The document presents a detailed overview of bridge substructures, focusing on various types of foundations including caisson foundations, their components, design considerations, and construction processes. It highlights the importance of substructures in transferring loads from the bridge to the soil, and distinguishes between different foundation types like spread, raft, pile, and caisson foundations. The presentation also covers specific types of caissons, including open/well caissons and their applications in various infrastructural projects.

1. SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY
Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering & Research Centre,
Nashik
Civil Engineering Department
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
ON
ON
SUBSTRUCTURE OF BRIDGE
SUBSTRUCTURE OF BRIDGE
Prepared by:
1.Rushikesh Vishn Waksare (BECE71)
2.Saurabh Ramdas Thombare (BECE64)
3.Noman Jalauddin Sayeed (BECE53)
4.Yash Raju Saraf (BECE52)
5.Omkar Gorakh Saraf (BECE51)
Subject Subject Teacher
Airport and Bridge Mr. Kamlesh P. Bhagat
Engineering
A.Y. 2023-24

2. Content
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Introduction
Types Of Sub-Structure Of Bridges.
Types of Caisson Foundation
-Open/Well Caisson
-Components of open/Well caisson
-Design consideration of Open/Well Caisson
Construction Process
A.Y. 2023-24

3. Introduction
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The substructure consists ofthe portion ofthe bridge
that supports the entire structure on the given
surrounding soil.
There are varying designs due to the different soil
conditions for each bridge site and the different weights
of the structures for each project.
The foundation of a bridge structure creates a smooth
transition allowing the internal forces to flow between the
bridge and the ground. Foundations are the links between
the bridge and the ground.
The purpose of the substructure of a building is to
transfer loads of the superstructure to the soil that is
underneath.
This is why the substructure is right against the soil
that supports it. A.Y. 2023-24

4. Types Of Substructure Of Bridge
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Spread Foundation.
Raft Foundation.
Pile Foundation Bridge.
Well/Open Foundation Bridge.
Caisson Bridge Foundation.
Grillage Foundation.
Inverted Arc Foundation
A.Y. 2023-24

5. Caisson
Foundation
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The term caisson has been derived from the
French word
‘CAISSEE’, meaning BOX.
It is a prefabricated hollow box or cylinder sunk into
the ground to some desired depth and then filled with
concrete thus forming a foundation.
It can be round or rectangle in plan.
It is commonly used where foundation under water is
done.
It can sunk from surface of either land or water to the
desired depth
Caisson foundation is Most often used in the
construction of bridge piers & other structures that
require foundation beneath
rivers & other bodies of water.
A.Y. 2023-24

6. Types Of Caisson
Foundations
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Types Of Caisson Foundation
Open/Well Caissons – Small cofferdams are placed
in the water, pumped dry, and filled with concrete.
Generally, these are used in the construction of
piers.
Box Caissons – These watertight boxes are created
with heavy timbers and lack a top lid. They’re
usually floated to where they should be, then sunk
into place with the help of a masonry pier inside the
box.
Excavated Caissons – These caissons are usually
cylindrical and placed within an excavated site. A
concrete backfill is then applied.
Floating Caissons – Prefabricated boxes with
cylindrical cavities are also known as floating docks.
Pneumatic Caissons – Underwater construction
A.Y. 2023-24

7. Open / Well
Caisson
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Open caisson is a box of timber, reinforced
concrete. Steel or masonry which is open at the
top and at bottom.
It is used for building and bridge foundation.
They are used on sandy or soft bearing stratum
liable to scour and fine bed available for large
depth below the surface.
Open caisson are also called well foundation.
A.Y. 2023-24

8. Types of Open caisson
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Single Well
Multiple well/
monoliths
Cylindrical
A.Y. 2023-24

9. Cassion Foundation
A.Y. 2023-24

10. Components of open
caisson
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Components of well/open caisson.
Cutting Edge or Shoe: It provides stability and helps in the
sinking process.
Shaft: It is an open structure, typically rectangular or
cylindrical, and extends from the cutting edge to the top of
the caisson.
Seal or Grout: This is used to prevent water infiltration into
the caisson during and after construction.
Cap or Lid: At the top of the open caisson, a cap or lid is
installed.
Reinforcement and Concrete: When the open caisson is in
its final position, it is often filled with concrete.
Reinforcement, like rebar, may be added to increase the
caisson's strength.
Access Openings: Access openings or manholes may be
present in the caisson's sides or cap to allow workers to
enter and exit, particularly in the construction of well
caissons. A.Y. 2023-24

11. Open Caisson
A.Y. 2023-24

12. Design Consideration of open
caisson
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Various factors to be considered for design of
open well:-
Soil Conditions
Depth
Load-Bearing Capacity
Shape and Dimensions
Cutting Edge Design
Sealing Mechanism
Lateral Support
Foundation Material
Reinforcement
Construction Methods
A.Y. 2023-24

13. Construction Process
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The Sequence of construction
process are as :-
Site Preparation
Excavation of Initial Trench or Pit
Caisson Placement
Excavation and Sinking
Cutting Edge or Shoe
Sealing Mechanism
Capping
Foundation Work
Construction Above Ground
Quality Control and Inspections
A.Y. 2023-24

14. Application’s of open caisson
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Application of open caisson are as :-
Bridge Piers
Wharves and Ports
Retaining Wall
Foundations for Buildings
Waterfront Structures
Subway and Tunnel Construction
Oil and Gas Platforms
Culverts and Flood Control
Structures
Pier Foundations Bridge
Bridge Abutments
A.Y. 2023-24

15. Thank You
A.Y. 2023-24