Suggest Reasons For Trends In The Use Of Technology In The...

Suggest reasons for trends in the use of technology in the...
From looking at figure 5 a varity of trends can be shown. When focusing on internet users a very slow rate of growth can be shown, this may be
due to the small amount of countries that are able to get access to the World Wide Web due to connections. Over a 10 year period from 1998 to 2008
there can be seen a major rise in the use of the internet. As the internet is a relatively new device it is clear that those less developed countries would
take time to get hold of it. 1990 was quite early for a developing country to use the internet but is is clear as the world has become more globalized
and developed the internet usage has shot up. This is due to a technological advance around the world and slowly the developing countries got hold of
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Developing countries find it hard to put the technology into place, but with the help of the developing countries it is a lot easier.
Mobile phones can be seen to only start taking shape in 1996 but when they are introduced they soar above any other form of technology. They
end up in 20098 to having 60 handsets per 1000 people which is a huge amount. This is due to the cheap costs that are present and they are
affordable to the people which there low wages. Many companies such as Nokia have seen a mobile phone market available in developing
countries and they cause a lot more people to get hold of them. The developing countries see how much of a difference they make to life and
spread the word and soon a lot of people are in possession. Unlike landlines there is only one satellite dish that is needed and these can be place
almost any where meaning they don't take up a lot of time and money. The running costs are low as usually the spare parts may be made in the
developing countries and easy ways of keeping them charged are available such as using the sun. The fact that many people have them makes
business easier which attracts more people to have them making them very popular compared to the land line. It is the fact that they are very simple
and cheap that there are so many being used in the developing world compared to the internet and land
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Neocolonialism: the Relationship Between Superpowers and...
Using examples assess the view that the relationship between superpowers and the developing world is a neo colonial one. (15)
The dominating capitalist ideology from superpowers has led to extreme inequalities between core and peripheral nations, which has resulted in an
unstable relationship with the developing world. Neocolonialism is a geopolitical practice in which a superpower perpetuates its economic and
political hegemony on underdeveloped nations. This indirect and 'disguised' Imperialism has continued in variable degrees between colonial powers
and peripheral regions including Asia, Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America.
According to Dr Alice Lyman Miller, a superpower is: "a country with the capacity to project dominating... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two hundred giant corporations dominate the world's economic activity such as General Motors being larger than Denmark & Ford is bigger than
South Africa [economically]. Pilger travelled to Indonesia to examine the discrimination he believes globalization causes, where high street brand Nike
is mass–produced by cheap labour in 'sweatshops'. Foreign Direct Investment in low–tech manufacturing areas mean big profits for TNC's, resulting in
Superpowers approving of the advantages the developing world brings. In contrast, the developing world doesn't have a good relationship with
superpowers, due to the injustice of exploitation and poverty. This high mass consumption from superpowers correlates with the modernization theory,
in that consumerism is increasing among wealthier countries.
In contrast to this argument, is the idea of 'paternalistic neocolonialism', some people of colonial countries believes culturally and ideologically that the
relationship between superpowers and developing nations is beneficial in the long–term. Emerging superpower China has delegated with the
Democratic Republic of Congo in that Chinese multinational corporations will only receive copper ore if Chinese firms provide infrastructural services
to the D.R. of Congo. Hence this relationship becomes more balanced in that the developing nation receives payment for its valuable resources,
catalyzing industrial development. This

Developing Countries During World War II
1. Introduction: Since World War II, trade between growing and manufacturing nations has strengthened and borrowing of poor countries from the rich
countries has increased. The growing link between these two groups of economies increased eventually in addition to the increase in the rate of
dependability amongst them. With the rapid growth in wealth and industrialization of the First World, only a few developing countries managed to
have adequate economic growth on the line of the developed countries. Many of the developing countries which were poor at that time still remained
to be poor today even today in comparison to the industrialized nations. Dearth of capital and skilled labor produces a low level of per capita income
preventing the developing countries to realize their economies of scale through which many of the developed countries benefit from. Several attempts
have been made by developed countries to decrease the disparities between rich and the poor economies. To finance their domestic investment,
developing countries rely on other governments or international organizations like International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank to procure
loans. Besides these loans, foreign investments in these countries are financed by private companies, this from of investment is known as Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI). In case of FDIs, the foreign companies, especially Transnational Corporations (TNCs), invest in the growing nations and
remain as the solitary owners of these

Sexual Exploitation of Women in the Developing World Essay
Exploitation of Women in the Developing World
The modern world today is proud to recognize the equality that has been acknowledged between age, gender, and race. Women are beginning to be
treated as equals with men, in new customs, lifestyle, society, and economy. Today, women are freer and are liberated from their traditional roles as
housewives, and are pursuing their hopes and dreams. However, this is not the case in many regions of the world. In the developing countries,
thousands of females are dehumanized by prostitution and the trafficking of women and children is dehumanizing which serves only to benefit men. It
exploits and violates the rights of women in the developing world. Sexual exploitation, which includes sex tourism, ... Show more content on
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The all–encompassing power of the sex industry has devastated the economic and financial status of women in the developing countries. Governments
in the developing world encourage the sex industry due to the profit they gain to pay their countries' debts, and are uninterested in the women's
well–being.
Women made vulnerable by poverty are most susceptible to the sex industry because they lack the resources, the education, and the economic
alternatives to pursue other work possibilities. The lack of education diminishes women's potential to gain paid employment, and desperately consent to
prostitution as their survival strategy.
The governments of the developing world encourage and utilize the sex trade industry as a progress strategy to repay millions of dollars of debt to
international corporations. There are also economic incentives for the governments of both the exporting and importing countries to ignore the
trafficking in women, and the governments are relatively uninterested in the women's well–being.
The sex industry promotes gender inequality and racial discrimination: foreign women maintain the lowest position in the sex trade hierarchy.
The sex industry focuses on the women and children that are devastated by poverty. One can argue that prostitution is a survival strategy for women in
absolute poverty, but it is the sex industry that locks them in poverty. Sex traders recruit women by promising them jobs, a

The Role Of Education In The Developing World
Education in the Developing World
Is education a basic human right? According to Article 26 of the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, yes. It states that everyone
should have access to free primary education and equal opportunity access to higher education. Unfortunately, in many places around the world, access
is limited either monetarily or governmentally, and even when it is available, a lack of resources or a lack of proper educators can severely limit the
quality of the education. As many as 115 million primary–age children around the world are not currently in school, and of those who are in school,
over 226 million never attend secondary school. In some parts of Africa the literacy rate in children is below fifty percent. Let's take a look at one
developing country in particular, South Africa, which is considered to have one of the worst education systems on the planet.
South Africa's education system is broken into three parts: elementary schooling, secondary schooling, and tertiary schooling. According to the
Organisation for Economic Co–operation and Development, only about seven percent of South Africans achieve tertiary schooling. As of 2013,
South Africa houses 25,720 schools for almost 12.5 million people. That's nearly one in four people in some form of education. It makes sense, as
primary schooling is required by law for children between the ages of seven and fifteen. Yet of those who go to school twenty–seven percent are still

Escape From Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in...
The developing world has been overwhelmed by major refugee crises in the past few decades, and a rapidly changing world has altered the dynamics
of refugee flows and their root causes. For this reason, the authors of Escape From Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World,
attempt to provide a more realistic theoretical framework of refugee trends in order to prescribe ways in which the developed world can help alleviate
the problem. The book attempts to clarify why there have been so many refugees emerging recently from the developing world, why they leave in
varying volumes, where they end up, and why they go back or not. The findings indicate that patterns of refugee flows and conflict are affected by
various ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the fact that the above definition is quite selective and precise, there is still debate about its inclusiveness and whether it should be modified
to adapt to account for more recent phenomena. The word refugee originated in France and its classic definition was used to describe foreigners who
were escaping religious persecution. This conceptualization of a refugee is illustrated well by the case of the Huguenots, who were Calvinists
escaping to England to flee from French persecution in the late seventeenth century. One reason the Huguenots were considered refugees is because
they were "people fleeing a life–threatening danger – with "life" referring to spiritual as well as physical existence," and this was based on their
membership in a specific religion that

Sub Saharan Afric Developing The World With Its Most...
INTRODUCTIONBackground Sub–Saharan Africa continues to present the world with its most formidable developmentchallenge. During the last two
decades the number of the poor in Africa has doubled from150 million to 300 million, more than 40 percent of the region's population. About one
thirdof the region's population lives in countries affected by or emerging from conflict. Moreover,HIV/AIDS continues to threaten African lives and
livelihoods. Africa is the only region thatremains behind on most of the MDGs. On current trends it will fall far short of meeting the2015 targets, (The
World Bank, 2005).Africa has come a long way in its efforts to achieve sustainable development. Lessons of thecontinent's development over the last
two decades consistently highlighted the need for moreintensive efforts to effectively address some of its major development constraints. Acombination
of ineffective policies, outright mismanagement (in some countries), heavyexternal debt burden, poor governance, and conflicts precipitated the
massive economicdecline in the early 1980s. The recovery in the latter half of the decade was partly due tomajor economic policy reforms as well as
growing socio–political pluralism and economicstability, which were consolidated in the decade of the 1990s. Yet, much still remains to bedone, as the
African continent entered the 21st century faced with numerous developmentchallenges. Some of these challenges

Discuss the Reasons Why the Research and Development of...
Christine Carraro
10B
Biology
'Discuss the reasons why the research and development of anti–retroviral drugs (ARVs) has impacted differently on people suffering from HIV/AIDS
in developed and developing world'
HIV/AIDS still does not have a know cure, but has a treatment that slows down the affects of HIV/AIDS which is called ARV (anti–retroviral drug)
The ARV drug is a very "exclusive" drug because as it is very expensive, around $400 a month if not more depending on which stage you are in, and
that is a huge dilemma because many people cannot afford to pay that amount of money so they are not able to receive the treatment.
If people in the first world countries cannot receive the drug, how do people in the third world receive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Africa the education is something that not everyone gets, so they are not aware about how they get the disease, how they can prevent it or what
are the affects. A reason for why in Africa they do not receive the education is because there are a very few amount of teachers, and the teachers that
they have may also be contaminated and are not able to execute their job correctly. HIV/AIDS affects everyone in their community because the
disease spreads fast in their case (the people in Africa). This is due to their sexual behavior.
Their culture does not have monogamy or a custom of only one sexual partner, but they have many different sexual partners, and that is why HIV
/AIDS spreads so quickly in Africa. They also do not use protection because it is not available to most people and so chances are higher to get HIV
/AIDS. Another cultural aspect is that there is a lot of prejudice against testing. Many people do not want to get tested for HIV/AIDS because one,
they are scared the test might come back positive, second if it does result positive how will they tell their family/friends and thirdly how will they
get the treatment they need to get. If the people get tested and do want to not tell anyone, because of various reasons, and as a result the problem
amplifies and does not get solved. Another problem for the cultural aspect is get the people to take responsibility and try to change. Of coarse it is
easier to ignore the problem and pretend it is not there, but

Health Care During Third World / Developing Countries
Health care in third–world/developing countries is vastly different than that health care in first–world/developed countries. In 1994, AZT became the
first approved treatment for HIV. Pertinent studies showed that prenatal administration of AZT to HIV positive pregnant and subsequent postnatal
administration to their babies resulted in a reducing mother to infant transmission from 25% to 8%. This change in the course of such a devastating
illness helped to alter the mindset that having HIV was a death sentence. AZT was shown to slow the spread HIV significantly. It is important to note
that AZT cannot stop the spread of HIV completely, but it is a viable treatment method that attempts to control and slow the condition. The AIDS
pandemic spread across the globe in an uneven fashion. It was clear that HIV/AIDS was primarily affecting third world countries the most severely.
Though an expensive drug, the "076" cocktail proved to be the most effective treatment in even short–term dosages. "The 076 [long course] regimen
was a complicated one, involving five daily oral doses of AZT over an average of twelve weeks of pregnancy intravenous administration of AZT
during labor and delivery, and six weeks of postpartum AZT for the infant" (Scott 1999, 544). While the treatment had been shown to reduce the
transmission of HIV during pregnancy and delivery greatly, most public health experts agreed (at the ime) that the "076" regimen was impractical for
many reasons. Women in

Main Factors Affecting The Growth Of The Developing World
Miranda Hill Professor Allison Post Political Science 139D 17 November 2016 Explanations for Urban Growth in the Developing World Over half of
the world population is living in urban environments and projections for the next 30 years predict that the majority of population growth will be taking
place in cities in the developing world. While more mega–cities, meaning cities larger than ten million, have been on the rise, still a majority of people
who live in urban environments are living in smaller agglomerations. With an expectation of urban–growth and globalization to continue to increase in
the future, it's essential to understand the ways in which the development of labor and capital have an impact on urban life. There is substantial debate
over what affects the growth of cities and who this occurs. There is substantial debate over how cities grow, and what primarily affects and determines
their growth, especially in developing countries. I will aim to analyze the different arguments regarding the factors affecting the growth prospects of
cities and regions in the developing world. I will first discuss the literature of economic geography. Next, I will evaluate the "global cities" literature. I
will then compare the strengths and weakness of these two perspectives. Afterwards I will emphasize why both perspectives offering convincing
arguments, though neither offers a complete explanation to understand factors affecting economic growth. The World Development Report

My Student Is Developing An Understanding Of The World,...
PART 4: My student is developing an understanding of the world, local and regional cultures in his social class. Examples of the different types of
cultures include the Latin American indigenous people, our community and the Amish culture. Also, my student is presented with a geographic
understanding which includes location, place, human environment interactions such as Deforestation and Pollution. Some general learning strategies
include highlighting key terms, organization and note taking. Moreover, my student asked if he was allowed to go to the bathroom every time the
teacher gave out an assignment to do for individual work, this lead me to believe that he was trying to avoid work because his actions were consistent
throughout my observation. Some good avoidance techniques that I observed was my student, Torrian, asking if he could pass out classroom
textbooks and assignments. I consider this good avoidance because my student volunteered to help assist the teacher making the class go by smoothly,
instead of bad avoidance for example, asking to go to the bathroom and wasting his learning time. Moreover, I believe that my student is learning the
material that is being presented to him because he enjoys answering and asking questions even though he often does not raise his hands he is still
engaged in the lessons. Another observation I had was watching my student participate in class activities such as an oral presentation which talked
about cultures and he covered on

Social Capital in the Developing World Essay
The globalized world today is getting very advanced in all areas and so has become very competitive. This then accommodates the use of a
comparative approach in society. Comparative, an activity derived from the word comparison meaning to compare, it is defined as a research which
uses data that are compared between at least two countries (Ragin, 1987). This comparative study is a very important phenomenon in the field of social
science and commenced in the1960s and 1970s. It is used as an essential form of an investigating tool in analyzing the operations between different
countries with a view to formulate solutions for under– developed countries and to give details of the development of social structuring in the framing
of public... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was deemed necessary for human advancement in terms of improvement in institutions, standard of living, health care, education and the way
forward in society. In other words it can be regarded as a social empowerment to prepare government policies in the emerging societies. According to
Alan Thomas, development is seen as an historical era attesting for social changes which has transformed society over a long period. He also made
mention that development is a deliberate intent for progress through government, its agencies, social movements and other organizations (Thomas,
1992). Development is evident in society when there is a marked increase in economic growth, prosperity among individuals, modernized infrastructure
and an increase in educational standards. Educational opportunities are of vital importance in any society as it enhances and produces individuals of
intellectual personalities who in turn build the society from their brilliant ideas. On the other hand, lack of educational standard leads to criminal
behaviours, hence, a decline in development. Adapting to technological advancement and engaging in an active civil society helps in fostering
development. Civil society plays an integral role in society's development as they mostly include interest groups. They lobby for changes to meet the
needs of becoming competitive with the

The Unfair Practices of The World Trade Organization...
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a set of rules about how governments can protect and subsidize domestic activity.(Wise) Yet it is this very
organization that ignored the pleas from developing countries to remove these subsidies. In the book "The Global Food Economy: The Battle For
the Future Of Farming" ,Tony Weis quotes Bello who says "consensus WTO style, means the big trading countries impose their consensus on the
less powerful countries."(Wise) The subsidies from the EU and US distorted the competitive market and unfairly hindered the growth of developing
nations. (Wise) Wise goes on to further quote the WTO President of 2002, Michael Moore, who states that a reduction in agro. subsidies in
developed countries "would return more than five times all the development assistance." Even WTO officials had begun to speak out about subsidies
and their unfair affect on developing countries. The movie Black Gold depicts how the push to liberalize trade at the global scale through institutions
like the WTO, has had an impact on coffee farmers by telling the story of Tadesse Meskela. Tadesse Meskela is the manager of the Oromia Coffee
Farmers Co–operative Union, and represents over 101 individual co–operatives and the 74,000 coffee farmers that make up these co–operatives in
Southern Ethiopia. Tadesse states that they are producing the best coffees in the world, yet they are getting very low prices. He goes on to state the
price affects all those involved in the coffee

Exploitation of Women in the Developing World
The modern world today is proud to recognize the equality that has been acknowledged between age, gender, and race. Women are beginning to be
treated as equals with men, in new customs, lifestyle, society, and economy. Today, women are freer and are liberated from their traditional roles as
housewives, and are pursuing their hopes and dreams. However, this is not the case in many regions of the world. In the developing countries,
thousands of females are dehumanized by prostitution and the trafficking of women and children is dehumanizing which serves only to benefit men. It
exploits and violates the rights of women in the developing world. Sexual exploitation, which includes sex tourism, bride trade, temporary marriages,
and sexual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The deceived women are then sold off by pimps to the sex industry, and when they discover what their В‘job' entailed, they already owe thousands of
dollars to their sex owners. They end up trapped trying to repay the money they never collected, and usually are forced to work full time in the sex
industry for years, even decades, keeping them in poverty.
"Sexual exploitation preys on women and children made vulnerable by poverty, by economic development policies and practices, and by traffickers
who capitalize on restricted migration policies." (Janice G. Raymond, Co–executive director of Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW))
The sex workers are slaves paying back their debts to the brothel owners. They are bonded by debt for years, not only working to earn back the
money that they were sold for, but also the interest. According to Kevin Bales, there are two types of debt bondage. The first type is when a slave's
life and labour is used as the collateral to acquire loans, forcing them to work towards the payment of these loans plus the interest. The second kind of
debt bondage is when victims become bonded slaves when they violate the loan agreements made by the brothel owners and the sex traders.
Trafficking and prostitution are what makes the majority of the sex industry, but it should never be recognized as a job or legitimated as work.
However, the trafficking system continues to be supported by certain governments, who view

Sweatshops: Harmful To The Poor In The Developing World
I think countries that support child labor are harming their educational, intellectual, and social future by encouraging child to work. I believe child
labor is wrong. Although, I understand that much of child labor occurs because the adults of the family are incapable of working, I believe the
utilization of child labor severely limits children's intellectual and physical growth. In short, countries engaging and encouraging child labor are
sacrificing their long term social benefits – for having educated future generations – for the short term goals of economic subsistence and survival.
2.How do you balance the family's need for income and the need for children to get an education? Do you think that children working so young ... Show
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What do you think of the claim that refusing to buy goods made in sweatshops is actually harmful to the poor in the developing world?
A: I have fixed feelings about the claim that refusing to buy goods made in sweatshops is harming the developing world's poor. I think that
sweatshops situations do provide higher wages for workers than other Third World occupations and other economic benefits. Sweatshops can be
beneficial and have an economic purpose is valid. But I also believe – as Christians – we should not support institutions or companies who are making
money by violating the rights of other human beings. Sweatshops violate human rights and degrade the sacredness of persons as Imago Dei or image
bearers of God (Gen. 1:26, English Standard Version). One element of Zwolinski's claim, which I cannot agree with is his belief that sweatshops are
acceptable because individuals 'choose' to work in them. I feel this claim reveals Zwolinski's narrow–mindedness and westernized naГЇvetГ© on this
subject. For example, if you are a women in Vietnam with a family and you are the only working individual in the family units, you must take a job
working in a sweatshop. You did not choose to work in that job, you did what was necessary to take care of your family. Therefore, you did not have
a choice. In this light, I feel that we are harming poor in the developing world by buying products made in sweatshops. Thus, I feel sweatshops may
not be economically wrong but they are certainly morally

Key Factors Of Successful Mitigation Projects Throughout...
Problem Statement Emergency managers in the United States have it easy compared to individuals who work in the developing world. Although
challenges like limited budgets or political will may be universal problems, in places like Uganda, they are magnified. These areas are home to the
most vulnerable populations. Where poverty, little to no infrastructure or government services, and a lack of access to education, create the potential
for a disaster to inflict deviating damage. Mitigation programs have the greatest potential for reducing the impact of such events. However, unlike the
United States, these countries often times don't have the resources to establish and maintain many types of mitigation programs. As the world has
started to become a globalized community, many industrialized nations have recognized this need, and want to provide aid to these countries.
Because of the reality that this aid has its limits, and that every aid dollar is precious, it is important to be able to maximize the return on this
investment. This Research project will identify key factors of successful mitigation projects throughout the developing world in order to establish a set
of guidelines for future projects. With these guidelines, valuable time and resources will be saved and mitigation projects will have maximum impact
on the communities they serve. This is not only a way of developing low cost projects to developing nations, but it is a way of insuring that investors
in these types

Modernization and Dependency Theory
Modernization and Dependency theory
Nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which
attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between developed countries and countries of the third world. In this
respect, it is possible to refer to Modernization theory and Dependency theory which, being quite different, still have certain similarities in their views
on the modern world and relationships between developed and developing countries.
It is worthy of mention that the comparison of these theories will help better understand the current trends in international relations and the ... Show
In fact, differences between Modernization theory and Dependency theory result from the origin of Dependency theory which, as it has been already
mentioned above, was developed in response to Modernization theory. On analyzing existing differences between the two theories, first of all, it is
necessary to underline that Modernization theory views the development of the world and relationships between developed and developing countries as
the relationships of potentially equal countries which are just at a different stage of development at the moment. To put it more precisely,
Modernization theory stands on the ground that western countries are well–developed and western way of development is viewed as the most
successful and perspective while there is practically no other alternatives to this way of the development. This is why the supporters of this theory
insist on the necessity to develop the cooperation between developed and developing countries in order to make the latter closer to the former. What is
meant here is the fact that Modernization theory underlines the necessity of borrowing the experience of western countries by developing countries of
the Third world (Scott 196). Basically, developing countries should follow blindly the example of more developed western countries and this will bring
them economic, social, and

Ghan A Nation Of The Developing World
Ghana is a nation in the developing world. Ghana is continuously ranking among the top three in Africa for "freedom of speech". Ghana was the first
place in sub–Saharan Africa where Europeans arrived to trade. They traded first in gold, next in slaves. According to BBC, Ghana likewise was the first
black African nation to achieve independence from the British colonial power. Despite being rich in mineral resources, and endowed with effective
civil service. Ghana fell victim to corruption soon after their independence in 1957. Ghana's globalization include their culture, economy, and Lifestyle.
Firstly, culture in general contains religion, entertainment like art and music, language, and so on. Intensely condemned as harmful to local culture.
On 1957, Ghana became the first nation on sub–Saharan Africa to win their independence. The patriot pride fomented by this, alongside a rich cultural
heritage, has helped bind Ghana's diverse groups of people. In spite of numerous facets for Ghanaian society differ between ethnic groups, the generally
unification of the culture is perhaps one of the standout reasons Ghana has enjoyed a stable and peaceful environmental in the post–colonial time. For
religion, Ghana's populace is approximately 70 percent christian, 20 percent Muslim, and 10 percent working on traditional religions. Traditional
beliefs shift from group to group. First of all, Akan religion worships the ancestors, alongside honoring gods, goddesses and other spirits.

Health Leadership in the Developing World
Posting #3: Health leadership in the developing world
The developing world faces many critical health challenges. Addressing the multitude of concerns regarding health delivery can seem overwhelming,
and it is critical that the national leadership is able to define specific goals to improve the healthcare infrastructure of these nations and devise
targeted solutions. According to the article "Attracting and Retaining Nurse Tutors in Malawi," the nursing profession in Malawi faces a critical
shortage of nurse technicians, at a rate of up to 80 percent in certain areas (Caffrey & Frelick 2006:1). The problems in Malawi lay in the willingness
of students to enter the profession as well as a shortage of educators. Without nurse tutors to train nurse technicians, it will be a struggle to provide the
countryside with needed health services in the future.
To enhance the attractiveness of positions in the health field, enhanced salary and free housing are now offered to nursing educators by the Ministry of
Health. As a result of this program, the number of clinical instructors has increased. However, doubts remain about the long–term feasibility of this
strategy. Salaries only provide a one–term incentive for workers and "weak human resources management systems and practices hinder effectiveness
and negatively affect follow–through on the conditions of scholarships, deployment, enforcement of bonding and support for and communication with
seconded government workers" (Caffrey &

Developing Countries During World War II ( Wwii )
Trade policy in developing countries obtained major influence from the changing views in economic development, namely, inward looking and
outward looking (Moon, 1998). For about 3 decades after World War II (WWII), the trade policy of developing countries relies on inward
–looking
development. This type of development is implemented through autarky trade policies to protect country's local manufacture industry. There are so
many critics delivered during the inward looking development implementation. Then, around eighties, most of developing countries started to change
its trade policies in to more outward–looking policy. Those two policies conflicts each other's. One emphasizes the importance of the principle of
comparative advantage, campaigning free market and export oriented policies, while the other highlights to foster domestic market through Import
Substitution Industrialisation (ISI). ISI was a trade policy adopted by many developing countries before the 1980s. Two background of ISI
implementation: first, the argument that there is a secular deterioration in the international relative prices of the principal exports of developing
countries (primary commodities) and second, is infant industry argument that aimed to encourage domestic industries by protecting them from
competing imports (Duncan and Quang, 2012). It was assume that domestic industry initially could not compete with the competitors from developed
countries. Thus, import limitation was conducted through

Personal Experience: Developing World Education Through a...
Hello everyone, before I introduce myself, let me ask you a question.
If you are at the height of your corporate career, meaning earning millions and billions of dollar per year, would you walk away from your job to
dedicate your life to a social cause? Didn't think so right?. But, that is exactly what I did (casual)
At the age of 35, I quit my position as Microsoft's Director of Business Development for the Greater China Region in order to found Room to Read.
So let me tell you my story.
How many of you have trekked in the Himalayas?
A decent number of you I'm guessing, ok.
Even if you haven't I can tell you that the mountains created a beautiful vistas, but also created a lot of hardships. When you can't trade ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
So profoundly, (repeats quote)
Too poor to afford but until we have it we wil stay poor. Cause everyone of us has a grandparent or a greagreat parent who could have said the same
thing. Everyone also had an ancestor who grew up in that conditions. But then we finally universally education as economies got richer. But that is not
happening in many parts of the world today.
While the headmaster thankfully like me was an actionorientated optimist. He asked for the order, and gave me a homework assignment. He said
"Perhaps, sir, you will some day come back with books". And I got excited. I made some money at the young age, but not huge amounts. And I
thought "This is a great way to help the village of Bahundada" to take my books to give that gift to the kids.
I had this vision on day nine of the trek, and I might have had this vision in the middle of the night; coz I was drinking the local Rockshee, in 15000
feet altitude.

And my vision was very simple, it was of one of my heroes Andrew Carnegie.
Carnegie, while being known as a greedy capitalist robber baron, also redeemed himself later in life by setting up a network of over 3000 libraries
across the US, England and Scotland
Carnegie libraries were everywhere.
The ideas were simple. You would give people the hand up not the hand down that comes with education. Now being marketing guy, I wanted to be
Carnegie one better. And my goal was to be Carnegie with a

China And Indi The World 's Fastest Developing Economies...
China and India are two of the world's fastest developing economies and most populous nations on the earth. The question is whether "Chindia" is a
friend or a threat to the United States. Together these nations have attributed to prosperity, but are it beneficial or harming to others?
Chindia can pose many threats to surrounding nations and competitors. China is taking dominance as becoming the world exporter. With all of their
products they are able to offer lower prices and beating out many other industries. India is able to produce products at cheaper costs and provide cheap
labor. Their textile industry is a prime example. Many of the products needed for their textile industry are produced in their own country so little is
imported. They are able to produce products faster because the materials are local and there is no need to wait for imports. The products are
produce cheaper because of cheap labor, and there is no need for storage costs because very few goods are imported. When it comes to producing
goods cheaper, offering lower prices to the consumers, and becoming a world exporter, Chindia is the leader.
Together China and India attributed to prosperity and there are mutual economic benefits. Both countries have formed stronger economic bonds. They
have openly cooperated with one another in multi–lateral trade negotiations. As emerging economies continue to grow, there may be a further decline in
the share of world output and world exports accounted for by the

The Causes of Poverty in the Developing World Essay
The Causes of Poverty in the Developing World
Many LDCВЎВ¦s have been badly affected by wars. There have been many civil wars in Africa, caused by European empire–building in the nineteenth
century. Several African races were joined into one country, but half a race was left in another country. These countries were still artificial countries
after they achieved independence. One race was often badly treated by the ruling race, which resulted in civil war. This also happened in Europe since
the various parts of Yugoslavia were given independence. LDCВЎВ¦s also suffer from wars between different countries, such as: Ethiopia and Somalia,
Afghanistan and Russia. There are wars caused by corruption and political differences too, for example: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These natural disasters are earthquakes, floods, droughts and volcanic eruptions. Thousands of homes and acres of precious farmland can be
destroyed by an earthquake or a flood. If there is no rain, the crops will not grow unless the farmers have the wealth to sink wells, install pumps and
organise an irrigation system.
Debt
Most LDCВЎВ¦s are forced to borrow money from the banks of developed countries to survive and begin to develop. These banks charge interest, so
that a less developed country has to pay more in interest than it earns in foreign currency. In the early 70ВЎВ¦s, Chile borrowed 3.9 billion dollars. By
1982, Chile had paid 12.8 billion dollars in interest and still owed money.
The extra 9 billion dollars should have been used to speed up ChileВЎВ¦s development, but instead it went to countries that are already rich.
Cash crops
The only way for many LDCВЎВ¦s to make enough money for their debts is to grow cash crops. Cash crops are grown to be sold rather than
consumption. Cotton, Coffee, tea and tobacco are grown to sell to the developed world. Many people in LDCВЎВ¦s are starving because land is used
to grown cash crops instead of food.
World poverty concerns us all as we depend on each other. For example, if we want the Sudanese to grow cotton for our clothes, we must make sure
they have enough food to survive on.
The causes of poverty in the modern world

Here are three new and worrying causes of poverty:
вЂћh The World markets

Developing World Class Strategic Leadership Essay
Develop strategies for organisational development
Attract and retain high quality staff: It is vital that we attract and retain a globally diverse community of high quality staff at all levels with the
relevant knowledge, skills and competencies to achieve excellence in order to realise University ambitions and effectively compete in a global market.
Strategically align individual performance and development planning: Through personal learning and development all staff should fully understand
their role and have the opportunity to contribute to strategic delivery. This will be achieved through the alignment of individual performance objectives
with College/School/Research Institute/Service plans. We will provide staff with an enabling environment to realise their full potential and career
aspirations through effective talent management and succession planning.
Build leadership capacity and ensure capability development: Maximise the capability of all our staff and build leadership capacity through the
application of a comprehensive Organisational Development framework to build world class strategic leadership.
Applying equitable, flexible and fair pay and performance systems that reward excellence: A flexible and responsive approach to reward and the
ability to recognise excellence is paramount in the provision of globally competitive 'employment' packages to distinguish the University as an
'employer of choice'. Staff can expect equitable, fair and transparent pay

Developing A World Class Education System
Regional Context
Producing a world class education system to strengthen human capital and to produce the skills necessary for the citizenry, was a goal which drove
Jamaica's initiatives as they continue to strive to build strength to compete in the global economy (Davis, 2004). According to Davis (2004) to achieve
this goal the Jamaican authorities formulated a task force to assess and propose the way forward in education in their country. From the assessment, the
task force suggested a number of recommendations, one of which was the implementation of a seamless K to 12 system. This recommendation was
categorized to specifically address the issue of chronic under achievement discovered in the country's education system.
Also, the island ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such proposals are similar to those in Suriname as reported in the Suriname Education for All, National Review Report (UNESCO, 2015). Such
endeavors have been approached as a necessary measure to improve their respective education system.
Local context
One of the main international bodies that has championed the fight for equal rights for persons with disabilities and has caused Trinidad and Tobago to
embark on ambitious educational reform initiatives is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). One of their
initial benchmark in their fight for equal rights began with the Universal Declaration for Human Rights in 1948. Trinidad and Tobago joined this fight
in the years that followed and became a signatory to some of the landmark conventions and achievements of UNESCO as seen in diagram 1. The
Convention on the United Nations Rights of the child, which was ratified by Trinidad and Tobago in December 1991, includes items such as principle
5 and to a lesser extent principle 10 referring to the protection, treatment and provisions of children including those with special needs.
Trinidad and Tobago is also a signatory to the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, ratified on June 2015. This Convention aims at
addressing the numerous obstacles that hinder persons with disabilities. Article number 24 of the Convention refers to five elaborations on the issue of
education. Number 5 of Article 24 refers to

We Need Clean Drinking Water Pollution
Introduction
As the world's population is continually increasing, the amount of resources that humans are exploiting is creating an unstainable future that presents a
challenging endeavor for the world's people. Currently, the world has a population of 7.1 billion inhabitants, and by the year 2050, the world's
population is expected to reach 9 billion (Population Institute, 2010, page 2). If the estimates are correct, how can the earth supply its inhabitants with
the limited amount of resources needed for life? Perhaps it is impossible, as the world is already experiencing a water crisis. Only 20% of the world's
inhabitants have access to clean running water, while over one billion people do not have access to clean drinking water (Population Institute, 2010,
page 2). In public health, 21 of the 37 leading diseases in developing countries are related to unstable water sanitation (Population Institute, 2010, page
1). As a result, nearly 1.2 billion people inherent a greater probability to obtain a health problem by consuming unclean water (Population Institute,
2010, page 2). Currently, the water crisis is found in developing and developed countries. However, water sanitation and water scarcity is predominantly
evident in developing states. To combat such issues, many developing countries have adopted public utilities that privatize water.
By description, water privatization is given by municipal or national governments to private companies to control and maintain water

Developing World And Secondly Canada 's Responsibility Of...
This paper considers two issues: firstly, human rights in the developing world and secondly Canada's responsibility of humanitarian assistance. Both
issues are of grave importance and are mutually exclusive – as nations lacking strong human rights standards are more likely to require the greatest
humanitarian assistance. Additionally, the need for humanitarian assistance will increase as global crises become more frequent, due to climate change
insecurity (Adger, Huq, Brown, Conway & Hulme, 2003). The example of climate change will be utilised throughout this paper to explore the
disparaging links between climate justice and human rights. In defining humanitarian assistance this paper will take Jamieson's (2004) definition that
humanitarian assistance is a response to crises via support in the short term to overcome disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis. Whereas,
development assistance considers the longer term issues in developing countries. By defining the two main types of assistance this paper will propose
that greater investment into development aid may reduce the need for humanitarian aid as nations become more capable to support themselves. The
body of this paper will consider key arguments concerning humanitarian assistance and human rights, including: Canadas humanitarian response in the
developing world, the increasing need for global crisis response, human rights as a global responsibility and lastly the move from humanitarian to
development assistance. In

Developing A World Class Inclusive Education System Essay
The Special Education 2000 programme was introduced by the New Zealand Ministry of Education 1996. By introducing such a programme the
government intended to develop a world class inclusive education system. The model and aim at that stage was to reform the education system where
children with disabilities could be integrated into the mainstream education system. This would enable children with disabilities to attend their local
community schools where having the same opportunities as their siblings and friends from their community. In 1996 Lipsky & Gartner described
inclusive education as "students with disabilities having full membership in age–appropriate classes in their neighbourhood schools, with appropriate
supplementary aids and support services". In more recent years it has become evident that inclusive education should include the participation of all
students in schooling. The system had to be restructured so that the culture, policies and practices in schools can cater to the diverse needs of all
children within the community that the school is located in. Inclusive schools are based on the belief that all children can learn. They should also
respect that children are different and all differences need to acknowledged and catered to. Policies, systems and the structures within schools should be
enhanced to meet the needs of all children.
There has been a concerted effort made by the Ministry of Education and the New Zealand government to reform inclusive

Developing World 's Issue Of Poverty
Almost half of the world lives on less than $2.50. At least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day. According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die
each day due to poverty. Poverty is an ever–present issue that affects the lives of billions of people each day. There are many government subsidies
that come into impoverished areas, but does money solve the issue of poverty? No, money alone cannot solve the world's issue of poverty. In this
paper, I want to discuss the role of microfinance in the developing world. Microfinance can be done poorly, which will continue to stunt the economic
growth of an area, but if done properly microfinance can being human flourishment to a developing area. In order to take a closer look into
microfinance, I will highlight the efforts that Kiva, an online lending company, has done to improve the economic horizon for many areas of the world.
The result of scarce economic growth can have catastrophic results on a community, region, and even country. A downward spiral will be begin when
there is no growth; parents are unable to send their children to school due to a lack of money, which creates the need for the children to work to help
bring in money. Uneducated youth will then start to become a cycle that will slowly decrease the economic growth of the community due to lack of
education and the loss of upward mobility. Stunted economic growth will affect the well being of future generations. This picture of poverty is seen
throughout

Role Of The Online World On Developing Knowledge And Skills
Introduction
Most individuals are finding the online world flexible and convenient, and accurately matching their objectives and busy kind of lives. Online learning
capabilities have proliferated and have ensured vital knowledge and skills for the learners. Students can easily locate various learning programs online,
and these are always accessible and convenient for any interested party in the online fraternity. However, there are few challenges that are associated
with the online world, but the educators have provided succinct methods that can be used by learners to develop knowledge and skills that are associated
with the learning platform.
Role of the online world in developing knowledge and skills
The online world has ensured various learning capabilities that make use of communication through writing. The aspects of communication provided
have led to varied knowledge and skills that are essential for learning. The online world has instilled the discipline of patience and the skills of critical
thinking as learners communicate through discussion boards and other social media platforms. The online world has increased knowledge capabilities
on different minds as it ensures various aspects of asking questions from a varied line of resources. Human minds have been a great source of
information as members share their experiences and learning modalities with each other (Hansen, 2008).
The online world is interactive in nature, and this is an important facet that enables

Alexander The Great Was Responsible For Developing World
During the fourth century, the ancient world was rocked by a dynamic political figure from the unlikely territory of Macedon. Alexander the Great was
responsible for developing one of the largest empires the ancient world had ever witnessed. His military campaigns yielded major territorial gains
across multiple continents, earning him incredible authority and prestige up to his untimely death. With the Macedonian throne newly vacant, a power
vacuum developed as military elites sought to seize control over the empire. Known as the Successors, these individuals worked to build off of the
success of Alexander and establish their own dominion over new lands. In their time as monarchs, Alexander and the Successors were responsible for
the livelihood of numerous populations, including the Greek world. Alexander and the Successors maintained a strictly political relationship with the
Greeks as their monarchs, taking on the responsibilities the kingship demanded.
As a political figure, the ability to win loyalty was crucial to the acquisition of royal power. For this reason, it was necessary for Alexander and the
Successors to maintain amicable relations with their Greek citizens. A significant role Alexander and the Successors assumed over the Greeks was
military champions. During his military quests Alexander founded numerous cities in his name, adding to his already impressive empire. Since he was
incapable of overseeing his vast kingdom by himself, he installed satraps to

How Does Genetics Affect The Achievement Of Food Security...
7.1 Introduction
Throughout the report the focus has been on how genetics can contribute to the achievement of food security in the developing world through crop
improvement. However, there have been other non–scientific factors involved in the implementation of the science in the development context. For
certain examples such as the use of genetic science to increase the productivity in terms of yield increase of a crop (chapter 4), it could be argued that
the non–scientific factors such as governance and investment are equally important as science for the achievement of food security as one would not
work without the other. Some of the non–scientific factors mentioned were present in more than one chapter and therefore formed a key theme ... Show
He co–leads a research group which investigates the genomics and evolution of the plants and animals with a focus on crops and has experience
working on projects in collaboration with developing countries (recently in Ethiopia).
I have therefore looked at the potential of genetics to meet various aspects of the SDG goal, and used that analysis to identify a number of
non–scientific factors associated with the potential of the science to make a significant impact. I have then, in turn, used that analysis to design a
semi–structured interview with Professor Heslop–Harrison. This chapter will therefore discuss the various themes that have emerged including an
analysis of those of the chapters, along with insight provided by an expert in the field of agricultural plant science.
FACTORS & THEMES
The factors and themes in this chapter have come from the issues identified in the conclusion of the various chapters, as well as targets 2.a, 2b.c and
2.c of SDG–2. These factors/ themes are therefore the outcome of my thoughts and the work carried out so far in the project.
7.3 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL FACTORS
1. Governance & Investments
Target 2.a focuses on the importance of investing inagriculture in terms of rural infrastructure, agricultural research and technology (including gene
banks) to increase agricultural productivity capacity, especially in least developed countries. This target is

Foreign Aids And The Third World Developing Countries Essay
Introduction:
As a developing countries Bangladesh can not meet its all demand by own economic ability so it takes foreign aid for implementing its
development purposes. It has got foreign aid for its several development issues like Jamuna and Padma Bridge. Not only structural development is
implemented by foreign aid but also several long term policy and projects are done by it. But the effectiveness of foreign aids to the third world
developing countries like Bangladesh is a controversial issue. Liberal economists argue that aids both in the form of grants and loans can play vital
role to the development of any country, if it is channeled through proper biding and use effectively to the development projects. In contrary of that, aid
causes debt entrapment, dependency, domination etc. to the third world country like Bangladesh.
Some scholars like Jeffrey Sachs, Joseph Stiglitz, Nicholas Stern have argued that although aid has sometime failed, it has supported poverty reduction
and growth in some countries, but critics such as Milton Friedman, Peter Bauer, William easterly have argued that aid has enlarged government
bureaucracies, perpetuated bad governments, enriched the elite in the poor country or just been wasted.
Foreign aid both grants and loans has impacts on the economy of Bangladesh. It contributes to the development works like bridge, roads, highways,
infrastructural works etc. Though prime focus of aid is economic development, aid has contributed to governance,

Discuss the view that urbanisation in both the developed...
Discuss the view that urbanisation in both the developed and the developing world is unsustainable (40marks)
Urbanisation is the process in which people move from a rural area to an urban area. Levels of urbanisation are determined by looking at both the
population of rural and urban areas. For the first time ever in history more people live in urban areas than in rural areas. This movement shows no
sign of stopping with a predicted 1.84% increase in people living in urban areas expected between 2015 and 2020. And this disparity in rural–urban
growth can be a really damaging element if the urban areas of a country aren't prepared for the influx of people.
This imbalance can certainly lead to unsustainability; not just in the developing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This meant that slum housing and cheap terraced housing was built and factories were situated near the houses in various inner city areas. This can be
seen in British cities such as Manchester, Leeds and Newcastle.
On the other hand, developing nations face more problems in coping with the surge in urban population. They can be unprepared for the sheer
amount of inward migrants or lack funds to properly support and educate the new residents. Their urbanisation has happened in more recent years;
and some may argue that it has occurred a lot faster than it did with their developed counterparts. This speed is most likely due to the technological
age that we live in and the ease of travel that exists in many developing nations. Unlike the urbanisation that happened in Europe circa 1800, the
migrants that are flocking to urban areas don't need many particular skills and the work is low paid both in and out of cities. The city offers a better
prospects to migrants than the fields do, and that is the prime reason why anyone would move.
There are inevitable problems that arise with a densely populated urban area. One of these is the issue of waste management. Countries cope with this
issue in various ways, some of the solutions are not available to developing countries to the high cost of them.
In a developed country such as the United Kingdom, there are laws in place that encourage and inforce an 'eco–friendly' attitude towards waste disposal.
Sending millions of tonnes of

Гўв‚¬Вў Explain The Importance Of Globalization In The...
The increasing interdependence of world economies affects the standards of living greatly, but it can affect it positively. The standard of living is a
measure of access people have to goods and services across the world. Quality of life is the conditions in peoples lives which is perspective. This paper
will explain the importance of globalization in the developing world and how it can lead to open markets, taking millions out of extreme poverty and
overall improving the standard of living across the world.
In the globalizing world, all the jobs held by an individual country, on their own, have gone across the globe to countries such as Bangladesh. An
example of outsourcing is one company such as Telus, hiring another in the Philippines,

Business Communication : Developing Leaders For A...
In a society where technology grows exponentially, the amount of information available is practically endless. Whether one needs to know
ingredients to a recipe, or cures to an illness, the Internet has an answer. The simplicity of the Internet, however comes with a major drawback: the
quality of the data. In Peter Cardon's book Business Communication: Developing Leaders for a Networked World, he explains that there are five main
components that one should consider in evaluating quality data: reliability, relevance, adaptability, expertise, and biases. The five data sources I chose
were the Wall Street Journal, CNN, Fox News, JSTOR, and Seth's blog. The primary reason these sources attract me are for their political and economic
information. My primary source would be the Wall Street Journal. I read it for its economic and political issues. This source has been proven to be
reliable. The newspaper is the most circulated in the United States, and the twelfth most popular globally. For the most part, any source that is
recognized on a national and global level is thought as being reliable. The newspaper is published six days a week, and therefore "current."
I would also consider Fox News and CNN reliable sources. This again can be accredited to their popularity. That does not mean that popularity equals
reliability, but can often times be the case. The reason that popularity and high ranking have a purpose here is due to the seriousness of the subject
matter. These news

Developing Countries in the World Trade in Agriculture:...
Developing Countries in the World Trade in Agriculture: Bangladesh Perspective.
1.Introduction.
Agriculture directly or indirectly, is the main source of livelihood of most of the people all over the world. It provides a considerable portion of the
national GDP of all developing countries and for the poor countries it provides the main portion of GDP. However, the World Trade Organisation
(WTO) is the key organisation for controlling the world trading system and of which agriculture is one of the key concerns. The WTO Agreement on
Agriculture (AoA) is the sole instrument controlling the world trade in agriculture and agricultural products.
The object of the agreement is to "establish a fair and market–oriented ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recognising that their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavour should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring
full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, developing the full use of the resources of the world
and expanding the production and exchange of goods.
However, among all of the principles embodied in the said instrument some majors were, General Most–Favoured–Nation Treatment, National
Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation, Freedom of Transit, Anti
–dumping and Countervailing Duties, Valuation for Customs Purposes, Fees
and Formalities connected with Importation and Exportation, Marks of Origin, Publication and Administration of Trade Regulations, General
Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions, Restrictions to Safeguard, Exceptions to the Rule of Non–discrimination, Subsidies, Governmental
Assistance to Economic Development, etc. These principles were the rules to regulate the international trade.
In addition, the GATT, 1947 had lack of a strong mechanism in case of any violation of the rules embodied here. There was no dispute settlement
authority which would

Poor And Developing Countries All Over The World Have...
Poor and developing countries all over the world have health problems and are in major need of medical help. Sending aid to the countries seems
like a logical solution to the problem, and can have benefits if used properly. Medical aid is any donation or service to help improve a situation by an
organization or donor government. Eran Bendavid, an assistant professor in the Division of General Medicine Disciplines at Stanford University found
that "Foreign aid for health care is directly linked to an increase in life expectancy and a decrease in child mortality in developing countries." Family
planning services have been known to give women social confidence and educate them on contraception methods. When more developed countries
support the poorer areas it builds strategic alliances between governments. Although donated medical aid appears flawless and successful, some
attempts at solutions have not been as prosperous. Most donations of medical technologies have proved to be inefficient, and lead to clutter and
electrical problems in hospitals. Another problem is using more land for medical development and that can lead to major environmental problems.
Even though governments in these poor countries are trying to help, they are many times in debt and have to rely on other countries for medical aid.
Medical aid can help improve countries' overall health, but to what extent are the countries actually being helped?
Organizations try to help developing countries by sending

Patent Strategies Like Evergreening Differently Impact The...
By: Anuradha Prasad
Patent strategies like evergreening differently impact the developing world. The practice of evergreening not just refer to extending the original patent,
but also includes strategies and practices used to protect a cluster of related, but unoriginal, technologies through the filing of secondary applications.
This contributes to increased medical costs by keeping lower–cost generic alternatives out of the marketplace. This chapter gives an overview of the
evergreening strategies that are employed by branded pharmaceutical companies as a tactic to bypass existing patent laws and limit generic competition
in the marketplace. The frequency of such strategies demands strong patent interpretations that are protective of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Taking the advantage of this existing loophole in patent law, patent applications for the developments or modifications is not just filed by the original
product developer but also by other companies including generic companies. One the one hand the branded companies advertise to customers their
brand value and reliability, and on the other hand they try to cast generics negatively on the basis of poor replication, or unsatisfactory testing before
commercial production of the original formula. However, the argument put forth by branded companies is that they enable the development of a
non–infringing competitor product thereby channeling "designing around" the patent.
A monopoly right that is suitably limited is vital in helping preserve the policy underlying the Patent Act of promoting innovation while still allowing
the intellectual property to enter the public domain.
II.EVERGREENING STRATEGIES
A.DELAY THE LAUNCH OF GENERIC PRODUCTS/ 30 MONTH PERIOD OF STAY PROVISION
In US, innovator drug companies have been able to use provisions of the Hatch Waxman Amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act,
1984 to delay or restrict the launch of generic competitor products. The innovator pharmaceutical company has been allegedly using the listing of
additional patents in the 'Orange Book ' to try to benefit from

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