Surgical Site Infection Analysis

Surgical Site Infection Analysis
In 1992, CDC revised its definition of 'wound infection', by creating the definition, 'surgical site
infection', to prevent the confusion between the infection of a surgical incision and the infection of a
traumatic wound (Horan et al 1992). A precise definition of surgical site infection is vital for
personnel measuring infection rates (WHO 2009). The definitions of surgical site infection may
vary between research studies but are commonly based on those described by the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention although other valid measures have been used (NICE 2008). The
CDC definition describes three levels of SSI: i. Superficial incisional, affecting the skin and
subcutaneous tissue that may be indicated by localized signs such as redness,
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Essay about Joint Light Tactical Vehicle
Since 1985, eleven different versions of the High Mobility, Multi–Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)
have been in service. The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is being developed by the Army and
the Marine Corps as a successor to the HMMWV. The Department of Defense (DoD) initiated the
JLTV program to replace its aging fleet of the HMMWV. The purpose of this essay is to determine if
the high cost of the JLTV should preclude it from replacing the HMMWV as outlined in the 2010
Tactical Wheeled Vehicle Strategy. Because of the cost, an inability to meet joint requirements and
the presence of feasible alternatives, the Department of Defense should not continue acquisition of
the JLTV. The first problem with the JLTV is the cost. Although, DOD ... Show more content on
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The HMMWV will remain a primary system for the duration of Operations Iraqi Freedom/
Enduring Freedom (OIF/ OEF). DSCC will continue the focus on procuring parts needed for
operational requirements and special maintenance programs that support the HMMWV. He also
notes that approximately 14 HMMWV RESET repair programs are currently ongoing to bring
deployed HMMWVs back to pre–combat operational capability (TM –10120 standards), "in order
to ensure worldwide troop readiness for expeditious re–deployment in current and future
operations." With this the Army has established a base price of $180,000 for each recapped
Humvee. Therefore, because we are already utilizing the Humvee, they do not have to be developed
and it cost less per Humvee to recap, it is more cost effective not to continue with the acquisition of
the JLTV. Another problem is the JLTV is already too heavy to meet joint requirements. The JLTV
program is a joint Army/Marine Corps effort to develop and produce three categories of vehicles
and associated trailers which are: Category A is intended for general purpose mobility and would
carry a 3,500 pound payload; Category B is

Clark Construction Essay
DC Real Estate Developers involved in government construction
Real estate development companies involved in government projects are usually screened heavily
before they sign any contract. Top DOC construction companies have to adhere to strict policies and
regulations set in place to ensure public safety, ensure constructed building do not become and
nuisance and to protect life and property. Besides new property development, these companies are
also tasked with undertaking property development, renovation of old buildings and building
maintenance. Some of the most trusted real estate development companies permitted to undertake
government projects in Washington DC include:
JBG Companies
JBG undertakes residential, retail, office and hotel projects in Washington DC and other parts of the
US. The company's management unit offers a host of services, including preconstruction ... Show
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Since its establishment, the company has managed to build over 10 million leasable sq ft of space
and over 3 million sq ft of space under pipeline. The high quality of workmanship that has become
part and parcel of the company's modus operandi has earned it numerous accolades including the
Downtown BID Citizen of the Year Award and the Mayor's Award for Excellence in Historic
Preservation among other awards.
Clark Construction
Clark Construction is undoubtedly one of the most experienced and respected civil construction
companies in the US. Over 100 plus years of its operation, Clark Construction has delivered
hundreds of government and commercial space from high rise buildings and mixed–use facilities
Class A corporate offices. Some of the projects that stand out from the company's extensive
construction portfolio include 1812 North Moore in Virginia, The Harris County Joint Processing
Center in Houston and US Coast Guard Headquarters in DC.
Frank Haney

Confusion Of Control And Control Of Operation Anaconda
Operation Anaconda was a joint operation. Even though it was a joint operation, this does not
necessarily mean cohesive. This is especially true of the air operations. Poorly executed joint
functions, primarily air operations, resulted in diminished close air support capabilities during
Operation Anaconda due to confusion of control of aviation assets, lack of proper communication
equipment, and available air coordination personnel were overwhelmed. Confusion of control of
Aviation Assets The first reason for the diminished capabilities was that there was confusion on who
had tactical control of some aviation assets. Without positive control of all available assets,
problems were inevitable. Task Force Dagger, the Special Operation Force element, was part of
Combined CJTF Mountain (CJTF), the overall command element. CJTF Mountain was not granted
Tactical Control (TACON) of TF Dagger though. This also means that TF Dagger retained control
of its aviation assets (Fleri, 2003). The aviation assets in question still assigned to TF Dagger were
the AC–130 gunships. These aircraft are one of the most capable close air support assets that is
available to the troops on the ground. This fixed wing aircraft is heavily armed. These armaments
include a 25mm Gatlin gun, 40mm Bofors cannon, and a 105mm howitzer cannon (af.mil, 2016).
This aircraft is one of the best close air support assets in the United States inventory. This also
makes this it a high demand asset in

General Key Capabilities By Service Component
The Joint Force of 2025 needs to be agile, technically superior, and contain the right balance of
ground, air, sea, and cyber capabilities. State, non–state actors and violent extremist groups (VEOs)
will challenge the United States Military's ability to meet this goal. The U.S Defense budget is under
increased scrutiny and susceptible to reductions in spending as political leaders desire to focus on
the economy vice wartime military spending. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan the past thirteen
years have resulted in significant increases in manpower, upgrades and modernization to equipment,
and deficit spending to support these operations. Thesis: This paper identifies several general key
capabilities by service component required to meet the many global threats that will face the Joint
Force of 2025. The correct balance of ground force structure and technological superiority in air,
sea, and cyber must occur. The global landscape contains threats to U.S. National Interests from
state and non–state actors. These threats are spread all over the globe and will require the U.S.
Military to strike over long distances need precision munitions, and offensive and defensive cyber
technology. It will be difficult to meet these challenges without changes in acquisition strategy,
reduction in headquarters staffs, and commitments from allies and partners. II. Background Current
global security trends indicate that a strong U.S. military presence will still be required to thwart

The Effect Of The On The And Value Of Signal Produced From...
6.1
The device which converts the physical stimulus into a more convenient form for the purpose of
measuring the stimulus is called a sensor.
6.2
Analog sensor: Analog sensor produces analog signal whose values varies in an analogous manner
such as electronic voltage.
Discrete sensor: Discrete sensor produces only certain values as output. It is categorized into two
types
1.) Binary, which produces on/off signal
2.) Digital, which produces a set of parallel status bits or series of pulses.
6.4
The relationship between the value of physical stimulus and value of signal produced is called the
transfer function of the sensor.
6.5
Actuator coverts the controller command signal into change in physical parameter. It is also referred
to as transducer as it converts one type of physical quantity into another type.
6.9
Two disadvantages of DC motors are
1.) The commutator and brushes used causes maintenance problems.
2.) The electrical power is alternating current but DC motors needs a rectifier to convert that into
direct current.
6.10
Conventional DC and AC motors works by continuous rotation according to the DC or AC power
source whereas the stepper motor rotates in step angles where step angle is the rotation in discrete
angular displacements. Electrical pulse is generated for each angular step.
6.13
A solenoid is referred to as an actuator which consists of a movable plunger inside stationary wire
coil. The coil acts as magnet when current is applied, pulls the plunger to the

Multiagency Coordination System Analysis
A system within a system is what comes to mind after reading this week's reading from the
textbook. "Multiagency Coordination Systems (MAC'S) is defined as a system of facilities,
equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications integrated into a common system that is
responsible for coordinating and supporting domestic incident management activities"
(Walsh,2012). It has been interesting reading the information because it relates so much to the
military. Because of that experience the information is relatable and exciting, that previous part of
life is missed and will always be a part of life for me. The Multiagency Coordination System is
located inside the Emergency Operations Center. It combines "the ICS Logistics, Planning, and
Finance/Administration ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a location that is used to arrange and relate all necessary information and is generally the
"control area". The Incident Command Post a major component of the NIMS (Wolf,2012) is located
within the EOC. It's primary focus tactical on–scene response can be used during small and large
situations. They are organized and have representation from all levels. These centers can be
temporary or permanent entities and will include a detail that fits the incident who have full
knowledge and certain skills. Also under the center are DOC'S Department Operations Center. This
area requires effective and reliable communication because of the type of information transmitted
through the center. The EOC will only be successful with the use" of mutual–aid agreements and
joint communications protocols among participating agencies" (Walsh,2012). An interesting factor
is that it has a Policy group that advises. This method comes in handy when making drastic
decisions, legal guidance is good to cover your tracks. In supply when you are not sure if it is
legally right to charger someone for signed equipment you consult with the legal aid to see if you
are headed in the right direction. "Director of Emergency Management is the person in charge in
local and state levels. This is the room one would want to be in, all the officials are in the Center.
Space is something that is a delicate situation because it must be able to accommodate five various
groups. The primary functions of the EOC are resource support for incidents and management. It
has several task that it must take care of so task so board is displayed to show current updates.
Tracking all availabilities with things such as "Shelter Status, Equipment Status and EOC staffing
charts" (Walsh, 2012). The "Interoperability in the EOC" section defined a word used in the system
as interoperability "the ability of

Operation HUSKY
The Anglo–American invasion of Sicily in July 1943 was to date the biggest amphibious operation
conducted in World War II. Operation HUSKY involved the U.S. 7th Army and the British 8th
Army to make up the 15th Army Group. This was Anglo–American forces' second problematic
attempt to implement Eisenhower's unyielding vision that the only way to conquer the Germans,
"would be won by the Americans and Britons fighting together." Although a moderate success,
Operation HUSKY exposed serious issues including imperfections in dealing with mission
command and the integration of Joint Forces at the operational level of war, which severely crippled
the overall effectiveness of Operation HUSKY. This essay will evaluate coalition warfare and the
chaos alliances partake on command–and–control due to cultural dissimilarities, trust issues,
understanding concepts, and doctrinal differences; however, commander's diplomacy and building
alliances ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In actuality, there was no logic or rationale in attacking Sicily and the planning did not fall within
any context of leading to an overarching strategic objective. The British preferred peripheral attacks
on the soft underbelly of the Axis Forces moreover, were the foundation in establishing limited
objectives for Operation HUSKY. Secure lines of communications, divert German aggression to the
west, and force Italy to drop out of the war. However, the Americans felt the invasion of Sicily, was
a waste of valuable time, assets, and only delayed the cross channel invasion of Germany. The
Americans wanted an immediate cross channel crossing in Northwest France to, "hit the Axis
powers head on." This division among the Allies led to disagreement and tension, which
compromised the concepts of mission command

Operation Osoavikhim Case Study
On the other side, Operation Osoavikhim was a Soviet operation, which took place on October
22nd, 1946. The soviet secret police NKVD and Soviet Army units recruited about two thousands of
Nazi military technicians and technical specialists from their occupied zone of Germany to work in
The Soviet Union. Part of the plan was to move these technologies and materials were to relocate
research and production centers, such as Mittelwerk's V–2 rocket production plant from Germany to
the Soviet Union. This collaboration was not strange since Nazis and Soviets had already
collaborated closely before, not only during the invasion to Poland, but also during the four joint
conferences of the Gestapo and NKVD.
The Operation Paperclip was organized by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it also had detractors, there were people who believed that some of the scientists who had
been imported into the United States were accomplices or had directly participated in crimes that
made them unfit for US residence and citizenship. For example, it was said that von Braun himself
must have been aware that thousands of forced laborers had been killed in the underground factory
at Nördhausen where the V–2 rockets were being built. Another example was that of the scientist
Georg Rickhey, who was transferred to the United States in the framework of Operation Paperclip
and indicted for war crimes in 1947. He was curiously acquitted and returned to the US, to continue
with his work for the government. Finally, the case of Hubertus Strughold, related through written
tests with the terrible medical experiments of the Concentration Camp of Dachau, never faced
charges. In despite of all these critiques, they were not sanctioned or taken away from their jobs to
face justice, on the contrary they were awarded with responsibilities, for example, in 1960, the
Rocket Development Center was transferred from the Army to NASA and there they were entrusted
with the construction of the gigantic Saturn rockets. Von Braun became the director of NASA's
Marshall Space Flight Center and the main designer of Saturn V, which during the years 1969 and
1972 would take Americans to the Moon. This accomplishment made him worthy of the American
indulgency and

The Us Army 's Doctrine
The US Army's Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 5–0 provides a comprehensive overview of
how the Army plans operations, expanding upon its doctrine publication (ADP) 5–0, The Operations
Process. This and other doctrine materials are produced by the Army's Combined Arms Doctrine
Directorate, United States Army Combined Arms Center (CAC) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Most
famously, then CAC Commander Lt. General David Petraeus, before his later ignominious downfall
as Director of CIA, spearheaded the production in 2006 of Army Field Manual FM 3–24,
Counterinsurgency. Ft. Leavenworth is also home to the Army's Command and General Staff
Officer's Course (CGSOC) (the basics of Army planning methodology), the School of Advanced
Military ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within Design, planners will 1) frame the Environment by analyzing the current state and the
desired end state, 2) frame the problem by determining obstacles in the way to achieving the desired
end state, 3) develop an operational approach, and 4) produce a plan.
MDMP is an "iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a
course of action, and produce an operational plan or order". MDMP consists of Mission analysis,
course of action (COA) development, COA analysis (War Gaming), COA Comparison, COA
approval and order/plan drafting. According to ADRP 5–0, a Commander may choose to pursue
design methodologies in parallel with MDMP, before MDMP, or indeed after. The sequencing of
these planning activities is Commander/leadership–dependent and ADRP 5–0, for a doctrinal
publication, is replete with mentions of flexibility, adaptability, and critical and creative thinking;
these attributes and capabilities being required for the effective Commander and planning staff.
A key, and at times controversial, element within operational art is the concept of a center of gravity
(COG). As Crumpton pointed out with regard to early CIA/US mil efforts in Afghanistan following
9/11, the accurate identification of the center of gravity (in that case in the psyches of Taliban
leadership) and skillful

The United States Marine Corps
Introduction
While a commander's staff conducts planning at any level, whether it is strategic, operational, or
tactical, the importance of identifying both theirs and the adversary's center of gravity (COG) is a
critical part of the planning process. Three factors should be carefully analyzed in order to gain a
full understanding of the COG; they are critical capabilities, critical requirements and critical
vulnerabilities (U.S. Office of the CJCS 11 August 2011, III–24). Although a COG can be attacked
directly, the indirect approach which seeks to destroy or neutralize the COG by attacking an
adversary's critical vulnerabilities can be a more efficient use of available resources. The United
States Marine Corps' Warfighting publication MCDP 1 draws a direct correlation between a COG
and its critical vulnerability by stating, "we should focus our efforts against a critical vulnerability, a
vulnerability that, if exploited, will do the most significant damage to the enemy 's ability to resist
us" (United States Marine Corps 1997, 47). The Marine Corps favors the indirect approach to
defeating an adversary's COG because the functions assigned to them by the Department of Defense
(DoD) require expeditionary operations and expeditionary forces typically are limited in size, assets,
and resources driving them to target an adversary's critical vulnerabilities.
Functions of the United States Marine Corps
The functions of the United States Marine Corps as listed in the DoD

1982 Falkland Conflict
BACKGROUND The Falklands conflict began on Friday, 02 April 1982, when roughly 500
Argentinean special forces landed at Mullet Creek on East Falkland Island. Under Operation
Rosario, Argentina advanced on the Government House at Port Stanley against an unorganized
garrison of British Royal Marines stationed on the island. Little opposition was encountered and the
Argentinean Junta quickly assumed control. On the same day, Brigadier General Mario Menendez
was appointed governor of the islands and Port Stanley was immediately renamed Puerto Argentino.
Argentina expected at this point that the British would cede sovereignty over the islands through
negotiations and with little or no armed conflict. Argentina had been claiming the ... Show more
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COMMAND AND CONTROL A professional military staff organized in a complicated command
arrangement led the Argentinean Junta combat operation. In addition, they commanded a poorly
trained and inexperienced combatant force. A theater command, the South Atlantic Theater of
Operations (TAOS), was established under Vice Admiral Juan Lombardo to command Argentine
naval units and the Falklands garrison. Subordinate to Admiral Lombardo, Brigadier General
Benjamin Menendez commanded all Argentine army, air force, and navy units. The Fuerza Aerea
Sur (FAS), or Southern Air Force, was established under the command of the air force Brigadier
General Ernesto Horacio Crespo. The FAS was outside the authority of the theater commander and
reported directly to the Argentine Junta. The command structure, lacking a sole theater commander
over all forces in the Area of Operations (AO), proved ineffective at strategic planning and joint
operations. In a 1994 article in Joint Forces Quarterly, Robert L. Scheina, stated the following:
"Jointness existed at the operational and tactical levels within the Argentine armed forces during the
Malvinas conflict, but did not exist either strategically or doctrinally." Brigadier General Ernesto
Horacio Crespo and Army General Benjamin Rattenbach led two separate studies reviewing
Argentina's command performance during the

Joint Tactical Radio Systems
Tactical Radio Systems: The Joint Tactical Radio Systems can be described as inexpensive radio
systems that are software programmable and offer reliable, secure, data, multi–channel voice, and
video communications for mobile users in the military. The tactical radio systems provide an all–
inclusive, safe, and multi–channel mobile communications network ability for ground vehicles. The
deliver communications networking capabilities that enable the transfer of several megabits of data
per second on moving ground vehicles at the tactical edge. Consequently, the systems places total
power and control of the Global Information Grid into the warfighters and take the situational
awareness of network beyond the center for tactical operations (Simonsen, 2011). Due to its huge
impact, the tactical radio systems have been touted as the next generation radio for voice and data
services that will be used by the United States military in their field operations after 2010. The
reason for this consideration is the fact that the systems will work with most of the current military
and civilian radios because they incorporate integrated encryption and networking software that
facilitate the development of mobile ad hoc networks. These systems have been developed on the
software communications architecture, which is a framework that provides information to designers
on how software and hardware can function in harmony. One of the main advantages of this
framework is that it manages the

Air Transportation Framework ( Nextgen )
Benita Cabrera
Air Transportation Framework (NextGen) are to fundamentally expand the wellbeing, security, and
limit of US air transportation operations. The eight key capacities regarded necessary to accomplish
those objectives (JPDO, 2007a) will convey significant changes to the flight deck. Including Web–
like data administrations, access through them to a typical climate picture, incorporation of climate
data into flight deck main console unit. The arrangement for the four–dimensional airplane direction
is for proportional visual operations in low permeability conditions, assigned self–partition,
hardware, and techniques for high–density landing and flight operations.
Plans for NextGen improvement are driven to a great extent by ... Show more content on
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At this time there are no plans to distinguish flight deck human variables issues, and that these
matters have emerged from the NextGen components.
The previous two decades have seen an extensive debate about the wellbeing of flight deck
mechanization and numerous human elements issues have raised (e.g., Wiener, 1989). Funk and his
partners (1999) attempted an extensive audit of airplane robotization inquire about, described
episode reports, occurrence report studies, and airplane mishap reports, and studied pilots and
aviation specialists to build up a thorough rundown of flight deck mechanization issues. For every
issue so distinguished, they ordered confirmation from their sources to bolster the statement that it
represented a wellbeing issue, and they performed meta–investigations to organize the issues for
further research. The discoveries and supporting information are accessible on a site (RII, 2007).
The greater part of the flight deck mechanization problems is to figure out which conceivably apply
to the NextGen flight deck.
For instants, flight deck automation issue 103 is "It may be difficult for pilots to decide what levels
of automation are appropriate in specific circumstances, possibly increasing pilot workload."
Although human factors research and design said in JPDO documentation, it is not clear how it is
done. NextGen organizers need to address these problems. It would worry some that human–
focused plan won 't

Surgical Site Infection
Surgical Site Infection
In the United States surgical site infections is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
hospital acquired infections. Surgical site infections are just one type of hospital acquired infections
(HAIs) but I believe they are one of the most preventable. A surgical site infection is an infection of
a wound that occurs after an invasive surgical procedure. It can take days before the patient even
shows signs or symptoms of an infection. "Infection develops when the number and activity of
bacteria in the wound overwhelm the patient's immune system, resulting in tissue breakdown and
delayed healing" (Gould, D. 2012). This paper will begin by describing exactly what surgical site
infections are and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is impossible to completely prevent surgical site infection because there are many risk factors that
are uncontrollable. For example one risk factor is being in surgery for more than two hours. There
are many times that a patient has to be in surgery for longer than two hours; in time like these all
medical staff can do is catch surgical site early to reduce complications. Many times the infection
occurs because of micro–organisms that are on either the surgical team or surgical instruments.
Carefully monitoring the patient after surgery while still in the hospital and frequently having them
come for check–ups once they are discharged are some ways to help prevent SSIs. The earlier SSI is
detected the better it is for the patient and physician since there are many legal implications related
to surgical site infections. Surgical site infections are not just a problem for the patients; they have
legal implications that affect both the physicians and the organization. In the United States there are
twenty–seven states that have enacted laws that require hospitals and healthcare facilities to report
data related to hospital acquired infections. The Center of Disease Control National Healthcare
Safety is the only national system designed for the collection of hospital

Critical Functions Of Joint Operations
Joint operations have certain critical functions that help utilize all the tools necessary to operate and
fight jointly. Use of joint operations and joint functions is imperative at operational and strategic
levels of military operations. During all joint missions, Joint Operations Planning Process (JOPP)
and Joint Intelligence Planning of the Operating Environment (JIPOE) are critical. Each function
within JOPP and each step within JIPOE help the commander make critical decisions. These
decisions eliminate confusion and assist subordinate commanders in their mission planning. It also
ensures all elements are aware of each other, their mission as well as the overall mission and the
commander's intent.
Joint Special Operations Task Force (JSOTF) Dagger originally developed the mission to rid Shah–
i–Kot Valley of Al Qaeda and Taliban forces by using Afghan forces as the main element with
preparatory air attacks and Close Air Support (CAS). Within a week, it became a joint operation
with Task Force (TF) Mountain is taking the lead, becoming Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF)
Mountain. This joint force consists of elements of the 10th Mountain Division, 101st Airborne
Division, U.S. SOF, Australian SOF, U.S. Marines, plus local militias.
On 13 February, CJTF Mountain moves from Uzbekistan to Bagram. This move plus the fact that
CJTF Mountain was only a portion of the necessary staff caused several issues that would plague
the operation. The operation is due to begin six

The Overall Business For The U.s. Army
The overall business for the U.S. army is simply to fight and win the nations wars by using a full
range of operational tactics. One domain which the Army relies upon is cyber. Without the ability to
communicate across boarder and into dark areas of the world, the U.S. armed forces, to include the
U.S. Army would be hard pressed when devising plans to win. However, to remain the superpower
the world looks to during times of strife, organizations such as the Army must define the
technological edge, and ensure the organization keeps upholds that standard. To fulfill the
requirements associated with defining the edge, decision makers must remain aware of change.
Unfortunately change happens, and requires a reevaluation to ensure the organization has not, or
will not become stagnant. If events were to occur, the organization would no longer be able to
define what it is to be on the edge of technology. Moreover, the organization could also easily find
itself in a situation where it is hard pressed to devise the plans required to win. Fortunately, the U.S.
Army, in conjunction with the Department of Defense, have devised plans to ensure the United
States' leadership role is unchallenged. When implemented the Joint Information Environment will
be able to support combatant commanders, with the ability access relevant information quickly,
through a shared infrastructure which host integrated application systems (Joint Chief of Staff,
2013). The ability to share data across

Three Key Capabilities Of The United States Air Force
The world has been reached almost to the space age, but how we behave as a human being is not
contemporary enough that the time requires. Terrorist trends, countries' hostile behaviors have been
caused the world in a worse environment. It is so important as a nation to be able protect himself
against all of those threats. You cannot resist such complex issues. You will need to embody a strong
company to be able successful. The United States Air Force is very reliable and efficient tool against
such threats. He has very vulnerable and unique capabilities to be successful, and also issues related
those abilities. In my paper, I will write about three key capabilities of The United States Air Force;
Global Attack, Precision Engagement, Information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ability of the Air Force to engage globally, using both lethal and non–lethal means, is vital to
today's national security strategy of Engagement and Enlargement. At present, almost a quarter of
Air Force personnel are deployed overseas at any one time. That is a very difficult effort to
maintain. You must be decisive to sustain that mission as a nation. So you have to do your job very
well. We can give as an example of Desert Storm and Operation Iraq Freedom. In these operations
USAF served very well and accomplished so vital missions. Getting air superiority, close air support
to ground troops, communication control, and reconnaissance were the duties of USAF. USAF has a
precise technology to achieve war goals. PGM bombs and intelligent capability also gave
opportunity to hit time sensitive targets. So with less collateral damage objectives could be
achieved. To be able catch that mission objective airpower is the most appropriate tool; fast, flexible
and maneuverable. Those operations were extremely complicated and large–scale experiences.
Rapid power maneuvers, air superiority requirement and planning framework as a global power
complexity were tested in those operations. Strategic Airlift, Theater Airlift, Air Refueling, Air
Force Combat Aircrafts, Special

The Case Study of Holt Renfrew
Holt Renfrew Case
Analysis:Nausherwan Saleem (11020035)
Rukunuddin Aslam (11020163)
Case Summary:
1) Company Profile:
a. High–end retailer in Canada with ten stores in seven Canadian cities
b. Sells top quality, branded and private–label designer fashions as well as cosmetics
c. Owned by the Wittington Group headed by Galen Weston
d. Peak sales occurred in March/April, July/August and November/December
e. Publicity campaigns used throughout the year for promotional purposes
f. 21,500 orders a year at the company's flagship store on Bloor Street, Toronto
g. 1000 suppliers approximately used in a year out of a total of 3000
h.500,000 SKUs out of which 50% were active at any given time
i. New introductions accounted for 40 to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was a very poor and time–consuming process as the staff mostly spent time on the phone
confirming and adjusting their orders with suppliers. ii. The store managers would also constantly
call to check on the delivery status of merchandise, as a result of which the staff had to follow up the
orders with suppliers and transportation service providers.
b. Inventory control
i. Both of the warehouses were running on full capacity, which increased the cost of managing
inventory for Holt Renfrew. ii. The inventory was scattered all over the warehouses, making it very
difficult to find at times.
c. Inventory processing
i. With regards to suppliers delivering goods, they simply sent the goods without any prior
notification. This led to a variable rate of arrival of stock in the ware houses. ii. There was also no
information that Holt Renfrew received about whether the merchandise shipped by the suppliers
was of the right quality or quantity. iii. Processing merchandise while leaving and entering the
warehouses was In itself a very inefficient and unfruitful task because of the bad state of inventory
management in the warehouse. This contributed to frequent stock outs in the stores because of the
lack of proper inventory processing.
4) Proposed Solutions
a. Long term:
i. Firstly, in order to improve the operating efficiency of Holt Renfrew and its partners in the long
term, a collaborative arrangement needs to be formed to leverage strategic

Hybrid Threat Essay
The Hybrid Threat and its Characteristics A hybrid threat is, according to TC 7–100, ?the diverse
and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, and/or criminal elements all unified to
achieve mutually benefitting effects.?[footnoteRef:1] This essay will address three of the four major
characteristics of a hybrid threat. A hybrid threat comes in different forms, but they almost always
employ some combination of regular forces, irregular forces, and criminal elements simultaneously,
employ an ever–changing variety of equipment and tactics, and acquire or refine their ability to
adapt[footnoteRef:2]. [1: Department of the Army, Hybrid Threat (Washington: United States Army
Publishing Directorate, 2010), 1–1.] [2: Ibid., 1–1?1–3.] ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This ability to adapt to current conditions, both politically and militarily, is absolutely necessary for
any force to be able to claim victory. Again, we turn to the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah as
a good case study. As suggested by Cordesman, Hezbollah benefits from the quality of Iranian
training and doctrine for its ability to adapt. He points out that ?Hezbollah is probably better trained
and more ready than most guerrilla forces,?[footnoteRef:9] which could be directly resultant from
its multiple battles with Israel. Hezbollah continues to grow stronger with every conflict,
[footnoteRef:10] refining its ability to adapt. [9: Anthony H. Cordesman, Preliminary ?Lessons? of
the Israeli–Hezbollah War (Washington: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2006), 29.]
[10: Hala Jaber, Hezbollah: Born with a Vengeance (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997),

The Role of the Responder: ING Direct Canada
Case Report
ING DIRECT CANADA
Role of the Responder: Basil Bell, Vice–President Operations, ING Direct Canada
Executive Summary
ING Direct Canada is facing back office capacity problems in handling new and existing accounts
because of a successful direct mail campaign by the marketing department. Providing same day
processing of new and existing accounts has become challenging for the operations department.
This is resulting in cost overruns with increased overtime hours and errors for the employees. The
main issues affecting the company are mailing room capacity shortages, variability in daily mail
volume and budget, space and headcount constraints. The division with its current available options
can improve the existing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ts –
New Single Accounts – 30% of mail – 1.75 person hours per batch of 50 New Joint Accounts – 40%
of mail – 2.5 person hours per batch of 50 Single accounts with CIfing already done – 10% of mail
– 1.40 person hours per batch of 50 Joint Accounts with CIfing already done – 20% of mail – 1.75
person hours per batch of 50 Time Spent on Posting Cheques –
New Accounts – 1.25 person hours per batch of 50
Existing Accounts – .625 person hours per batch of 50
Assuming 2000 mail pieces received on March 15, 2000 due to success of marketing campaigns
with 700 mail pieces with new account information on a daily basis Time Spent on Mail Extraction
– 20 Batches X 50 minutes – 16.7 Hours approximately Time Spent on Sorting and Checking – 167
mail pieces/person hour New Clients – 700 applicants– takes 4.19 person hours
Existing Clients – 1300 applicants – 7.78 person hours
Time Spent on Scanning and Encoding Cheques – Batch of 40 X7.5/min – 5 Hours Time Spent on
CIfing Accounts –
New Single Accounts – 210 Applications – 4.2 Batches X 1.75 = 7.35 person hours New Joint
Accounts – 280 Applicants – 5.6 Batches X 2.5 = 14 person hours Single Accounts with CIfing
already done – 200 applicants – 5 Batches X 1.4 = 7 person hours Joint Accounts with CIfing
already done – 400 applicants – 8 Batches X1.75 = 14 person hours Time Spent on Posting Cheques
–

New Accounts – 700 applicants – 14 Batches X 1.25 = 17.5 person hours Existing Accounts – 1300
applicants – 26

Conduct Forcible Entry Operations During The Korean War Essay
The current amphibious concepts and capabilities of the US ensure that we are better prepared to
conduct forcible entry operations than we were during the landing at Inchon, and subsequent
liberation of Seoul. Amphibious concepts, such as seabasing, amphibious command and control
(C2), and the Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) allow forces to project power across domains.
Proof of concept exercises like Bold Alligator continue to refine our amphibious capability to
provide flexible, scalable, responsive forces that can conduct a multitude of missions. Inchon,
during the Korean War, highlights the benefit of maneuver warfare and joint operations. However,
security operations, intelligence, and speed were deficient during Operation CHROMITE. World
War II demonstrated a lack of preparedness to conduct amphibious operations in the Pacific by the
US and Great Britain. The Pacific Campaign and Inchon prove the need to maintain a professional
amphibious force and the importance of concepts like seabasing, C2, and the ESG in amphibious
operations. Applying the concepts of seabasing, C2, and the ESG in joint exercises with platforms
such as Maritime Prepositioning Force, multipurpose amphibious assault ships (LHD), Landing
Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), AV–8B Vertical/Short Take–Off and Landing (VSTOL) jets, and MV–
22 tilt rotor aircraft ensure that we are better prepared to conduct forcible entry operations than we
were during the landing at Inchon, and subsequent liberation of Seoul.

Benefits Of Live And Virtual Domains Enhances Training
"Air Force units and personnel need to train in a complex tactical, operational, and strategic level
environment, under all likely threat and weather conditions, emulating potential contingency
locations world–wide, while integrating with composite, joint, and coalition partners."XX
Combining the unique benefits of live and virtual domains enhances training by increasing
opportunities to train with joint and multinational partners, enabling realistic combat scenarios, and
ensuring interoperability of systems. While live training exercises are limited by the number of
players available, through distributed LVC–OT more players can be brought into training scenarios.
This expanded access to training events allows for a realistic blue force laydown for readiness
training that supports specific theater campaign plans and named operations. Rather than relying on
costly just–in–time live mission rehearsals, joint and combined forces tied together in a
continuously available virtual battle space can regularly rehearse and hone TTPs prior to deploying.
Additionally, realistic models and simulations more accurately represent red forces, in capability
and numbers, to challenge blue force training objectives and modern weapon systems capabilities.
[INSERT EXAMPLE RF or VF] This capability is critical as the Air Force prepares for the
challenges of full spectrum combat versus near–peers in contested environment.
Furthermore, by training with partners, not only TTPs, but can ensure

Essay on Running Estimates and the Battle of Wanat
Running Estimates
Battle of Wanat
On July 13, 2008, Taliban fighters launched a major assault on a small U.S. Army outpost in
Afghanistan, killing nine soldiers and wounding 27. The story of Wanat is more then just one small
group of commanders' mistakes; it is a window into how the war in Afghanistan went awry and how
we can learn from these mistakes to better future missions and future leaders.
Combat Outpost Kahler was a small, remote outpost in northeast Afghanistan adjacent to the village
of Wanat in the Nuristan Province, manned by 48 U.S soldiers and 24 Afghanistan National Army
soldiers and their three U.S Marine Corp advisors. It was attacked on July 13, 2008 by a
significantly larger number of Taliban insurgent forces that used ... Show more content on
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The site selected for the combat outpost at Wanat was adjacent to the village's houses, mosque,
bazaar, and hotel, and was near the local District Center and Afghan National police station. The site
selected was on a plateau where two valleys met and was surrounded by mountains and low ground,
resulting in extensive dead space an area that cannot be visually observed around the position. The
Battalion's plan to realign within the Wygal Valley and establish a combat outpost at Wanat was a
two–part operation called Operation Rock Move. The Concept of Operations covered a 3–day
period from July 8–10, 2008, and addressed the simultaneous disestablishment of combat outpost
Bella and the initial movement to and occupation of the site at Wanat, and included those assets
external to the Battalion required to conduct the operation. The Battalion wanted to disestablish
combat outpost Bella because Bella could only be reinforced/resupplied by air and was not
associated with any local governance, Afghan National Security Forces, or population center.
Characteristics of AO.
The Waigal Valley and particularly the location of the Wanat Vehicle Patrol Base (VPB) was in
sharp, rugged terrain. Therefore, location of any kind of combat outpost was dangerous to the
viewpoint of force

What Is America's Theory Of War?
The American theories of war and warfare trace their roots to 19th century European military
thought, but are constantly evolving due to the influence of political, technological and social
dynamics specific to the American experience. Because of this constant change, the definition of
operational art does not infer a specific theory of war or warfare. Rather it provides a cognitive
approach for translating ever–changing theories into practice in a complex and dynamic operational
environment. By understanding the evolution of the American theories of war and warfare, the value
of the current flexible approach to operational art becomes apparent.
A nation's theory of war describes its view of the phenomenon of war. The basic theory of war
ascribed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their work reflects the primacy of the army in war. Due to the need for Americans to defend
coastlines, protect commercial shipping, secure the interior, and ultimately project power, the
American theory of warfare has evolved. In the 20th Century, the American theory of warfare
developed a greater recognition of the interdependencies between the branches of service. Based on
these dependencies, in 1946 President Harry Truman established the first unified commands. The
unified commands permanently changed the role the Army from an operational force to a force
provider. This change subordinated the Army's theory of warfare to a higher–order joint theory of
warfare. The evolution, however, did not stop there, as changes in the operational environment have
forced the evolution of the theory of warfare beyond the military

Comparing The National Intelligence Program
Question #1 – Describe two process differences between the National Intelligence Program (NIP)
and the Military Intelligence Program (MIP). Which budget funds the General Defense Intelligence
Program (GDIP)? Briefly describe the DNI's budget "hammer" over the IC.
The intelligence budget is comprised of the NIP and the MIP funding. The NIP is made up of
programs that support across agencies or are nondefense related and covers the programs, projects,
and activities of the intelligence community oriented towards the strategic needs of decision makers
(e.g., National Counterterrorism Program, Consolidated Cryptographic Program, National
Geospatial Intelligence Program, INR, etc.). The MIP funds defense intelligence activities and
intended to support tactical military operations and priorities (e.g., Air Force, Army Navy, Marine,
Special Operations, and other defense related programs). The GDIP is funded by the NIP budget.
Two process differences between the NIP and MIP include:
1.) NIP and MIP funds are managed differently. NIP funds are separated from other budgets and
cannot be traded between agencies. However, NIP funds are not fenced within their respective
agencies or military services. MIP money can be used for non–intelligence requirements if
necessary. A majority of MIP funds reside within non–intelligence DoD entities and must be
defended against other programs (weapon systems, technologies, personnel, training, etc). NIP
money are safely located within

Mississippi Essay
Mississippi is a strategic location for the defense industry and military operations. Mississippi has
had a presence in the defense industry since World War I, and has kept its heavy pro–military
presence in the state since. Mississippi provides the defense industry with various military testing,
training, and weapon manufacturing. Ingalls Shipyard, Camp Shelby, and Stennis Space Center are
just a sample of what Mississippi has to offer.
After the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I in 1957, President John F. Kennedy's responded to
congress by stating, "this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out,
of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth." At the time, Mississippi's senator
John ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1926, Mayor Hugh White of Columbia had a desire to bring industry and jobs to Mississippi
during a time of poverty for the state. He went to Chicago and made a deal with a men's clothing
manufacture, Reliance Manufacturing, to bring a plant to the state. The partnership between
Reliance and Columbia fulfilled White's vision of "Balancing Agriculture with Industry". Due to
White's leadership, in 1936, the Industrial Act of 1936 was legislated and allowed local
communities to propose to build manufacture plants before the Balancing Agriculture with Industry
Board. From 1936 to 1940, twelve manufactures were established around the state with the most
important one being Ingalls Shipyard.
Ingalls Shipyard was founded in 1938, and is now today the largest producer of ships for the U.S.
Navy. After World War II, Ingalls further advanced its production of navy combat vessels. In 1956,
Ingalls built two Sherman–class destroyers for the United States Navy fully equipped with 5–inch
guns, three antiaircraft guns, and one set of torpedo tubes. Ingalls was the first shipyard to construct
ships equipped with the Aegis Combat System and to refit ships with vertical launching system. In
2001, Ingalls built the USS Iwo Jima which was the first ship to be designed and constructed as an
amphibious assault ship. Today, Ingalls is commonly referred to as the "shipyard of the

The Success Of A Financial Center
In 1943 lawmakers had the idea of making world peace through trade and economic agreements.
These towers were essentially a beam of light for the future of an uncertain New York economy.
Although the idea of a financial center was conceived in the early 40s, Nelson and David
Rockefeller didn't pursue it until the early 1960s. The brothers sought a financial capital that
companies around the world could trade and reach economic agreements through, as the name
implied. This building would house banking, financial, insurance, transportation, and import and
export companies, along with economic representatives of various foreign countries. The two
brothers would continue to push for the project in the early 1960s, claiming that the project ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At peak of construction, 3,500 workers were working on the buildings at once. A total of $900
million (roughly $5 billion to $6 billion today) were spent on the World Trade Center from 1968 to
1973 (Johnson). From its conception all the way to it's destruction in 2001, the World Trade Center
served as what it originally sought to do: serve as the economic centerpiece of the world. A decade
after its construction, World Trade Center revenues had jumped to $204 million with demand for
occupant space rising. Smaller businesses were being pushed out for bigger clients, eventually
taking over entirely. Over 50,000 employees in 500 various businesses worked in the World Trade
Center, not limited to banks, law firms, charities, and airlines (Harris). Tourism was also a
fundamental part of the World Trade Center, with observation decks, stores, and restaurants located
at the top of the towers. Of course, success doesn't come with opposition. The World Trade Center
was later a target for terrorist and extremist activity. In 1993 a truck loaded with 1200lbs of
explosives was detonated in the parking lot underneath. The entire building was evacuated and this
is considered as one of the first sightings of terrorism on American soil. Religious extremists,
claiming that they were avenging their Palestinian brothers, masterminded this specific bombing.
Before the bombing letters with demands were sent out to media outlets by the culprits, calling for
the United

Rfk Command
The intent of this brief analysis is to consider whether "command" as described by Italian General
Giulio Douhet and British military historian and theorist Sir Julian Stafford Corbett can be applied
to the space domain. The original air domain commanded by the Air Force has evolved to include
space and cyberspace domains. Space domain includes, "...precise position, navigation and timing
(PNT); communications; weather data; missile warning; and intelligence, surveillance, and
reconnaissance (ISR)."1 Clearly, within the space domain lies command of communications for all
military domains (land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace). In fact, vulnerabilities in the space domain
could weaken the American people by interrupting basic daily needs ... Show more content on
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Sir Corbett's aim was control of the sea by interrupting via interceptions and/or naval blockade.9
Without shipping communications and the normal flow of commerce, the enemy is forced into an
ill–prepared response. Again, interruption of communications in space could be an effective tool
against the enemy. However, one would need to be careful not to disrupt their own communication
with the global connectivity that has happened through space domain technology

An Abstract on the Hubble Telescope
A Brief Examination of the Hubble Telescope
Abstract
The Hubble Telescope is a piece of technology that has affected human history. This paper will offer
concise description of the telescopes history, function, and contribution to society. The Hubble
Telescope is due to land within the next decade, approximately. We can only imagine what scientists
will discover once the telescope is back on Earth and they prepare for the next generation of
telescopic, deep–space gathering. Technology has made vast gains since 1990, the year the Hubble
Telescope launched. The paper will be a brief, yet comprehensive discussion of the Hubble
Telescope.
Keywords: Hubble Telescope, Edwin Hubble, Goddard Space Flight Center, astronomy,
astrophysics, telescope, photography
A Brief Examination of the Hubble Telescope The Hubble Telescope, named after astronomer
Edwin Hubble, has been in orbit over Earth for over thirty years. The telescoped launched in 1990.
The Hubble Telescope produces some of the most iconic and captivating images of the universe in
western culture. The reader can imagine how the images from the Hubble Telescope influence
studies and research in astronomy, astrophysics, physics, chemistry, and a number of other
disciplines including philosophies, fine arts, mathematics, and theories of behavior, not to mention,
science fiction television, graphic novels, and other forms of media and entertainment. This paper
will provide a concise history of the Hubble Telescope

Joint Force Operation Center Exercise
During a major exercise in preparation for an upcoming deployment, I was tasked to lead the Joint
Task Force Operation Center. The exercise requires the integration of many parties who are not part
of the same countries (or even a team). As the facilitator, I knew I had to go about this by wearing
my creative worker hat to make this a successful exercises. Therefore, being the person that will
bring this all together, I knew I must exercise leadership in a highly ambiguous context. The
exercise did not have no clear yardstick for how the mission should perform and there are were no
clear rules for who gets to control the output. With that being said, I became that effective leader by
creating a share purpose in these ambiguous circumstances

Operation Anaconda Joint Planning Failure
Joint Planning Failures of Operation Anaconda In January 2002, intelligence began reporting on a
heavy concentration of Taliban and al Qaeda forces in and around the Shahikot Valley area of
Afghanistan. With the intelligence available and experience to date, the U.S. Coalition Forces began
planning Operation Anaconda. The end state of U.S. officials was to drive all enemy forces out of
their strongholds within the valley, allowing coalition forces to capture or kill the enemy (2003).
Even though the original plan of three–days stretched into a seventeen–day battle and resistance was
much greater than expected, military officials hailed Operation Anaconda as a success (Andres,
2007). Although the overall mission hailed as a success an examination of the Army's joint planning
process exposed multiple shortfalls in the areas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Generals Franks and Mikolashek made the decision to deploy the staff of the Army's 10th Mountain
Division under the command of MG Hagenbeck to Bagram Air Base (2007). In an attempt to fix,
joint planning problems CENTOM designated the 10th Mountain as Coalition and Joint Task Force
(CJTF) Mountain; CJTF Mountain took command of a large portion of the ground forces. However,
CJTF Mountain did not receive tactical control (TACON) over supporting U.S elements or Afghan
forces to be involved in the operation. Aviation elements supporting the area of operation remained
under control of CFACC and special operations forces remained under the command of COL
Mulholland at Task Force Dagger. Further complicating the Special Forces chain of command, Delta
Force, the Navy Seals, Air Force special operations aircraft, and supporting personnel took direction
from Air Force BG Trebon at Task Force 11, located at Joint Special Operations Command in Fort
Bragg North Carolina

Case Study Of Volga Dnepr : A Heavy Lift Cargo Airline
Volga–Dnepr: A Heavy–Lift Cargo Airline
History/Background
As the air cargo industry grew after World War II, the need for large cargo aircraft increased
worldwide. Items such as military tanks, aircraft engines, space station sections, satellites, factory
power plants, and large construction equipment needed to be transported from manufacturing plants
or job sites to locations around the world. This type of cargo, also known as oversized, outsized, or
heavy–lift cargo, did not fit in conventional aircraft. Several major aviation manufacturers in the
United States (U.S.) and in Europe recognized the need for special, large transport aircraft and
began producing special air freighters to meet the needs of this special market.
During this time, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), also known as the Soviet Union
or Russia, and the U.S. were in the middle of the Cold War and shipping embargos and trade
restrictions were in place against the USSR. The Russians also had need of heavy–lift air transport
and began developing their own specialty aircraft. At first, these aircraft were intended for moving
heavy military equipment such as tanks to the battle field. Later, they were used to transport rockets
and space shuttles for the Space Race, and now, they are used for both military and commercial
transportation of oversized cargo. Since the end of the Cold War in 1989, one company has emerged
as the Russian leader for heavy–lift aircraft; this company is the

Air Superiority In The Military
Introduction (1/2) Air superiority is the single most important factor in deciding the outcome of a
modern conventional war. Military operations on land, sea, or in the air are extremely difficult, if
not impossible, for the side that doesn't control the sky. In the words of Field Marshal Bernard L.
Montgomery, "If we lose the war in the air, we lose the war and we lose it quickly." (supremacy)
[introduction] ,
Main Point 1: Identify and describe a deficiency in a Joint Force Capability, significant risk
description, what is the risk for future joint operations?(1)
#Air Superiority# Counter air operations are designed to gain control of the air and wrest such
control away from an adversary. Air superiority is a condition on the spectrum of air control, which
ranges from adversary air supremacy, to air parity, to friendly air supremacy. The air superiority
condition is achieved when friendly operations are able to proceed without prohibitive interference
from opposing forces. In modern military operations, achieving this level of control of the air is a
critical pre–condition for success. Air superiority provides freedom from attack, freedom to attack,
freedom of action, freedom of access, and freedom of awareness. Importantly, it also precludes
adversaries from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Follow–on Development Planning will continue to refine and appropriately scope these capability
development efforts. Additionally, Air Force Core Function Leads (CFLs) will develop and bring
forward options for resourcing these capability development efforts through the Air Force's Strategic
Planning and Programming Process to be included in the long range plan for eventual inclusion in
the President's Budget. AS 2030 capability development will need to be balanced against other Air
Force mission areas and operational environments.

Challenges Facing The United States
There will be significant challenges facing the United States in the next 10 years regarding strategic
threats and global security. The three overlapping types of conflicts which will dictate future wars,
challenge government agencies, and force all branches of the Armed Forces to restructure their
formations are "Wars of Silicon, Iron, and Shadow." The four U.S. Services will need to rebalance,
be adaptive, implement strategic agility, and reprioritize their programs to meet specific security
issues posed by these conflicts. "Diverse adversaries will employ traditional, unconventional, and
hybrid strategies to threaten U.S. National Security." Joint Forces by 2025 will need to be leaner,
technologically superior, and expeditionary to support Combatant Commanders so; they can win in
full spectrum operations and defend U.S. national interests at home and overseas. "These new and
adaptive Defense strategies will require making profound choices due to budget constraints and
Sequestration." There are significant risks associated with these choices, which will require
implementing stringent control measure to mitigate those risks. The "Wars of Iron, Silicon, and
Shadow" are shaping strategic interest for the U.S. at home and abroad; in addition will force
government agencies to make tough financial and strategic decision, which could significantly
influence National Military Strategy for years. "The United States must design an innovative
readiness and investment strategy

A Short Note On The Cargo Airport ( Dme ) Is Russia's...
Domodedovo Cargo Airport
Domodedovo Cargo Airport (DME) is Russia's main international air cargo hub and is located 22
kilometers south of Moscow. It is the country's largest and busiest airport; providing transportation
for over 22 million passengers each year. It is also the country's most technologically advanced
airport and has a cargo warehouse area of 14,800 square meters (159,306 square feet). Its cargo
capacity is 600 tons of cargo per day and it provides a full range of cargo handling services. It
employs 13,000 personnel and operates 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (TIACA, 2015). DME
provides services to 77 air carriers who fly to 29 domestic and 36 international destinations (DME,
2015). It serves the following regions; Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and other major Russian cities
including the Urals.
The terminal is equipped to handle cargo of all types to include import and export cargo, customs
facilities, and live animals. They even have an on–staff veterinarian. The warehouse is climate
controlled and has freezers and coolers to provide for special handling of perishable cargo. It has a
strong room with closed caption television (CCTV) surveillance and security guards for the storage
of pharmaceutical drugs and valuable cargo. The Dangerous Goods storage site boasts a sealed,
temperature controlled area with special fire suppression systems for hazardous materials/dangerous
goods fires. The air cargo terminal is equipped to handle heavy and outside cargo

The NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter: Challenger-Engineering...
The NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter: Challenger – Engineering Disaster
On January 28, 1986, NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter: Challenger launched from the Kennedy Space
Center, only to break apart 73 seconds into its flight. Challenger carried five NASA astronauts as
well as two payload specialists. Its destruction was widely recognized as one of the worst disasters
in the US space programs history. The Challenger shuttle disaster wasn't a freak accident. There
were many factors which resulted in the ultimate deaths of the seven passengers. These factors
ranged from management to miscommunication, poor engineering, and negligence.
The Challenger mission was set up to fail from the beginning, starting with an impossible schedule
NASA committed to, in order to ensure funding for the mission. Additionally, NASA management
had become very impatient with the technical complications which arise in constructing a space
shuttle and demanded haste. This haste forced engineers to work quickly, and not fully test and
analyze parts and equipment.
One of these parts were called O–rings. The primary function of O–rings were to seal field joints,
which were a section of Challenger's two solid rocket boosters, to the ... Show more content on
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The Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, also known as the Rogers
Commission was formed to investigate the disaster. The Rogers Commission released a report
several months later of its findings. Primarily, the commission found that the Challenger accident
was caused by 'A failure in the O–rings sealing a joint on the right solid rocket booster, which
allowed pressurized hot gases and eventually flame to blow by the O–ring and make contact with
the adjacent external tank, causing structural failure. The failure of the O–rings was attributed to a
faulty design, whose performance could be too easily compromised by facts including the low
temperature on the day of the

Space Shuttle Challenger Research Paper
There was a failure during the launch of the space shuttle challenger with one of the 0–rings on the
solid–propellant boosters. It had become brittle by the cold weather and failed. This catastrophe led
to an explosion shortly after liftoff. Engineers who had designed the 0–rings had apprehensions
about launching under these extreme cold conditions. The engineers recommended that the launch
be postponed, but they were overridden by their management. The management team did not
believe that there were enough statistics to support a postponement of the launch. The shuttle was
launched, causing the infamous accident.
It has been said that engineers from all disciplines can study lessons learned from catastrophes and
not make the same mistakes as their predecessors. The Challenger event was loaded with design
flaws comparable to those that test engineers today, says Brad Allenby, Lincoln professor of
engineering and ethics at Arizona State University. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was trying to remind him that managers are in charge of the people on the project while the
engineers are in control of the technical aspects. He was trying to convince him to not worry about
the technical aspects of the project and focus more on what was at stake looking at it from the big
picture. As an engineer this is wrong thinking and goes against everything that you are taught when
studying to be an engineer. He was wearing two hats and I believe he was placed in a position that
contradicted each other.
Conduct of the people within both NASA and Morton Thiokol with respect to the risk management
was unplanned. NASA management had to make a choice at the last minute even when everyone
agreed that a disastrous possibility existed. It was understood that the duties of the engineers and
managers were clearly defined. Much of the evidence relating to the tragedy was dismissed.
Conduct of the entire project team could be interpreted as group

Shoulder Replacement Versus Traditional Hip Replacement Essay
Hip Replacement Versus Traditional Hip Replacement The continuous aging of the human body
combined with the stress of physical activities create a repeated stress on the joints of our bodies
that carry the potential risk of developing osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common
forms of arthritis that is the worsening of the joints occurring particularly in the hands, knees, and
hip. Osteoarthritis occurs primarily with elderly individuals who have severely worsened their joints
leading to disability. When studying joint deterioration "radiographic signs of OA include joint
space narrowing, subchondral bone sclerosis, and osteophyte formation" (Bennell, Poquet,
Williams, 2016, P. 1689). These signs prove detrimental for some individuals who begin to suffer
severe pain leading to the inability of performing simple tasks such as writing and/or walking. Hip
disabilities are especially common as a result of osteoarthritis, leaving individuals with several
choices of treatment. Whether it's physical therapy, exercise, or taking medicine, these options
might not prove helpful depending on the severity of the hip joint. In this essay, I will be comparing
minimally invasive hip replacement to traditional hip replacement to determine why someone need's
a hip replacement procedure, which option more favorable, and the physical therapy following post–
replacement. The gradual wear and tear that is put on the joints of our human body causes cartilage
to begin to gradually

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