Sustainable Operations Management (Vol 6 Issue 1)

Editorial
SUSTAINABILITY IN OPERATIONS AND
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, A CHOICE
ORANOBLIGATION
It is only in the recent years that man has duly
understood the grave importance of conserving the
finite and semi-renewable resources and the limited
ability of ecosystems to ingest pollutants and the
irreversible damages conferred upon the nature by him.
Because the renewable supply of some of these existing
resources (e.g., water, forests, wildlife) or the rate at
which new resources were discovered (e.g., minerals, oil
fields, shale gas) vastly exceeded their consumption,
theirlimitednaturewasnothistoricallyperceivedtobea
binding constraint for the development of production
systems to fuel economic growth. The future, in which
these natural assets might become limiting resources
seemed distant, left largely to dystopian visions in film
and literature. However, that future is now in sight. Two
fundamental factors have thrown these constraints into
an unpropitious condition: population growth and
increasingpercapitaconsumption.
Where population growth threatens economic
sustainability, observing that population grew “in a
geometrical ratio” (i.e., exponentially), food production
or renewability of these resources grew “in an
arithmetical ratio” (i.e., linearly) only. The underlying
drivers—particularly population and income growth,
and greater access to consumer goods in developing
economies—do not seem likely to abate any time soon.
With the continuance of these trends, growth in global
consumption also projects forward, placing increasing
demandsonproductionsystemsworldwide.
But does this mean that no efforts have been put in light
of this? No, there have been many operation
management(OM)efficiencypracticesoverthepastfew
decades that have shaped how operations are
performed at individual industry level. These practices
originated from the manufacturing industry and over
time their concepts were applied to non-manufacturing
firms as well. Some of these practices are Total quality
management (TQM), Just-in-time operations (JIT), Six
Sigma, Business process re-engineering (BPR) and Lean
manufacturing. These OM efficiency practices have
enabled organizations to reduce product life cycle and to
conserve on the otherwise wasteful energies that were
putintotheoperationsatanymanufacturingplantlevel.
The relatively new kid on the block is sustainable
operation management. This has resulted from public
awareness of environmental degradation (and finite
availability of resources) pushing businesses to redefine
long term success incorporating environment and social
factors alongside the economic factors. This has
influenced business to no longer just think about the
financialbottomlinebuttothinkaboutthetriplebottom
line-planet,peopleandprofit.
The triple bottom line helps business to focus on
resource usage and waste management as part of
operational management to gain the efficiencies that
are required in our modern business environment.
Sustainable operation management is about embedding
the concepts of people, planet and profit within the
organization and across the supply chain. The picture
forward is not rosy, but we should try and make this grim
realitylessintimidating.
Swiya I
Editor-in-Chief
16pgp125.swiya@iimraipur.ac.in

Director ’s Message
I am happy to see Indian Institute of Management Raipur grew from
its modest beginning to its present day. In this journey, students have
played a key role through various club sand committees in developing
the academic rigor through various national events and in house
activities. OPEP, the Operations and Supply Chain Club of the
Institute has worked hard to make their presence felt in pan IIM
operations arena. Our students have successfully launched thirteen
issues ofthebiannuale-Magazine"STRIVE".
Since 2010, the club is releasing its bi-annual E-Magazine STRIVE
with each edition of STRIVE is focussing current trends in
Operations. I hope that this magazine will give you a brief insight into
thecurrentand futuretrendsofdevelopmentinthisdomain inIndia.
IwishOPEPagreatsuccess intheirendeavourandhopethatyou
enjoyreadingthispublication.
Prof.B.S.Sahay
2Volume 6 issue 1 November 2016

Contents
Exclusive interview with Mr. Atul Holkar, Senior
Vice President & Head of Merchandise and
Supplychainmanagement, RJCorpRetail.
Sustaining the Green Information
TechnologyMovement
-SumeetGupta
Gurumantra
Crossword
Why Manage Blood SCM?
- By Yash Wardhan
Current Trends In Sustainable Supply
Chain Management
Green Transport Practices in Steel Making
-By Gaurav Gawande
Sustainable Development in Operations
Management
-By Nikita Pendse
Trends
2
2
2
2
2
2
Student Articles
Regular
Featured Faculty article

Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Green Transport Practices in Steel Making
Gaurav Gawande is a PGP student at IIM Raipur. He completed his graduation in
Chemical Engineering from NIT Raipur. He has 33 months of work experience with
J i n d a l S t e e l a n d P o w e r L i m i t e d . H e c a n b e re a c h e d a t
16pgp020.gaurav@iimraipur.ac.in
ransportation of raw material always remained a major bottleneck for the manufacturing
Tsector, it is a very crucial part of the supply chain in a manufacturing unit. Steel industry is
no exception. Iron ore is one of the key raw materials in the manufacturing of steel. For
per ton production of steel approx. 1.8 tonnes of iron ore is used. Iron ore in the steel making is
used in two ways, directly in the form of lumps of the size range 10-40 mm and indirectly in the
form of pallets and sinters which uses iron ore fines (0.5 mm- 10mm range). During iron ore
mining large lumps of ores are crushed to required size and transported. During this process a lot
of fines is also produced which is subsequently used in palletisation process (Palletisation-
process of converting fines into aggregate mass). For the transportation of iron ore fines
companies rely on only railways and roadways. But following are the drawbacks in the above
Student Ar t i cles

Roadways:
Roadways is one of the major source of pollution in our country and yet it the major mode of
transportation with 65% of all freights being carried by road. This mode is one the major source of
greenhouse gas emission. This mode causes highest CO2 emission for per ton of material
transported per km. Though having several issues, this mode is used due to its last mile
connectivity and lack of railway infrastructure in the remote locations where mines and plants are
located.
TotalEmissionfromdifferentvehicletypesinIndia2013/14:
Railways:
Roadways is one of the major source of pollution in our country and yet it the major mode of
transportation with 65% of all freights being carried by road. This mode is one the major source of
greenhouse gas emission. This mode causes highest CO emission for per ton of material2
transported per km. Though having several issues, this mode is used due to its last mile
connectivity and lack of railway infrastructure in the remote locations where mines and plants are
located.
5 Operations & Supply Chain Club, IIM Raipur
Student Ar t i cles

TotalEmissionfromIndianRailways2013/14:
-FiguresareinThousandTonnes
Also above modes of transportation is not capable of handling fines of size less than 0.5mm. In
mining and crushing operation about 5% of <0.5mm iron ore fines are produced. Due to lack of
capabilityfortransportationthisproportionofironoregetswasted.
Tosumupdrawbacksofcurrentmodesof
Transportationsintermsofenvironmentalfactorsare:
Ÿ Lowinenergy/fuelefficiencyforpertonper
Ÿ kilometretransportationofmaterial
Ÿ Notenvironmentfriendly
Ÿ Wastageofnaturalresourcesduetolackofcapabilitytohandleironorefines
Whycan'ttraditionalbeltconveyormethodbeusedinthisscenario?
Though being energy efficient and reliable belt conveyors can't be used in this scenario because
they are equally not capable of handling iron ore fines of size less than 0.5 mm. Also there are
alwaysenroutelosses ofmaterialinbeltconveyors.
To solve above problems companies in India came up with solution of Slurry transportation
through pipelines of iron ore fines.This mode of transportation is new in India and it solves all the
problems related to transportation of iron ore fines and make this mode more environmental
friendly and energy efficient. In this method the iron ore fines is converted in the form of a slurry
by mixing water and the slurry formed is transported through pipelines with the help of multi
stage centrifugal pumps. This method is highly energy efficient. Iron and Steel industry is one of
the17mostpollutingindustryinIndia.
Apart from being environment friendly this
method is highly cost efficient. This technique sets an
example which challenges traditional belief that
environmental friendly technologies comes with higher
cost and green technology and cost effectiveness can't
go hand in hand. This method will be a ground breaker
for the ailing Indian steel industry in the conditions when
the current market situations are challenging and every company is finding avenues to cut their
overall manufacturing cost.Added to above challenges companies are under immense pressure to
comply with new environmental norms imposed on them to cut their carbon foot prints. This
methodbecameapanaceafortheproblemsbeingfacedbythesteelindustry.
_________________________
Iron and Steel industry is one
of the 17 most polluting
industry in India
_________________________
____________________________
rd
India is world's 3 largest steel
1
producer with 89.5 MTPA of steel
production
____________________________
Student Ar ti cles

This method has been used worldwide with Australia being the world's first country to use
slurry pipeline to transport iron ore when it was built in 1967 and in India ESSAR steel has
pioneeredinthistechnique.
BenefitsofSlurrypipelinetransportation ofiron ore:
Ÿ Energyefficientandenvironmentfriendly
Ÿ Costeffective
Ÿ Slurry transportation has minimum social impact, shorter route, easier river crossings
(withoutbridging)andminimumen-routelosses
Ÿ Up-gradation and utilization of the unused low grade iron ore available at different mine
sitesacrossthecountrywillenhancetheresourcebaseandsupportmineralconservation
Ÿ Helpscountriestocutitscarbonfootprint
Due to this technique's unmatched benefits many other
slurry pipe line projects are coming up in India like JSW
investing Rs 2000 Cr for its 500 Km 10 Mtpa capacity
slurry pipeline, NMDC and RINL jointly developing
450 km slurry pipeline for RINL's Vishakhapatnam
Plant, JSPL is also planning to invest in the technology
tolinkitsireoreminesinBarbiltoAngulinOdisha.
_________________________
th
India Ranks 4 in the world
for total CO emission with2
2,341,000 KT in 2014
_________________________
_
Essar Steel, which is operating a six
million tonne per annum (mtpa) iron ore
pellet making plant in Odisha, has
commissioned slurry pipeline of capacity 8
Mtpa is expected to bring down pellet
transportation expenses by Rs 1,200 per
tonne, which works out to a fifth of total
production cost. The company also
completed 253 km-long slurry pipeline that
connects its ore washery plant at Dabuna,
in Keonjhar district with its palletisation
unit at Paradip, the second longest in the
Student Ar ti cl es

References:
Ÿ Business Standard-Iron oreslurry pipelinetocutEssar's pelletoutputcostby20%inOdisha
http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/iron-ore-slurry-pipeline-to-cut-essar-s-pellet-output-
cost-by-20-in-odisha-114112701025_1.html
Ÿ Times of India - Iron ore transportation rate row resolved .
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Iron-ore-transportation-rate-row-
resolved/articleshow/50475002.cms
Ÿ Mingle Weekly- India's NMDC, RINL seek third partner for iron-ore slurry pipeline-
http://www.miningweekly.com/article/indias-nmdc-rinl-seeks-third-partner-for-iron-ore-slurry-pipeline-
2013-09-16
Ÿ ELSEVIER- Emissions from India's transport sector: Statewise synthesis -T.V. Ramachandra and
Shwetmala-
http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/paper/IISc_Emissions_from_Indias_Transport_sector/TVR_emissio
n2009.pdf
Slurry pipeline: Cost effective solution for steel industry for transportation of iron ore for long distance by
K.K.Mehrotra,FormerCMD, MECON
Student Ar ti cles

Sustainable Development in Operations Management
Nikita Pendse is a PGP student at IIM Raipur. She completed her graduation in
Electronics Engineering from Medicaps Institute of Technology and Management,
Indore.Sheis a fresher.Shecanbereachedat 16pgp096.nikita@iimraipur.ac.in
ur lives are inextricably linked with
Othe economic systems that provide us
with employment, shelter and food,
warmth and possessions; and with the
ecological systems that provide the air we
breathe, the water we drink and the land on
which we live and grow our food. But, with
the herald of the Industrial Revolution, we
have dramatically changed the dynamics of
our relationship with our natural
environment.
The last two hundred years have seen
the development of extraordinary
technologies and the industries that go with
them. We have been so focussed on the short
term scenarios, for instance-next quarter's
profits, growth rate of the national GDP that
we have not taken a moment to step back. In
the race to become industrially advanced we
havefailedtolistentothealarmbells.
The need of the hour is to understand
both our societies and the eco-systems in
which they exist as large, complex, dynamic,
interactive socio-ecological systems. This
can be achieved by focussing on 'Sustainable
Development'.
CurrentScenario:
Sustainable development is a global
challenge that calls for a coordinated response
from all of the world's communities.
Countries, cities and local governments need
to measure, manage, and mitigate emissions
and enact regulations that support sustainable
development.
Multiple treaties and initiatives are
already underway and have made significant
progress. The United Nations' Kyoto
protocol, for example, curbs emissions by
developed countries. The 2009 Copenhagen
talks, while considered a failure, has
prompted countries—both developed and
developing—to set voluntary emission
targets. It is undeniable that the future
populationsshallbehighlyurbanized.
Student Ar t i cles

Speci als
Presently we use around 495
quadrillionBtu ofenergytopowerourlives.
About a fifth of this total (97.94
quadrillion Btu of energy) is used for
transportation services. In response, the C40
group, a group of the world's largest cities,
share information on how to promote
sustainable development and many cities
have set ambitious targets to curb emissions as
partofthisinitiative.
Sustainable development has also had a
profound impact on many businesses, their
operations and their supply chains. The
complex and interrelated nature of
environmental problems will challenge firms
tomovebeyondmerecompliance
with environmental regulations to develop
innovative responses to environmental
challenges. Organizations will have to focus
on innovative responses such as reducing
waste and emissions, recycling solid waste,
conserving energy and reducing business
impactsontheenvironment.
The National Academy of Sciences, an
American body, predicts that energy use
can be cut by 30% by 2030, simply by
i m p l e m e n t i n g e n e r g y - e f f i c i e n t
technologies that already exist
However, the removal of total societal
cost from the energy-use equation is currently
preventing market forces from selecting the
most sustainable way forward. Addressing
thiswillrequireinnovative
St udent Ar ticl es

policy from our senior administrators and
policy makers, but will have an enormous
impact. In a quest to meet customer demands
for more environmental responsible products,
companies are rethinking supply chain
strategies, structures and flows.
Sustainability-related initiatives are
motivating new forms of inter- and intra-firm
collaboration
While implementation of sustainability
may increase cost in certain scenarios, it has in
fact reduced cost in many others. Companies
such as DuPont, Novartis, and 3 M have
managed to cut cost through sustainability
practices. The Economist (2008) reports that
enhanced efficiencies in water and energy
usage have led to a cost reduction of $2 billion
at DuPont (since 1990), $50 million at
Novartis in 10 years, and $82 million at 3M in
5 years. Moreover, at DuPont the greenhouse
gasemissionswentdown byabout66%.
The business case for the sustainability
initiatives of a company depends on a variety
of issues including industry, supply chain
structure, stakeholder expectations, and
organizational culture. Sustainability
practices that respond to multiple drivers have
the potential to maximize the value of the
company. As shown in figure, the major
drivers of sustainability are ecological
balance, resource availability, business
reputation (brand value), climate change, and
economicviability.
RealLifeexamples:
· Using an interdisciplinary approach
that combines knowledge from microbiology,
electrochemistry, materials, and
environmental engineering, scientists have
discovered a microbial fuel cell (MFC) that
converts chemical energy present in organic
waste biomass to electrical energy (Reddy et
al. 2010). It provides new opportunities for the
sustainable production of energy from
biodegradablecompounds.
· Columbia Forest Products applied the
principle that imparts adhesive ability to the
blue mussel, to design a soy-based
formaldehyde-free technology in the
construction of hardwood and plywood
products.
· The Whale Power Company designed
wind turbine blades using the “Tubercle
Technology” to help them be quieter, more
reliable when winds fail, and perform better in
turbulent winds (Whale Power 2013). The
technology is based on the idea that humpback
whales are agile in spite of their size because
of bumps on their fins. P&G discovered that
byswitchingtocoldwaterwashing.
· The company developed a cold water
detergent that was received enthusiastically in
Europe and the US. It's a win-win-win for
P&G, consumers,andtheenvironment
Student Ar t i cles

Conclusion:
Sustainable supply chain management
activities which attempt to reduce the
environmental impact of products
throughout their entire life cycles, can
motivate changes which lead to increased
quality, improved efficiency and greater
organizational effectiveness. In the future, it
is those organizations that are able to secure
the resources and proactively develop
competencies to address the challenges of
natural environmental constraints that will
winthebattle.
Ÿ US households would consume 80
billion fewer kilowatt hours and emit
34milliontons fewerCo2
References:
Ÿ http://image.slidesharecdn.com/environmentalc
o n c e r n s - 1 3 1 1 0 5 0 3 2 7 2 2 -
phpapp02/95/environmental-concerns-7-
638.jpg?cb=1383622138
Ÿ https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&e
src=s&source=images&cd=&ved=&url=http%3A
%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F005%2Fac8
01e%2Fac801e09.htm&psig=AFQjCNH7-
FK01d9apKURLhUhMnR2SFr41g&ust=1477072
586106861
Conclusion:
Sustainable supply chain management
activities which attempt to reduce the
environmental impact of products
throughout their entire life cycles, can
motivate changes which lead to increased
quality, improved efficiency and greater
organizational effectiveness. In the future, it
is those organizations that are able to secure
the resources and proactively develop
competencies to address the challenges of
natural environmental constraints that will
winthebattle.
Ÿ US households would consume 80
billion fewer kilowatt hours and emit
34milliontons fewerCo2
References:
Ÿ http://image.slidesharecdn.com/environmentalc
o n c e r n s - 1 3 1 1 0 5 0 3 2 7 2 2 -
phpapp02/95/environmental-concerns-7-
638.jpg?cb=1383622138
Ÿ https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&e
src=s&source=images&cd=&ved=&url=http%3A
%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F005%2Fac8
01e%2Fac801e09.htm&psig=AFQjCNH7-
FK01d9apKURLhUhMnR2SFr41g&ust=1477072
586106861
Student Ar ti cles

Gurumantra - Trends in Green Supply Chain
1. What is the framework for sustainable supply
chainmanagement?
Green inbound practices – Includes vendor
selection, material selection, buying and delivery
decision, and inventory scheduling and
management. The organizations in the process
should chose the vendors which practices green
solutions in their operations, who have ISO 14001
certification, train and equip the suppliers with
requisite skills to adopt to green processes. Just in
Time (JIT) production process adopted by
organizations these days is criticized on the ground
of little on time production leading to more fuel and
transportation costs. However this offers less
inventory storage and process transportation
planning minimizes the negative effects making the
methodmoresustainable.
Green operations process- includes two
components- design and manufacturing. The
organizations should develop products and process
that enable reduce- reuse and recycle mantra. The
manufacturing processes should be more fuel
efficient, in consonance with environment
regulations,cleantechnologiesshould beadopted.
Outbound practices- include marketing
distribution and packaging processes in which the
organizations make modifications in packaging,
logistics management, and advertisement that
focusses on adoption more sustainable
environmentalfriendlymethods.
Reverse logistics- Reverse logistics management
entails production processes that entail enhancing
the end-to-life of the product. Though reverse
logistics mainly means recycling, it also means
reduce-recycle-reuse.
Whatis ISO14000 standard certification?
Ÿ ISO 14000 is a series of international, voluntary
environmental management standards, guides, and
technical reports. The primary objective of the ISO
14000 series of standards is to promote effective
environmental management systems in
organizations. The standards seek to provide cost-
effective tools that make use of best practices for
organizing and applying information about
environmental management. Some of the popular
standards are-
-ISO 14004 - General guidelines on principles
systems and support techniques
-ISO 14006 - Guidelines for incorporating
eco design
-ISO 14015 - Environmental assessment of
sites and organizations (EASO)
-ISO 14020 - Environmental labels and
declarations
-ISO 14031 - Environmental performance
evaluation
-ISO 14040 - Life cycle assessment
-ISO 14050 - Vocabulary
-ISO 14063 - Environmental communication
-ISO 14064 - Greenhouse gases
-ISO 19011 - Guidelines for auditing
management systems
2. How reverse logistics related to green supply
chainmanagement?
Reverse logistics by definition include the
processes like remanufacturing, reuse, reduce,
recycling, refurbishment that contains the element
ofgreennessinthem.Through effective
Gur um antr a

implementation and management of the reverse
logistics processes, the profitability is increased,
transportation costs and wastage are reduced. The
framework for the implementation of reverse
logisticsis–
Ÿ Understand productlifecycle
Ÿ Identifyingthevalueoftheproductaccurately
Ÿ Transportation costs and carbon foot print in the
processshould beanalyzed
Advantagesofgreensupplychain:
Green supply chain refers to integrating
environmental thinking in to supply chain
management, including product design, material
sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes
and delivery of final product to consumers and end-
of-life management of the product after its usable
life. Now a days there is an increasing trend of
adoption of greenness in the supply chains to make
it more sustainable from various stakeholders-
Government, NGO's, shareholders, public. Some of
the advantages of green supply chain management
are-–
Ÿ Improvedagilityinthesupplychain
Ÿ Higherrevenuesand profitability
Ÿ Reducedwastage
Ÿ Environment sustainability and efficient use of
naturalresources
Ÿ Speedy Innovation and Compilation of
governmentregulations
Ÿ Increasesthebrand imageofthecompany
What are the metrics of performance of green
supply chainmanagement?
There are no specific standards of
measurement of performance levels of green supply
chain management. Various organizations and
companies set different standards of measurement.
The performance level is generally evaluated based
on theparameters laiddownbelow:
Ÿ Fugitivenon-pointairemissions
Ÿ Stackor pointair emissions
Ÿ Discharges to receiving streams and water
bodies
Ÿ Underground injectionon-site
Ÿ Releasestolandon-site
Ÿ Discharges topubliclyownedtreatmentworks
Ÿ Other off-sitetransfers
Ÿ On-siteand off-siteenergyrecovery
Ÿ On-siteand off-siterecycling
Ÿ On-siteor off-sitetreatment
Adding up greens
It is one thing to talk about the benefits of
sustainability initiatives, but the proof is in the
spreadsheets. Let’s crunch the numbers on three
companies’reverselogisticsresults
Cisco
Strategy- Partnered with third-party partner to
revampreverselogisticsprocess
Pay-off- Transformed $8 billion cost center into
$147 millionpower house. years.
Gurumantra - Trends in Supply Chain
Gur um antr a

Gurumantra - Trends in Supply Chain
PalmInc.
Strategy- Focused on refurbished goods for resale
insecondarymarkets
Pay-off- Cut processing costs by 50 percent;
reduced returned good inventory to less than 2
weeks; tripled product recovery rate receives 8o
percentofretailsellingpriceforreturnedgoods.
Ericson
Strategy- Redesigned products to reduce operating
energy consumption; reduced product weight and
volume, removed banned or restricted material,
andplannedforproductdisposal.
Pay-off-Decreased product raw material foot print
by70 timesoverthepast 10 years.
Gur um antr a

In Conversation With
MR. ATUL HOLKAR
Mr.Atul Holkar is the Senior Vice President, Head of Merchandise and Supply chain
management, RJ Corp Retail. He has documented success in overseeing tasks of supply chain -
Supply Planning, S & amp,OP process,production planning , Supply execution ,Demand
management, Distribution, Inventory management, ERP implementation and Business
Development.
His exemplary education background consist of executive programs in Supply chain
managementfromIIMCalcutta, ISB,Kellogg schoolofmanagementandMITSolan.
He has Spearheaded SCM initiatives such as change management, organizational re-
structuring, business process re-engineering and alignment of performance metrics across the
supplychain.
He also hold Expertise in Designing /Creating / Retailing bench marks for SCM network
and implement best practices in supply chain management in the organization designing,
developingandmonitoringthe SupplyChainnetworks.
I nter v i ew
Senior VP & Head of Merchandise and Supply Chain Management, RJ Corp

1. How Indian companies are
adopting themselves to
Sustainable Supply Chain
Management?
If you talk about sustainable
supply chain management it
goes hand in hand with other
initiatives such as carbon
footprint, global warming etc.
Adhering to the norms of
G l o b a l E n v i r o n m e n t
Management has become very
essential and we cannot get
away from this now. We have to
include this in every value
chain of the supply chain
management right from
sourcing to production to final
disposition post usage by the
customer which includes
reverse logistics as well.
Sustainability is the key factors
now which will determine the
success of any organisation
.Traceability of material has
also come as a huge enabler to
sustain supply chain. For large
organisation usage of natural
resource and replenishment of
the natural resource back into
nature has become prime
importance. Taking the
example of PepsiCo, we have
large effluent treatment plant
where the water was cleaned
before coming out of the plant.
We also had groundwater
reservoir and we replenished
the water in the same quantity
which we have consumed. This
has to become part of the
culture of the organization and
pollution in any form should be
the strict no-no.We have started
projects where we are taking
feeed-back from the employees.
and we have come up with
several
2 . P E T b o t t l e s h a v e
tremendous potential for
degrading our environment.
In this regard can you please
tell us how PepsiCo has
brought sustainability in their
bottle manufacturing through
continuous innovation in their
packaging?
Earlier the bottles were getting
packed in cardboard boxes but
lately we have changed this
practice as cardboard usually
comes from the felling of trees.
We have now started using
shrink wrapping technology
for packaging which is more
sustainable and environmental-
friendly model . We also have
over the period of time evolved
a method to recycle the plastic
so that it can be reused in other
industries.
3. What other steps the
company is taking to reduce
the plastic content in the
packagingof beverages?
We are switching from PET to
glass bottles which are much
more sustainable. Currently,
our glass bottle accounts for 25
percentage of the total bottle
manufacturing. The bottle
consumption is in a house
means the consumer has to
return the bottles, however, the
plastic bottle is more of a grab
and go kind of thing so it
becomes a little difficult to
monitor these bottles but there
are a number of ways one can
collect and recycle them.
Companies are working in this
direction on how efficiently
they can get this bottle back into
our system. However, in our
country, I must assure you that
these bottles are not thrown
away and are reused at various
levels until they become totally
unusable. So it is not a big issue
forourcountryasofnow.
4. Since cost is the major
driver of any organisation can
you throw some light on how
can companies adopt the
sustainable development in a
costeffective manner?
Here are usually two parts of
sustainable development
adoption. One is technology
and the other is a human skill.
The company usually goes
wrong on the front that they
overspent on technology
without involving the human in
the whole process. The matter
of the fact is most of the wastage
does not happen because of the
machine but because of the man
involved with the machine and
if that kind of wastage can be
avoided by better sensitization
of the people about it, we will be
able to develop a more
sustainable environment.
5. There are still many
industry and sectors which are
reluctant to adopt the
sustainable development
practices. We can take the
e x a m p l e o f l e a t h e r
manufacturing units in
Kanpur regions. There is an
ample number of other SMEs.
What can be done to involve
such units in sustainable
developmentpractices?
Government policiesarethe
I nter v i ew

major enabler if we want to
include these SMEs in the
sustainable development plan.
The government has to
incentivise them in form of tax
breaks and other rewards on
the condition that they practise
such measure. But again
punishment has to be strict if
there are any deviations from
the controllednorms.
7. What are the advantages
for the company who are
s w i t c h i n g t o g r e e n
technologies?
I would like to answer this
question by taking an example
of an American footwear
company called Timberland.
They are very sensitive in
terms of sustainable practices
and they have developed a
system where you can trace
back even the entire origin of
the raw material. This is one of
the revolutionary practices to
achieve sustainability. One has
to scan the barcode of the
product and it will take you to
resource which was used in the
making of the product and in
case if it is an animal it will
show you how this animal was
reared and how it was treated.
T h i s a l s o c o v e r s a n y
environmental damages that
have come into play. And if
you go to their site they will
show you the entire process
which was being used by the
company. The traceability has
to come to this level if you have
to make the organization more
s u s t a i n a b l e . S o s o m e
technology of this sort needs
to cometo ourcountryaswell.
8. We can see that the Delhi
Government is banning the
entry of heavy commercial
vehicle in the city to reduce
the alarming pollution level
i n t h e c i t y . H o w t h e
companies are going to tackle
them if these practices
become norms in other cities
aswell.
It is very easy to ban and we
also know that it is very much
required to be banned. But a
fact of the matter is you
p a r a l l e l b u i l d i n g
infrastructure also to ensure
that the supply chains are not
impacted. Because there is
c u r r e n t l y n o p r o p e r
c o n n e c t i v i t y , r o a d s ,
warehouses in major cities.
Also currently most of the
warehouses are within the city
and there are no bypasses so
vehicles are forced to go
through the city. If you take the
example, it took 8 years for
Delhi to construct an 80 km
bypass between Kundli to
Ballabgarh. To tackle the issue
companies are also using
lighter vehicles and CNG.
However, we can see that the
CNGs are not readily available
even in the capital state and it
takes nearly 4-5 hours for a
driver of the commercial
vehicle to get their CNG filled
because of the long queues.
The government should also
c r e a t e t h e n e c e s s a r y
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e b e f o r e
implementing any such
policies.
9. How emerging markets
such as India should develop
themselves to take the
challenge of sustainable
development?
Most of the economies which
have developed recently such
as China have learned the
lesson and they have done it in
a hard way. But these lessons
are now readily available to us
and we don't have to do the
recovery process and so we
can implement these methods
from the very beginning of our
supply chain process. And I
think we are going at the right
paceat thisvery moment.
I nter v i ew

Sumeet Gupta
Sustaining the Green Technology
Movement
Dr.Summet Gupra is a professor at IIM Raipur. He has an outstanding academic
credential with PhD. (Information Systems) from School of Computing, National
University of Singapore, Singapore. 2006 , MBA from NUS Business School,
National University of Singapore. Feb. 2002 and B.E. (Mining) from Govt. Engg.
College, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ., Raipur (CG) India. 1998 . His Area of
Research are Technology Adoption , Mobile Commerce and Electronic
Commerce,VirtualCommunitiesandSupplyChainManagement.
Abstract:
Green computing paradigm is a term used to describe a movement in the field of
information technology whereby users and information technology professionals
are adopting 'less environmentally destructive' practices to mitigate the
detrimental effects of excessive computing to the environment. Environment
friendly practices such as virtualization, cloud computing, greening of data
centers, recycling, telecommuting, and teleworking are discussed in this chapter.
A summary of the initiatives undertaken by government agencies in various
Academ ia

Introduction:
The word 'green' has attained a new meaning in our
vocabulary today. 'Green' connotes 'less
environmentally destructive' practices that minimize
the damage to the environment and decrease the
side- effects of excessive computing. The excessive
use of modern day appliances such as laptops and
personal computers have contributed to
environmental pollutants that are damaging the
environment slowly but steadily. Carbon laden
fumes emitted from countless automobiles and
modern day factories have been polluting our
environment making the air unbreathable in several
cosmopolitan cities of the world. The extent of the
damage from carbon emissions can be gauged from
the subtle climate changes that are being
experiencedinrecentyears.
Technology has overtaken our lives at breakneck
speed. In fact Computers have overtaken the
workspace, with at least one PC per worker. Laptops
and personal digital assistants, other presentation
hardware, storage devices such as data centers
dominate the work place. Desktop computing has
replaced the reams of paperwork and files that once
characterized the workplace. While making office
work more efficient and less labor intensive,
personal computers contribute to the carbon
footprintinseveralways.
GreenComputing:
Green computing is defined as the use of computers
in an environmentally responsible way. The
objective of green computing is to reduce or offset
the secondary carbon footprint created by the usage
of computing devices such as personal computers
(PCs), data centers and laptops and also by
employing green computing techniques such as
virtualizationandcloudcomputing.
Computers and laptops run on the energy produced
by burning fossil fuels. In addition to running the
computers, cooling the hardware and software is
consuming a lot of energy. It is said that cooling
consume about 70 cents for 1 dollar spent on
computer devices. In this situation, it became
important to shift to new methods that mitigate the
energy consumption and use of more environment
friendlymethods.
Disposal of e-waste:
E-waste is one of the increasing component of
municipal waste stream. They pose grave threat to
environment because of high lead contents and non-
biodegradable nature of the waste. So a three
pronged strategy of-Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle has
tobeadopted.
Reduce – Another strategy to green technology
systems is reducing the consumption. Though gong
paper less by the use of computers has reduced the
negative impacts of using paper on environment, it is
often stated that there is over use of computing at
workplace.
Reuse – Reusing the old materials will reduce the
demand for new products there by making the
consumption less and consequently reducing the
impacton environment.
Recycle – In most of the countries lack of standard
procedure leads to improper recycling methods with
most of the waste ending in landfills. Develop
countries ship e-waste to developing countries to
make it more useful. The companies like Dell, HP.
Acerrefurbishthewastetomakethemreusable.
Academ i a

Technologies towards Green
computing:
Extensive research in the areas of green
computing in the recent years has led new
technological solutions to make computing
more ecofriendly. Some of the technologies
are green data centers, virtualization, cloud
computing and telecommuting and
teleworkingamongothers.
Virtualization- Virtualization is running
multiple operating systems on one physical
hardware. It is supposed to reduce the costs
by 80 percent and great deal of energy is
saved. While this reduces the costs caution
should be taken in implementation because
fail in the server may lose everything and
extended outrage. Some companies like
Microsoft,VM ware has technologies related
tovirtualization.
Cloud Computing- is a pool of technological
services which require only internet
connection and subscription to the service. It
reduces the cost of new infrastructure,
training the personnel. By pooling the
resources, companies can reduce the costs
and get instant access to the services. Since
this is one of the emerging technologies,
many companies like IBM, amazon have
investedalotinthis.
Telecommuting and Teleworking- is
emerging trend where employees are given
the flexibility to work from any physical
place other than office. This increases the
work flexibility and is supposed to reduce the
costs of operations. While telecommuting
means working from home, teleworking
means working from a physical space
through knowledge transfer. Companies that
are in service organizations are better suited
tothis.
Conclusion:
Green Computing is supposed to reduce the
greenhouse gas emissions, saves energy,
reduce costs. While much needed to be done
towards making computing adopting the
technologies through conscious efforts.
Government regulations, and standard
procedures of operations will go a long way
in making usage of computer technologies
more environment friendly. New ideas such
as carbon credits traded by companies in
international markets can be used to control
and regulate the market. Through successful
implementation of the green computing
paradigm firms can successfully decrease
their carbon footprint and contribute to
decreasing the harm wrought to the
environment.
Academ i a

Abstract: .
According to a 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) report, only nine million units are collected
annually, while the need is for 12 million units. Delhi NCR alone faces a shortage of 100,000 units per year.The
shelf-life of donated blood is 35 to 42 days. There is a constant need to replenish stocks in our blood banks. The
problem could be addressed if only two percent more Indians donated blood. Statistics show that there are 234
million major operations in India, 63 million trauma-induced surgeries, 31 million cancer-related procedures and
10 million pregnancy related complications which require blood transfusions. Apart from these there are also
disorders likesicklecellAnemia,ThalassemiaandHemophiliathatrequirerepeatedbloodtransfusions.
The management of blood is a problem of specific concern for the human race. Even though there are
technological developments in the field of substitutes for blood products, the need for donor blood and its derived
Yash Wardhan Singh is a PGP student of IIM Raipur. He completed his graduation in
Mechanical Engineering from Maulana Azad National Institute of Technologyg. He is a
fresher.Hecanbereachedat16pgp224.yash@iimraipur.ac.in
T r ends
Importance of Blood SCM
Introduction:
Blood is not an ordinary commodity. The
supply of donor blood is fairly irregular and the
demand for blood products is at least as stochastic.
Matching supply and demand in an efficient manner
is notstraightforward.Bloodproductsarealso
perishable, which complicates things even further.
Shortages lead to high costs for society, since they
can cause increase mortality rates. Outdates on the
other hand are not commonly accepted either, since
blooddonors areascarceassetof societyanddonors

T r ends
must respect a certain time period between
two donations, depending on the type of
donation.Also, only a small percentage (5%)
of the eligible donor population actually
donates.
How This Collected Blood From Donors Is
StoredAnd PutToUse?
Concerning the supply management
of blood products, it is impossible to talk
about blood as a product on its own. To put
things simply, blood is usually drawn in its
whole and undivided form from donors.
Some components, such as blood platelets,
can also be obtained directly from the donor
without drawing blood. In this case, the
donor is connected to an aphaeresis device
through which the donor's blood circulates.
The machine can filter the desired
components from the blood while the
remaining components flow back into the
donor. The extraction of platelets by this
process is costlier, however, than obtaining
them from donated whole blood. Once the
whole blood is drawn, it is usually
centrifuged into three major components: red
blood cells, plasma and blood platelets. The
different components have different shelf
lives and the separation enables one to adapt
the use of blood products to the specific
needs of a patient. For instance, blood plasma
isusedtotreatburns.
A brief overview of the current status of
the blood bank industry in India in terms
of its market share and its overall
progress:
In terms of revenue, a study in 2009
had put the value of the Indian blood
transfusion services at about Rs 617.Crores.
The industry has the potential to be a much
bigger one revenue-wise. However, Blood
Banking is perhaps the only branch of
Medicinewhichisverycloselyregulatedand
controlled by Government policies.This also
includes ceiling on prices that blood banks
can charge for blood and other services, thus
restricting the overall revenue share of this
sector when compared to other medical
industry sectors. However, with many blood
banks getting greater flexibility in pricing
and offering tests and services at par with the
best in the world, the blood banking industry
should now be much bigger than the figure
quotedabove.
What are some of the major challenges
that the blood bank industry is currently
facinginIndia?
India has a deficit of blood supply in
the range of 20% to 40%. In most districts,
blood banks often do not have enough stocks
to meet the demands. Another challenge is
the lack of a centralized system that
coordinatesormonitorstheservices

T r ends
provided by various blood banking units in
the country. For example, in the UK, there are
100s of blood collection and donor
r e c r u i t m e n t c e n t e r s , b u t t h e
testing/processing is restricted to just a
handful of centers spread across the country.
This ensures that the testing/processing is
standardized and automated. The lack of
standardization in India means that the level
of services can vary substantially. The strict
control maintained by the government
overpricing of blood and related services is
another major challenge. For example, In
India, a cardiologist or an oncologist can
bring in the latest and most advanced
therapy/diagnostic test and charge the patient
for the new treatment option, which as a rule
will be more expensive. However, the blood
banking industry finds it difficult to
implement any new state of the art
tests/services because the ceiling leaves them
with very little money for investment in new
technologiesorresearch.
Apart from that Blood Bags are
required to be transported within the
temperature range specified for that
particular component or product. Red cells,
fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and
platelet concentrates should be stored at
temperatures in compliance with the storage
temperaturerequirements,as:
Platelets: Shelf-life5 days and its Storage
temperaturerange20–24ºC
RBCs: Shelf-life28 days if re-suspended in
additive solution for red cells washed
leukocyte depleted and 42 days with the
appropriate additives for red cells with
leukocyte depleted. Its Storage temperature
range2–6ºC
Why Blood Goes Waste and How
Much?
Blood wastage may occur for a number
of reasons, including time expiry, wasted
imports, and blood medically or surgically
ordered but not used, stock time expired,
hemolysis, or miscellaneous reasons. Data
indicated that approximately 77.9% of
wasted pack cell units were wasted for the
reason of time expiry. Pack cell wastage in
hospitals is reported to range from 1.93% to
30.7%.
For example: One of every four bottles
of collected blood goes to waste in the state-
run GT hospital near Crawford market. In the
past three years, one-fourth of the blood bags
lying with the hospital's blood bank had to be
disposed of, because they had reached their
date of expiry. So says the hospital's response
to a Right to Information (RTI) query, filed by
adoctorfromthehospitalitself.
Although the hospital has 500 beds in
all, it usually gets only around 125 to 150
patients. So the hospital's in-house
requirement for blood is much less than its
availability, said hospital sources. "A blood
unit has 30 days of shelf life. We keep the
other blood banks informed. In case of
necessity, the blood can be sent from here,"
saidadoctorfromthebloodbank.
Each bag of blood costs around Rs
450.Lakhs of rupees' worth in blood bags
have been wasted by the hospital's blood bank
in the past three years. From January to
August in this year, 440 bags were collected,
of which 324 were issued, and 98 were left
over. In 2013, 955 bags were collected, of
which 341 were wasted. Each blood bag
contains 350 ml of blood. Another reason for
the wastage, however, is that the hospital does
not have a license to break the blood into its
components. So the hospital has no choice but
to store whole blood. "These days whole
blood is hardly in demand. Blood
components, especially platelets, are more in
demand. But we don't have a license for the
separation of blood into its components," said
thedoctor.

T r ends
WhatIsTheWayForward?
The Blood Banking sector in India has only
recently accepted the use of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT). A
software based Blood Bank Management
System (BBMS) can the help the blood
transfusion in many ways: Enables fast, easy
and effective communication with donors
(for appointments, conveying camp details
and donor reports) and blood donation camp
organizers. This will result in increasing
voluntary repeat blood donations rates. Real
time status of stocks alerts about near
expiry/expired stocks, quarantine
management, inventory being sent to
satellite centers/storage centers will help in
better and effective stock utilization and
supply chain management assists in the
smooth prescription of blood transfusion,
faster turnaround time from demand to issue,
traceability of the blood components thus
increasing transfusion security. With all
records available for audit and analysis,
b e t t e r p l a n n i n g a n d r e s o u r c e
allocation/utilization can be done. From
foolproof surveillance and monitoring of all
the activities in the blood bank to
establishing a Centralized System to oversee
the Blood Supply Chain in India is the need
of the hour. With an easy bridge between the
donor system and the requirement branch be
it private, government or teaching hospitals,
wastagecanbereducedeffectively.
References:
Ÿ http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-
bloody-waste-that-s-1-of-every-4-bottles-of-
blood-at-gt-hospital-2037342
Ÿ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
C4102044/
Ÿ https://hicl.org/publications/2014/18/447.pdf
Ÿ http://alliancetransfusion.com/images/13748926
35_eHEALTH_Magazine.pdf

T r ends
Troubled seaside green waste site likely to
close at Patea
South Taranaki's prettiest dump site will soon
revert to being simply a spot to check out the
surf.
A combination of recent storm-caused
erosion, ongoing problems with illegal
rubbish dumping and people from outside the
area dumping garden clippings means the
likely permanent closure of Patea's beachside
greenwastesite.
Acer Inc. listed on 2 global sustainability
indicesof2016
TAIPEI, Taiwan -- Acer Inc. (宏碁) has been
listed on two global sustainability indices of
2016, the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices
(DJSI) and MSCI's Global Sustainability
Indexes, which report on company
contributions on environmental, social and
governance (ESG) factors, according to a
press releasefromthecompanyyesterday.
ListedinDJSI's Emerging.
Listed in DJSI's Emerging Markets Index for
the third consecutive year, Acer ranked in the
top (100th) percentile for Supply Chain
Management, Climate Change, and
CorporateCitizenshipandPhilanthropy
UK-Malaysia project to develop green data
centers.
A UK and Malaysian consortium aims to
develop the next generation of green data
centres.
They will improve their sustainability by
changing the way data centres are cooled
with the help of innovative technologies.
Microsoft to Power Data Center With 100%
Wind Energy
Microsoft Monday two newannounced
contracts for 237 megawatts of wind
energy capacity to run its Wyoming data
center entirely on wind power. With the
latest deal, the company now purchases
more than 500 megawatts of wind
energy in the country.
Trumpadministration.
Current Trends:

T r ends
Are top Indian companies interested in greening the supply chain?
Corporate supply chains have been opaque for a long time. This is now changing
with greater focus coming on traceability. Coupled with companies becoming more
transparent, supplychainsaregetting the right attention.
So, what is traceability? Traceability is the ability to verify the history and location
of products and services in the supply chain. This involves building supply chains that
are transparent and providing an easy way to assess where contamination is occurring.
Traceability improvesproductsourcing,reducescostsandensuresahealthy output.
Green data center saves more money
Savvy business owners arelatelyimplementingcleverenergy efficiencymeasures,turning
their data systems into clean, green data centers.As they are discovering, finely tuned, green data
centers are saving them much more than just money.As businesses grow, continued success often
hangs in the balance between preventing avoidable losses and identifying competitive
advantages.

R eg ul ar
Crossword

R eg ul ar
Across
2. Costtomeetadversity
3. Tried and tested method for setting standard
times todoanywork
5. Highest reductions in unwanted variation
achieved so far
7. Unitloadformationequipment
9. Afullsystemthatregulatesproductionline
10. Producingatmaximum
12. Selectingoptimalpathsinanetwork
13. Change in product locations within
warehouse to accommodate variability in product
turnover
14. Transportation equipment for moving raw
materials/W.I.Pwithinthefactory
15. Time that spans the initiation and
terminationofamanufacturingprocess
16. A model to predict waiting time and queue
lengthinserviceindustry
17. Highly standardized with least lead time and
customerintervention
18. A round trip in logistics that facilitates either
distributionor collection
19. Eliminating unproductive processes
(MURA)
Down
1. Moving goods from their final destination to
residualvalueextractionsites
4. Optimizing the floor plan to reduce work
flowtimes
6. Aspacetocarryoutproductionruns
8. A hybrid production technique to make
standardyetcustomizedproducts
9. Moreefficienttodaythanyesterday
11. Matching orders with raw material/WIP
supply tominimizeinventory

Answer Key
R eg ul ar

About Us
OPEP, The Operations and Supply Chain Club of IIM Raipur
endeavors’ to facilitate sharing of knowledge on subject matter
related to Operations and Supply Chain Management through Guest
Lectures, Articles, Newsletters, Field Visits, Quizzes, Case Studies,
Simulation Games and through Bi-annual Magazine –STRIVE.
Through various platforms, OPEP aims to ensure students get
informed of dynamic trends in industry.
OPEP club at IIM Raipur tries to put forth a broad sharing platform
for operations Management and Supply Chain management.
The team also plans to initiate an interaction forum to discuss
relevant problems, industry paradigms and knowledge.
OPEP members are a mix of students from diverse backgrounds
some having industry experience and some being freshers providing
traction test to their theoretical knowledge and lectures with the tight
rope walk of projects often converging the virtual and real.
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Sustainable Operations Management (Vol 6 Issue 1)

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