sustainable development problems (pollution)

3. INTRODUCTION
•THERMAL POLLUTION – SUDDEN INCREASE OR DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE OF
WATER LIKE OCEAN, LAKE, RIVER OR POND BY HUMAN INFLUENCE.
•IT OCCURS WHEN A PLANT OR FACILITY TAKES IN WATER FROM A NATURAL
RESOURCES AND THEN REMOVED IT BACK WITH AN ALTERED TEMPERATURE.
•USUALLY THOSE FACILITIES USED THE WATER RESOURCES IN THEIR COOLING
METHOD FOR THE MACHINERY USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF THEIR PRODUCTS.

5. CAUSES OF THERMAL POLLUTION
1) NUCLEAR WATER PLANTS
2) SOIL EROSION
3) DEFORESTATION
4) THERMAL SHOCK
5) DOMESTIC SEWAGE
6) COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

6. NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
• THE WATER USED AS COOLING AGENT.
• AFTER THE WATER BEING USED, IT IS
REMOVED BACK TO THE SOURCE IN 9-20°C
WARMER.
• EMISSION FROM NUCLEAR REACTOR
INCREASE THE TEMPERATURE OF WATER
BODIES.

7. SOIL EROSION
• IT MAKES THE WATER BECOME MUDDY.
• IT INCREASES THE LIGHT ABSORBED.

8. DEFORESTATION
• WHEN DEFORESTATION TAKES PLACE, THE
WATER BODIES EXPOSED TO THE SUNLIGHT
DIRECTLY CAUSES THE WATER ABSORBS
MORE HEAT AND RAISING ITS TEMPERATURE.
• A MAIN CAUSE OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION
OF GREENHOUSE GASES (I.E. GLOBAL
WARMING IN THE ATMOSPHERE).

9. THERMAL SHOCK
• FISH AND OTHER ORGANISMS ADAPTED TO A
CERTAIN WATER TEMPERATURE CAN GO INTO
SHOCK WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IS
CHANGED EVEN 1 OR 2 DEGREES.

10. DOMESTIC SEWAGE
• SEWAGE USUALLY DISCHARGED INTO LAKES,
CANALS OR STREAMS.
• IT IS NORMALLY A HIGHER TEMPERATURE THAN
A RECEIVING WATER.
• INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE OF THE RECEIVING
WATER DECREASES THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN OF
WATER.
• THE FOUL SMELLING GASES INCREASED IN
WATER RESULTING IN DEATH OF MARINE
ORGANISMS.

11. COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS
• COAL IS UTILIZED AS A FUEL.
• THE CONDENSER COILS ARE COOLED WITH
WATER FROM NEARBY LAKE OR RIVER.
• THE HEATED EFFLUENTS DECREASE THE DO
OF WATER.
• DAMAGES THE MARINE ORGANISMS.

12. EFFECTS OF THERMAL POLLUTION
1) REDUCTION IN DISSOLVED OXYGEN
- CONCENTRATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) DECREASES WITH INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE
2) INTERFERENCE IN REPRODUCTION
- IN FISHES, SEVERAL ACTIVITIES LIKE NEST BUILDING, SPAWNING, HATCHING, MIGRATION AND REPRODUCTION
DEPEND ON OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE.
3) DIRECT MORTALITY
- THERMAL POLLUTION IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR MORTALITY OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS.
4) INCREASE IN TOXICITY
- THE RISING TEMPERATURE INCREASES THE TOXICITY OF THE POISON PRESENT IN WATER.

13. CONTROL MEASURES
1) ENERGY CHIPS
2) DESALINATION PLANTS
3) LESS NUCLEAR POWER
4) END SHORELINE DEFORESTATION
5) PREVENT SOIL EROSION
6) COOLING PONDS – MANMADE BODIES DESIGNED FOR COOLING BY EVAPORATION, CONVECTION AND RADIATION.
7) COOLING TOWERS – WHICH TRANSFER WASTER HEAT TO ATMOSPHERE THROUGH EVAPORATION AND/OR HEAT
TRANSFER.
8) COGENERATION – A PROCESS WHERE WASTE HEAT IS RECYCLED FOR DOMESTIC AND/OR INDUSTRIAL HEATING
PURPOSES.

14. CHALLENGE
• AS A CHALLENGE TO OVERCOME THIS POLLUTION:
• THERE ARE TOO MANY POWER PLANT THAT CREATE ELECTRICITY THAT CREATE ADDITIONAL HEAT FROM
UNNATURAL PROCESSES.
• THE HEAT EXCHANGER AND EVAPORATE COOLING PROCESS WERE WIDELY USED BY MANY
ORGANIZATION OR FACTORIES TO GO THROUGH SOME PROCESS OF CHANGING CERTAIN TEMPERATURE
EITHER HEATING OR COOLING PROCESS.
• DEFORESTATION ALSO CONTRIBUTES TO SOIL EROSION THAT AGGRAVATES ACTIVITY.
• IT ALLOWS THE INCREASING OF LIGHT DIRECT TO THE EXPOSED WATER SOURCE.

15. SUGGESTION/SOLUTION1) PLANT MORE SHADE TREES
SHADE TREES CAN PREVENT THE WATER FROM DIRECT SUN’S RAYS AND ABSORB CARBON EMISSIONS.
2) REDUCE ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION
POWER PLANT IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO THERMAL POLLUTION, SO THAT BY USING LESS POWER COULD HELP IN PREVENTING
THIS POLLUTION.
3) CONTROL TEMPERATURES IN URBAN AREAS
CHECK ON THE CITY PLANNING AND WORKING, TO STABILIZE THE TEMPERATURES SO WE CAN HELP REDUCING THE HARMFUL
TEMPERATURES ESPECIALLY DURING THE HOTTEST MONTH OF THE YEAR.
4) LOOK AT NO TILL FARMING OPTIONS
CHANGE THE METHODS OF FARMING TO A MORE SUSTAINABLE NO TILL METHOD
5) USE A HEATED WATER AS POWER SOURCE
THROUGH SOLAR PANELS, HEATED POWER CAN BE PROCESSED AS A POWER SOURCE FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLICATIONS.

16. UNETHICAL PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTION
Do’s Don’t
Monitor deforestation activity Allow deforestation without monitoring
Reduce electrical consumption Use excessive electrical consumption in power
plant
Don’t ignore and check the changes of
temperature in our place
Ignore on the temperature changes in our place
Change to other methods of farming that more
sustainable than old methods
Use the same methods in farming without thinking
the consequences
Don’t use too much coolant for cooling process in
a manufacturing process
Use too much coolant for cooling process in a
manufacturing process

17. PUBLIC AWARENESS

18. REFERENCES
• HTTP://WWW.PAGEFORJOBS.COM/2014/03/THERMAL-POLLUTION-AS-GLOBAL-PROBLEM.HTML
• HTTP://VISIONLAUNCH.COM/5-SOLUTIONS-THERMAL-POLLUTION/#
• HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/HARITHA47/THERMAL-POLLUTION-46386170

19. POLLUTION
RADIOACTI
VE

20. INTRODUCTION
Radioactive Pollution can be characterized as the release of radioactive
substances or high vitality particles into the air, water, or earth as a
result of human action, either coincidentally or by design.
“Result of human action, either coincidentally or by design.”

21. ISSUE
Effect on specific
target
HUMAN
Effect of radioactive
depend on
Damage caused to the
human body due to
penetrating radiation
depend on
Cell that are more
vulnerable to injury by
radiation for example
The strength of the radiation which
in turn is determined by the
degree of ionisation produced on
passing through matter.
The part of the body exposed.
• Cells of the skin
• Cells lining the intestine
• Reproductive cells

22. ISSUE
Effect on specific
target
GLOBAL
Accidents
Scavenging
Transportation
Accident do occur even though
nuclear waste were being dispose
on the safe placed.
Particularly bad problem in
developing nations, people often
go scavenging for abandoned
nuclear waste that is still
radioactive
• Poor transporting nuclear waste
from power plant will result in
the content to spill and affect a
wide radius.

23. ISSUE
Effect on specific
targetSOCIETY
&
ENVIRONMENT
Plant Growth
Animal and Humans
Ionized radiation that occurs from
nuclear material may result in
weakening of seeds and frequent
mutations
The damage it causes depends
on the level of radiation and the
resiliency of the organism.
Radiation causes molecules to
lose electrons thus destroying it

24. CHALLENGE
MANAGINGTHE
ISSUE
CO
ST
EDUCA
TION
COUNTRY
HIGHER COST FOR
DEVELOP
RADIOACTIVE
CONTAINER
NEED TO EDUCATE
PERSON TOWARD
THE DANGEROUS OF
RADIOACTIVE TO
HEALTH
NEED TO CONTROL
THE USE OF
RADIOACTIVE
SUBSTANCES
Eg: the radioactive
storage’s tank
must be withstand
the higher
emission of
radioactive
Eg:Trainings,
Campaign,
Competition
Eg: Monitor the
use of radioactive
substance

25. SUGGESTION
THE SOLUTION
INDUSTRIES COUNT
RY
INDIVIDUAL
DISPOSAL OF
RADIOACTIVE
MATERIAL MUST BE
SAFE AND SECURE
THE NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT MUST
BE FOLLOW THE
RULES AND
REGULATION OF THE
NATION
THE PROTECTIVE
GARMENT
Eg: Stored in safe
place and change it
into harmless form
Eg: Follow the law
of the nation
Eg:THEWORKER
MUST USE
SUITABLE
GARMENT IFTHEY
WORK AT
NUCLEAR PLANT

26. CHALLENGE
TO REPLICATE
INTERNATIONAL
INDUSTRIES COUNT
RY
INDIVIDUAL
DISPOSAL OF
RADIOACTIVE
MATERIAL NOT SAFE
AND SECURE
UNFOLLOW THE
CURRENT LAW
UNUSED PROTECTIVE
GARMENT
Eg: Not enough
money to develop
high cost storage
Eg: Some of the
industries don’t
follow rules and
regulation
Eg: High cost for
buying suitable
garment

27. UN-ETHICAL PROBLEMS AND
SUGGESTIONS TO OVERCOME
(DO’S AND DON’TS)
• Control the use of radiaoactive
substance
• Buy the radioactive container
-by government
• Expose the radioactive
substance outside the
container are
• Use it freely without
control
DO’s
Dont’s
Unethical/uncontroller the use of
radioactive substance

28. Solution to overcome
unethical porblem
Nuclear power regulator and
industry must follow the ethical
law to make decision in order to
get more benefit and reduce the
harm of radioactive
Enforce safety
regulation to ensure
no harm by using
radioactive

29. • http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/Global/eastasia/photos/climate-energy/cape-town-
anti-nuclear.jpg
• http://www.livestrong.com/article/236518-radiation-effects-on-the-environment/
• http://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1099&context=ojhe
REFERENCE

31. WHAT IS NOISE?
UNWANTED SOUND BECAUSE OF :
•TOO LOUD
•UNPLEASANT OR ANNOYING
•INTRUSIVE OR DISTRACTING

32. “
”
WHAT IS NOISE POLLUTION?
[1] NOISE POLLUTION DEFINITION (MAY, 2017) RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://WWW.NOISEHELP.COM/WHAT-IS-NOISE-POLLUTION.HTML
NOISE POLLUTION REFERS TO SOUNDS IN THE ENVIRONMENT THAT ARE CAUSED BY HUMANS AND THAT
THREATEN THE HEALTH OR WELFARE OF HUMAN OR ANIMAL INHABITANTS. [1]

34. Noise Level

35. Industrialization
Poor urban
planning
Social events Transportation
Construction
Cause of pollution!

36. EFFECT OF NOISE POLLUTION
• HEARING PROBLEMS
• HEALTH ISSUES
• SLEEPING DISORDERS
• TROUBLE COMMUNICATING
• CARDIOVASCULAR ISSUES
• EFFECT ON WILDLIFE
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-noise-pollution.php

37. HEARING PROBLEMS
• OUR EARS CAN TAKE IN A CERTAIN RANGE OF SOUNDS WITHOUT GETTING
HARMED.
• LOUD NOISES SUCH AS JACKHAMMERS, HORNS, MACHINERY, AIRPLANES
AND EVEN VEHICLES CAN BE TOO LOUD FOR OUR HEARING RANGE.
• CONSTANT EXPOSURE TO LOUD LEVELS OF NOISE CAN EASILY RESULT IN
THE DAMAGE OF OUR EAR DRUMS AND LOSS OF HEARING.
• IT ALSO REDUCES OUR SENSITIVITY TO SOUNDS THAT OUR EARS PICK UP
UNCONSCIOUSLY TO REGULATE OUR BODY’S RHYTHM.

38. HEALTH ISSUES
• NOISE POLLUTION CAN EFFECT OUR PSYCHOLOGICAL.
• EXCESSIVE NOISE CAN BECOME DISTURBANCE OF SLEEP,
CONSTANT STRESS, FATIGUE AND HYPERTENSION.
• THESE CAN CAUSE MORE SEVERE AND CHRONIC HEALTH
ISSUES LATER IN LIFE.

39. SLEEPING DISORDERS
• LOUD NOISE CAN DISTURB YOUR SLEEPING PATTERN AND
MAY LEAD TO IRRITATION AND UNCOMFORTABLE
SITUATIONS.
• WITHOUT A PROPER SLEEP, IT MAY LEAD TO PROBLEMS
RELATED TO FATIGUE AND YOUR PERFORMANCE.
• IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED TO TAKE A SOUND SLEEP TO
GIVE YOUR BODY PROPER REST.

40. TROUBLE COMMUNICATING
• HIGH DECIBEL SOUND CAN PUT INCONVENIENCE AND MAY
NOT ENABLE TWO INDIVIDUALS TO INTERACT FREELY.
• THIS MAY PROMPT MISCONCEPTION AND YOU MAY GET
TROUBLESOME UNDERSTANDING THE OTHER INDIVIDUAL.
• CONSTANT SHARP NOISE CAN GIVE YOU SEVERE
HEADACHE AND DISTURB YOUR EMOTIONAL BALANCE.

41. CARDIOVASCULAR ISSUES
• HIGH LEVEL OF NOISE CAN CAUSE HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE AND INCREASES HEART BEAT RATE.
• THIS WILL DISRUPTS THE NORMAL BLOOD FLOW.

42. EFFECT ON WILDLIFE
• WILDLIFE ARE MORE SENSITIVES THAN HUMAN ON NOISE
POLLUTION AS THEY DEPENDS ON IT.
• ANIMALS DEVELOP A BETTER SENSE OF HEARING THAN US
SINCE THEIR SURVIVAL DEPENDS ON IT.
• ANIMAL SUCH AS BATS, DOLPHIN AND DOG USE SOUND TO
HUNT AND INTERACT WITH OTHER ANIMALS. THUS, IT WILL
HARM THEIR LIFE.

43. CHALLENGE
• TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
USE OF SOUND WAVE IN MILITARY HARM THE AQUATIC LIFE
• URBAN PLANNING AREA
INCREASING NUMBER OF POPULATION LEADS THE EXCESSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL AREA
• TRAFFIC
THE NEEDS OF TRANSPORTATION WHICH LEADS TO THE INCREASING NUMBER OF VEHICLE ON THE ROAD

44. SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION
Issues Solutions
Construction Implement and enforce policies limiting the use of
construction equipment at night.
Poor Urban Planning Federal and State agencies limit how much the noise
may be emitted by motor vehicle engines
Transportation Use a hybrid vehicle which is more quiet and less
pollution
Social Events Cities can permit and regulate outdoor public events to
limit noise impacts.
Industrialization Enforce noise standards for loud machinery and
equipment.
http://earthjournalism.net/resources/noise-pollution-managing-the-challenge-of-urban-
sounds

45. UNETHICAL DO’S AND DON’T
Do’s Don’t
Follows the laws and regulation of noise control
regulation
Disobey the laws and regulation of noise control
regulation
Use horn only for emergencies purposes Use horn excessively even at the sensitive area
such as at the hospital
Use a noise barrier on heavy machineries Remove the noise barrier at the equipment
Limited the use of equipment that use loud noise Use equipment that produce loud noise
excessively
Plan social event such as concert far away from
residential area
Plan social event in a residential area

46. MEC600: ENGINEERING IN
SOCIETY
AIR POLLUTION

47. INTRODUCTION
AIR POLLUTION
What is air pollution?
A substance in the air that can causeharmto humans and the environment is knownas an air
pollution. Pollution can be in the formof solid particles, liquiddroplets and the gases. In
addition, theymay be natural or man-made.

48. Sulphur
dioxide
Carbon
dioxide
Ozone
Volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs)
Particulates
Nitrogen
oxides
Unburned
hydrocarbon
s
CFCs
Lead and
heavy
metals
Carbon
monoxide

49. TYPES OF AIR
POLLUTION
Primary air pollution
• enter the atmosphere directly
Secondary air pollution
• form from a chemical
reaction

50. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
Transportation
Stationary
combustion
Industrial
plants and
factories
Solid waste
disposal
Miscellaneous

51. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
Main effects of air pollution are from local
effects and global effects:
 Local effects which is only effects on human and
give an impact on the environment. Example of
effects on human are deaths from respiratory
disease and chronic fatigue while impact on the
environment are vegetation damage, reduce
biodiversity and damage to the soil.
 Global effects is effect on the earth. Example of
it are acid rain, depletion of ozone layer and
global warming.

52. 1) Respiratory and health problem
2) Global warming
3) Acid rain
4) Eutrophication
Effects of
air pollution

53. 5) Effect on wildlife 6) Depletion of ozone layer
7. Damage to the soil
Effects of
air pollution

54. AIR POLLUTION ACCIDENTS
1) During a 3 day fog in 1930, 60 people died in Meuse Valley, Belgium,
while 592 people died in Manchester, England in 1931 during a 9 day
fog. The 1948 plant emissions and atmospheric conditions in Donora,
Penn. USA caused a 4 day fog and 7000 people were reported sick and
20 people died. The 4 day fog of 1952 in London, England resulted in
4000 deaths and concentration levels were several times higher than
the current air quality standards in the United States.

55. AIR POLLUTION ACCIDENTS
2) A four hour release of methyl isocyanate at a chemical plant owned by Union
Carbide in 1984 killed 2800 people in Bhopal, India and opened the eyes of
government agencies and public around the world. This Bhopal gas tragedy can be
read in a nutshell in the following table:

56. AIR POLLUTION ACCIDENTS
3) Public appreciation of radio nuclide emissions increased after
the accidents at Three Mile Island, U.S.A. and Chernobyl, in
ester while Russia. The accident at Chernobyl in 1986 caused
32 deaths and 135,000 people and their livestock had to be
removed from the region for several months.

57. SOLUTION OF AIR POLLUTION
Use public mode of transportation
Conserve energy
Understand the concept of 3R (reduce,
reuse, recycle)
Emphasis on clean energy resources
Use energy efficient devices

58. What are the challengescountries face and what obstacles are
preventing assistance in improving air quality?
 There is significant inequality in the exposure to air pollution and the related
health risk: air pollution combines with other aspects of the social and physical
environment, creating disproportional disease burden in less affluent parts of
the society.
 Often, the biggest air-pollution related burden to health is observed in
developing countries which are already struggling with various problems of
poverty and social deprivation.
 The burden of health related to indoor air pollution from burning of solid fuels
could be reduced by the relatively simple improvement of stoves. Here
information, education and technical assistance are essential if the health
burden on children and women is to be reduced.
 In many developing countries, consideration of pollution emissions in urban
planning, domestic heating, energy production and transport development is
still not a common practice. The ignorance of health effects of the pollution, or
under appreciation of its magnitude are big obstacles in defining the actions
and mobilizing local, and international resources. At the same time, relatively
simple interventions such as an improvement in kitchen stoves or heating
appliances, may reduce exposure of people to the pollution radically, producing
significant health gain at minimal cost.

59. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION

60. DO’S AND DON’TS FOR AIR POLLUTION
DO'S DON'TS
Do you really need to drive a car everywhere? Walk to
work, or ride a bicycle
Don't use extensively your private vehicles, try to use
public transportation whenever possible.
Carpool. Two - or four - can ride as cheaply as one. Avoid congested road and rush hours.
Get a valid pollution under control certificate from
authorized testing center.
Don’t idle away energy. Beyond one minute, it is
more fuel - efficient to restart your car
Clean up your act. Keep automobiles fuel filters clean
and save the fuel.
Don't forget to Keep your vehicle tuned up. When a
vehicle is running well, it uses nine per cent less fuel
and thus emits fewer toxic and noxious fumes.
Clean the air filter and oil filter regularly. Don't try to replicate mechanical works and
experiment with your car.
Clean the carbon deposit from silencer. Don't forget to replace your old battery with new
battery when it required.
Maintain recommended tire pressure. Don't use clutch pedal as footrest.
Clean the condenser coils on the back or bottom of
your refrigerator once a year. · Adjust your refrigerator
to a less-cold setting. cbseportal.com
Don't keep on the lights if you will be out of the room
for 15 minutes or more.
Make maximum use of natural light. Don't use electricity during day time Think about it -
do you really need to turn on a light during the day.
If you use a radiator heat, put a reflector sheet behind
the radiator. It keeps the heat from being absorbed by
the wall.
Don't prefer incandescent light and replace energy
efficient, compact fluorescent light tubes even if it
cost more.

61. REFERENCES
I. http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-
solutions-of-air-pollution.php
II. Deval L Patricx, Timothy P Murray. Health & Environmental
Effects of Air Pollution. Department of Environmental Protection.
Commonwealth of Massachussets.
III. http://eschooltoday.com/pollution/air-pollution/effects-of-air-
pollution.html
IV. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution
V. Dr. Zohreh Hesami. Air Pollution – Challenges and
SolutionsEnvironment and Sustainable Development
Headquarter. Tehran Municipality.

62. Water pollution
Mec600 : engineer in
society

63. Water pollution happens when toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes, rivers,
oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on
the bed. This degrades the quality of water.
Not only does this spell disaster for aquatic ecosystems, the pollutants also seep through
and reach the groundwater, which might end up in our households as contaminated water we
use in our daily activities, including drinking.
SANDAKAN, MALAYSIA - 23 JUNE 2016:
Pollution environmental problem.
Plastic bottles,bags,trash and sewage dumped
in ocean and washing up on beach.Shows
need to recycle and avoid water pollution.

64. Chemical
Ground
Water
Surface
Water
Pollution
Nutrients
Oxygen
Depleting
Microbiologi
Suspended
Matter

65. Industrial and agricultural work involves the use of many different chemicals that can run-off into water and pollute
it.
 Metals and solvents from industrial work can pollute rivers and lakes. These are poisonous to many forms of aquatic
life and may slow their development, make them infertile or even result in death.
 Pesticides are used in farming to control weeds, insects and fungi. Run-offs of these pesticides can cause water
pollution and poison aquatic life. Subsequently, birds, humans and other animals may be poisoned if they
eat infected fish.
 Petroleum is another form of chemical pollutant that usually contaminates water through oil spills when a ship
ruptures. Oil spills usually have only a localised affect on wildlife but can spread for miles. The oil can
cause the death of many fish and stick to the feathers of seabirds causing them to lose the ability to fly.

67. When humans apply pesticides and chemicals to soils, they are washed deep into the
ground by rainwater. This gets to underground water, causing pollution underground.
This means when we dig wells and bore holes to get water from underground, it needs to be
checked for ground water pollution.

68. Surface waters are the natural water resources of the Earth. They are found on the exterior of the Earth’s
crust and include:
 Oceans
 Rivers
 Lakes
These waters can become polluted in a number of ways, and this is called surface water pollution.

69. Microbiological pollution is the natural form of water pollution that is caused by
microorganisms in uncured water. Most of these organisms are harmless but some bacteria,
viruses, and protozoa can cause serious diseases such as cholera and typhoid.
This is a significant problem for people in third world countries who have no clean drinking
water and/or facilities to cure the water

70. This type of pollution occurs when pollutants enter the water and do not
mix in with the water molecules.
These suspended particles form fine silt on the waterbed, harming the
marine life by taking away the nutrients and disturbing their habitat

71. Microorganisms that thrive in water feed on biodegradable substances.
When there is an influx of biodegradable material from such things as waste or erosion from
farming, the numbers of these microorganisms increase and utilize the obtainable oxygen.
When these oxygen levels are depleted, harmless aerobic microorganisms die and anaerobic
microorganisms thrive. Some of these organisms produce damaging toxins like sulfide and
ammonia.

72. Nutrients are usually found in wastewater and fertilizers. These can cause
excess vegetation in the water such as algae and weeds, using up the
oxygen in the water and hurting the surrounding marine life and other
organisms in the water

73. 1) Human Health
- Human are affected by water pollution.
Diseases like hepatitis are caused by eating
seafood that is poisoned or contaminated.
- Polluted drinking water can causes cholera or
typhoid infections and also diarrhea.
- Highly polluted water can harm internal organ
like kidney and heart.
2) Ecosystem
- Ecosystem can be severely affected or
damaged by water pollution.
- Water pollution kills lice that inhabit the water
based ecosystem, disrupting the natural food
chain.
- Affects microbial population.
3) Animal Health
- Water pollution kills life that depends on these
water bodies.
- Fishes and aquatic organism are poisoned
due to industrial chemical and agricultural
pesticides.
- Fish , bird , dolphins and many other animals
are killed by pollutants in their habitat
4) Argicultural
- The waste that we dump on water bodies
gets accumulated on surface water and ground
water, this will contaminate crops and cause
diseases to consumers and farm workers.
Depositions of deleterious chemicals in soil
also leads to loss of soil fertility

74. Inside The Home:
 Conserve water whenever possible.
 Do not deposit any harmful chemicals or medications down the drain.
 Use environmentally-friendly household cleaning products and personal
products.
 Recycle and dispose household waste properly.
 Support organic farmers by purchasing organic food and other products, since
these farms are against using pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers.
 Properly dispose toxic products such as; paint, oil and other hazardous
materials.
 Install water filters to help clean the water in your home.

75. Outside The Home:
 Enforce and obey anti-litter bylaws.
 Report misuse and participate in anti-litter campaigns.
 Refrain from using fertilizers or pesticides on lawns or
gardens.
 Preserve our forest, which are natural water purifiers,
by reducing paper use and by supporting reforestation.
 Don't deposit any waste or litter in any water system.
 Use storm bins to save rain water for future watering of
gardens and lawns.
 Maintain vehicles to prevent oil leaks.
 Keep all boats and water crafts well maintained.

76. Despite impressive progress, many of the nation's rivers, lakes, and coastal waters do not meet water
quality goals. Some waters face the threat of degradation from diverse pollution sources which affect
citizens' quality of life by reducing recreational opportunities, undermining local economic prosperity,
and threatening drinking water supplies and impairing public health. States report that close to 40
percent of the waters they surveyed are too polluted for basic uses like fishing or swimming. The success
in cleaning up pollution from point sources (e.g., factories and sewage treatment plants) has not yet been
matched by controls over polluted runoff from sources such as farms, urban areas, forestry, ranching, and
mining operations. Natural areas that are critical to the health of aquatic systems, such as wetlands,
stream corridors, and coastal areas, are not adequately protected. In addition, water pollution poses a
continuing threat to public health. The number of fish consumption advisories and beach closings is
rising each year and new threats, such as the toxic microorganism Pfiesteria, demand effective responses.

77. It is estimated that $139.5 billion are still needed to construct or
improve wastewater treatment facilities to correct current water quality
or public health problems. These dollars would be used for replacing or
repairing existing sewer collection systems, constructing new sewers or
interceptors, treating wastewater overflows from combined sewers,
continuing needs for municipal storm water management, and
controlling nonpoint sources of pollution
In addition, there are new technical challenges in addressing
control of toxic pollutants and the management of residual biosolids
(sewage sludge). Greater concern about toxic pollutants suggests the
need for higher levels of wastewater treatment coupled with industrial
pretreatment, which in turn will generally lead to the production of
greater quantities of biosolids. These higher level processes will be
more expensive to build and operate.

78. Do's
Reuse of water
whenever
possible, Kitchen
water can be used
for watering the
plants
Plan your
kitchen activity
to avoid
wastage of fuel
and water.
Plastic materials can be a
murder weapons for
wildlife, minimise their
use. Blown from land and
roadsides, they often end
up in the water, where they
can entangle and kill birds
and fishes
Use sprinkler
for irrigation.
Use scientific
method of
application
fertilizers
Don'ts
Don’t hose down
your lawn or
corridor to clean
it. Sweep it off.
Don't keep on the tap
running while having,
bath, brushing teeth,
or washing dishes it
wastes about 2 liters of
water every minute
Avoid throughing dead
bodies in a river. This
will ultimately landing in
the mouth of dogs,
vultures & other
animals.Do you like it to
happen with your bodies.
Never dump
anything into
the water
bodies.
Don’t wash the
clothes and
kitchen utensils in
the water bodies.

79.  http://www.ehsdb.com/dos-and-donts--water-pollu
tion.php
 https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/51/4/283/247100/Challenges
-for-Environmental-Education-Is
sues-and
 https://www.slideshare.net/april.cruda/water-pollution-43696530
 https://www.slideshare.net/adarshbimod/effects-of-water-pollution-
52200464