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International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
STUDY ON IMPACTS OF ORGANIC FOOD 
PRODUCTION TO THE ENVIORNMENT 
A CASE OF KAZI & KAZI TEA ESTATE 
LIMITED, PANCHAGARH, BANGLADESH 
Abstract: Study on environmental impact of organic food production to the environment was conducted over the 
period of four months concentrating exclusively in the Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate Limited (KKTE) in Panchagarh 
district. The main objective of this study was to make an assessment on environmental impact of organic food 
production. In order to get qualitative information, data were collected through FGDs and KIIs. Organic food is 
free of harmful chemicals, tastier and healthier than conventional foods, and can be stored more days than 
chemical foods. Every one articulated the negative impacts of conventional foods. The role of organic production 
to the environment is inevitable with positive sign. KKTE is playing great role in raising awareness on 
environment among the workers and community people through training and supporting hardware. Respondents 
were mentioned that KKTE is playing great role in environmental conservation by planting trees, organic farming 
and using renewable energy. Such organic production is offering diverse products in the local to national and 
international market including vegetables, tea, herbal tea, ghee, honey and sweets. Organic production is releasing 
less carbon by using nature friendly inputs and renewable energy and promoting for communal uses including 
solar energy and bio-gas plant. Chemical contaminations from others conventional farming are the main problem 
for organics. Lack of awareness and training is the main hindrance in popularizing the organic foods. 
Appropriate policy support, incentives, organic food fair may create greater awareness among the mass people. It 
is recommended that if the perceived problem could be solved by setting up of more tea processing industries, 
competitive markets at the grass roots for organic foods, supply of natural gas and resolving problems could 
accelerate the production of organic food production, organic regulations, policy support, training and advocacy 
would be the pathway for sustainable development. 
Impact studies may compact with a variety of interventions-be they social, economic, environmental, political or other-wise 
in different sectors. The notion of impact in itself is very blurred and all-inclusive; it can mean anything and 
everything. Impact may be economic, social, political, environmental, technological or institutional and a host of other 
things. A simple definition of impact is that it is the change brought about by a certain action. Food can any substance, 
composed of carbohydrates, water, fats, proteins and water that is eatable or drinkable by animals including humans for 
nutrition or pleasure. Organic food is produced without using most conventional pesticides; fertilizers made with 
synthetic ingredients or sewage sludge; bio-engineering; or ionizing radiation. Organic food is usually motivated by a 
personal desire to improve one‟s own health and/or healthy family members. Organic food is free of harmful pesticides, 
Page | 17 
Md. Shafiqul Islam1 
Assistant Professor, 
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh 
Keywords: Bio-pesticides; bio-fertilizer; organic production; organic farming; renewable energy. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Paper Publications
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
and that organic growing techniques can mitigate global warming, and it‟s clear that organic farming can benefit anyone, 
on any continent. 
The quality of food has definitely gone down since the Second World War. The level of vitamin C in today‟s food no 
bear resemblance to the level found in wartime food. In contrast, conventional farmers don't build the soil, and use 
synthetic fertilizers, which do not support soil micro-organisms. The pesticides enter our soil, wells, lakes and oceans and 
disrupt ecosystems. Pesticides run off into the oceans and create "dead zones" where algae are over grown and oxygen 
levels will not support aquatic life. Peeling and washing produce may reduce some of the pesticides but doesn't eliminate 
them all. Many folks are becoming aware of these problems and are seeking out organic food. It's getting easier to find 
organic food in the grocery store. 
Responding to consumers‟ information needs appears as a key factor in the solution to the trust issue [1].The way 
consumers make food choices can be complex and vary widely, but as Brunso and colleagues [2] postulated, there seem 
to be four quite universal dimensions in quality perception: taste and appearance, health, convenience and process. In 
accord with previous cognitive studies [3], when making reference to general motivations for buying organic products, 
European consumers mention above all aspects associated with health and well-being. Organic products can be seen as a 
bundle of characteristics that consumers recognize and appreciate, both physical (perceivable attributes) or abstract, and 
perceived in the form of cues [4]. 
KKTE broke the barrier by establishing a tea garden on land that previously lain fallow using innovative organic and 
nature-friendly farming methods. It has secured organic certificate including EU and NOP Regulation. 
In the farming practices, KKTE uses only natural friendly measures for pest and weed controls, avoiding synthetic 
chemicals to makes use of only renewable resources and keeps the soil‟s fertility. These sound practices demonstrate the 
garden‟s efficiency to protecting both human health and nature. Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate limited is operating its activities 
in Panchagarh district including organic farming and diversities. Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate is the pioneer in organic tea 
plantation in Bangladesh. KKTE is also a composite garden, having dairy, herbal plantation and other agricultural 
products such as rice, wheat, corn, oilseed, fruits, pulses and vegetables, all are organically grown. 
1.1 OBJECTIVES: BROAD & ASSOCIATE 
The broad objective of this study was to know the environmental impact of organic production to the environment. The 
other associate objectives of the study were: 
 To know community perception towards KKTE organic production 
 To find out the changes due to KKTE organic interventions 
 To know the impact of organic farming 
 To evaluate the role of organic production to the various dimensions of organics and environmental 
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conservation 
 To find out drawbacks and limitations of KKTE 
 To put forward sound recommendations & solutions based on findings to overcome drawbacks and problems 
2. METHODOLOGY 
This is basically participatory approach and all of information was gathered through active participation of the 
respondents, stakeholders and community people. The study was concentrated in Panchagarh. The first step of designing 
appropriate methodology was to formulate the study design followed by definition of impacts and identification of 
findings. The methodology that has been used to undertake this study was based on: Community consultation (Focus 
Group Discussions) and Key Informants Interviews and notes were taken as part of the one-on-one community 
consultation for the impact study. 
The key feature of sampling strategy was finalized after pre-field visit and documents review. In this study random 
sampling was followed in selecting respondents for FGDs and KIIs from study sites. The survey was based on following 
criteria: 
(i) In order to get qualitative information data were collected through 20 FGDs with each respective 
respondent (Two FGDs from each unit, one FGD with the KKTE workers and another one FGD with
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
outside KKTE people). 12 participants were in each FGD of which 6 participants male and 6 participants 
female to get real picture of the study areas. 
(ii) Total 50 respondents were interviewed through structured KII formats (5 persons from each unit: One Govt. 
Official, one UP member/chairman, one KKTE regular staff, one KKTE male worker and one KKTE 
female worker) 
Given its aims and objectives the study employed random sample. Total 50 persons were interviewed with guided semi-structured 
questionnaires. The study addressed difficulty by relying partly on qualitative techniques, including key 
informant interviews and focus groups, semi-structured questionnaires and purposive surveys, and qualitative research at 
the community level. 
3. RESULTS: NATURE FRIENDLY FOODS AND SUATAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 
3.1 Study population 
Analyzing sample respondents, data showed us that100% respondents were male from staff and 50% respondents were 
female from workers. On the other hand, 80% respondents were male from government officials and UP members. The 
average age was 35 years with the range from minimum 27 to 48 years among the staff and 21 to 60 years among the 
workers. The government officials and UP members were in between 30 to 65 years old (Table 1). 
Among the governmental officials and UP members 65% respondents were hold secondary education followed by 
university degree and primary education. On the other hand, 40% respondents were possess university degree among 
regular staff and 55% respondents were belongs to secondary education among the workers. 
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Table 1 Respondent’s analysis by sex, age, education, occupation and income 
Type Sex Age Education Househol 
d 
members 
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Income Occupation 
Male Fema 
le 
Govt 
Officials/ UP 
members 
N=20 
16(80)a 4(20) 47 
(30- 
65)b 
Primary-3(15)a 
Secondary- 
13(65)a 
University- 
4(20) 
7(3-13)c 21750 
(3,000-1,20,000)d 
UP-10 (50)a 
Service-10(50)a 
Regular staff 
N=10 
10(100 
)a 
35 
(27- 
48)b 
Secondary- 
5(10)a 
University- 
4(40)a 
Others-1(10)a 
6(3-13)c 15344 
(3600-35000)d 
Service- 
10(100)a 
Workers 
N=20 
10(50)a 10(50 
) 
36 
(21- 
60)b 
Illiterate-6(30)a 
Primary-2(10)a 
Secondary- 
11(55)a 
University-1(5)a 
6(2-12)c 5997 
(600-25000)d 
Worker 
20(100)a 
*a Percent value, *b Age range in years, *c Person in numbers, *d Income range in BDT 
3.2 Nature Friendly activities for organic production 
All of the activities in organic productions are purely nature friend and coincide with the principles of organic farming. 
As per study report,100% respondents opined that KKTE is doing nature friendly farming activities of whom 40% agreed 
for use of organic inputs, 15% for avoiding chemicals, 15% for planting lot of trees and 10% for organic systems (Fig 
1).100% respondents from regular staff were agreed that KKTE is doing nature friendly farming activities of which 40% 
were mentioned that organic inputs are used followed by no use of chemicals (20%) and only used nature originated bio-fertilizers 
(20%). 90% respondents from government officials/ UP members were mentioned that KKTE is doing nature 
friendly farming activities (Fig 2) and 75% respondents were mentioned that they are aware about KKTE farming
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
activities and has clearly mentioned that KKTE is doing nature friend farming activities through avoiding chemicals 
(15%), using organic inputs (15%), using bio-fertilizers (10%) adopting organic principles and planting lot of trees (5%). 
9 
8 
7 
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 
3.3 People’s Perception towards Chemical Farming 
55% respondents agreed that chemical farming creates severe problems to health followed by environmental pollution, 
decrease of soil fertility. Only 10% respondents have no idea on it (Fig 2). Majority of the respondents from staffs were 
mentioned that health hazard (60%) is the prime concerned in chemical farming(Fig 3)followed by polluted environment 
(20%) and soil fertility decreased (10%). 
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Figure 1: KKTE’s nature friendly activities 
Figure 2: Workers perception on chemical farming 
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1 
3 
2 
8 
3 3 
0 
No response No Use of 
Camical 
Plantation 
with organic 
system 
Organic 
inputs are 
used 
Planting lot 
of trees 
Can't Say 
5% 
10% 
15% 
55% 
5% 
10% 
12 
10 
8 
6 
4 
2 
0 
No response Polluted 
environment 
Chemical 
farming is big 
problem, it is 
poluted 
environment 
Health 
hazards 
Soil fertility 
decreased 
Don't know
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
7 
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 
3.4 How they distinguished chemical farming & organic farming? 
45% respondents were opined that organic farm never pollutes the environment. 20% respondents were mentioned that 
they can easily distinguish organic farm from chemical farm based on input utilization i.e. organic farm use only organic 
inputs avoiding chemical inputs. On the other hand 10% respondents were mentioned that they have no idea on it (Fig 4). 
10 
9 
8 
7 
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 
40% respondents from regular staff were mentioned that organic farm never pollute environment and only use organic 
inputs. 20% respondents were able to distinguish between chemical & organic farming based on input utilization (Fig 5). 
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Figure 3 Staffs perception on chemical farming 
Figure 4 workers opinion on chemical vs. organic farming 
4 
3 
2 
1 
Figure 5 Staffs perception on chemical vs. organic farming 
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10% 
20% 
60% 
10% 
0 
Polluted environment Chemical farming, it is 
poluted environment 
Health hazards Soil fertlilty decreased 
45% 
5% 
20% 20% 
10% 
0 
Organic farm 
not polluted the 
environment 
KK-tea not using 
inscet killer 
medicine 
Organic 
chemical used 
in organic farm 
Based on input 
utilization 
Don't know 
0 
Organic farm 
not polluted the 
environment 
Organic inputs 
are used in 
organic farm 
Based on input 
utilization 
40% 40% 
20%
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
Among the government officials/UP members, 35% respondents were mentioned that organic farm never pollute 
environment (Fig 6) followed by chemical farming is bad for health (25%), no chemical used in organic farming (15%). 
Chemical farming is bad for our health 
Chemical harmful for environment 
No chemical used in KK-tea, this is the … 
No 
Organic farm not polluted the … 
3.5 Benefits of organic farming 
Organics ensure clean foods meaning healthy. Healthy foods meaning natural, no preservatives or additives, naturally 
made that preserve health. According to World Health Organization health may be defined as the state of complete 
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. So we should care of it. The 
respondents were mentioned few benefits of organics. 65% respondents were agreed on the benefits of organic farming of 
which 15% respondents were mentioned that suitable for human health, 5% agreed on friendly environment followed by 
improve soil fertility though organic practices, supply of fresh air & water. Only 5% respondents have no idea on it (Fig 
7). 
14 
12 
10 
8 
6 
4 
2 
50% respondents from regular staff were able to mention the health benefits of organic farming (Fig 8) followed by 
supply of fresh water and air (20%), gradually increase production with low inputs (10%) and avoid chemical hazards 
(10%). 
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Figure 6 Government officials/UP member’s opinion on chemical vs. organic farming 
Figure 7 Benefits of organic farming 
Figure 8 Benefits of organic farming from staff point of view 
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35% 
5% 
10% 
15% 
10% 
25% 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
Organic chemical used in organic farm 
5% 5% 5% 5% 
15% 
65% 
No response Supply of 
fresh 
Water/Air 
Soil fertility 
improvement 
Friendly 
environment 
and nature 
conservation 
Human health All 
0 
6 
4 
2 
0 
No response 
Supply of fresh 
Water/Air 
Human health 
Increased 
production 
with low input 
Avoid hazards 
of chemicals 
10% 20% 
50% 
10% 
10%
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
On the other hand, 70% respondents from government officials/UP members were mentioned that health benefits are the 
main concern of organic farming (Fig 9) followed by soil fertility improvement (15%) and friendly environment (10%). 
20 
10 
3.6 Organic works for environmental conservation 
Greening was perceived as the prevalent cultivating practice in Panchagarh, Bangladesh. It was attributed to diverse and 
complex motivations that include brought fallow lands under green cultivation; land conversion from unused to better 
utilizations; land conversion from traditional use to tea plantations; professional organic training that emphasizes single 
solutions and practices. 
There was no differences in opinion among the respondents about the impacts and potential impacts; responses ranged 
from ideological to practical. For some respondents, greening was perceived as a useful and necessary land management 
tool, resulting in economic efficiencies and increased incomes in the organic cultivation. For other respondents, chemical 
farming was perceived as having negative impacts on the environment, and as reducing aesthetic qualities of an area. In 
case of organic farming, more faunal and floral diversity is found which support sound environment in the sustainable 
agriculture. Huge numbers of positive impacts were found in the organic farming including uses of local varieties, 
naturally available ingredients for farming practices. 
Narrowly defined, environmental impacts of the chemical farming were confined to the presence or residual effects on 
environment. Among the more commonly identified negative impacts were soil erosion; Health hazards; lowered water 
quality and amount of water; reduction in the biological diversity of crops, resulting from conversion of diverse and 
wildlife habitats to monocultures habitats. 
90% respondents were mentioned that KKTE is playing great role in environmental conservation by planting trees, 
organic farming and using renewable energy. Community can take part in the environmental conservation by planting 
trees in their homesteads (30%), adopting organic farming practices (20%), and avoiding chemicals (Fig 10). 
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Figure 9 Benefits of organic farming from government officials /UP member’s point of view 
Figure 10 role of organic farming in environmental conservation 
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0 
No response 
Soil fertility 
improvement Friendly 
environment and 
nature 
conservation 
Human health 
5% 15% 
10% 
70% 
3 
4 
2 
6 
1 
3 
1 
7 
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 
0 
Do not 
understand 
Organic system 
for better 
environment 
planting 
Community 
people are 
doing major 
responsibilities 
By planting 
trees in their 
homestread 
Not Hurmful 
what KK-tea is 
doing 
Can't say Thriugh 
meeting and 
discussion
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
100% respondents from regular staff were mentioned that KKTE is playing great role environmental conservation (Fig 
16b). The community people can take part in environmental conservation by adopting organic practices (30%) followed 
by planting trees in their homestead (30%), using only organic inputs (20%) and planting indigenous medicinal plants 
(10%). 
85% respondents from government officials were mentioned that KKTE is doing nature friendly activities and playing 
great role in environmental conservation. Community people can take part in environmental conservation by planting 
trees in their homesteads (40%), adopting organic practices (20%), by raising awareness (15%) and through meeting and 
discussion (10%). 
3.7 Products and farming diversity of KKTE 
Based on production principles in organic, it supports wide range of varieties in the cultivation practices.KKTE is 
offering wide range of products for community people to national market as well as in the international market. In the tea 
sector, KKTE has developed diverse type of teas including pure tea, herb teas, spices (masala) tea and blended teas. 
Among these Orthodox black tea, CTC black tea, green tea, white tea, vasaka tea, tulshi (Basil) tea, neem tea, pudina 
(mint) tea, ginger tea, lemongrass and masala teas are remarkable. Another important product is dairy products including 
fresh milk, sweets, ghee, cheese and butter. Among agro products rice, vegetables, wheat, pulses, mustard, oil and honey 
are the more popular products. 
In case of farming, KKTE evolved diversified farming activities including growing of agricultural crops, dairy, tea and 
herbs covering 800 ha of land. KKTE is offering diverse products in the local to national and even crossing international 
boundaries. 55% respondents were recognized tea, sweet, ghee and honey another 20% were recognized tea, basil tea, 
lemon grass, mint tea, ghee, honey and sweets. Another 5% were identified vegetables, rice and other crops mentioning 
high quality and purity of the products (Fig 11). 
55% 
5% 
70% respondents from regular staff were mentioned that tea, sweets, ghee and honey are the organic products offered by 
KKTE, while 10% were mentioned only tea another 10% added herb teas (including tulshi, mint and lemon tea) and only 
10% respondents were mentioned that high quality of the products adding rice and vegetables. 
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Figure 11 Product diversity in KKTE 
Figure 12 KKTE product diversity 
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20% 
5% 
5% 
5% 5% Tea, sweets, ghee, honey, etc. 
Tea, tulshi tea, lemon tea, pudina 
tea, ghee, huney, sweets 
No 
Tea, vagitables, rice, etc pure and 
high quality 
Organic and lab tested 
4 
2 
4 4 4 
1 1 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 
0 
No response So many shade 
tree available 
here 
Protect carbon 
emission 
Using natural 
friendly 
environment 
Using bio gas 
& solar energy 
All are organic 
inputs used in 
KK-tea 
Can't say
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
Respondents from government officials and UP members 40% were mentioned that KK-Tea is well known to them. 
Another 20% reported that tea, sweets, rice and honey followed by tea, tulshi, mint, lemon tea, honey, ghee, sweets, 
(20%), high quality (15%) and better than market (10%) 
3.8 Status of carbon emission through organic production 
Organic production system is working as the store house of carbon by storing in its whole production systems.75% 
respondents were mentioned that KKTE is emitting less carbon (Fig 12) by using nature friendly inputs (20%), planting 
lot of tress (20%), using solar and bio-gas (20%) and reduce carbon emission (20%). 
100% regular staff reported that KKTE is emitting less carbon by less irrigating (30%), using bio-gas and solar energy 
(20%), planting tress (20%) and planting of local species for carbon absorption. 
According to government officials/UP members 75% respondents were mentioned that KKTE is emitting less carbon by 
protecting carbon emission (30%), planting trees (15%), less irrigating (15%), using organic inputs(10%) and using bio-gas 
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and solar energy (5%). 
Figure 13 role of organic production in carbon sequestration 
10 
8 
6 
4 
2 
3.9 KKTE organic production, processing and energy use 
The production systems were used little fossil fuels for processing and production.35% respondents were agreed that 
KKTE is using bio-gas and solar energy in reducing environmental hazards. On the other hand, 40% respondents were 
not able to respond in this aspect.40% regular staff reported that KKTE is using biogas and solar energy for power 
generation and 40% mentioned only bio-gas. 50% respondents from government officials/UP members were reported 
that KKTE is using biogas plant as alternative power energy and only 5% reported solar energy. 
3.10 Role of KKTE in renewable energy and organic production 
Organic production uses no or little fossil fuels for the production as compared to chemical production. Only 25% 
respondents were mentioned that KKTE is serving to community for renewable energy and farming of whom 15% told 
that KKTE is providing community based biogas plant .60% respondents from regular staff mentioned that KKTE is 
serving to community for renewable energy (Fig 20b) through community based bio-gas plant installation (30%) and 
lending money (10%). 30% government officials/UP members clearly mentioned that KKTE is supporting community 
people for renewable energy (Fig 20c) through using bio-gas energy (30%) and environmental conservation (10%). 
Figure 14 role of KKTE in renewable energy 
40% 
10% 10% 
5% 
35% 
0 
No response Bio-gas Using bio-gas 
plant, create 
alternative fuel and 
electricity 
Solar energy Bio-gas and solar 
energy 
25% 
50% 
10% 
5% 5% 
12 
10 
8 
6 
4 
2 
0 
No response Bio-gas Using bio-gas 
plant, create 
alternative fuel 
and electricity 
Solar energy Bio-gas and solar 
energy
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
3.11 Impacts of organic production to the environment 
Lots of positive impacts are generated by organic cultivation. The few points on positive impacts of organic productions 
were mentioned in the box 1 
BOX-1 
 Protect soil from erosion process 
 Increase soil fertility 
 Gradually increase production 
 Ensure proper uses of local inputs 
 Reduce cultivation cost 
 Reduce impacts on human health 
 Less or no foot print on the earth 
 Recycle the wastes and improve soil quality 
 Purify the air maintaining sound air quality 
3.12 Problems and risks of organic production 
Several problems were recognized during the study including lack of organic seeds, lack of organic inputs and chemical 
contamination through neighboring fields are the common problems. No risks and environmental hazards were created by 
KKTE (through organic production) as because it‟s an organic garden and always evolve nature friendly activities for 
farming or organic productions. No poisonous materials were derived or disposed here and there for the creation of risks 
to the environment. 
A noticeable result of all these interviews is expression of a broad spectrum of impacts, concerns and opinions that form 
the image of KKTE facilities in Panchagarh. Indeed, this array of often contradictory perceptions is what drove the 
initiation and completion of the entire study of ecological impacts of KKTE production. 
Another common perception is that KKTE provides a market for organic quality produces. According to others, chemical 
farming (monocultures) is causing negative impacts on environment and soil fertility. Some of these contradictory 
perceptions can be resolved through this social impact study and the combined research results of the entire study on 
economic and ecological impacts of KKTE in Panchagarh. Opinions will remain unresolved because they reflect 
pervasive large-scale, long-term, social, economic, political, and ecological landscape. Thus, we are forced to ask and 
continually reiterate some of the following questions: 
Organic growers work in harmony with nature by maintaining ecological balance. Organic growers are leaders in 
innovative research by inventing new option in reducing chemical pesticides or chemical compounds. For a significant 
fraction of consumers of the products, organic means quality, and attempts to improve it actually undermine, or 
„conventionalise‟ the underlying production frameworks [5]. These insights give strong anchors (taste, freshness, 
appearance, healthiness and purity, environmental concerns) for development of protocols for further, more detailed 
examination of quality and safety issues in the new round In order to understand these needs and to find out how to 
translate different conceptions of quality attributes and food safety into practice, it is necessary to explore quality 
standards much more in depth. 
The need also emerges to solve existing gaps among different actors in the organic food chain and to determine which of 
these aspects. like most of the studies inquiring on food quality [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] indicate out that quality dimensions 
and considerations are among the most important aspects in any food purchase. However, consumers usually connect it to 
health, and/or to safety, but not to an actual food quality perception can be fulfilled in a profitable way [2]. 
Safety of food is very important when shopping for organic products, whatever the shopping outlet [1]. Rejecting the idea 
that all food in supermarkets is safe [10], they turn to organic and local shops for their organic purchases. Organic 
products are accepted as long as they “taste good” and are often not recognized as such. In Northern countries organic 
food is generally accepted as having a “genuine taste” and a better “texture” [1] However, there is still little scientific 
evidence concerning the actual superiority of organic products with respect to the conventional ones, at least for 
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4. DISCUSSION 
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International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) 
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 
occasional consumers[11] [12]. As per respondent‟s opinion, they need set standard organic policy and appropriate 
certifying agency for annual inspection for maintaining quality of organics and safer uses of produces. 
The overall socio-economic condition of common people is changing rapid in Panchagarh following a faster development 
of the tea sector. Local tea growers elected body and officials concerned opined that setting up of more tea processing 
industries, competitive markets at the grass roots for tea leaves, supply of natural gas and resolving problems like power 
crisis could accelerate the production of tea. At the same time, hundreds of Panchagarh females, who lived in utter 
miseries due to abject poverty for years together, are now changing their fate and achieving self-reliance by earning 
wages as plucking workers in the dozens of tea gardens at the officially recognized third Tea Zone of the country. The 
growing tea sector in Panchagarh has ushered in a new hope for further enhancing the standard of socio-economic life 
and women empowerment. The female workers are yet to get their just wages from the garden-owners as the growing 
tea-farming sector in the region has been facing manifold problems including present unfair prices of the tea leaves for 
the tea farmers. 
At the end of study we may conclude that organic food is safe, better taste, healthier and friendly environment. Peoples 
are becoming aware about organic foods in producing as well as consuming. Hopefully, the organic market will be 
expanded very soon with blooming demands. Like taste and flavour, the appearance of organic fresh foods may stand in 
contrast to foods from the supermarket chains. Larger size, uniformity and absence of blemishes are features that 
wholesalers and retailers can select for at wholesale markets. Organic farming supports biodiversity by (1) uses no or 
fewer chemical pesticides, (2) using less inorganic fertilizers, (3) by adopting friendly habitats management and (4) 
mixing arable and farm animals farming. After completion of the study the following recommendations were made to 
popularize and extension of organic cultivation in minimizing environmental degradation. 
 Make people aware on the impacts of organic production to the environment 
 Make provision to teach organic farming in the school, college and universities for greater extension 
 Arrange organic food fair to disseminate the tale of organic and environment 
 Organize Farmer‟s field day on organic production and exhibit their organic produces 
 Need more research on organic production and climate change 
 Government should take care of organic production through appropriate policy support and rewarding for organic 
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5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 
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production 
 Adhere advocacy campaign on organic production and utilization of organic produces 
REFERENCES 
[1] Zanoli, R. (ed.) (2004): The European consumer and organic food, Organic Marketing Initiatives and Rural 
Development, Volume 4, University of Wales Aberystwyth (School of Management and Business). 
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STUDY ON IMPACTS OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION TO THE ENVIORNMENT: A CASE OF KAZI & KAZI TEA ESTATE LIMITED, PANCHAGARH, BANGLADESH

  • 1. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org STUDY ON IMPACTS OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION TO THE ENVIORNMENT A CASE OF KAZI & KAZI TEA ESTATE LIMITED, PANCHAGARH, BANGLADESH Abstract: Study on environmental impact of organic food production to the environment was conducted over the period of four months concentrating exclusively in the Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate Limited (KKTE) in Panchagarh district. The main objective of this study was to make an assessment on environmental impact of organic food production. In order to get qualitative information, data were collected through FGDs and KIIs. Organic food is free of harmful chemicals, tastier and healthier than conventional foods, and can be stored more days than chemical foods. Every one articulated the negative impacts of conventional foods. The role of organic production to the environment is inevitable with positive sign. KKTE is playing great role in raising awareness on environment among the workers and community people through training and supporting hardware. Respondents were mentioned that KKTE is playing great role in environmental conservation by planting trees, organic farming and using renewable energy. Such organic production is offering diverse products in the local to national and international market including vegetables, tea, herbal tea, ghee, honey and sweets. Organic production is releasing less carbon by using nature friendly inputs and renewable energy and promoting for communal uses including solar energy and bio-gas plant. Chemical contaminations from others conventional farming are the main problem for organics. Lack of awareness and training is the main hindrance in popularizing the organic foods. Appropriate policy support, incentives, organic food fair may create greater awareness among the mass people. It is recommended that if the perceived problem could be solved by setting up of more tea processing industries, competitive markets at the grass roots for organic foods, supply of natural gas and resolving problems could accelerate the production of organic food production, organic regulations, policy support, training and advocacy would be the pathway for sustainable development. Impact studies may compact with a variety of interventions-be they social, economic, environmental, political or other-wise in different sectors. The notion of impact in itself is very blurred and all-inclusive; it can mean anything and everything. Impact may be economic, social, political, environmental, technological or institutional and a host of other things. A simple definition of impact is that it is the change brought about by a certain action. Food can any substance, composed of carbohydrates, water, fats, proteins and water that is eatable or drinkable by animals including humans for nutrition or pleasure. Organic food is produced without using most conventional pesticides; fertilizers made with synthetic ingredients or sewage sludge; bio-engineering; or ionizing radiation. Organic food is usually motivated by a personal desire to improve one‟s own health and/or healthy family members. Organic food is free of harmful pesticides, Page | 17 Md. Shafiqul Islam1 Assistant Professor, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh Keywords: Bio-pesticides; bio-fertilizer; organic production; organic farming; renewable energy. 1. INTRODUCTION Paper Publications
  • 2. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org and that organic growing techniques can mitigate global warming, and it‟s clear that organic farming can benefit anyone, on any continent. The quality of food has definitely gone down since the Second World War. The level of vitamin C in today‟s food no bear resemblance to the level found in wartime food. In contrast, conventional farmers don't build the soil, and use synthetic fertilizers, which do not support soil micro-organisms. The pesticides enter our soil, wells, lakes and oceans and disrupt ecosystems. Pesticides run off into the oceans and create "dead zones" where algae are over grown and oxygen levels will not support aquatic life. Peeling and washing produce may reduce some of the pesticides but doesn't eliminate them all. Many folks are becoming aware of these problems and are seeking out organic food. It's getting easier to find organic food in the grocery store. Responding to consumers‟ information needs appears as a key factor in the solution to the trust issue [1].The way consumers make food choices can be complex and vary widely, but as Brunso and colleagues [2] postulated, there seem to be four quite universal dimensions in quality perception: taste and appearance, health, convenience and process. In accord with previous cognitive studies [3], when making reference to general motivations for buying organic products, European consumers mention above all aspects associated with health and well-being. Organic products can be seen as a bundle of characteristics that consumers recognize and appreciate, both physical (perceivable attributes) or abstract, and perceived in the form of cues [4]. KKTE broke the barrier by establishing a tea garden on land that previously lain fallow using innovative organic and nature-friendly farming methods. It has secured organic certificate including EU and NOP Regulation. In the farming practices, KKTE uses only natural friendly measures for pest and weed controls, avoiding synthetic chemicals to makes use of only renewable resources and keeps the soil‟s fertility. These sound practices demonstrate the garden‟s efficiency to protecting both human health and nature. Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate limited is operating its activities in Panchagarh district including organic farming and diversities. Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate is the pioneer in organic tea plantation in Bangladesh. KKTE is also a composite garden, having dairy, herbal plantation and other agricultural products such as rice, wheat, corn, oilseed, fruits, pulses and vegetables, all are organically grown. 1.1 OBJECTIVES: BROAD & ASSOCIATE The broad objective of this study was to know the environmental impact of organic production to the environment. The other associate objectives of the study were:  To know community perception towards KKTE organic production  To find out the changes due to KKTE organic interventions  To know the impact of organic farming  To evaluate the role of organic production to the various dimensions of organics and environmental Page | 18 Paper Publications conservation  To find out drawbacks and limitations of KKTE  To put forward sound recommendations & solutions based on findings to overcome drawbacks and problems 2. METHODOLOGY This is basically participatory approach and all of information was gathered through active participation of the respondents, stakeholders and community people. The study was concentrated in Panchagarh. The first step of designing appropriate methodology was to formulate the study design followed by definition of impacts and identification of findings. The methodology that has been used to undertake this study was based on: Community consultation (Focus Group Discussions) and Key Informants Interviews and notes were taken as part of the one-on-one community consultation for the impact study. The key feature of sampling strategy was finalized after pre-field visit and documents review. In this study random sampling was followed in selecting respondents for FGDs and KIIs from study sites. The survey was based on following criteria: (i) In order to get qualitative information data were collected through 20 FGDs with each respective respondent (Two FGDs from each unit, one FGD with the KKTE workers and another one FGD with
  • 3. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org outside KKTE people). 12 participants were in each FGD of which 6 participants male and 6 participants female to get real picture of the study areas. (ii) Total 50 respondents were interviewed through structured KII formats (5 persons from each unit: One Govt. Official, one UP member/chairman, one KKTE regular staff, one KKTE male worker and one KKTE female worker) Given its aims and objectives the study employed random sample. Total 50 persons were interviewed with guided semi-structured questionnaires. The study addressed difficulty by relying partly on qualitative techniques, including key informant interviews and focus groups, semi-structured questionnaires and purposive surveys, and qualitative research at the community level. 3. RESULTS: NATURE FRIENDLY FOODS AND SUATAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3.1 Study population Analyzing sample respondents, data showed us that100% respondents were male from staff and 50% respondents were female from workers. On the other hand, 80% respondents were male from government officials and UP members. The average age was 35 years with the range from minimum 27 to 48 years among the staff and 21 to 60 years among the workers. The government officials and UP members were in between 30 to 65 years old (Table 1). Among the governmental officials and UP members 65% respondents were hold secondary education followed by university degree and primary education. On the other hand, 40% respondents were possess university degree among regular staff and 55% respondents were belongs to secondary education among the workers. Page | 19 Table 1 Respondent’s analysis by sex, age, education, occupation and income Type Sex Age Education Househol d members Paper Publications Income Occupation Male Fema le Govt Officials/ UP members N=20 16(80)a 4(20) 47 (30- 65)b Primary-3(15)a Secondary- 13(65)a University- 4(20) 7(3-13)c 21750 (3,000-1,20,000)d UP-10 (50)a Service-10(50)a Regular staff N=10 10(100 )a 35 (27- 48)b Secondary- 5(10)a University- 4(40)a Others-1(10)a 6(3-13)c 15344 (3600-35000)d Service- 10(100)a Workers N=20 10(50)a 10(50 ) 36 (21- 60)b Illiterate-6(30)a Primary-2(10)a Secondary- 11(55)a University-1(5)a 6(2-12)c 5997 (600-25000)d Worker 20(100)a *a Percent value, *b Age range in years, *c Person in numbers, *d Income range in BDT 3.2 Nature Friendly activities for organic production All of the activities in organic productions are purely nature friend and coincide with the principles of organic farming. As per study report,100% respondents opined that KKTE is doing nature friendly farming activities of whom 40% agreed for use of organic inputs, 15% for avoiding chemicals, 15% for planting lot of trees and 10% for organic systems (Fig 1).100% respondents from regular staff were agreed that KKTE is doing nature friendly farming activities of which 40% were mentioned that organic inputs are used followed by no use of chemicals (20%) and only used nature originated bio-fertilizers (20%). 90% respondents from government officials/ UP members were mentioned that KKTE is doing nature friendly farming activities (Fig 2) and 75% respondents were mentioned that they are aware about KKTE farming
  • 4. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org activities and has clearly mentioned that KKTE is doing nature friend farming activities through avoiding chemicals (15%), using organic inputs (15%), using bio-fertilizers (10%) adopting organic principles and planting lot of trees (5%). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3.3 People’s Perception towards Chemical Farming 55% respondents agreed that chemical farming creates severe problems to health followed by environmental pollution, decrease of soil fertility. Only 10% respondents have no idea on it (Fig 2). Majority of the respondents from staffs were mentioned that health hazard (60%) is the prime concerned in chemical farming(Fig 3)followed by polluted environment (20%) and soil fertility decreased (10%). Page | 20 Figure 1: KKTE’s nature friendly activities Figure 2: Workers perception on chemical farming Paper Publications 1 3 2 8 3 3 0 No response No Use of Camical Plantation with organic system Organic inputs are used Planting lot of trees Can't Say 5% 10% 15% 55% 5% 10% 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 No response Polluted environment Chemical farming is big problem, it is poluted environment Health hazards Soil fertility decreased Don't know
  • 5. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3.4 How they distinguished chemical farming & organic farming? 45% respondents were opined that organic farm never pollutes the environment. 20% respondents were mentioned that they can easily distinguish organic farm from chemical farm based on input utilization i.e. organic farm use only organic inputs avoiding chemical inputs. On the other hand 10% respondents were mentioned that they have no idea on it (Fig 4). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 40% respondents from regular staff were mentioned that organic farm never pollute environment and only use organic inputs. 20% respondents were able to distinguish between chemical & organic farming based on input utilization (Fig 5). Page | 21 Figure 3 Staffs perception on chemical farming Figure 4 workers opinion on chemical vs. organic farming 4 3 2 1 Figure 5 Staffs perception on chemical vs. organic farming Paper Publications 10% 20% 60% 10% 0 Polluted environment Chemical farming, it is poluted environment Health hazards Soil fertlilty decreased 45% 5% 20% 20% 10% 0 Organic farm not polluted the environment KK-tea not using inscet killer medicine Organic chemical used in organic farm Based on input utilization Don't know 0 Organic farm not polluted the environment Organic inputs are used in organic farm Based on input utilization 40% 40% 20%
  • 6. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org Among the government officials/UP members, 35% respondents were mentioned that organic farm never pollute environment (Fig 6) followed by chemical farming is bad for health (25%), no chemical used in organic farming (15%). Chemical farming is bad for our health Chemical harmful for environment No chemical used in KK-tea, this is the … No Organic farm not polluted the … 3.5 Benefits of organic farming Organics ensure clean foods meaning healthy. Healthy foods meaning natural, no preservatives or additives, naturally made that preserve health. According to World Health Organization health may be defined as the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. So we should care of it. The respondents were mentioned few benefits of organics. 65% respondents were agreed on the benefits of organic farming of which 15% respondents were mentioned that suitable for human health, 5% agreed on friendly environment followed by improve soil fertility though organic practices, supply of fresh air & water. Only 5% respondents have no idea on it (Fig 7). 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 50% respondents from regular staff were able to mention the health benefits of organic farming (Fig 8) followed by supply of fresh water and air (20%), gradually increase production with low inputs (10%) and avoid chemical hazards (10%). Page | 22 Figure 6 Government officials/UP member’s opinion on chemical vs. organic farming Figure 7 Benefits of organic farming Figure 8 Benefits of organic farming from staff point of view Paper Publications 35% 5% 10% 15% 10% 25% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Organic chemical used in organic farm 5% 5% 5% 5% 15% 65% No response Supply of fresh Water/Air Soil fertility improvement Friendly environment and nature conservation Human health All 0 6 4 2 0 No response Supply of fresh Water/Air Human health Increased production with low input Avoid hazards of chemicals 10% 20% 50% 10% 10%
  • 7. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org On the other hand, 70% respondents from government officials/UP members were mentioned that health benefits are the main concern of organic farming (Fig 9) followed by soil fertility improvement (15%) and friendly environment (10%). 20 10 3.6 Organic works for environmental conservation Greening was perceived as the prevalent cultivating practice in Panchagarh, Bangladesh. It was attributed to diverse and complex motivations that include brought fallow lands under green cultivation; land conversion from unused to better utilizations; land conversion from traditional use to tea plantations; professional organic training that emphasizes single solutions and practices. There was no differences in opinion among the respondents about the impacts and potential impacts; responses ranged from ideological to practical. For some respondents, greening was perceived as a useful and necessary land management tool, resulting in economic efficiencies and increased incomes in the organic cultivation. For other respondents, chemical farming was perceived as having negative impacts on the environment, and as reducing aesthetic qualities of an area. In case of organic farming, more faunal and floral diversity is found which support sound environment in the sustainable agriculture. Huge numbers of positive impacts were found in the organic farming including uses of local varieties, naturally available ingredients for farming practices. Narrowly defined, environmental impacts of the chemical farming were confined to the presence or residual effects on environment. Among the more commonly identified negative impacts were soil erosion; Health hazards; lowered water quality and amount of water; reduction in the biological diversity of crops, resulting from conversion of diverse and wildlife habitats to monocultures habitats. 90% respondents were mentioned that KKTE is playing great role in environmental conservation by planting trees, organic farming and using renewable energy. Community can take part in the environmental conservation by planting trees in their homesteads (30%), adopting organic farming practices (20%), and avoiding chemicals (Fig 10). Page | 23 Figure 9 Benefits of organic farming from government officials /UP member’s point of view Figure 10 role of organic farming in environmental conservation Paper Publications 0 No response Soil fertility improvement Friendly environment and nature conservation Human health 5% 15% 10% 70% 3 4 2 6 1 3 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Do not understand Organic system for better environment planting Community people are doing major responsibilities By planting trees in their homestread Not Hurmful what KK-tea is doing Can't say Thriugh meeting and discussion
  • 8. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 100% respondents from regular staff were mentioned that KKTE is playing great role environmental conservation (Fig 16b). The community people can take part in environmental conservation by adopting organic practices (30%) followed by planting trees in their homestead (30%), using only organic inputs (20%) and planting indigenous medicinal plants (10%). 85% respondents from government officials were mentioned that KKTE is doing nature friendly activities and playing great role in environmental conservation. Community people can take part in environmental conservation by planting trees in their homesteads (40%), adopting organic practices (20%), by raising awareness (15%) and through meeting and discussion (10%). 3.7 Products and farming diversity of KKTE Based on production principles in organic, it supports wide range of varieties in the cultivation practices.KKTE is offering wide range of products for community people to national market as well as in the international market. In the tea sector, KKTE has developed diverse type of teas including pure tea, herb teas, spices (masala) tea and blended teas. Among these Orthodox black tea, CTC black tea, green tea, white tea, vasaka tea, tulshi (Basil) tea, neem tea, pudina (mint) tea, ginger tea, lemongrass and masala teas are remarkable. Another important product is dairy products including fresh milk, sweets, ghee, cheese and butter. Among agro products rice, vegetables, wheat, pulses, mustard, oil and honey are the more popular products. In case of farming, KKTE evolved diversified farming activities including growing of agricultural crops, dairy, tea and herbs covering 800 ha of land. KKTE is offering diverse products in the local to national and even crossing international boundaries. 55% respondents were recognized tea, sweet, ghee and honey another 20% were recognized tea, basil tea, lemon grass, mint tea, ghee, honey and sweets. Another 5% were identified vegetables, rice and other crops mentioning high quality and purity of the products (Fig 11). 55% 5% 70% respondents from regular staff were mentioned that tea, sweets, ghee and honey are the organic products offered by KKTE, while 10% were mentioned only tea another 10% added herb teas (including tulshi, mint and lemon tea) and only 10% respondents were mentioned that high quality of the products adding rice and vegetables. Page | 24 Figure 11 Product diversity in KKTE Figure 12 KKTE product diversity Paper Publications 20% 5% 5% 5% 5% Tea, sweets, ghee, honey, etc. Tea, tulshi tea, lemon tea, pudina tea, ghee, huney, sweets No Tea, vagitables, rice, etc pure and high quality Organic and lab tested 4 2 4 4 4 1 1 5 4 3 2 1 0 No response So many shade tree available here Protect carbon emission Using natural friendly environment Using bio gas & solar energy All are organic inputs used in KK-tea Can't say
  • 9. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org Respondents from government officials and UP members 40% were mentioned that KK-Tea is well known to them. Another 20% reported that tea, sweets, rice and honey followed by tea, tulshi, mint, lemon tea, honey, ghee, sweets, (20%), high quality (15%) and better than market (10%) 3.8 Status of carbon emission through organic production Organic production system is working as the store house of carbon by storing in its whole production systems.75% respondents were mentioned that KKTE is emitting less carbon (Fig 12) by using nature friendly inputs (20%), planting lot of tress (20%), using solar and bio-gas (20%) and reduce carbon emission (20%). 100% regular staff reported that KKTE is emitting less carbon by less irrigating (30%), using bio-gas and solar energy (20%), planting tress (20%) and planting of local species for carbon absorption. According to government officials/UP members 75% respondents were mentioned that KKTE is emitting less carbon by protecting carbon emission (30%), planting trees (15%), less irrigating (15%), using organic inputs(10%) and using bio-gas Page | 25 Paper Publications and solar energy (5%). Figure 13 role of organic production in carbon sequestration 10 8 6 4 2 3.9 KKTE organic production, processing and energy use The production systems were used little fossil fuels for processing and production.35% respondents were agreed that KKTE is using bio-gas and solar energy in reducing environmental hazards. On the other hand, 40% respondents were not able to respond in this aspect.40% regular staff reported that KKTE is using biogas and solar energy for power generation and 40% mentioned only bio-gas. 50% respondents from government officials/UP members were reported that KKTE is using biogas plant as alternative power energy and only 5% reported solar energy. 3.10 Role of KKTE in renewable energy and organic production Organic production uses no or little fossil fuels for the production as compared to chemical production. Only 25% respondents were mentioned that KKTE is serving to community for renewable energy and farming of whom 15% told that KKTE is providing community based biogas plant .60% respondents from regular staff mentioned that KKTE is serving to community for renewable energy (Fig 20b) through community based bio-gas plant installation (30%) and lending money (10%). 30% government officials/UP members clearly mentioned that KKTE is supporting community people for renewable energy (Fig 20c) through using bio-gas energy (30%) and environmental conservation (10%). Figure 14 role of KKTE in renewable energy 40% 10% 10% 5% 35% 0 No response Bio-gas Using bio-gas plant, create alternative fuel and electricity Solar energy Bio-gas and solar energy 25% 50% 10% 5% 5% 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 No response Bio-gas Using bio-gas plant, create alternative fuel and electricity Solar energy Bio-gas and solar energy
  • 10. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org 3.11 Impacts of organic production to the environment Lots of positive impacts are generated by organic cultivation. The few points on positive impacts of organic productions were mentioned in the box 1 BOX-1  Protect soil from erosion process  Increase soil fertility  Gradually increase production  Ensure proper uses of local inputs  Reduce cultivation cost  Reduce impacts on human health  Less or no foot print on the earth  Recycle the wastes and improve soil quality  Purify the air maintaining sound air quality 3.12 Problems and risks of organic production Several problems were recognized during the study including lack of organic seeds, lack of organic inputs and chemical contamination through neighboring fields are the common problems. No risks and environmental hazards were created by KKTE (through organic production) as because it‟s an organic garden and always evolve nature friendly activities for farming or organic productions. No poisonous materials were derived or disposed here and there for the creation of risks to the environment. A noticeable result of all these interviews is expression of a broad spectrum of impacts, concerns and opinions that form the image of KKTE facilities in Panchagarh. Indeed, this array of often contradictory perceptions is what drove the initiation and completion of the entire study of ecological impacts of KKTE production. Another common perception is that KKTE provides a market for organic quality produces. According to others, chemical farming (monocultures) is causing negative impacts on environment and soil fertility. Some of these contradictory perceptions can be resolved through this social impact study and the combined research results of the entire study on economic and ecological impacts of KKTE in Panchagarh. Opinions will remain unresolved because they reflect pervasive large-scale, long-term, social, economic, political, and ecological landscape. Thus, we are forced to ask and continually reiterate some of the following questions: Organic growers work in harmony with nature by maintaining ecological balance. Organic growers are leaders in innovative research by inventing new option in reducing chemical pesticides or chemical compounds. For a significant fraction of consumers of the products, organic means quality, and attempts to improve it actually undermine, or „conventionalise‟ the underlying production frameworks [5]. These insights give strong anchors (taste, freshness, appearance, healthiness and purity, environmental concerns) for development of protocols for further, more detailed examination of quality and safety issues in the new round In order to understand these needs and to find out how to translate different conceptions of quality attributes and food safety into practice, it is necessary to explore quality standards much more in depth. The need also emerges to solve existing gaps among different actors in the organic food chain and to determine which of these aspects. like most of the studies inquiring on food quality [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] indicate out that quality dimensions and considerations are among the most important aspects in any food purchase. However, consumers usually connect it to health, and/or to safety, but not to an actual food quality perception can be fulfilled in a profitable way [2]. Safety of food is very important when shopping for organic products, whatever the shopping outlet [1]. Rejecting the idea that all food in supermarkets is safe [10], they turn to organic and local shops for their organic purchases. Organic products are accepted as long as they “taste good” and are often not recognized as such. In Northern countries organic food is generally accepted as having a “genuine taste” and a better “texture” [1] However, there is still little scientific evidence concerning the actual superiority of organic products with respect to the conventional ones, at least for Page | 26 4. DISCUSSION Paper Publications
  • 11. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org occasional consumers[11] [12]. As per respondent‟s opinion, they need set standard organic policy and appropriate certifying agency for annual inspection for maintaining quality of organics and safer uses of produces. The overall socio-economic condition of common people is changing rapid in Panchagarh following a faster development of the tea sector. Local tea growers elected body and officials concerned opined that setting up of more tea processing industries, competitive markets at the grass roots for tea leaves, supply of natural gas and resolving problems like power crisis could accelerate the production of tea. At the same time, hundreds of Panchagarh females, who lived in utter miseries due to abject poverty for years together, are now changing their fate and achieving self-reliance by earning wages as plucking workers in the dozens of tea gardens at the officially recognized third Tea Zone of the country. The growing tea sector in Panchagarh has ushered in a new hope for further enhancing the standard of socio-economic life and women empowerment. The female workers are yet to get their just wages from the garden-owners as the growing tea-farming sector in the region has been facing manifold problems including present unfair prices of the tea leaves for the tea farmers. At the end of study we may conclude that organic food is safe, better taste, healthier and friendly environment. Peoples are becoming aware about organic foods in producing as well as consuming. Hopefully, the organic market will be expanded very soon with blooming demands. Like taste and flavour, the appearance of organic fresh foods may stand in contrast to foods from the supermarket chains. Larger size, uniformity and absence of blemishes are features that wholesalers and retailers can select for at wholesale markets. Organic farming supports biodiversity by (1) uses no or fewer chemical pesticides, (2) using less inorganic fertilizers, (3) by adopting friendly habitats management and (4) mixing arable and farm animals farming. After completion of the study the following recommendations were made to popularize and extension of organic cultivation in minimizing environmental degradation.  Make people aware on the impacts of organic production to the environment  Make provision to teach organic farming in the school, college and universities for greater extension  Arrange organic food fair to disseminate the tale of organic and environment  Organize Farmer‟s field day on organic production and exhibit their organic produces  Need more research on organic production and climate change  Government should take care of organic production through appropriate policy support and rewarding for organic Page | 27 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Paper Publications production  Adhere advocacy campaign on organic production and utilization of organic produces REFERENCES [1] Zanoli, R. (ed.) (2004): The European consumer and organic food, Organic Marketing Initiatives and Rural Development, Volume 4, University of Wales Aberystwyth (School of Management and Business). [2] Brunso, K., T.A. Fjord, and K.G Grunert (2002): Consumers‟ food choice and quality perception. Mapp, The Aarhus School of Business, working paper 77. [3] Zanoli, R. and S. Naspetti (2002): Consumer motivations in the purchase of organic food: a means-end approach, British Food Journal, 104 (8), 643-653. [4] Steenkamp, J.-B.E.M. and H.C.M. van Trijp (1989), "Quality Guidance: A Consumer-Based Approach for Product Quality Improvement," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Marketing Academy, ed. G.J. Avlonitis, Athens (Greece): EMAC, 717-736. [5] Hall,A., & Mogyorody,V. 2001. Organic farms in Ontario: An examination argument. Sociologia Ruralis (4):399-422 [6] Aakkula J., J Peltola, R. Maijala and J. Siikamäki (2004): Consumer attitudes, underlying perceptions and actions associated with food quality and safety. In press.
  • 12. International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (17-28), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org [7] Barjolle, D. and B. Sylvander (2001): Some factors of success for „origin labelled products‟ in agri-food supply chains in Europe: Market, internal resources and institutions. In: Sylvander B., D. Barjolle and F. Arfini (eds.), The socio-economics of origin labeled products in agrifood supply chains: spatial, institutional and coordination aspects. INRAEconomica,. [8] Bredahl, L., (2003): Cue utilisation and quality perception with regard to branded beef. Food Quality and Page | 28 Paper Publications Preference, 15, 65-75. [9] Fotopoulos, C., A. Krystallis and M. Ness (2003): Wine produced by organic grapes in Greece: using means-end chains analysis to reveal organic buyers‟ purchasing motives in comparison to the non buyers. Food Quality and Preference, 14, 549-566. [10] Grunert, K.G., L. Bredahl and K. Brunsø (2004): Consumer perception of meat quality and implications for product development in the meat sector - a review. Meat Science, 66, 259-272. [11] Gambelli, D., S. Naspetti and D. Vairo (2003): Why buying organic meat and milk? A qualitative study on the Italian market. 1st SAFO workshop (“Socio-Economic Aspects of Animal Health and Food Safety in Organic Farming Systems”, Florence - Italy, September 2003). [12] Zanoli, R., S. Naspetti, D. Vario, E. Thelen, H. Laberenz and M. Bähr (2004): Potential scope for improved marketing: considering consumer expectations with regard to organic and regional food. In: Schmid, O., J. Sanders, and P. Midmore (eds.) Organic Marketing Initiatives and Rural Development, Organic Marketing Initiatives and Rural Development series: Volume 7, University of Wales, Aberystwyth.