- The document provides a study guide covering 4 sections on the French and Indian War and conflicts with Native Americans in the Ohio River Valley. It lists key people, events, treaties and battles such as George Washington's diplomatic mission, the Battle of Point Pleasant between Andrew Lewis' forces and Chief Cornstalk, and the siege of Fort Henry by Indians equipped by the British. It also discusses treaties like the Treaty of Camp Charlotte that promised the return of prisoners and established boundaries south of the Ohio River.

1. Study Guide
SECTION 1
• Allied- to form an association with another for a mutual benefit.
• Treaties- a formal agreement between two or more nations.
• Governor Robert Dinwiddie- This was Virginias governor that sent George
Washington on a diplomatic mission to ask the French to leave the OVR.
• George Washington- A young military officer who was sent on a diplomatic mission
to speak with the French, he also made the choice to build Fort Necessity to react
to the French retaliation.
• Joseph Couldon de Villers de Jumonville- French leader who commanded at Fort
Duquesne. Washington attacked this fort and Jumonville was killed, this caused
French retaliation.
• Retaliation- A counterattack. pg.343
• General Edward Braddock- A veteran of the British army sent by the King because
the conflict in the OVR. He died of his wounds later on after attacking Fort
Duquesne. pg.344-345
• Casualties- persons killed or wounded in battle.
• Mary Draper Ingles- Survived an Indian raid on Drapers Meadow and was held
captive, once in the village she managed to escape and find her way back home 6
weeks and 500 miles later. pg.346

2. • Major Andrew Lewis- was sent after Braddock’s defeat to make the colonist feel
safe, with his militia men, but lost ammunition and supplies in the rapids as they
traveled down the New River and turned around, they never got to attack any
Shawnee towns.
• William Pitt- He was the appointed to take over the war effort by the British. He
reorganized the army and poured money into supplies, thus changing the tide of the
War. pg.348
• The Treaty of Paris of 1763- this treaty officially ended the French and Indian War.
• Stamp Act- one of the many unfair taxes placed on the colonist to help pay for the
war.
• Tyranny- harsh or oppressive use of power.
SECTION 2
• Proclamation of 1763- This forbade settlement West of the Allegheny Front, and
ordered those already on the frontier to move back East immediately. (how did this
make colonist feel?) pg.343
• Pringle brothers- these two brothers, John and Samuel, deserted their post from
Fort Pitt and headed out West. They ended up living in a hollow sycamore tree and
living off the land.
• Nullified- This means to take away the legal status of something.

3. • Treaty of Fort Stanwix and Treaty of Hard Labor- these two treaties nullified the
Proclamation of 1763 and opened up the West for migration and settlement for the
colonist. (read and know the two treaties.) pg.356
• Lord Fairfax- hired Washington to survey and divide his seat into lots
SECTION 3
• Michael Cresap- settlers asked him to lead their attacks against the Indians, it is
believed that his series of attacks led to many of the problems that followed.
• Chief Logan- a Mingo Indian Chief, he was friendly with the settlers until he heard
about the slaying of his family. He then led a number of raids and killed or
imprisoned a number of settlers.
• A new war- Lord Dunmore decided to put an end to the power of the Indians in the
West. He created an army and divided it in two. He led the forces in the north and
Colonel Andrew Lewis commanded the troops in the South.
• The Battle of Point Pleasant- This battle was between Andrew Lewis’ forces and
Chief Cornstalks army of Indians. This was the biggest battle between settlers and
Indians in North America. pg.364-365
-Cornstalk was watching the movement of both armies and noticed that Dunmore
and Lewis had split. This is when Cornstalk decided to attack Lewis’ army.
-Cornstalks army of Indians were represented by Shawnee, Delaware, Mingo,
Wyandotte, and Cayuga Indians.

4. • Tu-Endie-Wei- this means “the point between two waters.” This is where the
bloodiest and most violent Indian battles took place, at Point Pleasant. It lasted all
day and stretched over a mile into the forrest.
-When night started to approach Cornstalk ordered his warriors to retreat. Indian
casualties were around 200, Lewis’ and his forces lost 50 men and had 100 wounded.
• The end of the war- Cornstalk requested a peace talk after he realized he couldn't
win the war.
• Treaty of Camp Charlotte- This treaty was signed by Dunmore, the Shawnee, the
Delaware and the Mingo Indians. They promised to return the prisoners and stolen
supplies. The Indians also agreed that they would no longer hunt south of the Ohio
River (Present day West Virginia). This treaty was only temporary.
-This made the colonists angry, they wanted the Indians defeated so they would
feel safe. They started to believe that Dunmore only wanted to cause a war for a
distraction since tensions between Great Britain and the colonist were rising
• Treaty of Pittsburgh- This was signed in 1775 and made the treaty of Camp
Charlotte permeant and the Indians agreed that they would remain neutral in during
the war with the British.
• Neutral- someone who does not pick a side in a conflict.
• Fort Gower Address- Soldiers take a pledge to King George, Lord Dunmore, but
they also pledge that their love for America and Virginia outweigh the other pledges.
• First Continental Congress- Eastern colonists were meeting and discussing their
issues with Great Britain and consider breaking away from her and declaring
independence.

5. SECTION 4
• Second Continental Congress- George Washington is chosen to led the new
American army and they vote to ask for soldiers from all colonies to help aid the war
effort.
• Berkeley and Frederick County- These counties formed two companies for the war
effort.
• Henry Hamilton- British Commander from Detroit who encouraged the Indians to
attack the westerners by bribing them with rum. He also encouraged colonials who
did not favor the war to help bring an end to the rebellion.
• Rebellion- open resistance to authority
• Loyalist (Tories)- People who did not want to separate from Great Britain. **1/3 of
colonists did not want to separate, 1/3 wanted to, and the other 1/3 wanted to
remain neutral.**
• Quakers, Mennonites, and Dunkards- these people did not fight because of their
religious views.
• Fort Henry- This was one of the worst attacks on the western frontier. This fort was
under siege by 300 to 400 Indians equipped with British ammunition and weapons.
The Indians attacked several times but never penetrated the fortress, so they killed
the cattle, destroyed the crops and burned down the houses around the fort as they
left.
• Siege- a military encounter where armed forces try to capture a fort or fortified town
by surrounding it and preventing any supplies from getting inside.

6. • Samuel McCulloch- He was a major that tried to help Fort Henry while they were
under siege. The Indians blocked his passage and tried to capture and kill him. He
managed to escape by leading his horse to jump off the edge of a cliff and survived
the ordeal.
• Fort Randolph- This is where Chief Cornstalk came to warn the settlers of an Indian
attack. The people did not trust Cornstalk so they captured him and held him
prisoner. A random Indian ambush happened outside of the fort and the people
blamed Cornstalk so and they killed him. pg.373
- 2,000 Indians sought revenge and put Fort Randolph under siege, they failed to
lure the people out and took their cattle and supplies and left.
• Fort Donnally- After the attack on Ft. Randolph the Indians went her to try and raid it
but they were warned and by John Pryor and Philip Hammond who disguised
themselves as Indians.
• Dick Pointer- He was a slave at Ft. Donnally who was on guard with Philip
Hammond waiting for the Indian attack. They held off the Indians long enough and
also woke up the others with weapons to fight the raid off. Later Dick Pointer was
granted his freedom from the Virginia General Assembly for his bravery. pg.374
• Second Attack on Fort Henry- British Captain Andrew Bradt led this attack with 40
British troops and 238 Indians. The fighting lasted for two days.
• Betty Zane- She was at Fort Henry for the second attack and the soldiers inside the
fort were running low on supplies. Betty volunteered for a mission to run to her
brothers house and retrieve more gun powered 60 yards away. She made it there
and back in one peace and was declared a heroine for her act of bravery.
• The Treaty of Paris of 1783- Required the British to abandon their forts in the west
while allowing the states to repay money they owed Great Britain.