This document lists various surgical instruments including scalpels, scalpel handles, retractors, forceps, needle holders, sutures, elevators, and bone tools. It provides an overview of common instruments used in surgical procedures.
This document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important for complete dentures. It defines landmarks as recognizable anatomic structures used as reference points. The maxilla and mandible each have limiting structures that determine the denture border, supporting structures that tolerate biting forces as foundations for the denture, and stress relieving structures that should be relieved in the denture due to being fragile or prone to resorption. Specific maxillary landmarks include the labial and buccal frenums, hard palate, and tuberosity. Mandibular landmarks include the labial frenum, buccal shelves, and residual ridge. Understanding these landmarks is crucial for achieving proper retention, stability, and support of complete dentures.
The gingiva has mechanical and bacterial defenses against aggressions. Sulcular fluid (GCF) flows from the bloodstream through gingival tissue and exits via the gingival sulcus. It contains proteins, antibodies, antigens, enzymes, and cellular elements. Permeable materials like albumin and endotoxins can pass through the junctional epithelium and sulcular epithelium into GCF. GCF collection methods include absorbent paper strips, threads placed in the sulcus, and micropipettes. The composition and cellular elements of GCF make it useful for assessing inflammation. Drug levels in GCF also provide information about drug extraction through gingival tissues.
This document discusses the microbiology of dental plaque and periodontal disease. It begins by describing the transition of bacteria in dental plaque from gram-positive to gram-negative organisms and the types of bacteria that predominate in healthy versus diseased sites. It then discusses various pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. The document also addresses shifts in the microbial flora that occur during the development of gingivitis and periodontitis.
This document discusses periodontal treatment considerations for patients with medical conditions. It covers cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, congestive heart failure, cardiac pacemakers, and infective endocarditis. Treatment for hypertension requires consulting the physician and limiting procedures for high blood pressure. Ischemic heart disease patients may undergo elective dental work if angina is stable. Those with congestive heart failure or who have had a cerebrovascular accident also require special precautions. The goal is to modify treatment to safely provide care for medically compromised patients.
This document discusses radiographic aids in diagnosing periodontal disease. It describes the normal appearance of interdental septa on radiographs and how periodontal disease appears radiographically. Periodontal disease is seen as fuzziness or breaks in the lamina dura, wedge-shaped radiolucencies across the crest, and progressively reduced height of the interdental septum. The document also discusses how different radiographic techniques can distort images and the limitations of radiography for assessing internal morphology, depth of bone destruction, or abscesses in soft tissue.
The periodontium refers to the tissues surrounding and supporting teeth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. The gingiva is divided into the marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papilla. The gingiva contains oral epithelium, sulcular epithelium, and junctional epithelium. It functions to protect teeth and help regulate pH. The gingival connective tissue underneath contains collagen fibers, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and nerves that attach the gingiva to the tooth and resist occlusal forces. Gingival fibers are divided into circular, gingivodental, and transeptal groups. The
The document summarizes the process of periodontal wound healing. It discusses:
- The different outcomes of periodontal wound healing including repair, reattachment, regeneration, resorption and ankylosis.
- The factors that affect healing including local factors like plaque, trauma, medications and systemic factors like diabetes, smoking and nutrition.
- The typical phases of healing including inflammatory, granulation and matrix formation/remodeling phases.
- Specific discussions of healing after non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapies like gingivectomy, flap surgery and osseous surgery.
- Advanced regenerative approaches including use of various grafts to reconstruct periodontal tissues.
This document summarizes two journal club presentations. The first presentation reviews a study on the success of non-surgical periodontal therapy. It found that 39% of patients had pockets less than 5mm after treatment, with higher success rates in front teeth than molars. Factors like smoking, disease severity, and furcation involvement negatively impacted success. The second presentation examines the effectiveness of different non-surgical periodontal treatment approaches. A study found that a guided infection control approach was not inferior to conventional non-surgical treatment at 6 months.
This document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important for complete dentures. It defines landmarks as recognizable anatomic structures used as reference points. The maxilla and mandible each have limiting structures that determine the denture border, supporting structures that tolerate biting forces as foundations for the denture, and stress relieving structures that should be relieved in the denture due to being fragile or prone to resorption. Specific maxillary landmarks include the labial and buccal frenums, hard palate, and tuberosity. Mandibular landmarks include the labial frenum, buccal shelves, and residual ridge. Understanding these landmarks is crucial for achieving proper retention, stability, and support of complete dentures.
The gingiva has mechanical and bacterial defenses against aggressions. Sulcular fluid (GCF) flows from the bloodstream through gingival tissue and exits via the gingival sulcus. It contains proteins, antibodies, antigens, enzymes, and cellular elements. Permeable materials like albumin and endotoxins can pass through the junctional epithelium and sulcular epithelium into GCF. GCF collection methods include absorbent paper strips, threads placed in the sulcus, and micropipettes. The composition and cellular elements of GCF make it useful for assessing inflammation. Drug levels in GCF also provide information about drug extraction through gingival tissues.
This document discusses the microbiology of dental plaque and periodontal disease. It begins by describing the transition of bacteria in dental plaque from gram-positive to gram-negative organisms and the types of bacteria that predominate in healthy versus diseased sites. It then discusses various pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. The document also addresses shifts in the microbial flora that occur during the development of gingivitis and periodontitis.
This document discusses periodontal treatment considerations for patients with medical conditions. It covers cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, congestive heart failure, cardiac pacemakers, and infective endocarditis. Treatment for hypertension requires consulting the physician and limiting procedures for high blood pressure. Ischemic heart disease patients may undergo elective dental work if angina is stable. Those with congestive heart failure or who have had a cerebrovascular accident also require special precautions. The goal is to modify treatment to safely provide care for medically compromised patients.
This document discusses radiographic aids in diagnosing periodontal disease. It describes the normal appearance of interdental septa on radiographs and how periodontal disease appears radiographically. Periodontal disease is seen as fuzziness or breaks in the lamina dura, wedge-shaped radiolucencies across the crest, and progressively reduced height of the interdental septum. The document also discusses how different radiographic techniques can distort images and the limitations of radiography for assessing internal morphology, depth of bone destruction, or abscesses in soft tissue.
The periodontium refers to the tissues surrounding and supporting teeth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. The gingiva is divided into the marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papilla. The gingiva contains oral epithelium, sulcular epithelium, and junctional epithelium. It functions to protect teeth and help regulate pH. The gingival connective tissue underneath contains collagen fibers, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and nerves that attach the gingiva to the tooth and resist occlusal forces. Gingival fibers are divided into circular, gingivodental, and transeptal groups. The
The document summarizes the process of periodontal wound healing. It discusses:
- The different outcomes of periodontal wound healing including repair, reattachment, regeneration, resorption and ankylosis.
- The factors that affect healing including local factors like plaque, trauma, medications and systemic factors like diabetes, smoking and nutrition.
- The typical phases of healing including inflammatory, granulation and matrix formation/remodeling phases.
- Specific discussions of healing after non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapies like gingivectomy, flap surgery and osseous surgery.
- Advanced regenerative approaches including use of various grafts to reconstruct periodontal tissues.
This document summarizes two journal club presentations. The first presentation reviews a study on the success of non-surgical periodontal therapy. It found that 39% of patients had pockets less than 5mm after treatment, with higher success rates in front teeth than molars. Factors like smoking, disease severity, and furcation involvement negatively impacted success. The second presentation examines the effectiveness of different non-surgical periodontal treatment approaches. A study found that a guided infection control approach was not inferior to conventional non-surgical treatment at 6 months.
The document discusses the services provided by a Department of Prosthodontics. It describes prosthodontics as focusing on dental prostheses to aid mastication, aesthetics and speech. The department has three branches: fixed prosthodontics, removable prosthodontics, and maxillofacial prosthodontics. Previously, the department provided services like removable complete and partial denture fabrication and repairs. It now also offers services like fabrication of tooth and implant supported overdentures, cementation of various fixed dentures, denture relines, and maxillofacial prostheses.
The document discusses the development of occlusion from infancy through adulthood. It describes the predentate, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition periods. During each period, certain self-correcting anomalies can occur as the teeth develop. These include deep bite, spacing, open bite, and transitional issues as teeth emerge like the ugly duckling stage. Through growth and utilization of spaces between teeth, the dentition typically corrects itself to achieve ideal occlusion.
[6]role of avialable bone on dental implants [ 6 ] (3).pptxMohammadEissaAhmadi
This document discusses the role of available bone in dental implants. It begins by defining available bone as the quantity and quality of bone suitable for implant placement. It then summarizes Misch and Judy's 1985 classification of available bone into four divisions - A, B, C, and D - based on dimensions like width, height, length, and angulation. For each division, it outlines the amount of available bone, potential treatment options like bone grafting, and suitable prosthetic options. Division A represents abundant bone suitable for standard implants while Division D is deficient bone requiring extensive grafting before implants. The classification system helps clinicians evaluate bone quantity and determine the necessary bone modification or grafting procedures before dental implant placement and prosthetics.
[11]basic of bone grafting and graft materail [ 13 ] (3).pptxMohammadEissaAhmadi
Bone grafting involves surgically placing bone grafts to repair bone defects or regenerate bone volume for dental implants. There are several types of grafts, including autogenous bone harvested from the patient, allografts from cadavers, xenografts from animals, and synthetic grafts. Autogenous bone is still the gold standard as it promotes new bone growth through osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis. However, it requires an additional surgical site and can cause donor site morbidity. Allografts and xenografts avoid donor sites but may have slower incorporation. Synthetic grafts use ceramics like hydroxyapatite but do not form new bone directly. Growth factors can also be added
This document discusses factors related to bone density for dental implants. It describes Lekhom and Zarb's classification of jawbone quality and Misch's bone density classification. It discusses how to determine bone density using CT scans, tactile assessment, or bone gauges. The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of different bone densities (D1-D4) for implants. It also covers Misch and Judy's classification of available bone (Divisions A-D), describing the characteristics and treatment options for each division. The overall document provides an overview of classifications for bone density and quality and how they relate to treatment planning for dental implants.
This document discusses various prosthetic options for dental implants based on patient and clinical factors. For partially edentulous patients, cement-retained or screw-retained fixed prostheses can be used. For single tooth replacement, cement-retained or screw-retained ceramic crowns are options. For multiple tooth replacement, individual implants can support each unit or bridges can be used connecting a small number of implants. Completely edentulous patients can receive ball-retained or bar-retained overdentures on 2-6 implants or fixed prostheses connected by several implants that are screw-retained, cement-retained or hybrid. Metal-free zirconium prostheses are also an option.
This document discusses the influence of various systemic conditions on periodontal health. It covers topics like endocrine disorders and hormonal changes including diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and effects of puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. It also discusses hematological disorders and immune deficiencies such as leukocyte disorders, leukemia, and various types of anemia. Finally, it touches on genetic disorders, nutrition influences, stress, medication effects, and other systemic conditions and how they can impact periodontal health.
This document provides an overview of the relationships between orthodontics and periodontics. It discusses how orthodontic therapy can help with periodontal problems like correcting crowding, improving gingival health, and treating osseous defects. It also addresses multidisciplinary esthetic treatment involving gingival discrepancies and open embrasures. Factors to consider for tooth movement in periodontally compromised patients are presented. Finally, the interactions between orthodontics, implants, and periodontics are reviewed, including using implants for anchorage in orthodontics and for replacing missing teeth.
This document summarizes two cases of gingival recession. For the first case, the patient is a 19-year-old female student with good oral hygiene who has Miller class 2 gingival recession on the upper teeth. The proposed treatment plan is scaling and root planing followed by the Zucchilli technique surgery. For the second case, the patient is a 20-year-old female with moderate oral hygiene and gingival recession. The treatment plan is non-surgical scaling and root planing followed by tunnel technique surgery.
This document discusses anchorage in orthodontics. It defines anchorage as the resistance to unwanted tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. There are intraoral and extraoral sources of anchorage, with intraoral sources including teeth, alveolar bone, basal bone, cortical bone, and musculature. The potential for anchorage depends on factors like root form, size, position, and inclination of teeth. Anchorage can be classified as simple, stationary, or reciprocal depending on how forces are applied. Preventing anchorage loss is important in orthodontic treatment.
1. Available bone quantity and quality are important criteria for implant treatment planning. Bone is measured based on its width, height, length, and angulation.
2. The anterior maxilla resorbs slower in height than the anterior mandible, but the original height of bone in the anterior mandible is twice that of the maxilla.
3. Implant width, height, and length all affect the total surface area and initial stability, with increases providing benefits up to certain thresholds.
4. Bone is classified based on its available dimensions, with Division A having abundant bone, Division B having barely sufficient bone, Division C having compromised bone in width and/or height, and Division D having deficient
The document discusses the services provided by a Department of Prosthodontics. It describes prosthodontics as focusing on dental prostheses to aid mastication, aesthetics and speech. The department has three branches: fixed prosthodontics, removable prosthodontics, and maxillofacial prosthodontics. Previously, the department provided services like removable complete and partial denture fabrication and repairs. It now also offers services like fabrication of tooth and implant supported overdentures, cementation of various fixed dentures, denture relines, and maxillofacial prostheses.
The document discusses the development of occlusion from infancy through adulthood. It describes the predentate, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition periods. During each period, certain self-correcting anomalies can occur as the teeth develop. These include deep bite, spacing, open bite, and transitional issues as teeth emerge like the ugly duckling stage. Through growth and utilization of spaces between teeth, the dentition typically corrects itself to achieve ideal occlusion.
[6]role of avialable bone on dental implants [ 6 ] (3).pptxMohammadEissaAhmadi
This document discusses the role of available bone in dental implants. It begins by defining available bone as the quantity and quality of bone suitable for implant placement. It then summarizes Misch and Judy's 1985 classification of available bone into four divisions - A, B, C, and D - based on dimensions like width, height, length, and angulation. For each division, it outlines the amount of available bone, potential treatment options like bone grafting, and suitable prosthetic options. Division A represents abundant bone suitable for standard implants while Division D is deficient bone requiring extensive grafting before implants. The classification system helps clinicians evaluate bone quantity and determine the necessary bone modification or grafting procedures before dental implant placement and prosthetics.
[11]basic of bone grafting and graft materail [ 13 ] (3).pptxMohammadEissaAhmadi
Bone grafting involves surgically placing bone grafts to repair bone defects or regenerate bone volume for dental implants. There are several types of grafts, including autogenous bone harvested from the patient, allografts from cadavers, xenografts from animals, and synthetic grafts. Autogenous bone is still the gold standard as it promotes new bone growth through osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis. However, it requires an additional surgical site and can cause donor site morbidity. Allografts and xenografts avoid donor sites but may have slower incorporation. Synthetic grafts use ceramics like hydroxyapatite but do not form new bone directly. Growth factors can also be added
This document discusses factors related to bone density for dental implants. It describes Lekhom and Zarb's classification of jawbone quality and Misch's bone density classification. It discusses how to determine bone density using CT scans, tactile assessment, or bone gauges. The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of different bone densities (D1-D4) for implants. It also covers Misch and Judy's classification of available bone (Divisions A-D), describing the characteristics and treatment options for each division. The overall document provides an overview of classifications for bone density and quality and how they relate to treatment planning for dental implants.
This document discusses various prosthetic options for dental implants based on patient and clinical factors. For partially edentulous patients, cement-retained or screw-retained fixed prostheses can be used. For single tooth replacement, cement-retained or screw-retained ceramic crowns are options. For multiple tooth replacement, individual implants can support each unit or bridges can be used connecting a small number of implants. Completely edentulous patients can receive ball-retained or bar-retained overdentures on 2-6 implants or fixed prostheses connected by several implants that are screw-retained, cement-retained or hybrid. Metal-free zirconium prostheses are also an option.
This document discusses the influence of various systemic conditions on periodontal health. It covers topics like endocrine disorders and hormonal changes including diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and effects of puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. It also discusses hematological disorders and immune deficiencies such as leukocyte disorders, leukemia, and various types of anemia. Finally, it touches on genetic disorders, nutrition influences, stress, medication effects, and other systemic conditions and how they can impact periodontal health.
This document provides an overview of the relationships between orthodontics and periodontics. It discusses how orthodontic therapy can help with periodontal problems like correcting crowding, improving gingival health, and treating osseous defects. It also addresses multidisciplinary esthetic treatment involving gingival discrepancies and open embrasures. Factors to consider for tooth movement in periodontally compromised patients are presented. Finally, the interactions between orthodontics, implants, and periodontics are reviewed, including using implants for anchorage in orthodontics and for replacing missing teeth.
This document summarizes two cases of gingival recession. For the first case, the patient is a 19-year-old female student with good oral hygiene who has Miller class 2 gingival recession on the upper teeth. The proposed treatment plan is scaling and root planing followed by the Zucchilli technique surgery. For the second case, the patient is a 20-year-old female with moderate oral hygiene and gingival recession. The treatment plan is non-surgical scaling and root planing followed by tunnel technique surgery.
This document discusses anchorage in orthodontics. It defines anchorage as the resistance to unwanted tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. There are intraoral and extraoral sources of anchorage, with intraoral sources including teeth, alveolar bone, basal bone, cortical bone, and musculature. The potential for anchorage depends on factors like root form, size, position, and inclination of teeth. Anchorage can be classified as simple, stationary, or reciprocal depending on how forces are applied. Preventing anchorage loss is important in orthodontic treatment.
1. Available bone quantity and quality are important criteria for implant treatment planning. Bone is measured based on its width, height, length, and angulation.
2. The anterior maxilla resorbs slower in height than the anterior mandible, but the original height of bone in the anterior mandible is twice that of the maxilla.
3. Implant width, height, and length all affect the total surface area and initial stability, with increases providing benefits up to certain thresholds.
4. Bone is classified based on its available dimensions, with Division A having abundant bone, Division B having barely sufficient bone, Division C having compromised bone in width and/or height, and Division D having deficient
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.