The document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
1) IP address classes, private address space, and default subnet masks.
2) Binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversion tables and examples.
3) Exercises identifying address classes, network vs host portions, default subnet masks, and custom subnet masks.
The document is an instruction workbook for learning IP addressing fundamentals such as binary math, address classes, private addressing, and subnetting.
The default subnet mask for a Class A address is 255.0.0.0.
The default subnet mask for a Class B address is 255.255.0.0.
The default subnet mask for a Class C address is 255.255.255.0.
209.240.80.78 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
_____________________________
199.155.77.56 255 . 255 . 0 . 0
_____________________________
117.89.56.45 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
_____________________________
215.45.45.0 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
_____________________________
192.200.
Ip addressing and subnetting instructors workbookSwapnil Kapate
Here are the default subnet masks for the given IP addresses:
177.100.18.4 255.255.0.0
119.18.45.0 255.0.0.0
191.249.234.191 255.255.0.0
223.23.223.109 255.255.255.0
10.10.250.1 255.0.0.0
126.123.23.1 255.255.0.0
223.69.230.250 255.255.255.0
192.12.35.105 255.255.255.0
77.251.200.
Ip Addressing And Subnetting Teachers Book Robb JonesCamposol S.A.
Here is the ANDing with the custom subnet mask:
IP Address: 192.100.10.32
Custom Mask: 255.255.255.240
Binary IP: 11000000.01100100.00001010.00100000
Binary Mask: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
AND: 11000000.01100100.00001010.00100000
= 192.100.10.32
So the network portion is 192.100.10.32, identifying it as being in the 2nd range.
This document contains information about IP address classes, network and host identification, writing network and host addresses based on IP addresses and subnet masks, and determining default subnet masks. Various IP addresses and subnet masks are provided for classification, identification of network vs host portions, and calculation of network and host addresses.
This document provides an introduction to IP addressing and subnetting. It includes information on IP address classes, private address space, default subnet masks, binary to decimal conversion, and exercises for identifying network addresses, host addresses, address classes, and determining default subnet masks. The goal is to help students learn the essential concepts of IP addressing and subnetting.
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- IP address classes and their leading bit patterns
- Private address space ranges
- Default subnet masks for each address class
- Binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversion examples
- Address class identification practice problems
- Network and host identification exercises
- Writing default subnet masks for sample addresses
- Explaining how ANDing works with default and custom subnet masks
- Two sample custom subnet mask problems to work through
Here are the default subnet masks for the given IP addresses:
177.100.18.4 255.255.0.0
119.18.45.0 255.0.0.0
191.249.234.191 255.255.0.0
223.23.223.109 255.255.255.0
10.10.250.1 255.0.0.0
126.123.23.1 255.255.0.0
223.69.230.250 255.255.255.0
192.12.35.105 255.255.255.0
77.251.200.
The document discusses subnetting a network with the address 165.100.0.0/10 to create 1000 subnets with 60 usable hosts each. It is broken into two problems. Problem 1 asks for specific subnet and host range information. Problem 2 shows the binary calculation to divide the network into the required 1000 subnets.
The default subnet mask for a Class A address is 255.0.0.0.
The default subnet mask for a Class B address is 255.255.0.0.
The default subnet mask for a Class C address is 255.255.255.0.
209.240.80.78 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
_____________________________
199.155.77.56 255 . 255 . 0 . 0
_____________________________
117.89.56.45 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
_____________________________
215.45.45.0 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
_____________________________
192.200.
Ip addressing and subnetting instructors workbookSwapnil Kapate
Here are the default subnet masks for the given IP addresses:
177.100.18.4 255.255.0.0
119.18.45.0 255.0.0.0
191.249.234.191 255.255.0.0
223.23.223.109 255.255.255.0
10.10.250.1 255.0.0.0
126.123.23.1 255.255.0.0
223.69.230.250 255.255.255.0
192.12.35.105 255.255.255.0
77.251.200.
Ip Addressing And Subnetting Teachers Book Robb JonesCamposol S.A.
Here is the ANDing with the custom subnet mask:
IP Address: 192.100.10.32
Custom Mask: 255.255.255.240
Binary IP: 11000000.01100100.00001010.00100000
Binary Mask: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
AND: 11000000.01100100.00001010.00100000
= 192.100.10.32
So the network portion is 192.100.10.32, identifying it as being in the 2nd range.
This document contains information about IP address classes, network and host identification, writing network and host addresses based on IP addresses and subnet masks, and determining default subnet masks. Various IP addresses and subnet masks are provided for classification, identification of network vs host portions, and calculation of network and host addresses.
This document provides an introduction to IP addressing and subnetting. It includes information on IP address classes, private address space, default subnet masks, binary to decimal conversion, and exercises for identifying network addresses, host addresses, address classes, and determining default subnet masks. The goal is to help students learn the essential concepts of IP addressing and subnetting.
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- IP address classes and their leading bit patterns
- Private address space ranges
- Default subnet masks for each address class
- Binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversion examples
- Address class identification practice problems
- Network and host identification exercises
- Writing default subnet masks for sample addresses
- Explaining how ANDing works with default and custom subnet masks
- Two sample custom subnet mask problems to work through
Here are the default subnet masks for the given IP addresses:
177.100.18.4 255.255.0.0
119.18.45.0 255.0.0.0
191.249.234.191 255.255.0.0
223.23.223.109 255.255.255.0
10.10.250.1 255.0.0.0
126.123.23.1 255.255.0.0
223.69.230.250 255.255.255.0
192.12.35.105 255.255.255.0
77.251.200.
The document discusses subnetting a network with the address 165.100.0.0/10 to create 1000 subnets with 60 usable hosts each. It is broken into two problems. Problem 1 asks for specific subnet and host range information. Problem 2 shows the binary calculation to divide the network into the required 1000 subnets.
The document provides 14 problems involving calculating subnet masks and networks given various parameters such as the number of needed subnets, usable hosts, and network address. For each problem, the user is asked to provide the address class, default and custom subnet masks, total subnets and host addresses, usable addresses, and bits borrowed. The user is also asked to show the bitwise calculations for determining the custom subnet mask.
This document provides an overview of IP address classes and subnetting. It describes the ranges and bit patterns for Class A, B, C, and D IP addresses. It also shows the maximum number of unique addresses in each class. The document then explains how to determine the number of subnets and hosts created when borrowing bits from an IP address for subnetting. Tables are included that list the subnet mask, number of subnets/hosts created, and usable subnets/hosts for each number of bits borrowed for Class A, B, and C addresses.
The document discusses different methods for representing numeric data in binary form, including binary, decimal, hexadecimal, and octal number systems. It explains how binary numbers are used to represent data in computers and how different data types can be converted between number bases through translation. Key concepts covered include binary digits (bits), bytes, signed and unsigned integer representation, and binary arithmetic operations.
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- Details on classful IP addressing including valid address ranges and network/host bit breakdowns for Class A, B, and C networks.
- Explanations of private IP address spaces, IPv6 addressing, and comparisons between IPv4 and IPv6.
- Examples and processes for converting between dotted decimal and prefix notation for subnet masks, analyzing network, subnet, and host bits, and calculating numbers of subnets and hosts.
- Tables with binary representations and number of 1s/0s for the 9 possible decimal values in an IPv4 subnet mask.
The document discusses several topics related to education including communities of practice, epistemic frames, reflection-in-action, ways of knowing and doing, and epistemic network analysis. It also includes examples of codes used in epistemic network analysis and diagrams showing connections between codes across utterances and stanzas in a chat discourse.
This document summarizes BlightSTAT reporting from January 2012. It includes information on inspections, hearings, abatement, code lien foreclosures, and reinvestment. For inspections, over 1,000 were completed in January with the majority finding violations. Hearings saw a decrease in open cases over 120 days old. Abatement numbers increased from previous months.
This document provides an overview of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology. It is divided into 5 sections that cover: 1) how CDMA works using spreading codes, 2) how CDMA systems function on the forward and reverse links, 3) call processing procedures in CDMA networks, 4) data transmission over CDMA, and 5) an introduction to the Lucent BSS CDMA infrastructure components. The document uses diagrams and explanations to illustrate key CDMA concepts such as spreading codes, processing gain, orthogonal sequences, and network architecture.
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting. It includes definitions of IP address classes, private address space, and default subnet masks. It also covers binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversions, identifying address classes, network and host portions of addresses, and network addressing using subnet masks. The workbook aims to help readers learn key concepts of IP addressing and subnetting.
Certainly! An introduction to a Gym Management System project in Java programming would typically include a brief overview of the system, its purpose, features, and the technology used. Here's an example:
---
**Introduction to Gym Management System in Java**
In the fast-paced world of fitness and health, efficient management of gym operations is essential for both clients and gym administrators. The Gym Management System, developed in Java programming language, is a comprehensive solution designed to streamline the day-to-day activities of a fitness center.
**Purpose:**
The primary objective of the Gym Management System is to automate and simplify various tasks involved in managing a gym, including member registration, attendance tracking, workout scheduling, and billing.
**Features:**
1. **Member Management:** The system allows easy registration of new members, storing essential information such as personal details, contact information, and membership plans.
2. **Attendance Tracking:** Efficient monitoring of member attendance is achieved through a user-friendly interface. Automated attendance tracking helps in assessing member commitment and engagement.
3. **Workout Scheduling:** Members can schedule their workout sessions based on available slots. The system ensures a balanced allocation of resources and facilities, preventing overcrowding.
4. **Billing and Payments:** The system automates the billing process, generating invoices based on membership plans and additional services. It also manages payment records, providing a clear financial overview.
5. **Staff Management:** Gym administrators can add, modify, or remove staff members, assigning roles and responsibilities. This feature enhances the overall organizational structure of the gym.
6. **Reporting and Analytics:** Detailed reports on member attendance, revenue, and other key metrics provide valuable insights for strategic decision-making and business growth.
**Technology Stack:**
The Gym Management System is developed using Java programming language, ensuring platform independence and ease of maintenance. The backend is supported by a relational database for efficient data storage and retrieval.
**Conclusion:**
With the Gym Management System, fitness centers can enhance their operational efficiency, provide better services to members, and optimize their overall performance. The user-friendly interface and robust features make it a valuable tool for both gym administrators and members alike. This project aims to contribute to the seamless functioning of fitness facilities, promoting a healthier and more organized environment.
---
This introduction sets the stage for the reader to understand the purpose, features, and technology behind the Gym Management System in Java.
Here are the steps to determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet given an IP address and custom subnet mask:
1. Write the IP address and subnet mask in binary.
2. Count the number of bits borrowed from the host portion for the subnet mask. This will be the power of 2 used in the calculations.
3. Use the formula 2^x to calculate the number of subnets, where x is the number of bits borrowed.
4. Use the formula 2^x - 2 to calculate the maximum number of hosts per subnet, where x is again the number of bits borrowed.
5. The number of subnets indicates how many separate broadcast domains are created.
6. The number of maximum hosts
Here are the steps to determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet given an IP address and custom subnet mask:
1. Write the IP address and subnet mask in binary.
2. Count the number of bits borrowed from the host portion for the subnet mask. This will be the number used in the formulas.
3. To calculate the number of subnets, use the formula: Number of subnets = 2^x
Where x is the number of bits borrowed.
4. To calculate the maximum number of hosts per subnet, use the formula:
Number of hosts = 2^x - 2
Where x is again the number of bits borrowed.
5. The -2 in the hosts formula accounts for
Here are the steps to determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet given an IP address and custom subnet mask:
1. Write the IP address and subnet mask in binary.
2. Count the number of bits borrowed from the host portion for the subnet mask. This will be the number used in the formulas.
3. To calculate the number of subnets, use the formula: Number of subnets = 2^x
Where x is the number of bits borrowed.
4. To calculate the maximum number of hosts per subnet, use the formula:
Number of hosts = 2^x - 2
Where x is again the number of bits borrowed.
5. The -2 in the hosts formula accounts for
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- IP address classes and their leading bit patterns
- Private address space ranges
- Default subnet masks for each address class
- Binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversion examples
- Address class identification practice problems
- Network and host identification from IP addresses
- ANDing IP addresses with default and custom subnet masks
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- IP address classes and their leading bit patterns
- Private address space ranges
- Default subnet masks for each address class
- Binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversion examples
- Address class identification practice problems
- Network and host identification exercises
- Writing the correct default subnet mask for given addresses
- Explaining how ANDing works with default and custom subnet masks
- Two sample custom subnet mask problems to work through
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- IP address classes and their leading bit patterns
- Private address space ranges
- Default subnet masks for each address class
- Binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversion examples
- Address class identification practice problems
- Network and host identification exercises
- Writing the correct default subnet mask for given addresses
- Explaining how ANDing works with default and custom subnet masks
- Two sample custom subnet mask problems to work through
The document contains examples and exercises on subnetting IP addresses using CIDR notation. It provides the IP address, subnet mask, subnet address, broadcast address and number of available hosts for several examples. It also includes a table to complete with this information and examples to determine if IP addresses are valid or invalid for a given subnet. Finally, it shows how to divide the 192.168.1.0/24 network into two subnets, each with 8 subnetworks of 32 usable addresses.
The document discusses subnetting Class C and Class B IP addresses using various subnet masks. It provides examples of subnetting the IP addresses 192.168.10.0, 172.16.0.0, 172.21.0.0, and 10.0.0.0 using subnet masks such as /25, /26, /17, and /19. For each example, it calculates the number of subnets and hosts, identifies the subnet ID and broadcast address ranges.
Subnetting is a process of dividing large network into the smaller networks based on layer 3 IP address. Every computer on network has an IP address that represent its location on network.
This Presentation explains subnetting process.
The Image used in Presentations are CISCO Property.
The document discusses techniques for optimizing inverted indexes used for document retrieval, including delta encoding and vectorized VByte decoding. Delta encoding stores the differences between adjacent document IDs rather than the IDs themselves, since differences are usually small integers. VByte encoding compresses these deltas into variable-length bytes. Vectorized VByte decoding decodes multiple VByte-encoded integers simultaneously using CPU intrinsics for improved performance over sequential decoding. It analyzes the variable-length encoding to group integers for bulk decoding in parallel.
Chapter 3. fundamentals of wan and ip routingVishnu Vardhan
The document discusses fundamentals of wide area networks (WANs) and IP routing. It covers common WAN link technologies like Ethernet and leased lines. It also explains key networking protocols including TCP/IP, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, IP routing, subnet masking, and the classes of IP addresses. Additional topics covered are Ethernet and leased line WANs, how routers use WAN links, and Layer 3 protocols like DNS, ARP, and ping.
The document provides 14 problems involving calculating subnet masks and networks given various parameters such as the number of needed subnets, usable hosts, and network address. For each problem, the user is asked to provide the address class, default and custom subnet masks, total subnets and host addresses, usable addresses, and bits borrowed. The user is also asked to show the bitwise calculations for determining the custom subnet mask.
This document provides an overview of IP address classes and subnetting. It describes the ranges and bit patterns for Class A, B, C, and D IP addresses. It also shows the maximum number of unique addresses in each class. The document then explains how to determine the number of subnets and hosts created when borrowing bits from an IP address for subnetting. Tables are included that list the subnet mask, number of subnets/hosts created, and usable subnets/hosts for each number of bits borrowed for Class A, B, and C addresses.
The document discusses different methods for representing numeric data in binary form, including binary, decimal, hexadecimal, and octal number systems. It explains how binary numbers are used to represent data in computers and how different data types can be converted between number bases through translation. Key concepts covered include binary digits (bits), bytes, signed and unsigned integer representation, and binary arithmetic operations.
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- Details on classful IP addressing including valid address ranges and network/host bit breakdowns for Class A, B, and C networks.
- Explanations of private IP address spaces, IPv6 addressing, and comparisons between IPv4 and IPv6.
- Examples and processes for converting between dotted decimal and prefix notation for subnet masks, analyzing network, subnet, and host bits, and calculating numbers of subnets and hosts.
- Tables with binary representations and number of 1s/0s for the 9 possible decimal values in an IPv4 subnet mask.
The document discusses several topics related to education including communities of practice, epistemic frames, reflection-in-action, ways of knowing and doing, and epistemic network analysis. It also includes examples of codes used in epistemic network analysis and diagrams showing connections between codes across utterances and stanzas in a chat discourse.
This document summarizes BlightSTAT reporting from January 2012. It includes information on inspections, hearings, abatement, code lien foreclosures, and reinvestment. For inspections, over 1,000 were completed in January with the majority finding violations. Hearings saw a decrease in open cases over 120 days old. Abatement numbers increased from previous months.
This document provides an overview of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology. It is divided into 5 sections that cover: 1) how CDMA works using spreading codes, 2) how CDMA systems function on the forward and reverse links, 3) call processing procedures in CDMA networks, 4) data transmission over CDMA, and 5) an introduction to the Lucent BSS CDMA infrastructure components. The document uses diagrams and explanations to illustrate key CDMA concepts such as spreading codes, processing gain, orthogonal sequences, and network architecture.
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting. It includes definitions of IP address classes, private address space, and default subnet masks. It also covers binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversions, identifying address classes, network and host portions of addresses, and network addressing using subnet masks. The workbook aims to help readers learn key concepts of IP addressing and subnetting.
Certainly! An introduction to a Gym Management System project in Java programming would typically include a brief overview of the system, its purpose, features, and the technology used. Here's an example:
---
**Introduction to Gym Management System in Java**
In the fast-paced world of fitness and health, efficient management of gym operations is essential for both clients and gym administrators. The Gym Management System, developed in Java programming language, is a comprehensive solution designed to streamline the day-to-day activities of a fitness center.
**Purpose:**
The primary objective of the Gym Management System is to automate and simplify various tasks involved in managing a gym, including member registration, attendance tracking, workout scheduling, and billing.
**Features:**
1. **Member Management:** The system allows easy registration of new members, storing essential information such as personal details, contact information, and membership plans.
2. **Attendance Tracking:** Efficient monitoring of member attendance is achieved through a user-friendly interface. Automated attendance tracking helps in assessing member commitment and engagement.
3. **Workout Scheduling:** Members can schedule their workout sessions based on available slots. The system ensures a balanced allocation of resources and facilities, preventing overcrowding.
4. **Billing and Payments:** The system automates the billing process, generating invoices based on membership plans and additional services. It also manages payment records, providing a clear financial overview.
5. **Staff Management:** Gym administrators can add, modify, or remove staff members, assigning roles and responsibilities. This feature enhances the overall organizational structure of the gym.
6. **Reporting and Analytics:** Detailed reports on member attendance, revenue, and other key metrics provide valuable insights for strategic decision-making and business growth.
**Technology Stack:**
The Gym Management System is developed using Java programming language, ensuring platform independence and ease of maintenance. The backend is supported by a relational database for efficient data storage and retrieval.
**Conclusion:**
With the Gym Management System, fitness centers can enhance their operational efficiency, provide better services to members, and optimize their overall performance. The user-friendly interface and robust features make it a valuable tool for both gym administrators and members alike. This project aims to contribute to the seamless functioning of fitness facilities, promoting a healthier and more organized environment.
---
This introduction sets the stage for the reader to understand the purpose, features, and technology behind the Gym Management System in Java.
Here are the steps to determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet given an IP address and custom subnet mask:
1. Write the IP address and subnet mask in binary.
2. Count the number of bits borrowed from the host portion for the subnet mask. This will be the power of 2 used in the calculations.
3. Use the formula 2^x to calculate the number of subnets, where x is the number of bits borrowed.
4. Use the formula 2^x - 2 to calculate the maximum number of hosts per subnet, where x is again the number of bits borrowed.
5. The number of subnets indicates how many separate broadcast domains are created.
6. The number of maximum hosts
Here are the steps to determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet given an IP address and custom subnet mask:
1. Write the IP address and subnet mask in binary.
2. Count the number of bits borrowed from the host portion for the subnet mask. This will be the number used in the formulas.
3. To calculate the number of subnets, use the formula: Number of subnets = 2^x
Where x is the number of bits borrowed.
4. To calculate the maximum number of hosts per subnet, use the formula:
Number of hosts = 2^x - 2
Where x is again the number of bits borrowed.
5. The -2 in the hosts formula accounts for
Here are the steps to determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet given an IP address and custom subnet mask:
1. Write the IP address and subnet mask in binary.
2. Count the number of bits borrowed from the host portion for the subnet mask. This will be the number used in the formulas.
3. To calculate the number of subnets, use the formula: Number of subnets = 2^x
Where x is the number of bits borrowed.
4. To calculate the maximum number of hosts per subnet, use the formula:
Number of hosts = 2^x - 2
Where x is again the number of bits borrowed.
5. The -2 in the hosts formula accounts for
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- IP address classes and their leading bit patterns
- Private address space ranges
- Default subnet masks for each address class
- Binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversion examples
- Address class identification practice problems
- Network and host identification from IP addresses
- ANDing IP addresses with default and custom subnet masks
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- IP address classes and their leading bit patterns
- Private address space ranges
- Default subnet masks for each address class
- Binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversion examples
- Address class identification practice problems
- Network and host identification exercises
- Writing the correct default subnet mask for given addresses
- Explaining how ANDing works with default and custom subnet masks
- Two sample custom subnet mask problems to work through
This document provides information about IP addressing and subnetting including:
- IP address classes and their leading bit patterns
- Private address space ranges
- Default subnet masks for each address class
- Binary to decimal and decimal to binary conversion examples
- Address class identification practice problems
- Network and host identification exercises
- Writing the correct default subnet mask for given addresses
- Explaining how ANDing works with default and custom subnet masks
- Two sample custom subnet mask problems to work through
The document contains examples and exercises on subnetting IP addresses using CIDR notation. It provides the IP address, subnet mask, subnet address, broadcast address and number of available hosts for several examples. It also includes a table to complete with this information and examples to determine if IP addresses are valid or invalid for a given subnet. Finally, it shows how to divide the 192.168.1.0/24 network into two subnets, each with 8 subnetworks of 32 usable addresses.
The document discusses subnetting Class C and Class B IP addresses using various subnet masks. It provides examples of subnetting the IP addresses 192.168.10.0, 172.16.0.0, 172.21.0.0, and 10.0.0.0 using subnet masks such as /25, /26, /17, and /19. For each example, it calculates the number of subnets and hosts, identifies the subnet ID and broadcast address ranges.
Subnetting is a process of dividing large network into the smaller networks based on layer 3 IP address. Every computer on network has an IP address that represent its location on network.
This Presentation explains subnetting process.
The Image used in Presentations are CISCO Property.
The document discusses techniques for optimizing inverted indexes used for document retrieval, including delta encoding and vectorized VByte decoding. Delta encoding stores the differences between adjacent document IDs rather than the IDs themselves, since differences are usually small integers. VByte encoding compresses these deltas into variable-length bytes. Vectorized VByte decoding decodes multiple VByte-encoded integers simultaneously using CPU intrinsics for improved performance over sequential decoding. It analyzes the variable-length encoding to group integers for bulk decoding in parallel.
Chapter 3. fundamentals of wan and ip routingVishnu Vardhan
The document discusses fundamentals of wide area networks (WANs) and IP routing. It covers common WAN link technologies like Ethernet and leased lines. It also explains key networking protocols including TCP/IP, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, IP routing, subnet masking, and the classes of IP addresses. Additional topics covered are Ethernet and leased line WANs, how routers use WAN links, and Layer 3 protocols like DNS, ARP, and ping.
Easy IP Addressing and Subnetting Manual for StartersS Khawaja
This document provides an introduction to IP addressing concepts such as binary to decimal conversion, public and private IP addresses, and classes of IP addresses. It explains that an IP address identifies a node on a network and allows communication between nodes. It also describes the classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E), noting that classes A, B, and C are most commonly used and define ranges for the number of allowed hosts and networks. The document then provides details on class A, B, and C IP addresses and how they divide the available addresses.
How Computer Games Help Children Learn (Stockholm University Dept of Educatio...dws1d
1. The document provides information about various skills and knowledge including basic skills, writing, computation, square roots, functions, and questioning why certain topics are important.
2. It also discusses communities of practice, culture, epistemic frames, games as cultures, and leadership in virtual organizations.
3. Finally, it presents information on reflection-in-action, activity systems, measuring what we value, epistemic network analysis, and coding discourse data. The document touches on a wide range of topics at a high level without providing many details on any single topic.
The document contains several charts showing version distribution and release data over time for various software applications and systems. The charts show the percentage of users or hosts on specific versions as well as the number of releases over time, with many following a long tail distribution where older versions persist in significant numbers and newer versions are adopted gradually.
Binárna číselná sústava - Бинарни бројни системDarina Poljak
The document discusses the binary numeric system which uses only two digits - 0 and 1. It shows how binary numbers are represented by combinations of 0s and 1s in place values of increasing powers of two from right to left. The value of each place is multiplied by the corresponding power of two. It also illustrates how powers of two increase exponentially from 1 to 1024 as the exponent increases from 0 to 10.
UNIT-II ARITHMETIC FOR COMPUTERS
Addition and Subtraction – Multiplication – Division – Floating Point Representation – Floating Point Addition and Subtraction.
The document discusses planning and cabling for a CCNA Exploration course. It covers topics like identifying media for LANs and WANs, cable types and standards, switch and router configurations. Examples are provided for designing addressing schemes for networks using VLSM and subnetting techniques. The document compares different network designs and components like hubs, switches and routers. It also discusses cable lengths, types and connections used within networks and between networks.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet networking including:
1. Ethernet uses layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model and the Network Access layer of the TCP/IP model. It evolved from early LAN technologies and uses frames, MAC addressing, and CSMA/CD.
2. Switches avoid collisions by forwarding frames only to destination ports, improving performance over hubs. Higher bandwidth standards like Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet require full-duplex links without collisions.
3. Ethernet addressing uses MAC addresses to identify devices locally and IP addresses to route between networks. ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses to allow communication between hosts.
The document discusses configuring and testing CCNA Exploration Semester 1 - Chapter 11. It covers topics such as the Internetwork Operating System (IOS), IOS modes of operation, basic IOS commands, configuration files, and show commands. It provides instructions for configuring a router interface, hostname, passwords, and restoring configurations from backups.
Este documento describe la evolución y uso de las redes sociales. Explica que las redes sociales han cambiado la forma en que las personas se comunican y comparten información. También analiza el uso de redes sociales en América Latina y México, señalando que México es uno de los países que más usa redes sociales.
The document discusses IP addressing concepts including:
1. IP addresses are represented in binary and decimal, and methods to convert between the two. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers that are commonly shown in dotted decimal notation.
2. IP networks are divided into a network portion and host portion using subnet masks. Common subnet masks like /24, /16, and /8 define the traditional IP address classes. More flexible classless addressing allows any prefix length.
3. Key addressing concepts include private vs public IP addresses, network vs broadcast addresses, subnetting to create more networks from an existing range, and utilities like ping and traceroute.
The document summarizes key concepts about the OSI physical layer:
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2. IP Address Classes
Class A 1 – 127 (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing)
Leading bit pattern 0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Network . Host . Host . Host
Class B 128 – 191 Leading bit pattern 10 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Network . Network . Host . Host
Class C 192 – 223 Leading bit pattern 110 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Network . Network . Network . Host
Class D 224 – 239 (Reserved for multicast)
Class E 240 – 255 (Reserved for experimental, used for research)
Private Address Space
Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Default Subnet Masks
Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0
Class C 255.255.255.0
Produced by: Robb Jones
jonesr@careertech.net
Frederick County Career & Technology Center
Cisco Networking Academy
Frederick County Public Schools
Frederick, Maryland, USA
Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch
for taking the time to check this workbook for errors.
Inside Cover
8. ANDING With
Default subnet masks
Every IP address must be accompanied by a subnet mask. By now you should be able to look
at an IP address and tell what class it is. Unfortunately your computer doesn’t think that way.
For your computer to determine the network and subnet portion of an IP address it must
“AND” the IP address with the subnet mask.
Default Subnet Masks:
Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0
Class C 255.255.255.0
ANDING Equations:
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 1 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
Sample:
What you see...
IP Address: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33
What you can figure out in your head...
Address Class: C
Network Portion: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33
Host Portion: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33
In order for you computer to get the same information it must AND the IP address with
the subnet mask in binary.
Network Host
IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 (192 . 100 . 10 . 33)
Default Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (255 . 255 . 255 . 0)
AND: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (192 . 100 . 10 . 0)
ANDING with the default subnet mask allows your computer to figure out the network
portion of the address.
6
9. ANDING With
Custom subnet masks
When you take a single network such as 192.100.10.0 and divide it into five smaller networks
(192.100.10.16, 192.100.10.32, 192.100.10.48, 192.100.10.64, 192.100.10.80) the outside
world still sees the network as 192.100.10.0, but the internal computers and routers see five
smaller subnetworks. Each independent of the other. This can only be accomplished by using
a custom subnet mask. A custom subnet mask borrows bits from the host portion of the
address to create a subnetwork address between the network and host portions of an IP
address. In this example each range has 14 usable addresses in it. The computer must still
AND the IP address against the custom subnet mask to see what the network portion is and
which subnetwork it belongs to.
IP Address: 192 . 100 . 10 . 0
Custom Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240
Address Ranges: 192.10.10.0 to 192.100.10.15 (Invalid Range)
192.100.10.16 to 192.100.10.31 (1st Usable Range)
192.100.10.32 to 192.100.10.47 (Range in the sample below)
192.100.10.48 to 192.100.10.63
192.100.10.64 to 192.100.10.79
192.100.10.80 to 192.100.10.95
192.100.10.96 to 192.100.10.111
192.100.10.112 to 192.100.10.127
192.100.10.128 to 192.100.10.143
192.100.10.144 to 192.100.10.159
192.100.10.160 to 192.100.10.175
192.100.10.176 to 192.100.10.191
192.100.10.192 to 192.100.10.207
192.100.10.208 to 192.100.10.223
192.100.10.224 to 192.100.10.239
192.100.10.240 to 192.100.10.255 (Invalid Range)
Sub
Network Network Host
IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 (192 . 100 . 10 . 33)
Custom Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 (255 . 255 . 255 . 240)
AND: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 (192 . 100 . 10 . 32)
Four bits borrowed from the host
portion of the address for the
custom subnet mask.
The ANDING process of the four borrowed bits
shows which range of IP addresses this
particular address will fall into.
In the next set of problems you will determine the necessary information to determine the
correct subnet mask for a variety of IP addresses.
7
10. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 1
Number of needed usable subnets 14
Number of needed usable hosts 14
Network Address 192.10.10.0
C
Address class __________
255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________
255 . 255 . 255 . 240
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
16
Total number of subnets ___________________
14
Number of usable subnets ___________________
16
Total number of host addresses ___________________
14
Number of usable addresses ___________________
4
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.
Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
192 . 10 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128
16 Observe the total number of
Add the binary value
64 hosts.
numbers to the left of the line to
-2
create the custom subnet mask. 32 Subtract 2 for the number of
14
+16
usable hosts.
240
16
-2
Subtract 2 for the total number of
subnets to get the usable number of
14
subnets.
8
11. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 2
Number of needed usable subnets 1000
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 165.100.0.0
B
Address class __________
255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________
255 . 255 . 255 . 192
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
1,024
Total number of subnets ___________________
1,022
Number of usable subnets ___________________
64
Total number of host addresses ___________________
62
Number of usable addresses ___________________
10
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.
65,
32,
16,3
4,0
2,0
1,02
8,19
512
536
768
Number of
84
96
48
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2
4
Hosts -
65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102
204
8,19
536
512
Number of
768
84
96
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
2
4
8
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
165 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 128
64 +64
32 192 64
Observe the total number of
16 hosts.
Add the binary value
numbers to the left of the line to 8 -2 Subtract 2 for the number of
create the custom subnet mask.
4 62 usable hosts.
2 1024
+1 Subtract 2 for the total number of
-2 subnets to get the usable number of
255 subnets.
1,022 9
12. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 3 /26 indicates the total number of
bits used for the network and
Network Address 148.75.0.0 /26 subnetwork portion of the
address. All bits remaining belong
to the host portion of the address.
B
Address class __________
255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________
255 . 255 . 255 . 192
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
1,024
Total number of subnets ___________________
1,022
Number of usable subnets ___________________
64
Total number of host addresses ___________________
62
Number of usable addresses ___________________
10
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.
65,
32,
16,3
4,0
2,0
1,02
8,19
512
536
768
Number of
84
96
48
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2
4
Hosts -
65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102
204
8,19
536
512
Number of 768
84
96
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
2
4
8
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
148 . 75 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 128
64 +64
32 192 64
Observe the total number of
16 hosts.
Add the binary value
numbers to the left of the line to 8 -2 Subtract 2 for the number of
create the custom subnet mask.
4 62 usable hosts.
2 1024
+1 Subtract 2 for the total number of
-2 subnets to get the usable number of
255 subnets.
1,022
10
13. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 4
Number of needed usable subnets 6
Number of needed usable hosts 30
Network Address 210.100.56.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.
Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
210 . 100 . 56 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11
14. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 5
Number of needed usable subnets 6
Number of needed usable hosts 30
Network Address 195.85.8.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.
Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
195 . 85 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12
15. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 6
Number of needed usable subnets 126
Number of needed usable hosts 131,070
Network Address 118.0.0.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.
4,19
2,09
1,04
52
262
131
65,5
32,7
16,3
4,0
2,0
1,02
4,2
4,30
8,19
8,57
7,15
Number of
,07
,144
512
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
36
96
48
84
Hosts
68
-
88
2
2
2
4
4
6
1,04
2,09
4,19
262
52
131
65,5
32,7
16,3
1,02
2,0
4,0
4,2
4,30
8,19
8,57
7,15
Number of
,07
,144
512
.
36
48
96
84
68
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 .
88
2
2
2
4
4
6
Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
118. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13
16. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 7
Number of needed usable subnets 2000
Number of needed usable hosts 15
Network Address 178.100.0.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.
65,
32,
16,3
4,0
2,0
1,02
8,19
512
536
768
Number of
84
96
48
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2
4
Hosts -
65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102
204
8,19
536
512
Number of
768
84
96
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
2
4
8
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
178 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14
17. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 8
Number of needed usable subnets 1
Number of needed usable hosts 45
Network Address 200.175.14.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.
15
18. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 9
Number of needed usable subnets 60
Number of needed usable hosts 1,000
Network Address 128.77.0.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.
16
19. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 10
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 198.100.10.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.
17
20. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 11
Number of needed usable subnets 250
Network Address 101.0.0.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.
18
21. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 12
Number of needed usable subnets 5
Network Address 218.35.50.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.
19
22. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 13
Number of needed usable hosts 25
Network Address 218.35.50.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.
20
23. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 14
Number of needed usable subnets 10
Network Address 172.59.0.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.
21
24. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 15
Number of needed usable hosts 50
Network Address 172.59.0.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.
22
25. Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 16
Number of needed usable hosts 29
Network Address 23.0.0.0
Address class _______
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
Show your work for Problem 16 in the space below.
23
26. Subnetting
Problem 1
Number of needed usable subnets 14
Number of needed usable hosts 14
Network Address 192.10.10.0
C
Address class __________
255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________
255 . 255 . 255 . 240
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
16
Total number of subnets ___________________
14
Number of usable subnets ___________________
16
Total number of host addresses ___________________
14
Number of usable addresses ___________________
4
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 3rd usable
192.10.10.48 to 192.10.10.63
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
192 . 10 . 10 . 112
for the 7th usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
192 . 10 . 10 . 207
the 12th usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 8th
192.10.10.129 to 192.10.10.142
usable subnet? ______________________________________
24
27. Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.
Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
192. 10 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Invalid range) 0 192.10.10.0 to 192.10.10.15
1 192.10.10.16 to 192.10.10.31
1 0 192.10.10.32 to 192.10.10.47
1 1 192.10.10.48 to 192.10.10.63
1 0 0 192.10.10.64 to 192.10.10.79
1 0 1 192.10.10.80 to 192.10.10.95
1 1 0 192.10.10.96 to 192.10.10.111
1 1 1 192.10.10.112 to 192.10.10.127
1 0 0 0 192.10.10.128 to 192.10.10.143
1 0 0 1 192.10.10.144 to 192.10.10.159
1 0 1 0 192.10.10.160 to 192.10.10.175
1 0 1 1 192.10.10.176 to 192.10.10.191
1 1 0 0 192.10.10.192 to 192.10.10.207
1 1 0 1 192.10.10.208 to 192.10.10.223
1 1 1 0 192.10.10.224 to 192.10.10.239
(Invalid range) 1 1 1 1 192.10.10.240 to 192.10.10.255
128
64
32 16 16
Custom subnet
+16 Usable subnets
-2 Usable hosts
-2
mask 240 14 14
The binary value of the last bit borrowed is the range. In this
problem the range is 16.
The first address in each subnet range is the subnet
The first and last range of addresses are not usable. number.
The first usable range of addresses is: 192.10.10.16 to The last address in each subnet range is the subnet
192.10.10.31. broadcast address.
25
28. Subnetting
Problem 2
Number of needed usable subnets 1000
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 165.100.0.0
B
Address class __________
255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________
255 . 255 . 255 . 192
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
1,024
Total number of subnets ___________________
1,022
Number of usable subnets ___________________
64
Total number of host addresses ___________________
62
Number of usable addresses ___________________
10
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 14th usable
165.100.3.128 to 165.100.3.191
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
165 . 100 . 1 . 64
for the 5th usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
165 . 100 . 1 . 127
the 5th usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 8th
165.100.2.1 to 165.100.0.62
usable subnet? ______________________________________
26
29. 65,
32,
16,3
4,0
2,0
8,19
1,02
Number of
768
84
96
48
4
512
2
536
Hosts - . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
65,
32,
16,3
4,0
8,19
102
204
Number of
512
96
84
768
4
8
2
536
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
165 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
64 .
(Invalid range) 0 165.100.0.0 to 165.100.0.63
Usable -2 1 165.100.0.64 to 165.100.0.127
128
hosts 62 1 0 165.100.0.128 to 165.100.0.191
1024 64 1 1 165.100.0.192 to 165.100.0.255
Usable -2 32
16 1 . 0 0 165.100.1.0 to 165.100.1.63
subnets 1,022
1 . 0 1 165.100.1.64 to 165.100.1.127
8 1 . 1 0 165.100.1.128 to 165.100.1.191
4 1 . 1 1 165.100.1.192 to 165.100.1.255
128 2
Custom
1 0 . 0 0 165.100.2.0 to 165.100.0.63
subnet mask +64 +1
192 255 1 0 . 0 1 165.100.2.64 to 165.100.0.127
1 0 . 1 0 165.100.2.128 to 165.100.0.191
1 0 . 1 1 165.100.2.192 to 165.100.0.255
The binary value of the last bit borrowed is
the range. In this problem the range is 64.
1 1 . 0 0 165.100.3.0 to 165.100.3.63
The first and last range of addresses are not 1 1 . 0 1 165.100.3.64 to 165.100.3.127
usable.
1 1 . 1 0 165.100.3.128 to 165.100.3.191
The first usable range of addresses is: 1 1 . 1 1 165.100.3.192 to 165.100.3.255
165.100.0.64 to 165.100.0.127
Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.
The first address in each subnet range is the
Down to
subnet number.
165.100.255.128 to 165.100.255.191
The last address in each subnet range is the
subnet broadcast address.
27
(Invalid range) 165.100.255.192 to 165.100.255.255
30. Subnetting
Problem 3
Number of needed usable subnets 1
Network Address 195.223.50.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 2nd usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 1st usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 1st usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 2nd
usable subnet? ______________________________________
28
31. Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.
Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
29
32. Subnetting
Problem 4
Number of needed usable subnets 750
Network Address 190.35.0.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 14th usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 12th usable
subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 9th usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 5th
usable subnet? ______________________________________
30
34. Subnetting
Problem 5
Number of needed usable hosts 6
Network Address 126.0.0.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 1st usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 4th usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 6th usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 9th
usable subnet? ______________________________________
32
36. Subnetting
Problem 6
Number of needed usable subnets 10
Network Address 192.70.10.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 8th usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 3rd usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 11th usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 9th
usable subnet? ______________________________________
34
38. Subnetting
Problem 7
Network Address 10.0.0.0 /16
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 10th usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 5th usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 1st usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 8th
usable subnet? _____________________________________
36
40. Subnetting
Problem 8
Number of needed usable subnets 4
Network Address 172.50.0.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 3rd usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 4th usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 5th usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 2nd
usable subnet? ______________________________________
38
42. Subnetting
Problem 9
Number of needed usable hosts 28
Network Address 172.50.0.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 1st usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 9th usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 3rd usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 5th
usable subnet? ______________________________________
40
44. Subnetting
Problem 10
Number of needed usable subnets 45
Network Address 220.100.100.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 4th usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 3rd usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 12th usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 11th
usable subnet? ______________________________________
42
46. Subnetting
Problem 11
Number of needed usable hosts 8,000
Network Address 135.70.0.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 5th usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 6th usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 2nd usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 4th
usable subnet? ______________________________________
44
48. Subnetting
Problem 12
Number of needed usable hosts 45
Network Address 198.125.50.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 1st usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 1st usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 2nd usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 2nd
usable subnet? ______________________________________
46
50. Subnetting
Problem 13
Network Address 165.200.0.0 /26
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 9th usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 10th usable ________________________
subnet?
What is the subnet
broadcast address for ________________________
the 1022nd usable
subnet?
What are the assignable ______________________________________
addresses for the 1021st
usable subnet?
48
52. Subnetting
Problem 14
Number of needed usable hosts 16
Network Address 200.10.10.0
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 6th usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 4th usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 3rd usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 5th
usable subnet? ______________________________________
50
54. Subnetting
Problem 15
Network Address 93.0.0.0 19
Address class __________
Default subnet mask _______________________________
Custom subnet mask _______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
Number of usable subnets ___________________
Total number of host addresses ___________________
Number of usable addresses ___________________
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 14th usable
subnet range? _______________________________________________
What is the subnet number
for the 8th usable subnet? ________________________
What is the subnet
broadcast address for
the 6th usable subnet? ________________________
What are the assignable
addresses for the 11th
usable subnet? ______________________________________
52
56. Valid and Non-Valid IP Addresses
Using the material in this workbook identify which of the addresses below are correct and
usable. If they are not usable addresses explain why.
IP Address: 0.230.190.192 The network ID cannot be 0.
________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 ________________________________
IP Address: 192.10.10.1 OK
________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ________________________________
IP Address: 245.150.190.10 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ________________________________
IP Address: 135.70.191.255 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0 ________________________________
IP Address: 127.100.100.10 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 ________________________________
IP Address: 93.0.128.1 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.224.0 ________________________________
IP Address: 200.10.10.128 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224 ________________________________
IP Address: 165.100.255.189 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 ________________________________
IP Address: 190.35.0.10 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 ________________________________
IP Address: 218.35.50.195 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 ________________________________
IP Address: 200.10.10.175 /22 ________________________________
________________________________
IP Address: 135.70.255.255 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.224.0 ________________________________
54