
participation and public awareness have led to effective implementation of sanitation
programs of government.
8. 8
4. Women play critical roles in influencing good practices of sanitation
and hygiene
Women and girls are traditionally responsible for domestic water supply, sanitation,
and maintaining a hygienic environment in village homes. As managers at the
household level, women also have a higher stake in the improvement of community
water and sanitation services and in sustaining facilities. Rajbala’s (VHSNC member in
Kalwari) observation in this regard is apt. She shared that the increase in awareness
levels with greater dissemination of knowledge about good hygiene practices among
women in Kalwari has changed the face of sanitation and created a healthy
environment across households. Meetings of VHSNC as well as Village Leadership
School sessions of the ‘Good Governance Now’ initiative have mobilized women by
putting stress on the importance of good hygiene habits, which has gradually
influenced their thinking. Slowly villagers stopped age-old poor sanitation habits and
started accepting changes. They ceased open defecation, began regular cleaning of
toilets and kitchens, washed their hands, used soaps, and properly disposed of
garbage. Though stereotypical gender roles continue in the village, some of the
Sushasan Champions mentioned in the group discussion that even male members of
their families now take an active part in maintaining cleanliness.
Conclusion
The collective action in Kalwari that achieved sustainable sanitation can be replicated
in other villages. The partnerships between communities, village-level institutions,
government departments, and nonprofit organizations led to the creation of a Swachh
Gaon in Kalwari over a period of five years. Election of an informed, public-spirited
sarpanch and good ward members created an environment in which elected
representatives knew their roles and responsibilities and were better able to plan for
development and use development funds in their village. Awareness generation by the
gram panchayat and Sehgal Foundation, and a campaign by school children, spread
the message of sanitation to every family in the village. Moreover, the School
Management Committee members, teachers, anganwadi workers, and women
members of the Village Health, Sanitation, and Nutrition Committee carried out
intensive awareness-generation drives among women and children, which led to
behavioral changes in sanitation practices. The district administration played a
significant role by monitoring sanitation projects and releasing funds on time.
Voluntary efforts to bring changes in villages in India go to waste unless they are
accompanied by strict monitoring and fear of penalty by village institutions. In the case
of Kalwari, the coordinated, proactive role of the gram panchayat, community
monitoring mechanisms, and government officers’ regular visits ensured village
compliance with sanitation norms. Kalwari’s proximity to Gurgaon, the financial and
industrial hub of Haryana, the residents’ high literacy rate (79 percent), and
9. 9
community leadership groups created by as part of Sehgal Foundation training
programs promoted social capital leading to fast acceptance and sustainability of
sanitary practices. However, even without the favorable conditions in Kalwari, villages
may strive for replication of Swachh Gaon across India if communities and village
institutions make and act on a joint pledge to improve sanitation practices.