Sub saharan
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Africa has diverse geography, including mountains along the northern coast and eastern region, the Sahara Desert, savannas with unreliable rainfall, and rainforests with warm temperatures and heavy rainfall. The Great Rift Valley contains deep canyons surrounded by mountains. Several early African kingdoms emerged, including Ghana near the west coast which traded gold for salt with Muslims and engaged in ivory and slave trades with Berber nomads. Mali rose as a strong empire along the same region as Ghana, trading salt and gold; under Mansa Musa's rule from 1312 to 1337, Mali doubled in size and Timbuktu became a center of Muslim learning. Later, Songhai conquered Timbuktu and
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Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes
Africa is the second largest continent, with diverse climate regions including rainforests, savannas, and deserts. Geographic features such as deserts, rainforests, and cataracts restricted movement, while the Great Rift Valley, Mediterranean Sea, and Red Sea facilitated easier movement. Resources in Africa include minerals like salt, gold, and iron. Camels enabled trading across deserts. The Sahara Desert was once habitable but climate change caused desertification. People migrated away from the drying Sahara. Nubia traded with and was controlled by Egypt at times. Phoenician traders founded Carthage on the North African coast, which grew into an empire controlling Mediterranean trade before being conquered by Rome. Islam
Lwd ppt
Southeast Asia is a region located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans that consists of mainland and island areas. Over time, many people migrated to the region, resulting in a diversity of languages and cultures. Kingdoms like the Khmer Empire in Cambodia and Srivijaya in Indonesia rose to prominence as early states. India and China also culturally influenced Southeast Asian societies through religion, political ideas, and trade. Vietnam developed its own identity while being influenced by China, and Korea existed as a mountainous, isolated peninsula governed by various groups over history.
Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific Oceans and includes countries like Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. It has a tropical climate and terrain that made travel and communication difficult historically. Kingdoms arose in Southeast Asia that were influenced by Indian and Chinese religions, culture and political systems through missionaries and trade. The Khmer Empire dominated mainland Southeast Asia for centuries and built elaborate irrigation systems and cities, most notably Angkor Wat in Cambodia. Island kingdoms like Srivijaya ruled extensive empires through controlling trade routes and taxing commerce. Vietnam developed a unique culture while absorbing influences from China during over 1,000 years of occupation.
Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
The document provides information about the kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea. It discusses the geography of Southeast Asia and the influences of India and China on the region. Specifically, it summarizes the Khmer Empire and its capital of Angkor, as well as the island trading kingdoms of Srivijaya and the Sailendra Dynasty. The document also provides a brief overview of the history and geography of Vietnam and Korea, including the Koryu dynasty that ruled Korea.
The Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
The document summarizes the history and geography of kingdoms in Southeast Asia and Korea. It discusses the Khmer Empire in Cambodia and its capital city of Angkor Wat. It also describes the influence of India and China on the cultures and political systems of Vietnam and early Korean dynasties, and how climate and geography impacted development.
Europe During The Middle Ages
1) During the Middle Ages, Europe was dominated by feudalism following the fall of the Roman Empire. Feudalism organized society into a hierarchy with lords controlling land and vassals providing military service in exchange for land.
2) Vikings from Scandinavia explored Europe and even established a short-lived settlement in North America around 1000 AD. The Catholic Church was the center of religious and social life across Europe during this time.
3) International trade expanded between 600-1400 AD. The spread of Islam connected Africa, Asia, and Europe. The Silk Road enabled trade between China and the Mediterranean. African kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the gold and salt trades.
Oman
The document summarizes key aspects of Omani people, culture, and religion. It notes that Omanis have inhabited the southeast Arabian Peninsula for thousands of years and that Muscat became the leading Persian Gulf port in the 18th century. It describes traditional Omani male dress as a long white gown and common accessories. It also states that most Omanis are either Ibadha or Sunni Muslims, though there are small Hindu and Christian communities, and that Ibadhism has historically been the dominant sect despite the government not favoring any group.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with mainland areas and island groups. The climate is warm and humid with monsoon winds, and travel between islands was difficult due to seas and mountains. When Indian and Chinese merchants arrived, they spread Hinduism, Buddhism, and their languages and political ideas, influencing the region. The powerful Khmer Empire dominated trade and built impressive irrigation systems and structures like Angkor Wat. Island kingdoms like Srivijaya also rose to power by controlling important trade routes. Vietnam was influenced by China but maintained its own identity.
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Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes
Africa is the second largest continent, with diverse climate regions including rainforests, savannas, and deserts. Geographic features such as deserts, rainforests, and cataracts restricted movement, while the Great Rift Valley, Mediterranean Sea, and Red Sea facilitated easier movement. Resources in Africa include minerals like salt, gold, and iron. Camels enabled trading across deserts. The Sahara Desert was once habitable but climate change caused desertification. People migrated away from the drying Sahara. Nubia traded with and was controlled by Egypt at times. Phoenician traders founded Carthage on the North African coast, which grew into an empire controlling Mediterranean trade before being conquered by Rome. Islam
Lwd ppt
Southeast Asia is a region located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans that consists of mainland and island areas. Over time, many people migrated to the region, resulting in a diversity of languages and cultures. Kingdoms like the Khmer Empire in Cambodia and Srivijaya in Indonesia rose to prominence as early states. India and China also culturally influenced Southeast Asian societies through religion, political ideas, and trade. Vietnam developed its own identity while being influenced by China, and Korea existed as a mountainous, isolated peninsula governed by various groups over history.
Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific Oceans and includes countries like Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. It has a tropical climate and terrain that made travel and communication difficult historically. Kingdoms arose in Southeast Asia that were influenced by Indian and Chinese religions, culture and political systems through missionaries and trade. The Khmer Empire dominated mainland Southeast Asia for centuries and built elaborate irrigation systems and cities, most notably Angkor Wat in Cambodia. Island kingdoms like Srivijaya ruled extensive empires through controlling trade routes and taxing commerce. Vietnam developed a unique culture while absorbing influences from China during over 1,000 years of occupation.
Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
The document provides information about the kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea. It discusses the geography of Southeast Asia and the influences of India and China on the region. Specifically, it summarizes the Khmer Empire and its capital of Angkor, as well as the island trading kingdoms of Srivijaya and the Sailendra Dynasty. The document also provides a brief overview of the history and geography of Vietnam and Korea, including the Koryu dynasty that ruled Korea.
The Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
The document summarizes the history and geography of kingdoms in Southeast Asia and Korea. It discusses the Khmer Empire in Cambodia and its capital city of Angkor Wat. It also describes the influence of India and China on the cultures and political systems of Vietnam and early Korean dynasties, and how climate and geography impacted development.
Europe During The Middle Ages
1) During the Middle Ages, Europe was dominated by feudalism following the fall of the Roman Empire. Feudalism organized society into a hierarchy with lords controlling land and vassals providing military service in exchange for land.
2) Vikings from Scandinavia explored Europe and even established a short-lived settlement in North America around 1000 AD. The Catholic Church was the center of religious and social life across Europe during this time.
3) International trade expanded between 600-1400 AD. The spread of Islam connected Africa, Asia, and Europe. The Silk Road enabled trade between China and the Mediterranean. African kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the gold and salt trades.
Oman
The document summarizes key aspects of Omani people, culture, and religion. It notes that Omanis have inhabited the southeast Arabian Peninsula for thousands of years and that Muscat became the leading Persian Gulf port in the 18th century. It describes traditional Omani male dress as a long white gown and common accessories. It also states that most Omanis are either Ibadha or Sunni Muslims, though there are small Hindu and Christian communities, and that Ibadhism has historically been the dominant sect despite the government not favoring any group.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with mainland areas and island groups. The climate is warm and humid with monsoon winds, and travel between islands was difficult due to seas and mountains. When Indian and Chinese merchants arrived, they spread Hinduism, Buddhism, and their languages and political ideas, influencing the region. The powerful Khmer Empire dominated trade and built impressive irrigation systems and structures like Angkor Wat. Island kingdoms like Srivijaya also rose to power by controlling important trade routes. Vietnam was influenced by China but maintained its own identity.
Top Facts about Thailand That Will Surprise You!
Thailand officially referred to as the Kingdom of Thailand, previously known as Siam, is a nation at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. It occupies a total area of roughly 513,000 km² and it is the 51st biggest country in the world. It has a population of about 66 million people, making it the 20th most populated country in the globe.
Get more info : http://www.studycountry.com/guide/TH-history.htm
CLASS-IX : GEOGRAPHY-CHAPTER NO-02-PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA
I. India has a variety of physical features formed over geological time including mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts and coastal areas.
II. The major physiographic divisions are the Himalayan mountains, northern plains, peninsular plateau, Indian desert, coastal plains and islands.
III. The Himalayas are young fold mountains containing three parallel ranges, the northern plains are formed by the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, and the peninsular plateau was formed from the ancient Gondwana landmass.
South East Asia and Korea
The document provides an overview of the history and cultures of Southeast Asia and Korea. It describes how Southeast Asia developed diverse cultures as islands separated by seas, with Hinduism and Buddhism spreading through Indian and Chinese trade routes. The Khmer Empire dominated the region for centuries through rice agriculture and trade. Srivijaya later ruled the Strait of Malacca and surrounding areas, establishing a capital in Palembang as a center of Buddhist learning. Vietnam developed independently while absorbing some Chinese culture. Early Korean states were influenced by China but developed distinct cultures, and dynasties like Silla and Koryu centralized government while blending Confucianism with native traditions.
Global Powerpoint Project Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea[3]
Southeast Asia and the Korean peninsula contained powerful kingdoms in the early centuries AD. Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific oceans and includes mainland and island countries. India influenced the culture of Southeast Asia through Hindu and Buddhist missionaries beginning around 100 CE. Powerful kingdoms arose, including the Khmer Empire in Cambodia and the Srivijaya trading empire based in Sumatra. Vietnam was influenced by China but maintained independence. Korea's early history included Chinese domination and the development of its own writing system and three rival kingdoms, which were united by the Silla kingdom in the 600s CE. The Koryu Dynasty ruled Korea from 935-1392 CE and established a central government and civil service while also
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Kinddoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
The Khmer Empire dominated Southeast Asia for centuries through prosperous rice farming and impressive architecture like Angkor Wat. Srivijaya rose as a powerful trading empire in Java by taxing trade through their waters. Korea's geography made agriculture difficult, and its location exposed it to influence from China and Mongol rule. Early Vietnamese history saw domination by China before independence in the 10th century.
Global Powerpoint Project
The Khmer Empire originated in northern Cambodia and expanded along the Mekong River in the 800s. It relied on rice production for wealth, using irrigation systems to produce 3-4 crops per year rather than one. This provided enough food for the people. Women in the Khmer palace held higher status than in other civilizations, and played an important role as only women were allowed in the palace. Noble women were educated and sometimes served as judges.
Christina-Chloe-Brian-period5
The document summarizes the history and cultures of Southeast Asian kingdoms. It discusses the geography of the region, including its rivers and important waterways. It then describes the influence and spread of Indian and Chinese culture through migration and trade. It provides details on several important Southeast Asian empires and kingdoms, including the Khmer Empire in Cambodia, various island kingdoms in Indonesia, and Vietnam under Chinese rule.
Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea2
Southeast Asia has never been united politically or culturally. Throughout history, political power was controlled by those who controlled important trade routes and harbors. Kingdoms rose in Southeast Asia following the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism by Indian and Chinese missionaries and traders. One of the most powerful historic kingdoms was the Khmer Empire, which dominated much of the region's sea trade between India and China from the 9th to 13th centuries. The Khmer were able to build an empire and prosperous cities like Angkor, with its impressive architecture like Angkor Wat temple. Other influential kingdoms included the Sailendra Dynasty in Java and the Srivijaya naval empire based in Sumatra and Borneo that grew wealthy
Chapter 13 section 1
Africa has diverse geography including deserts, rainforests, and savannas. Several powerful empires rose in West Africa between 400-1500 CE including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai which controlled trade routes across the Sahara desert and grew wealthy from gold and salt trading. Other civilizations included the Benin and Kongo kingdoms in central Africa and the Ethiopian and Zimbabwean kingdoms in East Africa, which participated in regional and international trade networks.
West African Kingdoms
1. Three major West African kingdoms dominated the region from around 300 CE to 1600 CE. Ghana rose first through the gold-salt trade with North Africa, but declined after attacks in the 11th century.
2. Mali then grew to become the largest of the three kingdoms under Mansa Musa's rule in the 14th century. His pilgrimage to Mecca demonstrated Mali's vast wealth. However, internal divisions later weakened Mali.
3. The Songhai Empire subsequently controlled the region from the 1400s-1500s through strong leadership and naval power on the Niger River. But it fell in 1591 when its army was defeated by Moroccan forces using advanced gunpow
West African Civilizations [PDF]
The kings of Ghana became wealthy by taxing salt and controlling the price of gold. They taxed salt heavily as it was traded across the Sahara Desert. They also kept the location of gold mines secret to keep gold prices high and only allowed people to own gold dust, not large nuggets. Ghana's empire declined after losing a war to the Almoravids, which weakened the kingdom and led to internal rebellions. The Mali Empire then rose to power under Sundiata and grew greatly wealthy under Mansa Musa as he expanded the empire and promoted Islam. However, Mali later declined and the Songhai Empire formed, becoming powerful under Sunni Ali before Askia Muhammad rose to lead a successful
Ancient african civilization
Ancient African Civilizations such as Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai and the Bantu peoples flourished between 750 BCE to 1500CE. They developed complex societies, economies and trade networks across diverse geographical zones in Africa. Major trading empires like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the trade of gold, salt and other goods. States such as Great Zimbabwe emerged in Southern Africa and traded gold with Swahili port cities on the East Coast.
Saharian Trade Routes
West African empires like Mali and Songhai grew wealthy through trans-Saharan trade routes between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa from 1050 to 1500. Camels and the invention of the camel saddle enabled traders to carry goods like gold, salt, and ivory across the vast Sahara Desert, connecting Mediterranean ports to southern African markets. Salt from the Sahara was especially valuable and was often traded for gold and other goods, fueling the rise of powerful empires in West Africa through taxing trade along these routes.
Saharian Trade Routes
West African empires like Mali and Songhai grew wealthy through trans-Saharan trade routes between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa from 1050 to 1500. Camels and the invention of the camel saddle enabled traders to carry goods like gold, salt, and other resources across the vast Sahara Desert, connecting Mediterranean ports to southern African markets. Salt deposits in the desert were highly valuable, as salt was a precious and scarce commodity south of the Sahara, and traders could exchange salt for gold and other goods. This lucrative salt trade helped ancient empires like Mali and Ghana rise to power by taxing goods along the routes.
Ancient African Civilizations
The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It discusses the Kush civilization in Nubia, the Axum civilization in Ethiopia, the Ghana empire which dominated gold and salt trade, the large Mali empire under Mansa Musa, and the Songhai empire centered along the Niger River. It also describes the Bantu migrations and establishment of trading port cities along the East African coast that participated in Indian Ocean trade networks.
ancientafricancivilization-121102140230-phpapp01.pdf
The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It describes the geography and climate of Africa and provides details on the Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires that dominated trade routes and flourished during this period. It also discusses the Bantu migrations and the growth of Swahili culture and trading ports along the East African coast that engaged in the Indian Ocean trade network.
Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
Earlyafrica
The document provides an overview of Africa's geography, including its major deserts like the Sahara and Kalahari, rivers like the Nile and Congo, and landmarks like Mount Kenya and Lake Victoria. It discusses how Africa's geography made trade difficult, relying on camels, and how people originally from West Africa migrated south and east in Bantu Migrations. It also outlines influences on Africa from civilizations like ancient Nubia, Carthage, the Romans, and Muslim Arabs.
Africa powerpoint
The document provides an overview of the history and geography of Africa, describing early civilizations like Egypt, Kush, and Aksum. It then discusses several powerful West African empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that dominated the region from 700-1500 AD through trade of gold and other goods. The document also notes the diversity of cultures and religions across Africa as well as the impact of the transatlantic slave trade after 1500.
Chap_11_-_Africa.ppt
The document provides an overview of kingdoms and trading states in Africa from 730 BC to 1591 AD. It discusses the influence of geography on trade and resources, including the Sahara Desert acting as a barrier. Major kingdoms discussed include Nubia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa, which prospered through trade of gold and salt. In East Africa, it describes the kingdoms of Axum and city-states along the Swahili coast that engaged in trade. Family structures, political systems, religions, arts and oral traditions of medieval African societies are also summarized.
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Top Facts about Thailand That Will Surprise You!
Thailand officially referred to as the Kingdom of Thailand, previously known as Siam, is a nation at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. It occupies a total area of roughly 513,000 km² and it is the 51st biggest country in the world. It has a population of about 66 million people, making it the 20th most populated country in the globe.
Get more info : http://www.studycountry.com/guide/TH-history.htm
CLASS-IX : GEOGRAPHY-CHAPTER NO-02-PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA
I. India has a variety of physical features formed over geological time including mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts and coastal areas.
II. The major physiographic divisions are the Himalayan mountains, northern plains, peninsular plateau, Indian desert, coastal plains and islands.
III. The Himalayas are young fold mountains containing three parallel ranges, the northern plains are formed by the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, and the peninsular plateau was formed from the ancient Gondwana landmass.
South East Asia and Korea
The document provides an overview of the history and cultures of Southeast Asia and Korea. It describes how Southeast Asia developed diverse cultures as islands separated by seas, with Hinduism and Buddhism spreading through Indian and Chinese trade routes. The Khmer Empire dominated the region for centuries through rice agriculture and trade. Srivijaya later ruled the Strait of Malacca and surrounding areas, establishing a capital in Palembang as a center of Buddhist learning. Vietnam developed independently while absorbing some Chinese culture. Early Korean states were influenced by China but developed distinct cultures, and dynasties like Silla and Koryu centralized government while blending Confucianism with native traditions.
Global Powerpoint Project Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea[3]
Southeast Asia and the Korean peninsula contained powerful kingdoms in the early centuries AD. Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific oceans and includes mainland and island countries. India influenced the culture of Southeast Asia through Hindu and Buddhist missionaries beginning around 100 CE. Powerful kingdoms arose, including the Khmer Empire in Cambodia and the Srivijaya trading empire based in Sumatra. Vietnam was influenced by China but maintained independence. Korea's early history included Chinese domination and the development of its own writing system and three rival kingdoms, which were united by the Silla kingdom in the 600s CE. The Koryu Dynasty ruled Korea from 935-1392 CE and established a central government and civil service while also
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The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and cultures of Southeast Asia. It describes how Southeast Asia is made up of a peninsula and islands separated by seas and rivers. It then discusses several early trading kingdoms that ruled parts of Southeast Asia, including the Srivijaya and Khmer Empires. It also outlines Chinese and Indian cultural influences on religion, language, and political structures across Southeast Asia over time.
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This short document discusses different socioeconomic classes, mentioning rich people as the first class and high middle class as the second class discussed. No other details or context is provided about these classes.
Kinddoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
The Khmer Empire dominated Southeast Asia for centuries through prosperous rice farming and impressive architecture like Angkor Wat. Srivijaya rose as a powerful trading empire in Java by taxing trade through their waters. Korea's geography made agriculture difficult, and its location exposed it to influence from China and Mongol rule. Early Vietnamese history saw domination by China before independence in the 10th century.
Global Powerpoint Project
The Khmer Empire originated in northern Cambodia and expanded along the Mekong River in the 800s. It relied on rice production for wealth, using irrigation systems to produce 3-4 crops per year rather than one. This provided enough food for the people. Women in the Khmer palace held higher status than in other civilizations, and played an important role as only women were allowed in the palace. Noble women were educated and sometimes served as judges.
Christina-Chloe-Brian-period5
The document summarizes the history and cultures of Southeast Asian kingdoms. It discusses the geography of the region, including its rivers and important waterways. It then describes the influence and spread of Indian and Chinese culture through migration and trade. It provides details on several important Southeast Asian empires and kingdoms, including the Khmer Empire in Cambodia, various island kingdoms in Indonesia, and Vietnam under Chinese rule.
Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea2
Southeast Asia has never been united politically or culturally. Throughout history, political power was controlled by those who controlled important trade routes and harbors. Kingdoms rose in Southeast Asia following the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism by Indian and Chinese missionaries and traders. One of the most powerful historic kingdoms was the Khmer Empire, which dominated much of the region's sea trade between India and China from the 9th to 13th centuries. The Khmer were able to build an empire and prosperous cities like Angkor, with its impressive architecture like Angkor Wat temple. Other influential kingdoms included the Sailendra Dynasty in Java and the Srivijaya naval empire based in Sumatra and Borneo that grew wealthy
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CLASS-IX : GEOGRAPHY-CHAPTER NO-02-PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA
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Global Powerpoint Project Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea[3]
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Chapter 13 section 1
Africa has diverse geography including deserts, rainforests, and savannas. Several powerful empires rose in West Africa between 400-1500 CE including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai which controlled trade routes across the Sahara desert and grew wealthy from gold and salt trading. Other civilizations included the Benin and Kongo kingdoms in central Africa and the Ethiopian and Zimbabwean kingdoms in East Africa, which participated in regional and international trade networks.
West African Kingdoms
1. Three major West African kingdoms dominated the region from around 300 CE to 1600 CE. Ghana rose first through the gold-salt trade with North Africa, but declined after attacks in the 11th century.
2. Mali then grew to become the largest of the three kingdoms under Mansa Musa's rule in the 14th century. His pilgrimage to Mecca demonstrated Mali's vast wealth. However, internal divisions later weakened Mali.
3. The Songhai Empire subsequently controlled the region from the 1400s-1500s through strong leadership and naval power on the Niger River. But it fell in 1591 when its army was defeated by Moroccan forces using advanced gunpow
West African Civilizations [PDF]
The kings of Ghana became wealthy by taxing salt and controlling the price of gold. They taxed salt heavily as it was traded across the Sahara Desert. They also kept the location of gold mines secret to keep gold prices high and only allowed people to own gold dust, not large nuggets. Ghana's empire declined after losing a war to the Almoravids, which weakened the kingdom and led to internal rebellions. The Mali Empire then rose to power under Sundiata and grew greatly wealthy under Mansa Musa as he expanded the empire and promoted Islam. However, Mali later declined and the Songhai Empire formed, becoming powerful under Sunni Ali before Askia Muhammad rose to lead a successful
Ancient african civilization
Ancient African Civilizations such as Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai and the Bantu peoples flourished between 750 BCE to 1500CE. They developed complex societies, economies and trade networks across diverse geographical zones in Africa. Major trading empires like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the trade of gold, salt and other goods. States such as Great Zimbabwe emerged in Southern Africa and traded gold with Swahili port cities on the East Coast.
Saharian Trade Routes
West African empires like Mali and Songhai grew wealthy through trans-Saharan trade routes between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa from 1050 to 1500. Camels and the invention of the camel saddle enabled traders to carry goods like gold, salt, and ivory across the vast Sahara Desert, connecting Mediterranean ports to southern African markets. Salt from the Sahara was especially valuable and was often traded for gold and other goods, fueling the rise of powerful empires in West Africa through taxing trade along these routes.
Saharian Trade Routes
West African empires like Mali and Songhai grew wealthy through trans-Saharan trade routes between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa from 1050 to 1500. Camels and the invention of the camel saddle enabled traders to carry goods like gold, salt, and other resources across the vast Sahara Desert, connecting Mediterranean ports to southern African markets. Salt deposits in the desert were highly valuable, as salt was a precious and scarce commodity south of the Sahara, and traders could exchange salt for gold and other goods. This lucrative salt trade helped ancient empires like Mali and Ghana rise to power by taxing goods along the routes.
Ancient African Civilizations
The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It discusses the Kush civilization in Nubia, the Axum civilization in Ethiopia, the Ghana empire which dominated gold and salt trade, the large Mali empire under Mansa Musa, and the Songhai empire centered along the Niger River. It also describes the Bantu migrations and establishment of trading port cities along the East African coast that participated in Indian Ocean trade networks.
ancientafricancivilization-121102140230-phpapp01.pdf
The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It describes the geography and climate of Africa and provides details on the Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires that dominated trade routes and flourished during this period. It also discusses the Bantu migrations and the growth of Swahili culture and trading ports along the East African coast that engaged in the Indian Ocean trade network.
Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
Earlyafrica
The document provides an overview of Africa's geography, including its major deserts like the Sahara and Kalahari, rivers like the Nile and Congo, and landmarks like Mount Kenya and Lake Victoria. It discusses how Africa's geography made trade difficult, relying on camels, and how people originally from West Africa migrated south and east in Bantu Migrations. It also outlines influences on Africa from civilizations like ancient Nubia, Carthage, the Romans, and Muslim Arabs.
Africa powerpoint
The document provides an overview of the history and geography of Africa, describing early civilizations like Egypt, Kush, and Aksum. It then discusses several powerful West African empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that dominated the region from 700-1500 AD through trade of gold and other goods. The document also notes the diversity of cultures and religions across Africa as well as the impact of the transatlantic slave trade after 1500.
Chap_11_-_Africa.ppt
The document provides an overview of kingdoms and trading states in Africa from 730 BC to 1591 AD. It discusses the influence of geography on trade and resources, including the Sahara Desert acting as a barrier. Major kingdoms discussed include Nubia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa, which prospered through trade of gold and salt. In East Africa, it describes the kingdoms of Axum and city-states along the Swahili coast that engaged in trade. Family structures, political systems, religions, arts and oral traditions of medieval African societies are also summarized.
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This document discusses the diversity of African societies and kingdoms throughout history. It describes stateless and state-based societies in Africa and how Islam arrived in North Africa. It then discusses the powerful kingdoms that arose in West Africa, including Mali and Songhai along the Niger River valley. It also summarizes the coastal trading kingdoms along East Africa's Swahili coast that blended Bantu, Islamic, and Southeast Asian cultures. Finally, it mentions some of the influential forest and plains kingdoms like Yoruba, Benin, Luba, Kongo, and the Mwene Mutapa kingdom in Zimbabwe.
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This slide show aims to draw connections between the empire of Mali at the height of its power under Mansa Musa, and modern day Mali. There are several topics presented, and there is room from inquiry throughout the slide show. I used photos from my travels throughout Mali and to Timbuktu. The slides also correspond with the Mansa Musa Readers Theatre, but it is not essential for you to have this in order to find the slide show accessible.
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The Three Kingdoms of West Africa document summarizes the rise and fall of three major West African empires - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai - between 500 AD to 1600 AD. It describes how Ghana grew wealthy through gold and salt trade across the Sahara desert until its decline in the 1200s due to attacks from North Africa and overgrazing. Mali then grew to power under Mansa Musa in the 1300s, spreading Islam and education. However, Mali fell after Timbuktu's schools and mosques were destroyed in the late 1400s. Finally, Songhai rebelled against Mali in the 1400s and rose to a great empire under Askia before being conquered by Morocco
Africa powerpoint
Africa has diverse geography including plateaus, mountains, deserts, grasslands, and jungles. It is the second largest continent, nearly 4 times the size of the United States. Ancient civilizations like Egypt, Carthage, and various kingdoms in Northeast Africa established some of the earliest civilizations on the continent. Major West African empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished due to gold and trade along the Niger River. East African city-states engaged in trade with Arabs and Persians. Forest kingdoms provided goods to the city-states and the Kingdom of Benin had great artistic accomplishments. African culture was based around family, clan, and tribe with diverse religious beliefs and reliance on farming
Ancient Africa
This document provides a timeline and overview of major events and developments in African history from ancient times through the 1600s AD. It notes that ancient civilizations like Kush and Axum emerged in Northeast Africa as early as 2500 BC. Major empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai rose and fell in West Africa between 400-1500 AD, controlling important trade networks. The Bantu migrations spread new peoples and languages across Central and Southern Africa between 500 BC-1500 AD. East African city-states like Kilwa and Sofala flourished as trading hubs. The slave trade intensified between 1500-1800, transporting over 11 million Africans across the Atlantic.
African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
African trading kingdoms
Powerful kingdoms emerged in West Africa due to the trans-Saharan salt-gold trade. The Empire of Ghana grew wealthy from taxing the trade between North and West Africa. The Empire of Mali later invaded Ghana and established control over the salt-gold trade, becoming enormously wealthy under Mansa Musa who went on Hajj to Mecca. His pilgrimage established Mali's wealth and prominence. The trading empires grew rich from controlling the trade routes and taxing the goods that passed through their territories.
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ancientafricancivilization-121102140230-phpapp01.pdf
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Ch01 introduction to_human_geography
This document provides an overview of key concepts in human geography. It defines human geography as the study of how people make places and interact across space. It discusses how geographers use fieldwork and ask "why" and "so what" questions to understand linkages between places. The document also introduces the concepts of globalization, geographic scales, regions, and mental maps. It explains that reference maps show locations while thematic maps tell stories about attributes and their distribution. Finally, it discusses diffusion and how cultures and ideas spread from hearths to other areas through various types of diffusion like expansion, hierarchical, and stimulus diffusion.
Achievements
This document summarizes the achievements of several ancient civilizations including Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. It describes some of Mesopotamia's achievements like inventing the wheel and developing early literature. For Egypt it notes the development of geometry, a 360-day calendar, and early medical practices. India is credited with developing the concept of zero in math and understanding that the earth is round. China made advancements in infrastructure like roads and canals, set legal standards, and invented technologies such as gunpowder, the compass, and movable type printing. Overall it presents that ancient civilizations advanced technology and those with strong education and governments made the most progress.
Bay of pigs and cuban missile crisis
The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 was a failure as Cuban exiles attempting to overthrow Fidel Castro were defeated or taken hostage. In response, Castro strengthened ties with the Soviet Union. Later, U.S. spy planes discovered that the Soviet Union was constructing nuclear missile sites in Cuba, just 90 miles from the United States. President Kennedy imposed a blockade of Cuba and threatened military action if the missiles were not removed. After 13 days of heightened tensions, the Soviet Union agreed to remove the nuclear missiles from Cuba in exchange for the U.S. removing its missiles from Italy and Turkey, averting nuclear war.
Sub saharan
Africa has diverse geography, including mountains along the northern coast and eastern region, the Sahara Desert, savannas with unreliable rainfall, and rainforests with warm temperatures and heavy rainfall. The Great Rift Valley contains deep canyons surrounded by mountains. Several early African kingdoms emerged, including Ghana near the west coast which traded gold for salt with Muslims and engaged in ivory and slave trades with Berber nomads. Mali rose as a strong empire along the same region as Ghana, trading salt and gold; under Mansa Musa's rule from 1312 to 1337, Mali doubled in size and Timbuktu became a center of Muslim learning. Later, Songhai conquered Timbuktu and
Alexander the great
Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC in Macedon, Greece. He was a skilled military commander who conquered many territories across Asia and India. Some of his major conquests included defeating King Darius III of Persia and conquering the powerful Indian ruler Porus. Alexander died at the age of 33 in 323 BC in Babylon, leaving behind an empire but no clear heir to his throne.
Protestant reformation
Martin Luther was a Catholic monk who began to disagree with some of the Church's teachings after intensely studying the Bible. He compiled a list of 95 issues with the Catholic Church known as the 95 theses and nailed them to the door of a church. This angered the Catholic Church, who excommunicated Luther. While in hiding, Luther translated the Bible into German so more people could read it, influencing the Protestant Reformation and formation of new Christian denominations separate from Catholic authority.
Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther was an educated man who studied law but later became a monk where he devoted himself to studying the Bible. He began to disagree with Catholic Church teachings, believing salvation came from faith alone rather than good deeds. Luther compiled a list of 95 issues with the Church and nailed it to a church door, known as the 95 Theses. This angered the Church and Luther was excommunicated. While in hiding, Luther translated the Bible to German and his teachings influenced the formation of new Christian denominations as part of the Protestant Reformation, separate from the Catholic Church's power.
Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther was a Catholic monk who began to disagree with some of the Church's teachings after intensely studying the Bible. He took issue with the Church's practice of selling indulgences to forgive sins and gain favor with God, as well as the idea that salvation comes from good deeds rather than faith alone. In 1517, Luther wrote 95 theses criticizing these practices and had them nailed to the door of a church, sparking the Protestant Reformation. The Catholic Church excommunicated Luther in response, but his writings influenced many people and new Protestant denominations formed independent of Catholic authority.
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched between 1095 and 1291 CE in response to Pope Urban II's call for Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim rule. The First Crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem for Christians in 1099 CE, though later crusades struggled, including the Second Crusade's failure and Saladin's capture of Jerusalem in 1187 CE. The Third Crusade recaptured some territory but failed to retake Jerusalem, while the Fourth Crusade saw Christians regain control of the city.
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Sub saharan
- 1. Africa I. Geography of Africa A. Diverse 1. Mountains on North coast and East 2. Sahara Desert – largest on Earth 3. Savannas – grasslands with unreliable rainfall 4. Rainforest – heavy rains, warm temperatures 5. Great Rift Valley – deep canyons surrounded by mountains
- 2. Ghana II. African Kingdoms A. Ghana – near West coast 1. had lots of gold and iron 2. Traded gold for salt with Muslims a. salt preserved food 3. Berbers – nomadic traders on camelback a. ivory, ostrich feathers, hides, slaves 4. Eventually conquered by Muslims
- 3. Mali – Same area as Ghana Empire B. Mali – Atlantic coast 1. strong government 2. traded salt & gold 3. Mansa Musa – strong ruler 1312 – 1337 a. doubled size of Mali b. Muslim c. made pilgrimage 1. brought back architects, scholars, books Timbuktu -Center of Muslim learning
- 4. Songhai -Southeast part of Niger River Valley -Sunni Ali -Conquered Timbuktu, and Mali -Peaked around 1500 under rule of Mohammed Askia