The document summarizes a study on women entrepreneurs in Chennai, India. It finds that the top motivations for women to start businesses are the desire to be independent (80%) and to earn more money (55.5%). However, women entrepreneurs face many constraints, including social attitudes, lack of support, financing difficulties, and management challenges. The study analyzes the development of women's entrepreneurship in Chennai and the factors influencing their success and growth.
Women entrepreneurs’ play an important role in local economies and a large percentage of micro -
enterprises in developing countries are undertaken
by women. Rural women frequently have primary responsibility for agricultural production, in addition to domes
tic responsibilities and childcare. In developing country like India where economic status of women is very
pathetic especially in rural areas and opportunities of earning are very less in this scenario the Self Help Groups (SHGs) have paved the way for economic independence of rural women. This paper reviews concisely the literature in
this field and addresses in particular opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in rural areas. It examined the impact on women empowerment through micro entrepreneurship development and SHGs.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA: PRESENT STATUS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTSMichael George
“No war can be fought without the help of the better half of our society”. Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society or a country. The term “Women Entrepreneurship” refers to an act of business ownership and business creation that empowers women economically increases their economic strength & position in society. Despite all the social hurdles, Indian women stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their contributions to their respective field and the economy as a whole. The hidden entrepreneurial potential of women has gradually been changing their role and economic status in the society. Women are increasingly being conscious of their existence & their rights. However, New Industrial policy of 2009-14 and other schemes are helping the women entrepreneurs in the form of generation of employment, income and to improve their social status. Women leaders are Risk takers, opportunist, innovator, flexible, ambitious, enthusiastic, and hard-working. They need to be lauded for their increased utilization of modern technology, increased investment, finding a niche in the expect market, creating a sizable employment for others and setting the trend for other woman entrepreneurs in the organized sector. The study analyses their present status, reasons that have prompted them to unleash their entrepreneurial energies into start-ups and the different challenges faced by them. The study finally concludes to what extents the various support systems in India can further foster a conducive ecosystem for them.
Designing "Women Entrepreneurship" Programs Community of Practice Session - U...Rami Al-Karmi
Slides used during the "Designing Women Entrepreneurship" Community of Practice Session - by USAID Takamol Gender Program to USAID implementing partners at ZAIN Innovation Campus.
Meaning, definition, Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurship,Women entrepreneurs may be defined as a woman or a group of women who initiate, organise and run a business concern., A woman with a passion for becoming an entrepreneur should try to develop the above mentioned traits, cross the hurdles with a determined mind and she is sure to have a successful tomorrow., Indian Women Entrepreneurs Characters
Women entrepreneurs’ play an important role in local economies and a large percentage of micro -
enterprises in developing countries are undertaken
by women. Rural women frequently have primary responsibility for agricultural production, in addition to domes
tic responsibilities and childcare. In developing country like India where economic status of women is very
pathetic especially in rural areas and opportunities of earning are very less in this scenario the Self Help Groups (SHGs) have paved the way for economic independence of rural women. This paper reviews concisely the literature in
this field and addresses in particular opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in rural areas. It examined the impact on women empowerment through micro entrepreneurship development and SHGs.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA: PRESENT STATUS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTSMichael George
“No war can be fought without the help of the better half of our society”. Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society or a country. The term “Women Entrepreneurship” refers to an act of business ownership and business creation that empowers women economically increases their economic strength & position in society. Despite all the social hurdles, Indian women stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their contributions to their respective field and the economy as a whole. The hidden entrepreneurial potential of women has gradually been changing their role and economic status in the society. Women are increasingly being conscious of their existence & their rights. However, New Industrial policy of 2009-14 and other schemes are helping the women entrepreneurs in the form of generation of employment, income and to improve their social status. Women leaders are Risk takers, opportunist, innovator, flexible, ambitious, enthusiastic, and hard-working. They need to be lauded for their increased utilization of modern technology, increased investment, finding a niche in the expect market, creating a sizable employment for others and setting the trend for other woman entrepreneurs in the organized sector. The study analyses their present status, reasons that have prompted them to unleash their entrepreneurial energies into start-ups and the different challenges faced by them. The study finally concludes to what extents the various support systems in India can further foster a conducive ecosystem for them.
Designing "Women Entrepreneurship" Programs Community of Practice Session - U...Rami Al-Karmi
Slides used during the "Designing Women Entrepreneurship" Community of Practice Session - by USAID Takamol Gender Program to USAID implementing partners at ZAIN Innovation Campus.
Meaning, definition, Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurship,Women entrepreneurs may be defined as a woman or a group of women who initiate, organise and run a business concern., A woman with a passion for becoming an entrepreneur should try to develop the above mentioned traits, cross the hurdles with a determined mind and she is sure to have a successful tomorrow., Indian Women Entrepreneurs Characters
the women are creating a new world where they can say that yes we are the one who also start there business and become a successful entrepreneur or start up..
The Story Exchange presents “The Passionate & Purposeful,” list of stand-out women entrepreneurs who have turned their passions and desires for purpose beyond themselves into successful, impactful organizations.
Women Entrepreneurs and Social Entrepreneurs (of Nepal)Smriti Shrestha
List out some of Nepali Social Entrepreneurs, Women Entrepreneurs, Social Enterprises and Entrepreneurial journey of Laxmi Sharma(1st Tempo Driver of Nepal).
Entrepreneurial motivation is the process of transforming an ordinary individual to a powerful businessman, who can create opportunities and helps in maximizing wealth and economic development. It is defined as various factors stimulate desires and activates enthusiasm in entrepreneurs which make them attain a particular goal. Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying strengths and opportunities which help in the realization of one’s dreams for designing, developing and running a new business by facing threats and risks effectively.
Internal factors
External factors
Need for self-actualization
Optimism
Positive attitude
Self-motivation
Enthusiasm
Women entrepreneurship, the Nigerian police officers wives context.iyke ezeugo
Women entrepreneurship, the Nigerian police officers wives context is presentation by Iyke Ezeugo, the Brekete Family Consultant in Business Development and Strategy. The presentation was at women empowerment workshop organized in September 2015 for the Nigerian Police Officers’ wives by Mrs. Patience Inalegwu, the wife of the FCT Commissioner of Police, Mr. Wilson Inalegwu. This paper is focused on inspiring and motivating women (particularly Nigerian Police Officers’ wives) to imbibe the spirit of entrepreneurship for enhancing their economic powers with the aim of helping them to become economic independence through engagement in lawful business activities to support their families. It was an interactive workshop, emphases were laid on the need to carefully observe your environment for services /products'' supply gaps and the business opportunities these create for entrepreneurial activities. Also, the challenges of dealing with business failure and overcoming the attendant frustrations were dealt with in addition to overcoming the issues of lack of capital or where to start from.
The Indian Cosmetics Industry is defined as skin care, hair care, color cosmetics, fragrances and oral care segments which stood at an estimated $2.5 billion in 2008 and is expected to grow at 7%, according to an analysis of the sector. Today herbal cosmetics industry is driving growth in the beauty business in India and is expected to grow at a rate of 7% as more people shun chemical products in favor of organic ones.
the women are creating a new world where they can say that yes we are the one who also start there business and become a successful entrepreneur or start up..
The Story Exchange presents “The Passionate & Purposeful,” list of stand-out women entrepreneurs who have turned their passions and desires for purpose beyond themselves into successful, impactful organizations.
Women Entrepreneurs and Social Entrepreneurs (of Nepal)Smriti Shrestha
List out some of Nepali Social Entrepreneurs, Women Entrepreneurs, Social Enterprises and Entrepreneurial journey of Laxmi Sharma(1st Tempo Driver of Nepal).
Entrepreneurial motivation is the process of transforming an ordinary individual to a powerful businessman, who can create opportunities and helps in maximizing wealth and economic development. It is defined as various factors stimulate desires and activates enthusiasm in entrepreneurs which make them attain a particular goal. Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying strengths and opportunities which help in the realization of one’s dreams for designing, developing and running a new business by facing threats and risks effectively.
Internal factors
External factors
Need for self-actualization
Optimism
Positive attitude
Self-motivation
Enthusiasm
Women entrepreneurship, the Nigerian police officers wives context.iyke ezeugo
Women entrepreneurship, the Nigerian police officers wives context is presentation by Iyke Ezeugo, the Brekete Family Consultant in Business Development and Strategy. The presentation was at women empowerment workshop organized in September 2015 for the Nigerian Police Officers’ wives by Mrs. Patience Inalegwu, the wife of the FCT Commissioner of Police, Mr. Wilson Inalegwu. This paper is focused on inspiring and motivating women (particularly Nigerian Police Officers’ wives) to imbibe the spirit of entrepreneurship for enhancing their economic powers with the aim of helping them to become economic independence through engagement in lawful business activities to support their families. It was an interactive workshop, emphases were laid on the need to carefully observe your environment for services /products'' supply gaps and the business opportunities these create for entrepreneurial activities. Also, the challenges of dealing with business failure and overcoming the attendant frustrations were dealt with in addition to overcoming the issues of lack of capital or where to start from.
The Indian Cosmetics Industry is defined as skin care, hair care, color cosmetics, fragrances and oral care segments which stood at an estimated $2.5 billion in 2008 and is expected to grow at 7%, according to an analysis of the sector. Today herbal cosmetics industry is driving growth in the beauty business in India and is expected to grow at a rate of 7% as more people shun chemical products in favor of organic ones.
Women play a pivotal role in accelerating the socio-economic development of a country and thereby
contribute towards the upliftment of the living standard of its people. An entrepreneur is a creator or a designer
who designs new ideas and processes of business as per the requirements of market and bears all types of risks
involved in an enterprise, organizes various inputs or factors of production and innovates news ideas, concepts,
strategies and methodology in business from time to time. The present paper aims to examine the impediments
faced by women entrepreneurs and study schemes and initiatives undertaken by the government of India for the
betterment of women entrepreneurs.
Challenging Factors of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in West BengalNabarun Chakraborty
This study unfolds the significance of various
factors of women entrepreneurship in West Bengal. It also intends to explore some
measures that can be taken to uplift the women entrepreneurship.
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON ...IAEME Publication
Women’s participation in the economic sphere is increasing day by day. This study was conducted to assess the socio economic factors that affect the development of women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappali district. This study is descriptive in nature and mainly primary data is used for this article but to some extent secondary types of data were also incorporated. To execute this research, 120 respondents were taken using simple random sampling. The collected data was analyzed by using both descriptive and analytical procedures. After coding and organizing the data, statistical package for social sciences (SPSS .20) software was used to analyze further cleaning. Data analysis showed that economic and technological factors had positive impact upon women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappali district than other social and cultural factors. Hence it is recommended that government and other financial institutions should work with NGOs to strengthen women’s socio economic development through imparting skill training, business oriented information and advising on services.
IMPACT OF PROBLEMS ON THE SUCCESS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAEME Publication
In recent years, the study and research of women entrepreneurship and their problems and challenges has increased noticeably. Women Entrepreneurship is considered to be an effective instrument for the economic empowerment of the women. Women in India remained economically undeveloped for many decades. Despite number of measures and incentives taken by the government of India the women entrepreneurs are not increasing at a greater rate. This is due to some practical problems in the process of entrepreneurship by women. This paper presents a systematic analysis on how the problems faced by women entrepreneur has an impact on their success
Role of Financial Institutions for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship ...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurship as an factor of economic development is now recognized. A number of financial institutions provide support to women entrepreneurs for their innovative and imaginative scheme of activities aimed at skill development for income and employment generation in different sectors. Besides, the society should also facilitate the growth of women by recognizing their talents and abilities. There has been a substantial growth in womens involvement in the economic activities all over the world over the past few decades. For this both the government and non-government agencies have to play a vital role. Despite the efforts of governmental and non-governmental organizations, the women entrepreneurs are facing many problems. It has been pointed out by many research studies that more than 70% of the problems faced by the women entrepreneurship are related with credit. Financial institutions have historically viewed women entrepreneurs as more doubtful preposition than men entrepreneurs.Today there is a greater development among women. If given the opportunity, they will deliver the outcome. It is therefore essential to encourage educated young women to entrepreneurial streams with financial, technical and scientific assistance. Hence, an integrated approach is necessary for making the movement of women entrepreneurship a success. Governmental and Non-governmental organizations should make more focused and directed efforts, and initiate specific programmes for women entrepreneurship development. Entrepreneurial development programmes should train, motivate, enhance and shape-up individual skills of women having market potential. The EDPs and MDPs can become a vital link for harnessing huge and unused human skills to channelize them towards accelerating the gender mainstreaming and position women entrepreneur on equivalence with men entrepreneurs. Dr. N. Rajendhiran | M. Kousalya Devi"Role of Financial Institutions for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7095.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/7095/role-of-financial-institutions-for-the-development--of-women-entrepreneurship-in-india/dr-n-rajendhiran
The 1st International Women Entrepreneurship and Leadership Summit (WEL) was held on 4-5 June 2009 in Istanbul, which proved to be one of the most comprehensive summits held in Turkey. The Summit offered new visions and fresh opinions on women’s entrepreneurship and leadership.
The primary objective of the present study is to identify the constraints and problems faced by women entrepreneurs while starting and managing their enterprise in Jodhpur district of western Rajasthan. Women entrepreneurs in manufacturing, trading and servicing sector were selected .100 samples were selected through simple random sampling. Primary data was collected through interview schedule. Data collected was suitably tabulated and analyzed and further conclusions were drawn. This paper also suggests some measures on the part of government and other organizations supporting the growth of women entrepreneurship. Suggestions are also given for existing and potential women entrepreneurs.
ISBN 6 A study on Issues and Government support for the development of women ...Dr UMA K
Dr. UMA K “A study on Issues and Government support for the development of women entrepreneurs”, in the Journal of “Gender Sensitization: Equality and opportunities”, in one day national level seminar organized by Maharani’s women commerce and Management College, Mysuru-570012, ISBN: 978-81-940092-2-1, held on 27th February 2020, pp.1-122.
Motivating Women Enterpreneurship in India: The Headwy towards a Prosperous E...professionalpanorama
Women are not only the perfect home makers but also the perfect business makers
in today's dynamic world. Now the Indian women have become the trendsetters in
almost all the crucial areas contributing to productivity. They have become an integral
part of the nation's economic and social well being. This research paper attempts
to induce one of the most contemporary issue in today's scenario and that is of
encouraging and establishing more and more Indian women to become successful
entrepreneurs in the business world. The research paper also highlights about the
schemes provided by the Government of India for motivating women so as to prove
their calibre. It will also shed light on the various challenges that come in the way
of women when they try to fulfil their dreams of becoming the same. In the most
straight forward terms, gender inequality had been prevailed in India from the ancient
times but as the time has moved on, the footing of men and women has changed
to a notably large extent with educating and empowering the girls and women of
our country. Whenever women have got a chance they have proved themselves. The
list by no means is an exhaustive one. Whether she is a "queen bee of biotech Kiran
Mazumdar Shaw, "small screen diva Ekta Kapoor, "face of facebook Kirthiga Reddy,
"Iron & Steel Lady Savitri Jindal or "queen of finance Chanda Kochhar. With respect
to current work place scenario, much has been done and much is being required
to be done for women. Definitely when we motivate and recognize a woman, we are
heading towards a bright and a booming economy.
Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs With Special Reference to the Thane Dis...ijtsrd
Womens entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon that is slowly developing as society becomes more aware of the duties, responsibilities, and economic status of women in general and the family in particular. A woman entrepreneur is a person who takes on difficult responsibilities in order to fulfil her personal wants and achieve financial independence. Many women possess this quality, but because they were never given the chance to show off their skills, they are unaware of their true potential. Starting and running a business is extremely risky and challenging for women business owners because, historically, women in Indian society have always been seen as inferior to men. This has changed as womens educational levels have increased and as society has become more aware of the importance of women in society. By engaging in a variety of professions and services, women have been effective in escaping the confines of their homes. In terms of business savvy, women entrepreneurs have demonstrated parity with their male colleagues, and they are emerging as intelligent and innovative businesspeople. The economies of practically all nations are seeing significant growth in the number of women owned companies. With increased awareness of womens roles and economic standing in society, the latent entrepreneurial potentials of women have slowly changed. Women are increasingly entering the business world for a variety of reasons, chief among them being skill, expertise, and adaptability. Women Entrepreneur refers to a person who takes on demanding roles in order to meet her own requirements and achieve financial independence. Despite the fact that the government has organised women into several associations, they are not yet prepared to start their own business. Women are less inclined to create businesses than men are because of unwarranted fears, a lack of motivation, and certain types of activities. This paper attempts to look into the issues and difficulties that women business owners in Thane District encounter. Surabhi Gupta | Prof. Dr. S. B. Sawant "Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs: With Special Reference to the Thane District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54025.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/54025/problems-faced-by-women-entrepreneurs-with-special-reference-to-the-thane-district/surabhi-gupta
Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs With Special Reference to the Thane Dis...ijtsrd
Womens entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon that is slowly developing as society becomes more aware of the duties, responsibilities, and economic status of women in general and the family in particular. A woman entrepreneur is a person who takes on difficult responsibilities in order to fulfil her personal wants and achieve financial independence. Many women possess this quality, but because they were never given the chance to show off their skills, they are unaware of their true potential. Starting and running a business is extremely risky and challenging for women business owners because, historically, women in Indian society have always been seen as inferior to men. This has changed as womens educational levels have increased and as society has become more aware of the importance of women in society. By engaging in a variety of professions and services, women have been effective in escaping the confines of their homes. In terms of business savvy, women entrepreneurs have demonstrated parity with their male colleagues, and they are emerging as intelligent and innovative businesspeople. The economies of practically all nations are seeing significant growth in the number of women owned companies. With increased awareness of womens roles and economic standing in society, the latent entrepreneurial potentials of women have slowly changed. Women are increasingly entering the business world for a variety of reasons, chief among them being skill, expertise, and adaptability. Women Entrepreneur refers to a person who takes on demanding roles in order to meet her own requirements and achieve financial independence. Despite the fact that the government has organised women into several associations, they are not yet prepared to start their own business. Women are less inclined to create businesses than men are because of unwarranted fears, a lack of motivation, and certain types of activities. This paper attempts to look into the issues and difficulties that women business owners in Thane District encounter. Surabhi Gupta | Prof. Dr. S. B. Sawant "Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs: With Special Reference to the Thane District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54025.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/54025/problems-faced-by-women-entrepreneurs-with-special-reference-to-the-thane-district/surabhi-gupta
Similar to Success and growth of women entreprenrus in (20)
2. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
motivational forces and performance both quantitatively as well as qualitatively. This
work aimed at understanding the entrepreneurial development among women is a unique
attempt for highlighting their existing status and contribution in the national economy.
Kumuda Ranjan’s study (1993) on “Women and Modern Occupation in India” presents
the emerging status of women in contemporary Indian Society at grass root level and
enquiry into social origin and adjustment of women employed in different occupations.
Sanjay Tiwari and Anshuja Tiwari (2007) commented that women are the nuclei of a
nation and they are the real builders and moulders of a nation’s destiny. Nil Kumar
(2007) throws light to the fact that the problem of unemployment, regional imbalances,
inequality in the distribution of income and wealth can be sorted out by providing
training to the people of the country for self employment. S. Santha (2008) stated that any
strategy aimed at economic development will be lop-sided without involving women who
constitute half the world population.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To discuss the development of women entrepreneurs in Chennai.
2. To highlight the main factors which motivates the women entrepreneurs
3. To study the major constraints faced by the women entrepreneurs.
4. To analyze the guidance received by the women entrepreneurs.
METHODOLOGY
The primary data was collected from women entrepreneurs using structured
questionnaire. The entrepreneurs were drawn using non-probability sampling design
based on quota-cum-convenience sampling method. The collected data has been
tabulated and analyzed using simple percentage test.
Sample: 450 women entrepreneurs were selected from Chennai city to study and
evaluate their motivating factors, the constraints faced by them and the guidance received
by them.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP- A CONCEPTUAL STUDY
Who are Entrepreneurs? And what is Entrepreneurship? Well many people define it in
many ways based on their perspective. But in short and simple term we can say that
„Entrepreneurs are both risk taker and wealth creator”. While many of them fall on the
way side, some of them create enormous wealth for them as well. And entrepreneurship
is a process undertaken by entrepreneurs to augment his business interest, involving
innovation and creativity that will go towards establishing an enterprise. Entrepreneurs
through creation of wealth, is a major means for development. Hence entrepreneurship
development has been one of the priorities in countries world over. Well the concept of
entrepreneurship was first established in the early 1700 s.The term “entrepreneurship”
comes from the French verb “entrepredre” and the German word “unternehmen”, both
means to “undertake”. Bygrave and Hofer in 1891 defined the entrepreneurial process as
„involving all the functions, activities and actions associated with perceiving of
opportunities and creations of organizations to pursue them Joseph Schumpeter
introduced the modern definition of entrepreneurship in 1934.According to
Schumpeter, “the carrying out of new combinations we call “enterprises”, and the
“individuals whose function it is to carry them out we call “entrepreneurs”. Schumpeter
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3. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
tied entrepreneurship to the creation of five basic “new combinations” namely:
introduction of new product, introduction of new method of production, opening of a new
market, the conquest of a new source of supply and carrying out of a new organization of
industry. Peter Drucker proposed that „entrepreneurship is a practice, and it means that
entrepreneurship is not a state of being nor is it characterized by making plans that are not
acted upon. Entrepreneurship begins with action, creation of new organization. This
organization may or may not become self-sustaining and in fact, may never earn
significant revenues. But, when individuals create a new organization, they have entered
the entrepreneurship paradigm.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN CHENNAI CITY
Over the past few decades the sex role of women has been breaking the barriers of four
walls. Today the roles of women are not confined to the traditional on as a
mother/housewife. The role of modern women is much more than, what it was
previously. However even after the 61 years of India’s independence the bias against
women continues because of the cultural and traditional mores, which has affected lot on
the female status and role. A woman has to play multiple roles. Besides playing the role
of housewife/mother/daughter, she has to play different roles in community in the social
settings simultaneously. Playing all the roles, women sometimes submerged her own self-
role and her own real identity.
According to Gangte (2011), “ In Chennai society, women can be categorized
into three groups – 1) educated and employed; 2) educated and unemployed; 3)
uneducated. The last group are mostly the ones which set up small enterprises to sustain
themselves and their families. Although, becoming an entrepreneur did arouse a little
dilemma in many Chennai women who have the potentialities for becoming one.
However, to earn quick money was the basic reason for women to start entrepreneurship.
MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS BEHIND SETTING UP OF ENTERPRISES
Setting up an enterprise is not an easy job for women entrepreneurs in Chennai
city. At the same time running the enterprise is a greater task. A challenge is always there
for these women entrepreneurs to run their enterprise successfully earning profit and
ensuring the growth of the enterprises which will severely test their entrepreneurial skill
and survival of the unit. Despite various odds against them, several women are off to run
their own enterprises.
Table 1
Motivational factors of No. of Women Percentag
women entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs e
Motivational Factors
Desire to be independent 360 80%
Earning more money 250 55.5%
To prove oneself 179 39.7%
Better status in the society 90 20%
To utilize own skill 179 39.7%
To contribute to employment 398 88.4%
Influenced by success stories 23 5.1%
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ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
From the above table it clearly shows that desire to be independent is the most
important motivational factor behind the setting up of enterprises by women
entrepreneurs. Next important motivational factor is to earn more money so that they can
afford a higher standard of living. Better status in the society is the next important
motivational factor behind setting up of enterprises in the state by women community.
But to some other entrepreneurs they set up their enterprise only to utilize their own skill
and help in imparting their knowledge to others so that others can learn and set up their
own enterprise and to help them in earning money to have a proper stand in life.
MAJOR CONSTRAINTS FACED BY WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Even though there has been a considerable increased in the number of women
entering in entrepreneurial activity, they are being introduced to many constraints and
difficulties with regard to control and decision making, social status and enthusiasm in
the product or serviced in which they are dealing. It is found that women are entering
more in this venture as compared to man to start their own business to make social
contribution in addition to desire of exploring their inner self and fulfilling their means of
livelihood. The following Table 2, reveals the various constrains faced by Women
Entrepreneurs in Chennai
Table 2 CONSTRAINTS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENERUS IN CHENNAI CITY
SI.NO. DIFFERENT PROBLEMS NO.OF.WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURS OUTOF50%
1 Social attitude and support 26 50
2 Marketing 26 52
3 Finance 18 52
4 Management 20 68
5 Scarcity of raw material 30 60
6 Motivating factors 25 90
7 Standard of technology 11 66
8 Transportation 25 50
9 Power 14 56
10 Telecommunication 20 90
Social Attitude and Support
The society plays a prominent role in entrepreneurial venture and success. Many
researchers have been conducted to study the attitude and support to women
entrepreneurs across the region. Some research conclude that, women received strong
support from their social environment which she may have built either due to start up
types requiring more social support or hesitation to enter the business formation forces.
Our society is a male dominated society and women are treated as dependant on man, the
social support is key determinant in entrepreneurial establishment. The most common
problem which a woman faced is the no-cooperation from her husband or close family
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5. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
members. Besides, these family related hurdles, women too faced other problems like
mobility constraints, dual responsibility, low managing ability, risk bearing ability etc.
Marketing
On the other hand women in Chennai city face marketing challenges in the form of
competition from cheaper and substitute product, delayed payment and liberal credit
terms. Women entrepreneurs neither have knowledge nor access to proper market, thus
they sell their product through the middle man. This middle man exploits them and
entrepreneur received for price than desired even if the demand of product is high.
Finance : Finance is a critical resource for venture creation. It is very important that
women entrepreneurs have adequate knowledge and information of the various financial
institutions which are rendering financial incentives and many other help for the women
entrepreneurs in the region. Women entrepreneurs in Chennai lacks financial skills as
they did not understand hidden costs and anticipate appropriate cash requirement. They
have to depend on own saving as the lending practices of banks and government funding
agencies are believed to be restrictive and unfriendly to women. Normally banks are
blamed for not financing women. Banks don’t have doubt on women capability as they
do not consider gender while financing but they place high premium on security of
principal and interest amount that is why they take mortgage on bank finance. The
various sources of finance for the women entrepreneurs in setting up their enterprises are
shown in the following table.
Table 3 VARIOUS SOURCES OF FINANCE
SI.NO. VARIOUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
SECTORs
1. Bank loan 4 8
2. Borrowed from money - -
lenders
3. Borrowed from friend - -
4. Owned money 32 64
5. Bank loan as well as own 9 18
money
6. Bank loan + own money+ 3 6
borrowed from others 3
7. Borrowed from friends + 2 4
own money
Total 50 100
From the above table it can be seen that women entrepreneurs in the state mostly
depends on their owned money i.e. 64% for setting up their enterprises followed by bank
loan plus own money 18%. Women entrepreneurs in the state does not have the tendency
of borrowing from others as they don’t have any security to give and oftentimes the
borrowed money also carry high rate of interest.
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6. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
Operational: Women entrepreneur in India not only struggle at the time of
establishment of enterprises but at operation stage also, they have lots to overcome with
different functional difficulties. Usually women faced two fold operational problems.
One she has to overcome with problems of production process like, scarcity of raw
material, lack of technical skills, lack of utilities and infrastructure facility.
Management Problem: It is normally believed that women have low managerial skill.
But in fact women are stronger in more logic based skills though they are weaker in self
promotion and handling frustration. The increasing number of female students and their
excellent performance in management education is a proof to the fact. They don’t lack
Interdisciplinary managerial skills but they have less promotional stability which they
need to improve upon it. In Chennai out of 50 women entrepreneurs, 52% of them face
this management problem.
Mobility Constraints: Women in India have got restricted mobility, our society is a
conservative society, the career of women was limited to four walls of kitchen. Although
now, women have got relatively more freedom in terms of entrepreneurial activity but
also by the family members if they move out after normal hours. Though women faced
lots of problems being mobile in entrepreneurial activity, the mobility problem has been
solved to certain extent by the expansion of education awareness to all.
Dual Responsibility: The most exploited individual of the day are the working women,
as they have to perform dual responsibility, one at work and another as family as mother
of wife. The level of women exploitation on family responsibility ground depends on her
social dependence.
Risk-Bearing Ability: One pre-requisites of the entrepreneurial success is risk taking. It
is normally believe that women being feminist gender have low risk taking ability. The
society feels that women do not have risk taking ability. They are being suppressed by the
protected environment and are not allowed most of the time to take any type of risk even
if she is willing or she has the ability to bear.
Unawareness Of The Supports And Incentives: India being a developing country has
made efforts at both central as well as state level to solve this problem by way of
introducing policy measures and promoting NGO’s. The government of India in its
annuals often announces special growth and provision to assist self employment in
women. But it has not worked out effectively and very few women entrepreneurs are able
to avail them. The governments of north-eastern regions besides sanctioning amount for
entrepreneur activity, certain percentage were also sanctioned for creating awareness on
entrepreneurial development. Despite the efforts the problem still exists as most of the
women entrepreneurs in the region have neither approach nor awareness about these
policies due to low education level. Women engage in this venue are unhappy with
support system due to harassment from the officials and high corruption. There is a
strong need for attitudinal change because policies, programmes and seminars alone
cannot change the women status.
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7. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
GUIDANCED RECEIVED BY WOMEN ENTREPENEURS:
The following information is being collected from trained and untrained women
entrepreneurs about the guidance received by them for setting up the enterprises. The
following table shows the collected information.
Table 4 GUIDANCED RECEIVED BY WOMEN ENTREPENEURS
SI.NO SOURCE OF TRAINED UNTRAINEDW.E
GUIDANCE W.E. in % in %
1. Parents 17.5 54.7
2. Husband 11.3 22.5
3. Friends / 7.8 15.3
relatives
4. DIC / Bank 8.75 1.8
5. Entrepreneurs 7.2 1.6
6. Training 47.5 4.06
Institutes
The table reveals that the 152 (47.5%) trained women entrepreneurs received
guidance from training institutions, on the other hand majority 175 (54.7%) of untrained
women entrepreneurs receive guidance from their parents for starting their enterprises.
The table also indicates that 36 (11.3%) trained and 72 (22.5%) untrained women
entrepreneurs had taken guidance from their husband to start their enterprises; 25 (7.8%)
trained and 49 (19.3%) untrained women entrepreneurs received guidance from their
friends and relatives; and 23 (7.2%) trained and 13 (4%) untrained women had received
guidance from their friends and relatives to start their enterprises. Only 28 (8.75%)
trained and 5 (1.6%) untrained women had received guidance from DIC and Banks to set
up their units. The advice of family members was identified as the major factor
influencing the starting of enterprises by the entrepreneurs.
SUGGESTIONS:
For proper development of Women Enterprises in Chennai city we have to evolve
many more strategies to suit various conditions in different communities and regions.
Here are some suggestive measures, to solve the problems confronted by them and for
running their enterprise smoothly.
1. Proper technical education to the women.
2. Improvement of identification mechanism of new enterprise.
3. Assistance in project formulation
4. Should be made aware of various credit facilities, financial incentive and subsidies
5. Adequate follow-up and support to the women enterprises.
6. Women have the need to put more effort to change people attitude to aspire women in
the society at large.
7. Women enterprises should join hands to form co-operative society to see that their
enterprises run effectively.
8. Women Enterprises research and application from time to time have to be documented.
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8. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
9. Entrepreneurship Development Programmes should be tailored to varying
requirements
10. Efforts should be made by the government to provide access to information.
11. Opening of women development cells.
12. Follow up of training programmes.
From these suggestions it is quite visible that for development and promotion of
women entrepreneurship, in the region, there is a need for multi dimensional approach
from different sector, namely from the government side, financial institutions, individual
women entrepreneurs and many more, for a flexible integrated and coordinated specific
approach.
CONCLUSIONS:
“A nation can never grow until and unless a woman grows.”
-Nerhu
The principal factor in developing entrepreneurship among women is not in terms of
infrastructure or financial assistance or identifying an enterprise but it is a question of
clearing the ground for their movement into entrepreneurship. For ages together they
have been confined to a secondary role and confined to the homes and you have to bring
out so that they become self-reliant, self-respecting enterprising people. Though there are
several factors contributing to the emergence of women as entrepreneurs, the sustained
and coordinated effort from all dimensions would pave the way for the women moving
into entrepreneurial activity thus contributing to the social and economic development of
the members of the family and thereby gaining equality and equal importance for
themselves. In a word, one cannot think of empowerment of women minus the economic
component. The main economic component should be in terms of women entering
diverse fields of entrepreneurship. Today, women are no longer confine to the 3ks viz.
Kitchen, kids and knitting. Consequently the main thrust of planning revolves around the
development of small and tiny industries based mainly on local skills to provide
employment to local population, and these types of industries are also good enough to
attract woman entrepreneurs as they have already been involved in such activities. Some
of these activities are handicrafts, handloom, sericulture, etc. Women entrepreneurs faced
lots of problems at start-up as well as operating stage. The main reason of non availability
of finance to women is their inability to provide collateral as they do not have any
property on their name. On the other side women have got restricted mobility freedom
and have to perform dual role one at family and other at work which hinders the
entrepreneurial growth. The technological advancement and information technology
explosion has reduced the problem of women entrepreneurs. Along with technological
revolution, mental revolution of society is required to change the attitude of the society
and provide women with democratic and entrepreneurial platform.
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9. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
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