Stylistic devices
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Personification is a figure of speech that gives human qualities to non-human things like objects, animals, ideas or natural phenomena. It involves describing something in a way that makes it seem able to act like humans, such as describing clouds marching across the sky. Apostrophe is similar but involves directly addressing someone or something that is absent or not human as if they are present. Both are common literary devices used to make writing more engaging or emphasize a point.
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Literary Criticism, II, Russian formalism
Russian formalism was a school of literary criticism that originated in Russia around 1915 and focused on analyzing the form and stylistic devices used in literature rather than their social or historical context. The movement emphasized making aspects of language unfamiliar through techniques like defamiliarization to draw attention to a text's artificiality and how it conveys meaning through form over content. Key concepts included literariness, the idea that literary language is distinguished from ordinary language by its use of devices like metaphor, rhyme and rhythm.
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Stylistics is the study of style in texts. It examines an author's distinctive use of features like vocabulary, grammar, figures of speech and their effects. Foregrounding refers to linguistic features that are made prominent in a text to achieve special effects. It relates to deviation from ordinary language norms. Foregrounding devices attract attention and influence a reader's interpretation through what is emphasized versus backgrounded.
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The document provides an overview of Russian Formalism, a literary theory that emerged in Russia in the early 20th century. It discusses the main figures and ideas of the movement, which rejected impressionistic criticism and aimed to develop a scientific study of literature. Key concepts included defamiliarization, distinguishing between the story and plot of a work, and the idea that literary language differs from practical language. Russian Formalism influenced later schools like Structuralism and focused on analyzing the form rather than content of literature.
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Stylistic devices
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This paper aims to analyze ‘EID’ by Auragzeb Alamgir Hashmi from stylistic perspectives including graphological, grammatical, phonological, syntactic and semantic issues. The analysis will help the reader understand not only theoretical aspects of the poem but also its technical ones. So, the study is conducted to analyze graphological, grammatical, phonological, syntactic and semantic issues. It has been helpful to comprehend theme, cultural aspects of Pakistani society, its structure and stylistic issues.
Stylistic devices
Alliteration draws attention to phrases by repeating initial consonant sounds in neighbouring words. It is often used for emphasis. Metaphor compares two different things in a figurative sense by using descriptive language rather than "like" or "as". Synecdoche uses a part to represent the whole or vice versa in a figurative expression that is closely associated.
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This document summarizes Aristotle's six elements of tragedy: plot, character, thought, diction, song, and spectacle. It explains that plot is the most important element and soul of tragedy, involving events arranged in a complex manner. It describes Aristotle's views on each element and how they contribute to an effective tragedy, such as realistic characters and appropriate language. The document concludes that Aristotle's theory provides a framework for analyzing fine art.
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Stylistics - Norm and Deviation.
This document provides an overview of norm and deviation in stylistics. It discusses how deviation occurs when something departs from an established norm or convention. Deviations can happen at various linguistic levels, such as phonological, syntactic, or semantic levels. The document also categorizes different types of deviations, such as discourse deviation, semantic deviation, lexical deviation, and morphological deviation. It explains norms as regulators that control linguistic variants and how norms allow for flexible fluctuations in language.
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This document outlines different levels of stylistic analysis for examining written works, including graphology, phonology, grammar, lexical analysis, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse analysis. It provides examples of features analyzed at each level, such as rhyme schemes, punctuation, parts of speech, inferences, and repetitions. The document also discusses word frequency analysis and lists common literary devices and techniques.
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The document defines the term "assassin" as a murderer who kills prominent figures, often professionally. It explains that during the Crusades, a secret Muslim sect hired people under the influence of hashish to perform murders as a religious duty against their Christian enemies, becoming known as "hashshashin" which later evolved into the word "assassin." The document also provides learning objectives and vocabulary for exploring phonology, phonemes, prosody, and the International Phonetic Alphabet.
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This document discusses the concept of imitation in literature according to Plato and Aristotle. Plato viewed imitation as being twice removed from reality and saw poetry as a dangerous rival to morality. In contrast, Aristotle gave imitation new significance and saw poetry as one of the fine arts that involves creative vision rather than mere copying. The document also notes that while all art involves imitation, the medium of imitation differs between forms like poetry and painting. It concludes by stating that poetic imitation focuses on portraying people in action that may be better or worse than real life.
The London School of Linguistics
The London School of Linguistics studies language descriptively, distinguishing structural and systemic concepts. It focuses on semantics and contributed the situational theory of meaning and prosodic analysis in phonology. The school considers the distinctive function the primary phoneme function and rejects concepts like the speech collective. Its main representatives were Henry Sweet, Daniel Jones, and J.R. Firth. Firth established the London School tradition and questioned dividing speech into segments, focusing on larger phonetic elements. He developed a contextual theory of meaning influenced by Malinowski and emphasized use in context. Firth's ideas were developed by students like M.A.K. Halliday into systemic functional grammar.
Systemic Functional Grammar
This document provides an introduction to Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG). It discusses the following key points:
1) SFG views language as a system of choices and was developed based on the work of Malinowski, Firth, and Halliday. It examines language from a functional perspective rather than just a structural perspective.
2) SFG represents grammar as system networks that show the paradigmatic choices available and realization rules that map choices to syntactic structures. This models the relationship between semantic choices and surface structures.
3) In SFG, language is analyzed in terms of three metafunctions - the ideational to represent experience, the interpersonal to enact social relationships, and the textual to organize messages
Aristotle nsn
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher from the 4th century BC who made seminal contributions to many fields including metaphysics, logic, ethics, politics, and literary criticism. He wrote Poetics, considered the first work of literary theory, which analyzed Greek tragedy and established principles for understanding dramatic art. In Poetics, Aristotle defines tragedy as an imitation of action that arouses pity and fear through catharsis. He identifies six elements of tragedy - plot, character, diction, thought, melody, and spectacle - and describes how they work together to achieve the desired emotional effect. Aristotle's analysis of tragedy set the standard for dramatic criticism for centuries.
Stylistics Analysis
This document discusses stylistic analysis of literary texts. It identifies four levels of stylistic analysis: phonological, grammatical, lexical, and graphological. At the phonological level, it examines sound patterns. The grammatical level analyzes sentence structure and parts of speech. Lexically, it studies word choices and semantics. Graphologically, it considers writing conventions. The document provides an example analysis of the poem "maggie and milly and molly and may" to illustrate the application of these levels and derivation of meaning through stylistic techniques. It concludes that stylistic analysis is useful for literary interpretation and for teachers to help students better understand poetry.
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Stylistic Analysis of Aurangzeb Alamgir?s Poem ?EID?
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Stylistic devices
The document discusses various literary devices and techniques used in writing. It defines stylistic devices as characteristics that make a text distinctive. It explains that writers use literary devices like figurative language and imagery to improve writing and make it more interesting. Some examples of literary devices provided include metaphor, simile, personification, and irony. The document also covers other concepts like tone, conflict, and forms of poetry like couplet and haiku.
Japanese Literature
Japanese literature has a long history dating back to the Yamato/Kofun period in the 3rd-8th centuries CE. Major developments include the introduction of Chinese writing, Buddhism, and Confucianism during this time. The Tale of Genji, written by Murasaki Shikibu in the early 11th century, is considered the world's first novel and provides insights into aristocratic Heian period culture and society. Traditional Japanese genres that developed include haiku poetry, Noh drama, and Kabuki theater. Modern Japanese media like anime and films continue to be influenced by traditional literary and artistic forms.
Literary Devices
The document defines and provides examples of various types of figurative language including simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, irony, symbol, imagery, alliteration, and paradox. Figurative language is a literary device that uses words in non-literal ways to help readers visualize and understand what is happening in a story or poem. Examples are given for each type of figurative language.
Literary Devices
1. The document defines various literary devices including figurative language such as similes, metaphors, hyperbole, and personification. It also discusses alliteration, imagery, onomatopoeia, characterization, narration, foreshadowing, free verse, dialect, flashbacks, point of view, irony, humor, satire, suspense, style, and symbols.
2. Examples are provided for many of the literary devices to illustrate their meanings.
3. Literary devices are techniques used by writers to convey meaning, develop characters, provide structure, and engage readers.
Japanese literature
Japan has a long history of unique cultural traditions that are reflected in its literature, art, and ceremonies. Japanese literature dates back to at least the 8th century AD and includes notable works like the Man'yoshu poetry anthology and Murasaki Shikibu's 11th century novel The Tale of Genji. Traditional Japanese ceremonies like the tea ceremony, weddings, and funerals follow customs that are deeply rooted in Japanese cultural heritage. Festivals also incorporate contests demonstrating artistic and literary skills that have been part of Japanese culture for centuries.
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The document discusses discourse analysis and key concepts in analyzing language use and interpretation. It covers the Hallidayan model of language which analyzes context of culture, context of situation (including field, tenor, mode), genre, and register. It also discusses Grice's cooperative principle and maxims of conversation, implicatures, and approaches to discourse analysis including initial analysis, conversation analysis, and critical discourse analysis.
Indian literature- RAMAYANA
The Ramayana is an ancient Indian epic that follows the journey of Prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. Some key points of the summary are:
- Rama is exiled from his kingdom for 14 years by his stepmother. His wife Sita and brother Lakshmana accompany him.
- In the forest, Ravana's sister tries to seduce Rama but is rejected. She tells Ravana about Sita's beauty, sparking his desire to abduct her.
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Apostrophe, Imagery, Symbolism, Denotation and Connotation | Basic literary t...
Apostrophe, Imagery, Symbolism, Denotation and Connotation | Basic literary t...Mohammad Jashim Uddin
The document provides definitions and examples of several literary devices and terms, including apostrophe, imagery, symbolism, denotation, and connotation. It begins by defining apostrophe as a figure of speech where a writer speaks directly to someone absent or non-existent. Examples from literature are provided. Imagery is explained as using language to represent ideas through senses. Common types and examples are given. Symbolism represents ideas through symbolic meanings different from literal senses, with common symbols and a literature example outlined. Denotation and connotation are then defined as the literal versus implied meanings of words, with distinguishing examples provided.Figures of speech
This document provides definitions and examples of various figures of speech that can be used in writing to engage readers. It lists similes, metaphors, personification, onomatopoeia, metonymy, synecdoche, antonomasia, apostrophe, oxymoron, irony, hyperbole, euphemism, puns, climax, and anaphora. The document warns that while these devices can make writing more lively, overusing them can become tiresome for readers. Moderation is key to effectively employing figurative language.
Figures of speech
This document defines and provides examples of various figures of speech including simile, metaphor, personification, apostrophe, hyperbole, euphemism, antithesis, epigram, oxymoron, irony, pun, metonymy, synecdoche, and onomatopoeia. A simile directly compares two things using "like", "as", or other connective. A metaphor compares two unlike things by stating one is the other. Personification attributes human traits to non-humans. Apostrophe addresses imaginary beings. Hyperbole exaggerates for effect. Euphemisms soften taboo topics. Antithesis contrasts opposites. Epigrams are brief, memorable statements. Oxymorons combine contradict
Imagery, symbolism, and allusionImageryImagery refers
Imagery, symbolism, and allusion
Imagery
Imagery refers to the creation of mental images – sight, sound, taste, touch – through words.
Imagery is related to the themes and ideas of a poem. Poets use imagery to create an experience that opens the reader up to the poem’s themes and ideas.
Types of imagery
Visual imagery uses words to create sights. In Pound’s “In a Station of the Metro,” the visual is that of faces in a station crowd. In Pound’s image, these faces are “Petals on a wet, black bough” (line 2).
Auditory imagery captures sounds. In “Preludes,” Eliot’s images of the city include the familiar sounds of inner-city life:
The showers beat
On broken blinds and chimney-pots,
And at the corner of the street
A lonely cab-horse steams and stamps. (lines 9 – 12)
Types of imagery
Olfactory imagery uses smell to create an experience. It’s quite direct in Eliot’s “Preludes”: “The winter evening settles down / With smell of steaks in passageways” (lines 1-2). And again: “The morning comes to consciousness / Of faint stale smells of beer” (14-15).
Gustatory imagery describes tastes. In “Ode to a Nightingale,” Keats describes pining for the taste of wine thus: “O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been / Cool’d a long age in the deep-delved earth, / Tasting of Flora and the country green” (lines 11 – 13).
Types of imagery
Tactile imagery relates to touch and texture. Eliot’s “Preludes” creates a cycle of urban life that connects day and night, work and rest, using images:
Sitting along the bed’s edge, where
You curled the papers from your hair
Or clasped the yellow soles of feet
In the palms of both soiled hands. (lines 35-38)
Kinetic imagery is images of general motion, while kinesthetic imagery is images of human or animal movement. In “Sonnet 130,” Shakespeare describes the awkward walk of his beloved: “My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground” (line 12).
Symbolism
Symbolism is the use of symbols to create meaning in an imaginative way.
A symbol is a thing that represents something else. Think of symbolism as using code to express ideas.
A word, an action, a setting, a character, a situation – all of these can be symbolic and, as symbols, significant to the themes and ideas of a work.
Symbolism
Symbols are often indirect and subtle. For example, one wouldn’t say that a character’s cough is a symbol for the character’s illness. The cough is a symptom of the illness and directly related to it.
Be careful how you use the terms “symbolism,” “symbolize,” and “symbol.” Often students use “symbolizes” when they actually mean “represents” in the general sense.
Identifying symbolism and symbols in works of literature is interpretation, and, like all interpretation, it must be supported by the text.
symbolism
Cultural or universal symbols are symbols that are common and easily recognized. Spring as a symbol for new life is a cultural/universal symbol.
Contextual, private, or authorial symbols are sy ...
Figurative language
This document defines and provides examples of various types of figurative language and literary devices used in writing. It discusses simile, metaphor, denotation, connotation, imagery, symbolism, allusion, verisimilitude, hyperbole, onomatopoeia, oxymoron, personification, alliteration, consonance, assonance, diction, syntax, irony, tone, and more. Examples are given to illustrate each concept.
Presentation1s.pptx
This document provides definitions and examples of various phonetic devices used in writing, including alliteration, personification, similes, foreshadowing, satire, symbolism, onomatopoeia, metaphors, hyperbole, and oxymorons. Alliteration involves repeating initial sounds of words. Personification gives human traits to non-human things. Similes compare two unlike things using "like" or "as". Foreshadowing hints at future events. Satire uses humor to critique society. Symbolism imbues objects with deeper meaning. Onomatopoeia mimics sounds. Metaphors directly state one thing is another. Hyperbole exaggerates for effect. Oxymorons pair contradictory ideas.
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Tp poetic terms
Simple and to the point explanation of the more basic poetic terminology - each term has an example to support understanding.
Interactive voting lesson poetry ideas
The document provides ideas and techniques for writing a poem about the sun, including using rhyme, alliteration, metaphor, imagery, and personification. It includes example lines that demonstrate these different poetic techniques. Suggestions are made for describing the sun in creative ways and for writing one's own poem about the sun using a kenning structure.
unit 3 Figure of Speech.pptx
The document discusses various poetic devices used by poets to depart from ordinary expression and produce greater effect, including simile, metaphor, personification, apostrophe, oxymoron, epigram, irony, transferred epithet, rhetorical question, connotation, imagery, rhyme and rhythm, onomatopoeia, and tone. These devices give beauty and richness to poems and must be identified and appreciated when analyzing poetry.
Poetic terms
The document defines and provides examples of various poetic and literary terms including metaphor, simile, symbolism, personification, and rhyme schemes. It explores concepts like setting, plot, point of view, imagery, theme, and tone. Examples are given to illustrate different terms like onomatopoeia, alliteration, and synecdoche.
Poetic terms
The document defines and provides examples of various poetic and literary terms including metaphor, simile, symbolism, personification, and rhyme schemes. It discusses concepts like setting, plot, point of view, imagery, theme, and tone. Examples are given to illustrate different terms like onomatopoeia, alliteration, and synecdoche.
William Blake "To The Evening Sky"
This document provides an analysis of the poem "To the Evening Star" by William Blake. It discusses how the poem uses imagery and figurative language techniques like personification, symbolism, and kinesthetic imagery. Key elements like the fair-haired angel representing evening, flowers shutting their eyes, and the wolf and lion symbolizing night and morning are analyzed. The conclusion states the poem explores themes of pastoral simplicity and political entrapment through its imagery and appeal to the evening star for protection.
William Blake "To The Evening Sky"
This document provides an analysis of the poem "To the Evening Star" by William Blake. It discusses how the poem uses imagery and figurative language techniques like personification, symbolism, and kinesthetic imagery. Key elements like the fair-haired angel representing evening, flowers shutting their eyes, and the wolf and lion symbolizing night and morning are analyzed. The conclusion states that the poem explores themes of pastoral simplicity and political entrapment through its portrayal of nature and oppositional forces governing inhibitions.
Literary devices
The document defines literary devices as techniques writers use to produce special effects in their writing. It provides examples of 20 common literary devices: allegory, alliteration, allusion, analogy, foreshadowing, imagery, irony, metaphor, mood, onomatopoeia, oxymoron, synecdoche, tone, epithet, simile, personification, apostrophe, metonymy, hyperbole, and climax. The document encourages understanding literary devices as it improves writing and helps comprehend others' works. It then prompts identifying the literary devices in 20 example sentences.
Poetic terms
The document defines and provides examples of various poetic terms including metaphor, simile, personification, symbolism, and rhyme schemes. It discusses literary devices such as allusion, imagery, irony, plot, point of view, setting, theme, and tone. Examples are given to illustrate different types of poetic techniques.
Poetic terms
The document defines and provides examples of various poetic and literary terms including metaphor, simile, symbolism, personification, and rhyme schemes. It discusses concepts like setting, plot, point of view, imagery, theme, and tone. Examples are given to illustrate different terms like onomatopoeia, alliteration, and synecdoche.
FIGURES OF SPEECH AND OTHER LITERARY TECHNIQUES.pptx
The document discusses various literary techniques and devices used in writing, including figures of speech like simile, metaphor and personification. It also defines other techniques such as juxtaposition, foreshadowing, catharsis, stream of consciousness, and hamartia. Examples are provided to illustrate each technique. The document serves as a guide for identifying and understanding different literary elements found in texts.
Creative Nonfiction Figure of speech
This document discusses figurative language techniques used in creative nonfiction writing. It identifies several techniques including imagery, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, and allegory. For each technique, examples are provided. The document also discusses the five senses and corresponding types of imagery. Additional techniques like alliteration, irony, and rhetorical questions are covered. Finally, the document explains the functions and reasons for using literary devices in writing, such as helping readers visualize scenarios and experiences.
Similar to Stylistic devices (20)
Apostrophe, Imagery, Symbolism, Denotation and Connotation | Basic literary t...
Apostrophe, Imagery, Symbolism, Denotation and Connotation | Basic literary t...
Imagery, symbolism, and allusionImageryImagery refers
Imagery, symbolism, and allusionImageryImagery refers
FIGURES OF SPEECH AND OTHER LITERARY TECHNIQUES.pptx
FIGURES OF SPEECH AND OTHER LITERARY TECHNIQUES.pptx
Stylistic devices
- 1. Stylistic devices In literature and writing, Stylistic Elements are the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. A figure of speech is any way of saying something other than the ordinary way. Figurative language is language using figures of speech.
- 3. What is Personification? Personification is one of the most frequently used figures of speech. Personification definition is often described as the act of speech or writing by which inanimate objects, concepts of actions that are similar to those of human. Examples: Two Sunflowers Move in the Yellow Room. "Ah, William, we're weary of weather," said the sunflowers, shining with dew. "Our traveling habits have tired us. Can you give us a room with a view?" William Blake (1757-1827)
- 4. Some examples will help us understand personification definition more easily. The train whistle blew in the night. The lonely train whistle cried out in the night. The wind blew the leaves. The restless wind juggled the leaves. The clouds went across the sky. The angry clouds marched across the sky. Personification is created by adding a “feeling” words. It can be used as a method of describing something so that others can understand. It can be used to emphasize a point. It is a commonly favored literary tool, and you may in fact use personification without even knowing it.
- 5. The sun peeked happily from behind a cloud. The trees danced back and forth in the wind. It was time to go home, but the bell refused to ring. The gentle wind softly kissed my cheeks as I walked. I can see that news travels quickly. My computer hates me.
- 6. What is apostrophe? Similar to 'personification' but indirect. The speaker addresses someone absent or dead, or addresses an inanimate or abstract object as if it were human. Examples: Hello darkness, my old friend, I`ve come to talk with you again. "Blue Moon, you saw me standing alone Without a dream in my heart Without a love of my own.