This document discusses the benefits of multicellular organisms over single giant cells due to surface area to volume ratios. It explains that as cells increase in size, their surface area does not increase at the same rate as their volume. This causes single large cells to not have enough surface area for the exchange of materials. Multicellular organisms avoid this issue by having many smaller cells that each specialize in different functions, allowing organisms to grow larger overall while maintaining efficient surface area to volume ratios in individual cells.