Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to a water-soluble leuco compound using a reducing agent in an alkaline solution, allowing them to dye cotton fabric. This study examined dyeing cotton with vat dyes to provide the desired color and obscure the fabric surface while meeting market designs and improving durability. The dyeing process involved creating a leuco compound at 70C for 15 minutes using 5% dye, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and other chemicals to bond the dye to the cotton fibers.