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GIANT AMOEBA EATS
NEW YORK CITY
Surface-to-Volume Ratios and the
Benefits of Being Multicellular
PREDICTIONS
       do you think cells are so small?
Why



  _____________________________
  ___

  _____________________________
  ___

  _____________________________
GIANT AMOEBA EATS
NEW YORK CITY
       will likely never see that headline
You


    cells get larger, they need more
As
 food and produce more waste

            more materials must be
Therefore,
 able to move in and out of the cell
 through the cell membrane
SURFACE-TO-VOLUME
RATIO
   growing cell needs larger surface
A
 area through which to exchange
 materials

     cell’s volume increases, its outer
As
 surface grows too. But the volume
 increases at a faster rate than the
 surface area. So if a cell gets too
 large, it won’t have enough openings
 to allow materials in and out
WHY AREN’T THE RATES THE
SAME?
           Surface-to-Volume is actually a
Because
 ratio

      Surface-to-Volume ratio decreases as
The
 cell size increases

            the number of cells but not the
Increasing
 size keep a high surface-to-volume ratio
SURFACE-TO-VOLUME RATIO
BENEFITS OF BEING
MULTICELLULAR
A single cell as big as your are would have an
 incredibly small surface-to-volume ratio. The
 cell would not survive because its outer surface
 would be too small to allow in the materials it
 would need

 Remember,   multicellular organisms grow by?
      Producing more cells
 Why is an elephant larger than a human being?
         It has more cells, not larger cells
MANY KINDS OF CELLS
               organisms are able to do
Multicellular
 lots of other things besides grow

     is because different cells are
This
 specialized to do different jobs

            for example have specialized
Humans
 cells like muscle, eye, and brain cells
 which let us walk, run, watch a movie,
 think, and so on.
MATH BREAK
    The shape of a cell can affect its surface-to-volume ratio.

    Examine the cells below and answer the questions that follow




         4
                A
                                     2       B

                                                     2
                                             2
                        1
                2
    What is the surface area of Cell A?       Cell B?

                                          28 Cell B? 24
    What is the volume of Cell A?

                                      8                8
    Which of the two cells has the greater surface-to-volume

    ratio?
           Cell A 28:8
YOUR PET PARAMECIUM
 Imagine   you have a pet Paramecium, a type
  of unicellular organism. The dimensions of
  your Paramecium are 125 m x 50 x 20. If 7
  food molecules can enter through each
  square micrometer of surface every minute,
  how many molecules can it eat in 1 minute?

 Ifyour pet needs 1 food molecule per cubic
  micrometer of volume every minute to
  survive, how much would you have to feed it
  every minute?

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Surface Volume

  • 1. GIANT AMOEBA EATS NEW YORK CITY Surface-to-Volume Ratios and the Benefits of Being Multicellular
  • 2. PREDICTIONS do you think cells are so small? Why  _____________________________ ___  _____________________________ ___  _____________________________
  • 3. GIANT AMOEBA EATS NEW YORK CITY will likely never see that headline You cells get larger, they need more As food and produce more waste more materials must be Therefore, able to move in and out of the cell through the cell membrane
  • 4. SURFACE-TO-VOLUME RATIO growing cell needs larger surface A area through which to exchange materials cell’s volume increases, its outer As surface grows too. But the volume increases at a faster rate than the surface area. So if a cell gets too large, it won’t have enough openings to allow materials in and out
  • 5. WHY AREN’T THE RATES THE SAME? Surface-to-Volume is actually a Because ratio Surface-to-Volume ratio decreases as The cell size increases the number of cells but not the Increasing size keep a high surface-to-volume ratio
  • 7. BENEFITS OF BEING MULTICELLULAR A single cell as big as your are would have an incredibly small surface-to-volume ratio. The cell would not survive because its outer surface would be too small to allow in the materials it would need  Remember, multicellular organisms grow by? Producing more cells  Why is an elephant larger than a human being? It has more cells, not larger cells
  • 8. MANY KINDS OF CELLS organisms are able to do Multicellular lots of other things besides grow is because different cells are This specialized to do different jobs for example have specialized Humans cells like muscle, eye, and brain cells which let us walk, run, watch a movie, think, and so on.
  • 9. MATH BREAK The shape of a cell can affect its surface-to-volume ratio.  Examine the cells below and answer the questions that follow 4 A 2 B 2 2 1 2 What is the surface area of Cell A? Cell B?  28 Cell B? 24 What is the volume of Cell A?  8 8 Which of the two cells has the greater surface-to-volume  ratio? Cell A 28:8
  • 10. YOUR PET PARAMECIUM  Imagine you have a pet Paramecium, a type of unicellular organism. The dimensions of your Paramecium are 125 m x 50 x 20. If 7 food molecules can enter through each square micrometer of surface every minute, how many molecules can it eat in 1 minute?  Ifyour pet needs 1 food molecule per cubic micrometer of volume every minute to survive, how much would you have to feed it every minute?