:CONTENTS: ->INTRODUCTION -SURVEYING? AN ANALYSIS AND COMPARISION OF THE PROMINENCE OF INTRAORAL CONTOURS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FABRICATION OF A PROSTHESIS. -SURVEYOR? AN INSTRUMENT USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE TO LOCATE AND DELINEATE THE CONTOURS AND RELATIVE POSITIONS OF ABUTMENT TEETH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES ->OBJECTIVES OF SURVEYING ->TYPES OF SURVEYOR ->PARTS OF A SURVEYOR ->SURVEYING TOOLS -ANALYSING ROD -CARBON MARKERS -UNDERCUT GAUGES -WAX KNIFE ->STEPS IN FABRICATION OF RPD ->SUMMARY

1. DEPARTMENT OF
PROSTHODONTICS
TOPIC: SURVEYING TOOLS
PRESENTED BY:
JEBAN JYOTI SAHU
ROLL NO.: 1879032
3rd yr BDS. KIDS, BBSR-24

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES OF SURVEYING
 TYPES OF SURVEYOR
 PARTS OF A SURVEYOR
SURVEYING TOOLS
• ANALYSING ROD
• CARBON MARKERS
• UNDERCUT GAUGES
• WAX KNIFE
 STEPS IN FABRICATION OF RPD
 SUMMARY

3. WHAT IS SURVEYING?
Defined as:
“AN ANALYSIS AND COMPARISION OF THE PROMINENCE OF
INTRAORAL CONTOURS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FABRICATION
OF A PROSTHESIS”
WHAT IS SURVEYOR?
Defined as:
“AN INSTRUMENT USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE TO LOCATE AND
DELINEATE THE CONTOURS AND RELATIVE POSITIONS OF
ABUTMENT TEETH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES”

4. OBJECTIVES:
• RETENTION
• PATH OF INSERTION
• TO MARK HEIGHT OF CONTOUR
• TO MARK UNDESIRABLE UNDERCUTS

5. TYPES OF SURVEYOR:
NEY'S SURVEYOR
(Horizontal arm is fixed)
WILL'S SURVEYOR
(Horizontal arm can swivel)
WILLIAMS SURVEYOR
(Horizontal arm is split and jointed)

6. PARTS OF A SURVEYOR:
a
b
c
d
e
a. SURVEYING PLATFORM
b. CAST HOLDER / SURVEYING
TABLE
(It is a stand placed over surveying platform.
Stand has a base and a table.
Table is attached to the base with the help of
a ball and socket joint.)
c. VERTICAL ARM
d. HORIZONTAL ARM
e. SURVEYING ARM

8. SURVEYING ARM
The lower end of this arm has a mandrel
into which, tools used for surveying can
be locked in.
In the Will's surveyor the surveying arm is
spring loaded.
In the Ney surveyor the
surveying arm is positioned
by a locking device.

9. SURVEYING TOOLS
These are the tools attached to the mandrel of the surveying
arm and are used for surveying.
They are of different types, e.g.:
ANALYSING ROD CARBON MARKER
(used to mark the height of
contour)
UNDERCUT GAUGES
A.Available in different
sizes.
B.Used to measure the undercut.
WAX KNIFE

10. ANALYSING ROD:
• It is a solid cylindrical metal rod.
• It is the first tool used in surveying.
• It acts like a tangent to the convex surface of the
teeth to be analysed.
• It helps to analyze the location of the height of
contours, the presence and absence of favorable
and unfavorable undercuts for a particular path of
insertion.
• It is used to determine the parallelism of the tooth
surface before marking the survey line. Hence,also
called as paralleling tool.
• It also helps to arbitrarly determine the path of
insertion.

11. CARBON MARKERS:
• It is similar to lead points in a pencil.
• It is used to draw the ‘survey line’ by contacting
the teeth similar to the analysing rod, which
denote the height of contour of the teeth.
• They are circular in cross-section in Ney
surveyors and triangular in Jelenko surveyors.
Procedure:
After replacing the analysing rod with carbon markers
-> cast mounted on the surveyor is rotated against the
carbon marker -> this produce survey line.
 These survey lines helps in positioning the various
component parts of a RPD.

12. UNDERCUT GAUGES:
• Undercut gauges are used to measure
the depth and location of undercuts on
the analysed tooth in 3D.
• It consists of a vertical rod attached to
the centre of a circular metal plate.
• While the rod contacts the height of
contour, the circular projection
contacts the undercut.
• Generally, it comes as 0.010, 0.020,
0.030 inch gauge. (Mc Cracken)
• Undercut gauges used to measure the
amount of available retention.

13. WAX KNIFE:
• Used to trim excess wax from block out
areas to make them parallel to path of
insertion.
• Also, to trim waxed crown restorations
to desirable path of insertion.

14. STEPS IN FABRICATION OF A RPD
(In brief)
1. DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS (Clinical examination, Radiographic examination)
POST-CLINICAL/DERIVED DIAGNOSIS (Evaluation of the patient's condition using the collected data)
a. PREPARING THE DIAGNOSTIC CAST
b. EVALUATING THE DIAGNOSTC CAST
-> SURVEYING THE DIAGNOSTIC CAST USING A SURVEYOR
2. TREATMENT PLANNING
3. PRE-PROSTHETIC PROCEDURES (includes extraction, perio, ortho , endo treatment of damaged teeth.)
4. MAKING THE PRIMARY IMPRESSION & CAST
5. DESIGNING THE PROSTHESIS
(Choosing the type of components for the partial denture, determining the location of various components, determining the path
of insertion and choosing the type of material for each component. Done using SURVEYOR.)
6. PROSTHETIC MOUTH PREPARATION
7. SECONDARY/FINAL IMPRESSION MAKING AND CAST
8. FABRICATING THE FRAMEWORK
9. FRAMEWORK TRY-IN
10. FABRICATING THE TRIAL PROSTHESIS
11. TRY-IN OF TRIAL DENTURE
12. PROCESSING THE TRIAL DENTURE
13. DENTURE INSERTION & FOLLOW UP.
* If the patient did not require any pre-prosthetic procedure, the diagnostic cast is directly used as the primary cast.

15. SUMMARY
The surveyor is an essential tool in the diagnosis and treatment planning of removable
partial dentures. Surveying helps design a removable partial denture such that the
rigid and nonrigid components of the prosthesis will go into the mouth as a single
unit, free from interferences, and in the mouth, will resist dislodging forces.
ANALYSING ROD:
To analyze the
• location of the height of
contours,
• presence and absence of
favorable and unfavorable
undercuts.
To determine the
• parallelism of the tooth
surface
• path of insertion.
CARBON MARKERS:
Used to
• draw the ‘survey
line’, which denote
the height of
contour of the
teeth.
UNDERCUT GAUGES:
Used to
• measure the depth
and location of
undercuts on the
analysed tooth.
• measure the amount
of available
retention.
WAX KNIFE:
Used to
• trim excess wax from
block out areas to
make them parallel
to path of insertion.
• trim waxed crown
restorations.

16. THANK YOU
STAY HOME. STAY SAFE