Sustainable Greening of Abu Dhabi City - 2010

3rd
International Conference on
Geosynthetics Middle East
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 09/10 November 2010
Sustainable Greening of Abu Dhabi City
AS.S. Al-Mashhadani, Expert, PRFD, ADM, UAE.a.mashhadani@adm.abudhabi.ae
A. B. Al Muraikhi, Director, PRFD, ADM, UAE. a.almuraikhi@adm.abudhabi.ae
ABSTRACT
This study reviews the local experience of dealing with the harsh environmental conditions. Accordingly
the sever climatic conditions make it difficult to maintain the vegetation and means that there is a need
for permanent irrigation and to balance between the establishment of new vegetated areas and the long-
term management of existing areas.
it shows how these challenges are faced by adopting measures that minimize the negative effects of the
conditions, such as; developing standards to use the appropriate quality of the treated sewage water as
irrigation , adoption of a SCADA computer system and provide reticulation networks to monitor and
control the irrigation and drainage systems, use of new materials and techniques to overcome problems,
issued PRFD- Landscape Design Guidelines that reflect the direct and indirect means for reducing the
cost and water consumption.
PRFD is looking to gain the international award schemes for Blue Flag and Green Flag.
It shows several completed prestigious projects in urban landscape development in Abu Dhabi City
which are equipped with state of the art landscape materials, irrigation and control systems and provide
horticultural diversity reflecting modern practices.
The study suggested many recommendations that could be adopted to rehabilitate the existing
vegetative cover.
1. INTRODUCTION
The United Arab Emirates lies in Southwest Asia. It is located between an altitude of 51 and 56 degree
Eastern and latitude of 20.5 to 26 degree Northern along the south – at the eastern tip of the Arabian
Peninsula. The UAE extends for about 420 km from north to south. The seven emirates of the UAE
enclose a total area of about 83,600 km
2
.
Most of the country is desert, with a flat coastal plain consisting mostly of tidal salt flats. The land slopes
down from the mountains in the country's north-eastern extremity to an elevated desert plateau.
The issue of desertification is a priority in UAE due to the fact that there are vast areas of desert land. An
early interest in the desertification issue was reflected at all levels through forestation and reclamation of
large areas of desert land especially for agricultural purposes.
Abu Dhabi is the largest of the seven Emirates. Abu Dhabi is also a city of the same name within the
Emirate and is the Capital of the country. The Abu Dhabi Island lies on a T-shaped area jutting into the
Arab Gulf from the central western coast.
1.1 Vegetation Cover:
Since the early 1970s and 1980s Abu Dhabi Emirate, like other Emirates of the UAE, has been
witnessing large scale greenery that started with the provision of an appropriate environment within the
cities and urban facilities by planting forest shelterbelts and windbreaks covering an area of over
270,000 hectares in Abu Dhabi Emirate alone.
These activities were reducing the impact of winds and sand storms, assist in sand-dune fixation as well
as prevention of sand creeps.
The number of recorded species within UAE flora is now 582 relating to 343 kinds and belonging to 75
plant families.
The pioneering types of plantations whether arboreal or shrubby types are either indigenous or
introduced which can effectively stand the entire prevailing environmental conditions. The types of trees
include: Ghaf (Prosopis spicigera), Ghuwaif (Prosopis juliflora) , Arak (Salvadora persica), Sidr
(Zizyphus spina-christi) , Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera),Samar(Acacia tortilis), Qaradh (Acacia
Arabica), Kenya (Eucalyptus spp.), Damas(Conocarpus spp.), Salam (Acacia raddiana), Fittna (Acacia

3rd
farnesiana), Talah (Acacia syal) and Tarhfa (Tamarix articulate), etc. of the indigenous and enduring
ones which have coped and proved resistant to local environmental conditions .
1.2 Limitations for Greenery Development
There are many limiting factors that stopped against the greenery development, the main are: Scarcity of
water sources that can be used for agriculture, Poor soil fertility and severe climate .
1.3 Importance of Greenery
Planting trees can alter entire environmental conditions by changing and enhancing the impacts of the
overall climate (sun, radioactive energy, winds and their speed and direction, rains, temperatures, etc.)
on the environment, reducing air pollution and creating a climate that is influenced by the existence of
planted trees. The assessment of economic value arising from greenery is associated with its type, size,
condition and functionality.
1.4 Planning and Management of the Urban Green Resource
Previous generations of UAE have contributed to the „seeding‟ of environmental developments such as
the greening in several oases in the desert and the utilization of „Falaj‟ systems.
Now, the people have lived a unique and pioneering experience in greening the desert and sand-fixation
since sands present a real danger to the safety of urban areas.
All the green‟s efforts may have never succeeded without a special attention and unconditional support
of the Late President Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahayan. He was a role model as a human and ruler,
keen to preserve and sustain the environment and natural resources. His view is very well reflected in
his sayings:
“Our interests in environmental protection, plant and animal conservation are not delivered at
this hour. It is our deep rooted interest that we called and applied before any such international
interest had begun.”
The Abu Dhabi‟s experience in forestry and greening of rural and urban areas has been well received
and appreciated by its local and expatriate populations and by regional and international organizations.
This is primarily because of the success of plant growth despite harsh environmental factors.
Besides the greening of Abu Dhabi city there has also been a massive afforestation programme in the
desert areas of the city (Main Land) and it is here that most trees have been planted.
The majority of achievements in the field of afforestation and greening are results of works and plans of
many divisions of the Abu Dhabi Municipality.:
1.5 On-Going Activities for Greenery Development
They included: Construction of water reservoirs ,Adopt modern irrigation system & water consumption
methods, Establishment of sewage treatment plants, Recharging / Feeding of underground water
storage, Sustainable water development and management; reuse of drainage water, Establishing
Fertilizer Manufacturing Factories, Adopt the results of research centres studies for related issues, Sand
levelling & Earthworks and many other architectural and planning works in urban landscape.
2. THE MUNICIPAL SECTOR IN ABU DHABI EMIRATE
The municipal sector in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi seeks to excel in public service delivery level to
society providing the highest global standards in order to attain the Government vision to become one of
the best five Governments globally and for Abu Dhabi to become one of the most important destinations
in the world.
2.1 Plans of Municipality of Abu Dhabi City
One of the major priorities of the strategic plans (2010 – 2014) of the Municipality of Abu Dhabi City
(ADM) relevant to the issue of environment is represented by the following:

3rd
“Strengthening the branding of the city and its identity as clean and attractive environment that
contributes to enhancing community health and makes the city one of
the most developed and distinguished global destinations”
ADM was and still is among the pioneer departments that embraced the polices of sustainable
development as part of its comprehensive policies and strategic plans based on a close and integrated
approach applied in all the projects undertaken , initiatives made and services delivered . These polices
and plans are being aligned with the environmental, social and economic dimensions with a view to
achieving an optimal utilization of resources to make Abu Dhabi city among the cosmopolitan cities
featured by a safe, attractive ,and sustained environment to cope with all environmental issues and the
remarkable growth seen by the city.
ADM has furthermore co-operated with its brother Arab and Gulf countries such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Bahrain, Kuwait and Egypt in greenery and landscape developments.
The Government has also taken part in many International and Regional Exhibitions (Japan, U.K,
France, GCC, Morocco, Syria, Egypt…etc) and won many covetous prizes. One of the most recent
achievements was winning the overall first prize in greenery amongst the Arabian Cities Organization.
2.1.1 Strategic Plan Priorities
• Enhance quality of life through excellence in delivering community services.
• Ensure sustainable urban development
• Enhance infrastructure sustainability
• Achieve excellence in delivering municipal customer services
• Leverage strategic partnerships
• Enhance employee capabilities and work environment-
• Improve business processes and operational capabilities
2.1.2 Alignment with Abu Dhabi Government
ADM Strategic Plan maps to Government vision, objectives & strategy: Policy Agenda, Urban Plan Abu
Dhabi 2030, Social and Human Resources Policy, Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030, Whole of
Government initiatives, Abu Dhabi Government Performance management framework, and Partnership
& coordination between agencies
3. MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & ASSETS SECTOR
The sector oversees the process for planning, executing, and maintaining internal roads, infrastructure,
parks and recreation facilities, including: roads and bridges, parking needs and facilities, pedestrian
facilities, traffic management, landscaping.
3.1 Parks & Recreation Facilities Division (PRFD)
With the growing of the vital importance of urban landscape and greening, the Abu Dhabi government
has set up a specialized Division, Parks & Recreation Facilities Division (PRFD), to govern all activities
related to landscape works in Abu Dhabi city. PRFD is placed within ADM as an affiliate of the Municipal
Infrastructure and Assets Sector.PRFD oversees green cover space in the city of Abu Dhabi (Abu Dhabi
Island and mainland) extending to 11,000 sq. km, including millions of assets that require maintenance.
The division struggles energetically to facilitate the management of all operation and maintenance
processes relating to these vital and fixed assets and their digitization in the near future by adopting
customized systems for this purpose.PRFD is concerned with meeting the requirements of growth and
progressive development of the city of Abu Dhabi and realizing sustained urban development through
the following:
 Expanding greenery and construction of parks and recreational facilities.
 Managing assets with high efficiency
 Reducing costs of redundant works (such as operation and maintenance contracts).

3rd
 Coping with the requirements of the progressive growth of Abu Dhabi Emirate in the
fields of landscaping engineering, irrigation, water drainage and ground water.
 Reducing water consumption by adopting more efficient and advanced irrigation
concepts: subsurface drip or porous irrigation.
3.1.1 SECTIONS
 Projects Design Section
 Projects Implementation Section
 Operations & Maintenance Section
3.1.2 PRFD’s SCOPE OF WORKS
Encompasses multidisciplinary various fields listed below but not limited to:
 Irrigation & Landscape (Soft & Hard)
 Storm water
 Electro-Mechanical
PRFD has initiatives progress involving agricultural landscaping projects, including beautification of
many locations and construction of a number of pocket parks in residential areas as well as proposals
for major projects in its 5-year plan such as: Zayed Universal Park, Traffic Awareness Park, and
Renewable Energy Park.
3.1.3 Five-year Plan
The 5-Year Plan (2010 – 2014) includes 72 projects that would cost more than AED 5.4 billion.
Table 1. PRFD‟S PROJECTS (2010-2014)
Projects Number Cost ( Million AED)
Master plans 3 21
Landscape 37 2735
Irrigation 14 771
Stormwater 14 619.557
Distinguished &
thematic parks
4 1288.475
Total 72 5435.032
3.1.4 Water Resources
One of the objectives to ensure the sustainability of urban development is to develop a plan to upgrade
the irrigation network to meet Urban Structure Framework 2030.
Present Infrastructure
 Island: 180 km of irrigation lines and 57 reservoirs and pump stations.
 Mainland: 182 km of irrigation lines and 89 reservoirs and pump stations.
 Abu Dhabi Island & Mainland: 362 KM Irrigation networks and stations, 320 KM Irrigation
systems of major water well, 68 KM Reducing the groundwater level and 2800 KM Storm water
drainage projects.
TSE irrigation infrastructure can receive 250,000 m3/day; balance is provided by desalinated and
groundwater

3rd
Required Works
 Enhance capacity to receive TSE and minimize desalinated water
 Locate and repair leaks and rehabilitate old sections
 Survey and document the entire network
 Reduce demand
3.1.5 Vegetative Cover in Abu Dhabi City
Table 2. Vegetative Cover Area in Abu Dhabi City (2009)
Particular
Mainland (ha) Abu Dhabi Island (ha)
Total Area
(ha)
Plantation&
Date Palms
Lawn, Flowers &
Groundcover
Plantation &
Date Palms
Lawn, Flowers &
Groundcover
Area
(hectare)
29197.16 384.14 783.73 577.44
30942.47
29581.3 1361.17
The vegetated area in Abu Dhabi city (table 2) includes forest cover amounting to an area of more than
27,330 hectares”, 37 numbers public parks and recreational facilities (table 3) in addition to the green
landscaping of streets and various facilities. The number of fenced parks visitors exceeds 1,200,000
annually but those visiting the unfenced parks are several folds of this number. All parks comprise
parking for people with special needs and entrances to facilitate their movement within the parks and
enable them to enjoy the beauty of the parks and play games. All this is explained in the Division‟s
Landscaping Engineering Manual.
Table 3. Abu Dhabi City Gardens “ha”
NO. NAME AREA NO. NAME AREA
1 Khalidyia Garden 7.1 20 New Peach garden 14
2
Khalidyia Ladies & Children
Garden
5.5 21 Mushrif Garden 14.5
3 Capital Garden 5.6 22 Baniyas Garden 17.34
4 Hazza Mosque Garden 1.5 23 Baniyas Gardens 15
5 Post Office Garden 0.6 24 New Airport Garden 9.5
6 Tradition park 0.6 25 Bain Al Jasrain 2.5
7 Family Garden 2.5 26 Al Shahama Garden - 1 1.5
8 Al Buhaira Garden 1.5 27 Al Shahama Garden - 2 1.5
9 Official Garden 5.75 28 Al Bahya Garden 3.6
10 Picnic 1 10.330 29 Al Rahba Garden 3.6
11 Picnic 2 10.431 30 Al Wathba Park 23
12 City Garden 1.5 31 Al Khatam Park 4
13 Old Air Port Garden 14.2 32 Al Sharia Ladies Garden 42
14 Zafarana Garden 10.3 33 Al Rawhda 0.31

3rd
15 Khalifa Park 55 34 Flower Garden 0.59
16 Officer club park 13 35 Mleeh Garden 0.46
17 Picnic No. 4 9.57 36 New Zafrana G. 1.11
18 Picnic No. 5 19.27 37 Al Grum Garden 0.4
19 Traditional Garden 1.5 Total 333
ADM is keen in organizing events and celebrations at parks and recreation facilities as part of its
communal services. These facilities attract huge number of the residents and visitors to the capital
city.The Municipality targets events with social dimension that receive publicity and generate a good
response from the public in Abu Dhabi.A tree week as annual event and a recent hosted events such as
:Japanese Sakura Festival( 22/4-22/5/2010 ) comprises several shows of Japanese Martial Samurai arts
,music spots , typical traditional Japanese marriage…and other activities.
3.1.6 Some considerations & technical measures taken by PRFD
3.1.6.1 STANDS FOR SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA)
SCADA monitoring system is considered one of the best projects undertaken by ADM to minimize water
consumption. The elements that were considered in designing the new SCADA system to achieve the
required efficiency are:
 Best usage of water & wastage reduction
 Accurate & fair water distribution
 Efficiency improvement through Instrumentation and control
 Remote control of all pump stations
 Faults, malfunctions and leakage detection
 Improved communication methods
 Open & easy to Interface system
Vision towards the Future
 Landscape Irrigation automation (main roads).
 Real Intelligent leak detection system.
 Fibre optics communication
 Camera Control (CCTV) and monitoring system for gardens and stations.
 Weather stations and water quality measuring system.
 Town birds living condition improvement system.
3.1.6.2 LANDSCAPE DESIGN GUIDELINES
The Executive Council of the Abu Dhabi Emirate is seeking to have Abu Dhabi as one of the top cities in
the world. To assist in achieving this vision the ADM, through the Parks and Recreational Facilities
Division (PRFD), has prepared guidelines for development of the landscape in the region.
The guidelines serve as a manual which is particularly useful for developers and landscape consultants
in their design of landscape works. It sets out aspects that need to be considered in the design. As well
as developing a desirable place to live these guidelines fulfils the sustainability criteria, which is needed
to provide for tomorrow‟s world. PRFD- Landscape Design Guidelines reflect the direct and indirect
means for reducing water consumption by respecting many considerations , such as:
local environmental factors, design, sustainability, soft and hard materials… etc.

3rd
3.1.6.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS
O & M of the Parks Assets are involving Landscaping, Stormwater and Irrigation Networks. Till 2006, the
operation and maintenance of the parks, Irrigation Networks and Storm water network were undertaken
by the Municipality. The work was outsourced and this first round of contracts is due for renewal. The
present contracts are task based whereas the new contracts will be performance based but with some
tasks specified to ensure pumps and electrical equipment are properly maintained.21 contracts will be
tendered over the next year. It includes 17 landscape contracts, 2 irrigation network contracts and 2
storm water contracts. A base document has been prepared for each of these groups and the details of
each area will be added to finalize the tender documents for each specific contract. The performance of
each contract will be monitored through Key Performance Indicators (KPI‟s) which will be set to ensure
the required standards are achieved. Financial penalties will be applied when the desired standard is not
achieved.
3.1.6.4 BLUE FLAG IS COMING TO THE ABU DHABI
The Blue Flag is a prestigious international award scheme which provides a guarantee to tourists and
residents that a beach or marina they are visiting is one of the best in the world. It is awarded to coastal
destinations which have achieved the desired quality in water, facilities, safety, environmental education
and management. The National Committee for Blue Flag in the UAE has selected the Corniche on Abu
Dhabi Island to be the pilot project for the Blue Flag accreditation. A committee comprising: World
Wildlife Fund (WWF), Parks and Recreational Facilities Division (PRFD),Community Services Division
(CSD), John Buck International (JBI), Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council (UPC)
3.1.6.5 GREEN FLAG
Abu Dhabi Municipality has a vision to achieve “Green Flag” status for its major parks. Its objective of is
to encourage the provision of good quality public parks and green spaces that are managed in
environmentally sustainable ways. Management plan is required to achieve the green flag accreditation.
It documents the contribution the green space is to enhance the community wellbeing and how and
when this will be achieved.
3.1.7 Landscape projects
ADM has completed several prestigious projects in urban landscape development. Most recently
completed projects are the expanded Corniche development and the Yas Island project. These projects
are equipped with state of the art landscape materials, irrigation and control systems and some
additional horticultural diversity reflecting modern practices. Furthermore, a number of projects are
currently in the pipeline.
MAIN PROJECTS OF PRFD 2010
Below some examples, in addition to many vital projects undertaken with aim of expanding greenery,
and beautifying the appearance of the city to become one of the best cosmopolitan cities worldwide:
3.1.7.1 CONSTRUCTION OF 12 POCKET PARKS INSIDE ABU DHABI
Currently, Municipality is working on the construction of 12 district parks (total area 121660 m
2
) in form
of two separate projects that will be opened in phases during this year. The first project (Five parks) has
already been completed on April of this year.They are constructed in accordance with comprehensive
strategy for the beautification of residential districts.
3.1.7.2 INSTALLATION OF PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT
Several suitable sites are to be provided with playground equipments have been selected in the City of
Abu Dhabi in accordance with the specific criteria: Population distribution & children concentration

3rd
between 1 – 14 Years, Provide security and safety standards, Lack of existing playground standard,
Walking distance to playground & accessibility (within 350m to 400m away from residential areas),
Connectivity to surrounding sites, especially residential areas.
3.1.7.3 AL SALAM STREET DEVELOPMENT AS THE GATEWAY TO ABU DHABI
The street ties Abu Dhabi Island with the mainland via Sheik Zayed Bridge, which is presently being
constructed, and Saadiyat Island (cultural district) via Khalifa Bridge. It also provides a connection to Al
Reem Island which is being developed as the new commercial centre. Al Salam Street Project is a result
of the coordination between the ADM, Urban planning Council, Department of Transport and General
command of Abu Dhabi Police. The project falls under the initiative of the Municipality to contribute to
the development of the city and establish Abu Dhabi‟s position as a truly modern metropolis on par with
best in the world. The mega infrastructure of this project is part of the Municipality‟s strategic aim to meet
the requirements of a development city, as well as respond to the needs of the growing population.
Furthermore, the Municipality‟s efforts are directed towards securing an advanced network of
infrastructure and transportation facilities to achieve the highest level of road system efficiency in Abu
Dhabi.
4. REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POSITION OF ABU DHABI CITY
Regionally, Abu Dhabi ranked third in terms of city infrastructures. It also ranked third among best five
cities in the Middle East in terms of evaluation of the overall quality of life indicators (2009).Globally, Abu
Dhabi is ranked 84 in terms of evaluation of the overall quality of life indicators (2009) and is making
steady progress as it ranked 92, 88 and 87 in 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. Abu Dhabi Emirate has
enhanced its position on the global tourist map. The Emirate was selected in 2008 as one of the best
travel destinations in the world.
5. AWARDS
It is worth mentioning that the Municipality of Abu Dhabi City has recently scooped several awards.
The related ones including:
 The Municipality of Abu Dhabi City has won the first prize of city Greenery of the 10th Arab Towns
Organization Award held in Doha, Qatar (2010).This prestigious Award comes in recognition of the
efforts put by the Municipality towards expanding the scope of greenery all over the city. It
demonstrates the huge attention assigned by the Municipality to projects landscaping in terms of
adopting rehabilitation and upgrading works inspired by heritage, tradition and suitability to the local
habitat, in a way that meets the standards set for landscaping engineering in the city of Abu Dhabi.
 Recently ( May,2010),The Municipality of Abu Dhabi City has won the Best Pioneer Scheme for
Technology Applications and Asset Management Award through its SCADA System and Asset
Management Control Project in the contest run by ITP Group (the specialized Asset Management &
Assessment Agency at the GCC and Middle East region).
Recommendations for the future development
1. Creating standard methods in dealing with the sandy soil to attain an ideal planting medium
depending upon the agricultural processes.
2. Adopt the most common improvement measures for poorly drained areas.
3. Create an ideal species composition for design and construct suitable forest shelter belts in different
locations according to the species appraisal, their functions and their specificity of micro-
environmental conditions.
4. Establishing future integrated projects to utilize the secondary products of the forest shelterbelts.
5. Study the tolerance and adaptability of all plant species to local severe conditions (drought and
salinity) and eventually establish programs for breeding and propagation methods.

3rd
6. Establishing a large reserve in a suitable environment which could include all the native and adapted
exotic plant species besides different wild life animals. The flora and fauna in this reserve should
support the gene bank in the region.
7. Undertake scientific experiments that deal with the use of nitrogen fixing forest species to improve
the fertility of sandy soil.
8. Restrict the usage of plant protection chemicals toward the adoption of biotical integrated plant
protection programs against the pests according to environmental guidelines “Organic Gardening”.
9. Enhance the public awareness of the importance and value of greenery.
10. Encourage the social role of the educational institutions to include the importance of environmental
issues in the study syllabus.
AKNOWLEGMENTS
Special thanks to our design section colleagues
REFERENCES
Al-Jarrah R. B. 2010. Achieving Balanced Water Utilization in Greater Abu Dhabi Area (report
presentation), Municipality of Abu Dhabi city, UAE.
Al-Kurbi, Hassan 2009. Water Resources in Abu Dhabi City. Technical Report, Municipality of Abu Dhabi
city, UAE.
Al-Mashhadani, A.S., 2000.”Establishing Forest Shelterbelts enrich the Environment". Environmental
page, Al- khaleej J., No.7646, UAE.
Al-Mashhadani, A.S., 2001"Soil salinity & Desertification". Al-Asimma Mg., No.60, Abu Dhabi
Municipality, UAE.
Al-Mashhadani, A.S., 2001"The environmental amelioration of land productivity". Al-Asimma Magazine,
No.66, Abu Dhabi Municipality, UAE.
Al-Mashhadani, A. S., & Mohamed R., 2006. "ABUDHABI GREENING"- A City Case Study Regional
Outlook Study, Urban and Peri-Urban Forestry and Greening in West and Central Asia. FAO Workshop
UF in WECA, Rome, 5-7 April 2006.
Al-Mashhadani, A. S., 2010.Green scenes in Abu Dhabi city. Town greening award 2010, Arab Towns
Organization Award, Doha, Qatar.
Committee for study for artificial water injection to ground water reservoirs in Abu Dhabi, 2005. Al
Khaleej newspaper, No. 9452, UAE.
Emirates Experience in Desert Greening, 1999. Al-Asimma Mg., No.46, Abu Dhabi Municipality, UAE.
Fawzi, M.Karim, 2000.The concise flora of the UAE. Dubai International conference on desertification
12-16 February 2000, UAE.
Maraqa, Munjed, 2001, Water resources and Consumption in the UAE. Mg. Environmental Issues,
No.15, Environment Friends Society.

3rd
Rainer Cordes & Fred Scholz, 1980.Bedouins, Wealth and Change, Study of Rural Development in the
UAE.UN University (printed in Japan).
Statistical book for 1995-1999. Statistics & Studies Section, Abu Dhabi Municipality, UAE.
Statistical data for Agriculture, Forestry& Agricultural Extension Depts.2000. Statistics
& Studies, Abu Dhabi Municipality, UAE.
The environment in Arab Nation (Zayed Centre study), 2001. Al-Asimma Mg., No.64, Abu Dhabi
Municipality, UAE.
“United Arab Emirates Year Book 2005” Ministry of Information & Culture, UAE.
“West Region Forests Overcome the Desert “, 1999. Al-Asimma Mg. No.49, Abu Dhabi Municipality,
UAE.
DATABASE
-http://www.alhewar.com/habeeb_salloum_uae_flowering_agriculture.htm
-http://www.ameinfo.com/67468.html
- http://www.arab.net/uae/ue_agriculture.htm
-http://www.datadubai.com/agri.htm
-http://www.gulfnews.com/Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=104493
-http://www.hridir.org/hri/upd?action=vc&c=united_arab_emirates
- http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/arn/cg/2002/art00005
-http://www.khaleejtimes.com/.../business/2005/September
- http://www.mercer.com/qualityofliving
-http://www.uaeinteract.com/news/default.asp?ID=49

Sustainable Greening of Abu Dhabi City - 2010

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (11)

Similar to Sustainable Greening of Abu Dhabi City - 2010

Similar to Sustainable Greening of Abu Dhabi City - 2010 (20)

More from Abdul-Sattar Al-Mashhadani

More from Abdul-Sattar Al-Mashhadani (20)

Sustainable Greening of Abu Dhabi City - 2010