This document proposes a Windows Server 2016 network solution for Fixing Windows LLC, a company with 3 locations planning rapid growth. Key aspects addressed include Active Directory, DHCP, DNS, file services, remote access, and networking concepts. Each choice is explained with technical and business reasoning. Active Directory forests will be set up independently at the Dallas and Houston offices, each with 6 domain controllers for redundancy. DHCP, DNS, file shares and remote access will be configured for security and accessibility. The proposal meets submission requirements with formatting, citations, and coverage of all required topics.

1. Students Name
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
What is APA style?
Is an American Psychological writing style developed in 1929
by social scientist to guide writing.
Writing style for academic documents such as journals, thesis
and books.
Consists of different rules and procedures to be observed during
writing.
Writers and publishers use uniform elements in writing such as
title page, paper citation, body presentation, punctuations and
abbreviations, presentation of numbers and statistics and many
others.
Writers and publishers can use the style purely or can modify it
to achieve given writing standards. The format has been
developed over the years to suit the growing needs of scientific
writing.

2. 2
What is the need of APA style?
The style was developed due to the need of uniform scientific
reporting.
Uniformity and simplicity of the style enables users to be able
to read through the documents faster with ease.
It provides clarity in the academic works by preventing
language biasness.
The rules enables all facts and ideas to be disclosed without any
distraction in the writings.
The style enables writers to follow rules in their work thereby
making the writings consistent. Again, the style has a standard
language to be used by every scholar or publisher. For this
reason, the format enables accuracy in all academic writings.
3
General APA guidelines
The work should be typed and printed on a standardized white
paper of 8.5 x 11 inch per paper.
The document should have a 1 inch margin in both sides.
The beginning of all the paragraphs should be indented by
pressing Tab once or placing five spaces.(Lester et al. 35).
APA format recommends the use of 12 pt. of Times New
Romans font for clarity.
The paper uses single space after periods or punctuation marks
in every sentence.

3. The entire work is finally double spaced for clarity.
The general guidelines are set to ensure that all the work is
clear and presentable. This is important as scholars don’t strain
to read the information in the paper.
4
Grammar and Language in APA
The style encourages the use of active voice in all the writings
(Szuchman et al. 37).
The author should always use bias free language in the writings.
Writers must observe grammatical rules which include;
Avoiding dangling modifiers
Ensuring verbs and subject agreement
Avoid using linguistic devices such as clichés, alliteration and
rhyming words.
Use of correct spelling of words.
Avoid being redundant in the writing
The sentences should never begin with numbers.
Arthurs use less abbreviations in their work.
Observation of grammar rules enables the readers to get the
actual ideas of the writer. Again, the rules enables scholars not
to be confused as a result of usage of inconsistent words.
5

4. Title page
The title information should have a specific page.
It contains the heading, writers, and the institutional affiliation
of the scholar. (Szuchman et al. 159).
It includes the running head flushed to the right with the page
number flushed to the right. The format is as shown;
Running head: PAPER TITLE page number
Note that the paper title is in capital case while the running
head in in small caps.
All other pages have headings flushed to the right as shown
PAPER TITLE page number
The title page is important in providing the first impression of
the work. All the titles in the paper should be in the upper case
except the one used in the title page which contains both upper
and lower case caps. The main words should begin with upper
case while miner words begin with lower case.
6
Title page
The main characters in the title should begin in capital letters
while other words begin in small letters. (Szuchman and Lenore
91).
The information should be written in the middle of the page.
The heading should not be more than 12 words in length without
any abbreviations.
The authors name is typed below the title starting with the first
name, middle name(s) and the last name.
Institution affiliation is typed below the authors name.

5. All text in the title page should be double spaced.
The author’s name should not contain initials such as Dr., PHD.
And others. Besides, the institution affiliation is used to
indicate the place or facilities used by the aurthor to conduct
the academic research.
7
Abstract
The writing should have an abstract.
The abstract provide an overview of the paper. (Szuchman and
Lenore 74)
It should be between 75-100 words .
The abstract should be placed in it’s a different page after the
title page.
It should be headed “Abstract” at the center in the upper end of
the page.
The abstract should not be indented.
The abstract is used to show how the writer has organized the
work. Again, it can be used to provide the main words in the
paper.
8

6. Body
This part is always on a different section of the work.
The heading which is in both upper and lower case should
appear at the center of the first line (Swales et al. 53) .
The introduction follows the title.
Headings should be used to organize the work and show
important sections.
The author must in text the source documents used in the
writing.
Visual figures can be used to illustrate given points.
The body always starts on the third page. In case the author uses
visual figures and diagrams, they should be as simple as
possible to enable the reader to understand the work.
9
Paper Citation
All the materials used must be cited in the paper (Swales et al.
63).
If the writer directly quotes from a material, citation must
include the authors last name, year of publication and page of
the book as shown;
“APA style is often difficult to use,”(John, 2014, p. 35), as
students confuse it with other styles
Use paragraph numbers to cite online work with no page
numbers.
In case of long quotations, omit the quotation marks then write
the words indented from the left margin on a different section as
illustrated below;

7. John’s (2014) study concluded that:
Many first year scholars encounter many challenges in APA
formatting. However, with good practice, the students find the
style very easy to use as compared with others. For this reason,
most lectures encourage their learners to always use the style in
their work.
Scholars have to cite their work to prevent plagiarism.
Furthermore, citation is a way of recognizing and appreciating
other scholars work in the academic field.
10
Paper Citation Cont’
When a writer has summarized or paraphrased a given authors
work, the writers identity and period of publication is given as
shown;
According to John (2014), APA formatting style is difficult for
most first year students.
The page paraphrased can also be indicated but not a must.
Lectures always encourage students to use APA format in their
writings (John, 2014, p. 35).
In case the material has two authors, “&” is used to include both
names as shown;
Kennedy, G. C., & John, P. L. (2007). (Kennedy & John, 2007)
In case of three authors;
Maurice, K. A., Ken, E. L., & Vista, U. N. (2004).
First citation, (Maurice, Ken, & Vista, 2004)

8. Subsequent citations, (Maurice et al., 2004)
In citing a material published by two authors, always include
both names of the writers in every place. However, in case of
three authors, only use the three names of the writers in the first
citing.
11
Paper Citation Cont’
More than three authors is cited as;
Felix, B. C., Alfred, M., Mali, K., MacCleopas, R. T., & Vista,
M. (2004). Becomes, (Felix et al., 2004)
When citing materials from the internet, always use the last date
the material was revised by the writer.
In case no authors are included in the work, use the main words
of the title instead of the writer.
Use “n.d.” when the work has no date of formatting instead of
the date.
For example,
John and Kennedy (2014) give important concepts in APA
formatting style.
The APA style is one of the easiest formatting writing styles(
APA Style, n. d.).

9. 12
References
Sources used should have a separate page at the end of the
work.(Szuchman et al. 84).
The page should be headed “Reference” in the middle of the
first line of the paper.
Every cited works must be provided at the reference.
References should be having hanging indentions.
The sources should be given in an alphabetic manner using the
last name of the first author.
Any sources apart from journal articles should have upper case
in the first letter of a title or a subtitle, first words of proper
nouns and letters after colon or a dash in the title.
The references enable the reader to be able to trace the facts in
the research done.
13
References Cont’
All the main words in the journal title should be in capital
letters (Szuchman et al. 143).
The titles of major materials should appear in italics.
Shorter works such as essays and some journals should not be
quoted or italicized.
Arthurs names should start with last names then other initials
follow.

10. In case the authors are more than six, list them then use “et al”
after the sixth writer.
14
References Cont’
Single authors; Last name first, followed by author initials. For
example;
John, K. (2014)…….
Incase of two authors , the writers names are given then & is
used between the names as shown;
Kennedy, S., & Abril, W. I. (2007)…………..
When the authors are an organization,
American Dentist Association. (2007)……
When the paper uses citations with no authors name, a writer
should use a shortened title of the work using the main words.
When two or more writings by the same author is given, the
scholar should list them following each other according to the
year of publication as shown,
John, J. K. (2008)…….
John, J. K. (2010)…….
References where authors have first similar names, the

11. subsequent names should be used to arrange the sources
alphabetically. Again, if the sources are from the same author in
the same year, they should be organized alphabetically in the
order of the article first word of the title.
15
References Cont’
The basic format for referencing books is given by (Szuchman
and Lenore 84);
writers last name and initials(Year of publication or editing).
Book heading. Place: printer
In case the book has been edited, it should contain the word
“ed.” At the end of the title.
Electronic references;
Web page,
Scholars name (Last date of edition). Title of resource. Web
address where the information was retrieved.
Online publications,
Author last name(s) and initials (last date of edition). Title of
material, Heading of the publication, volume number(edition
number). Date of retrieval, web page address
In case a author appears in a source document as a sole author
then as a main writer in a group of writers, then the single
author entry should be first. Besides, where, the authors
name(s) are not there but the editors name are given, the editors
last names and initials should be used.
16

12. Works Cited
Lester, James D., and James D. Lester. Writing research
papers: A complete guide. Pearson, 2012.
Swales, John M., and Christine B. Feak. Academic writing
for graduate students: Essential tasks and skills. Vol. 1.
Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2004.
Szuchman, Lenore T., and Barbara Thomlison. Writing with
style: APA style for social work. Cengage Learning, 2010.
Szuchman, Lenore T. Writing with style: APA style made
easy. Cengage Learning, 2013.
Windows Network Proposal - Networking
You have been hired by Fixing Windows LLC as an Information
Technology consultant to develop a technology proposal. Fixing
Windows LLC manufactures and distributes solar panel for the
consumer market. Your job is to submit a proposal that meets
their criteria.
Current Implementation/Concerns:
· The company will have 3 locations (Los Angeles, Dallas, and
Houston) but are planning to grow rapidly due to high demand
in solar panels. Main staff will be at Dallas and Houston
offices.
· Data security is priority since patent and trademarks are at
stake.
· Los Angeles sales personnel will need secure remote access to
Houston office.

13. · The WAN connectivity is in place and it is not an issue. There
is ample bandwidth in place.
· Feel free to make other assumptions but they need to be noted
in the paper.
Topics to Cover:
Your document should cover the content presented in the
course. The outline below contains recommended points to
cover. You are free to add other related information.
Describe the technical and business reasons for each choice,
citing other resources as appropriate. The Windows Server 2016
operating system should be used for all aspects of the solution.
The topics include:
DNS and DHCP
· How had DHCP installation and authorization been
implemented?
· DHCP scope design (e.g., lease times, number of scopes,
address range)
· Will a form of DHCP fault tolerance be implemented?
· Will DHCP reservations be used for servers?
· How can IPAM be utilized?
· How will IPv6 be utilized?
· How will DNS be implemented?
· DNS Security
· How will DNS be handled for the second and third site?
· What namespace should Fixing Windows LLC implement?
· What types of zones needed?
File Services, DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEM (DFS) AND
BRANCHCACHE:
· How will the shares be secured?

14. · Will quotas be used? FSRM be configured?
· Will DFS be implemented?
Remote Services and NETWORK POLICY SERVER (NPS):
· What technology will be implemented to provide secure
remote access for users?
· Who should have remote access?
Discuss these other server 2016 Networking concepts:
· HIGH PERFORMANCE NETWORK SOLUTIONS
· SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING (SDN)
Submission Requirements:
There are specific requirements for the assignment: The final
submission should contain at least 6 pages’ worth of text
written by the student (not counting title page, images,
diagrams, tables, or quotations), but may be longer, not to
exceed approximately 10 pages’ worth of student-supplied text.
(With the required diagram, and other images, title page, etc.,
the final submission may end up being more than 10 pages in
length.) It must be double-spaced, have 1-inch margins, and use
12-point Times New Roman or 10-point Arial/Helvetica font. A
title page is required; APA format for the title page is optional.
· At least one diagram must be included (not counted towards
the minimum length described above). You can have more.
· The submission must cover all of the 6 major topics outlined
above. Each choice should be explained with technical and
business reasoning. The solution should be reasonably detailed.
· The structure of the final submission is flexible. There is no
specific format required, although it should be organized
logically and represent a single, unified solution. It is likely
that the format will include separate sections for each of the 6
topics required, as well as a summary.
· At least one non-textbook, non-LabSim, non-Wikipedia

15. reference is required; preferably, this would be a “best practice”
guide or similar content from Microsoft or an experienced
provider of Microsoft solutions.
· Be sure to properly quote or cite any sources used. APA
format is required for in-text citations and the list of works
cited at the end. It is expected that you are already familiar with
UMUC's "Policy on Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism." It is
available in the Academic Policies section of the Syllabus; there
are also links in the Webliography. In its simplest form, if you
are using text from a source, you must cite and/or quote it. If
plagiarism is found, then there will be a penalty to the grade.
Running Head: WINDOWS NETWORK PROPOSAL
WINDOWS NETWORK PROPOSAL
11
Windows Network Proposal - Networking
Ademola Adebisi
Serhiy Kuzhanov
CMIT 370
03/01/19

16. Introduction
Fixing Windows LLC is taking steps towards having a
technology solution capable of effectively supporting its
growing operations. Windows Server 2016 is only succeeded by
one generation of the server releases, placing it as a modern
solution for organizations that choose to embrace it, and
provides solutions that meet the needs of the company. Fixing
Windows LLC doesn’t have to worry about implementing
different solutions for its different offices, with this solution
capable of being effectively deployed to serve these multiple
locations.
Active Directory
At both the Dallas and Houston offices will be an active
directory forest, and each of them will contain the domain,
application, and group policy and configuration data and will
operate independently of each other as users will not be capable
of accessing the other forest. Each of the active directory
forests will consist of domain controllers that will be constantly
exchanging files among each other. To determine the
extensibility of the system, tasks like data replication will
happen within these active directory forests. There will be
around six or so domain controllers in an active directory forest
and these will be responsible for supporting administrative
activities for Fixing Windows LLC. Comment by Serhiy
Kuzhanov: This is against every Microsoft best practice
Comment by Serhiy Kuzhanov: What files do domain
controllers need to exchange and why?
The main domain controller of the company will be located at
the Houston offices, with Dallas also being capable of hosting
the controller. However, for redundancy purposes, there will
also be a read-only domain controller that will be installed at

17. the Los Angeles offices, with backup solutions. As a read-only
setup, the Los Angeles domain controller will not be likely to
threaten the security of the man controller in Houston. The Los
Angeles office will be a sales office, with a small staff and as
such will need minimal technical support compared to the
Dallas and Houston offices. These offices, given their relatively
large sizes in terms of personnel and operations, will be from
where the active directory will be managed. With different
departments and the employees conducting different roles and
responsibilities within the organization, organizational units
will be established, with each unit for each of the various
departments, and each of them operating independently. User
profiles along with their permissions, system privileges and
access controls will be managed within these organizational
units, ensuring that each of the units is responsible for setting
up the credentials for users under them and that the access
controls granted to the user are within the limits of the user’s
duties. For tracking and auditing purposes, there will be the
flexible single master on (FSMO) roles that will be installed on
a small number of stations, with the roles ending up on domain
controllers from where other stations will access to get a given
role (Palmer, 2017). Comment by Serhiy Kuzhanov: If you
have two forests, how can you have one mail domain controller?
You will at least have two main domain controllers – one for
each forest. And how can you say that Dallas is capable of
hosting a domain controller if you already said that you will
deploy an independent forest at that site, so it MUST include a
domain controller
Group Policy
The system administrators of Fixing Windows LLC will use
Group Policy to establish user and machine configurations, with
settings like determining the limit of user’s failed login
attempts before they are locked out of the system, to the
deployment of applications. The Group Policy settings are
applicable to all levels within the active directory, including the
domain, organizational unit, to a site computer. The policy

18. settings can be edited and managed through the Microsoft
Management Console or through the PowerShell. The Group
Policy Object Editor is responsible for managing the various
group policies and is located under the management console and
the administrator has the option of browsing the various policies
and subsequently making a selection. PowerShell could also be
used to make edits to group policies, with a module dedicated
solely to the management of group policies, which will however
only be available at the Houston office which has been
configured as the domain controller (Palmer, 2017).
Group Policy allows for application deployment either
through publishing or assigning. Deployment through assigning
happens when the particular application can be accessed by
users and other workstations. From any of the company’s
workstation, the employees of Fixing Windows LLC will be
capable of accessing any application that had been deployed by
way of assigning. It is a cheap way of deploying applications
and will ensure that employees have easy access to basic and
essential applications they require to complete their
responsibilities. When an application has been deployed via
publishing, then the application will only be available to the
users, where instead of it being installed within the computer,
will be tied to a particular user. Whenever a user needs to
access the application, they will log onto any computer and will
then be prompted to install the application, which will then be
uninstalled when they log off. It is a useful solution when there
is a need to restrict the access to certain applications to specific
users within the organization. Publishing will then become a
part of the company’s data security efforts as it will place
restrictions on access to sensitive applications and the data that
come with them. The company has a number of trade secrets
that it would prefer to be restricted to a few authorized
individuals within the organization. Providing access to these
applications via assigning would expose them to the risk of
being accessed by unauthorized individuals, making publishing
the most appropriate solution to maintain confidentiality

19. (Krause, 2016).
Information security is important for any organization, and
Fixing Windows LLC has been provided with Windows Firewall
with Advanced Security, which is deployable under Group
Policy settings. It is a capable tool that can be utilized to screen
all traffic moving in and out of the system for potential threats.
From the group policy settings, the administrator can also
undertake user access control and determine the privileges that
various users will be granted within the system. It should
prevent unauthorized attempts to access or manipulate data in
the system without the express authorization to do so, with any
user that seeks such access needing to have been granted the
right credentials (Krause, 2016).
DNS
DNS will be used to provide name resolution through the
provision of temporary IP addresses to the TCP/IP and to DHCP
for the provision of temporary IP addresses to client computers.
The activities of DNS will be supported by three servers, with
other backup servers that will be deployed to act as failover
options in the event that the primary servers are down. The
servers will be housed at both the Houston and Dallas offices
with a DNS server at each of the offices. The servers will be
installed and configured at these offices manually, ensuring
there is a direct interaction between the technical team and the
server for purposes of making any identification of potential
issues with the servers and addressing them as soon as possible.
The main server will be responsible for managing the addresses,
hosting most of them, with any other addresses being hosted
within the backup server. The main server will be the location
from which clients will be provided with their IP addresses,
with this continuing until such a point that the backup server
will need to take over should the primary server experience
failure. The backup server has been envisioned as the principal
backup solution for the main server, containing similar data and
capabilities and could hence easily take over for the main server
in the event of failure (Thomas, 2017). Comment by Serhiy

20. Kuzhanov: That is a function of DHCP
As the company seeks or more ways to remain up to date with
emerging technology, it will be taking steps towards the use of
mobile devices within the organization, which should mobility
and allow for employees to access company technology
resources even when away from the office. With mobile
devices, it can happen much more efficiently, with the devices
being highly portable while at the same time possessing
capabilities for sophisticated functionalities. These devices will
make use of two virtual servers deployed to utilize split DNS,
with a much more simplified approach for the DNS namespace
design (Palmer, 2017).
File Services
A file system will be installed within its own independent
server and will be assigned a unique IP address. Users, on the
other hand, will be provided with virtual drives they will use for
individual tasks with shared drives deployed for hosting
network files. The file server resource manager (FSRM) will be
used to administer both the user and the shared drives, with a
number of actions taken to ensure the efficient use of the
available resources. Individual users will be allocated a limited
space size within the drives assigned to them while the different
departments given their varying needs will be allocated the
space on a case by case basis to ensure each department to have
the optimal space allocation for its operations. The same way,
should any user or department require additional space, they
will place requests for the same and further allocations will also
happen on a case by case basis. However, the quota system will
be strictly maintained, with an additional request for space
needing to be done only at the utmost necessity, with users
being more careful with the way they use up the space allocated
to them. The administrator will, therefore, be responsible for
both setting up and enforcing rules on effective space
management within the system, making extensive use of the
capabilities provided by the file server resource manager
(FSRM). The File Classification Infrastructure (FCI) is a tool

21. within the FSRM that can classify various file formats and
subsequently used to restrict certain formats from being stored
within the various allocated spaces, whether within individual
user drives or the shared drives. As such, users will be
prevented from storing certain files types within their drives to
ensure they do not use up their allotted space for non-essential
storage. The administrator will be alerted whenever a given user
or department is close to depleting their allotted space. It
should give the administrator to decide on how to handle the
situation, which could include analyzing the user space for
potential optimization leading to more space being freed up or
seeking ways to provide the additional space. FCI could also be
used to place encryption on certain files to restrict access to
them as well as place expiry dates on other files and ensure they
are deleted within a certain period of time. The latter could be a
response to dealing with certain file types that are no longer of
use to the organization and their effective disposal will lead to
the availability of more space to be allocated to users and
departments (Thomas, 2017).
With Distributed File Services (DFS) are DFS Replication
and DFS Namespaces, providing the availability of a common
directory to users. With DFS Replication, there is the capability
to conduct folder replication across multiple sites and multiple
servers, and do with efficiency. To make effective use of the
available space, file compression algorithms are used on files,
leaving more space available for further utilization in future. An
effective compression method used will be the remote
differential compression which instead of making replications
of an entire file, will instead seek out the modification that was
made to it and retain those modifications. Such an approach
should avoid unnecessary redundancies and lead to appropriate
use of space. DFS Namespaces provide an administrator with a
virtual view of shared folders that have hosted within different
servers and consists of a single root that has multiple other
targets and links. Multiple root targets can be mapped from a
single root, and users are able to view a namespace as a single

22. folder containing multiple subfolders within it. It is a quite
effective solution for when data is spread out across multiple
servers, making tedious for users to access the different servers
individually to access the data. Instead, users get a streamlined
solution where all these servers can be viewed as a single folder
known as the namespace and allowing for easier conducting of
tasks by viewing multiple folders from different servers from a
single location (Palmer, 2017).
Remote Services
The remote server access role can be implemented with three
role services namely Direct Access, Web Application Proxy and
Routing and Remote Access. Remote access provides
centralized administration and the monitoring and tracking of
Direct Access and Routing and Remote Access Service, which
can be deployed on one Edge server. The management of these
technologies can be conducted via both Remote Access
Microsoft Management Console as well as on the Windows
PowerShell. Direct Access provides users with remote access
capabilities to applications as well as other shared resources
that are located within a restricted internal network, providing
such access without the user having to resort to a virtual private
network (VPN). Direct Access will launch a connection with
another within the network that has been enabled for Direct
Access and establishes a two-way connection via the internet,
doing away with the need of the remote users to first access the
company’s internal network. The system administrator will have
their capabilities and reach expanded as they will be able to
conduct remote administration tasks without necessarily having
to use a virtual private network to achieve that (Krause, 2016).
With an office located thousands of miles away in Los
Angeles from the Texas offices, the employees in Los Angeles
should easily access the resources within the Houston and even
the Dallas offices. This will, however, require that there be a
reliable WAN internet connect since the Direct Access remote
capabilities will require reliable internet service to successful
establish remote access. The system administrators will also

23. benefit, allow for seamless connection to all of the company’
technology resources via an efficient solution (Thomas, 2017).
Windows Server Update Service (WSUS)
The Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) streamlines the
capabilities of the administrators to conduct management and
distribution of updates to the system via the central management
console. Known as an update source, the server responsible will
be connected to Microsoft Update, from where it will be getting
regular information on available and upcoming updates. The
administrator will have the choice of making further additions
to the servers in a bid to improve their capabilities. With
Windows Server Update Service, Fixing Windows LLC will
have streamlined the update management tasks for the whole
system by having them done from a centralized console,
allowing for a comprehensive view of the system. An automated
solution will ensure updates still happen even if the
administrators forget to make themselves. The Windows
PowerShell enhanced capabilities will extend to the
management of The Windows Server Update Service (WSUS)
(Krause, 2016).
Summary
The Windows Server 2016 was released with many more
features, some new and some Justas they were in the previous
iteration as well as many improvements. Fixing Windows LLC
has thus being provided with the requisite tools and capabilities
that will allow it to continue growing its operations with the
right technological tools.
Appendix
Direct Access communication between two sites

24. References
Krause, J. (2016). Mastering Windows Server 2016. Packt
Publishing Ltd.
Palmer, M. (2017). Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2016.
Cengage Learning.
Thomas, O. (2017). Windows Server 2016 Inside Out (includes
Current Book Service). Microsoft Press.
Meaning of Problem Statement in a Research
A problem statement refers to clear description of issues(s) such
as the vision, issues statement as well as approach that is
needed to solve a particular problem (Bryman, 2008).

25. A problem statement is used to help an individual or a team to
remain focus on research efforts so as to solve a given problem.
A problem statement should be designed to address the
following questions:
*
Cont’
What is the problem? - In this sense the focus is on boundaries
of the problem such as customers or work flow among others
Who has the problem? – Focuses on the person or group that is
affected by the problem. For instance, it can be customers or
particular groups among others.
Why- Relates to the reasons that indicate the importance of
solving a particular problem?
*
Cont’
When- Relates to particular time when the problem occurs.
Where- Relates to specific area that is affected with the problem
such as certain places or process among others.

26. *
Cont’
The purpose for writing problem statement is as follows:
Introduce the significance of studying particular topic or issues
to readers
Put the problem is a given context to make it easy for carry out
study on it
Gives information concerning the tools that will be needed to
display required information.
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Description of a Background
The main issue in the background of the problem is the ability
to reflect on facts related to problem so that other readers can
understand the problem well.
Background description enables researchers to have better
understanding on how to design the experiment (Schindler &
Cooper, 2014).
In order to have a good description of background information
the researcher needs to consider answering the5W’s.
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27. General information in a Background Search
Wide view of the subject of study (root of the problem)
Definition of the topic
Major dates as well as events in the study
The key words and specific concepts concerning the study.
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Problem Description and Research objective
Description of the problem includes particular important points
such as the hypothesis concerning the research, main
treatments, and explanation of the location and scope of the
study. Problem description should be done on specific terms
other than general terms.
Research objectives are the descriptions what researchers expect
to achieve at the end of the study (David, 2011). The objectives
in this case are determined through looking at the kind of
research that needs be done as well as information that should
be obtained by the study. The kind of questions and subjects of
study are the important factors for determining the research
objective
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28. Examples on How Samples can be used
Samples are used when collecting data to represent the entire
population. For instance, collecting sample data through
observing a particular group of people so as to help in making
inferences concerning the general population.
Some of the information such as individual opinions can be
obtained through sampling (opinions of college students) to
give a bigger picture concerning the popularity of particular
political candidate among the youths among others.
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Definition of Limitations of Research and Example
Research limitations refers to shortcomings or influences that
put restriction to the methodology and conclusion of a research
yet the researcher has no control over such issues (David,
2011).
Some of the areas that can be used to identity limitations
include the analysis, choice of date collection methods, nature
of self-reporting, nature of the samples (scope) used in the
experiment as well as the time limit.
An example of a research limitation is on a study that is done
in a particular city involving men is subjected to limitations
such as gender, sample size as well as the location.
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29. Example of Diagram and Chart
The percentage of new students who joins different sports in
their school each year
Example of number of cars sold within particular period
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Chart1FootballRubgyTennisOthers
Sales
0.4
0.2
0.25
0.15
Sheet1SalesFootball40%Rubgy20%Tennis25%Others15%To
resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.
Chart1week 1week 1week 1week 2week 2week 2week 3week
3week 3week 4week 4week 4
Nissan
Toyota
others
0
7
8
3
10
5
7
7
4

30. 4
3
4
Sheet1NissanToyotaothersweek 11o78week 23105week
3774week 4434To resize chart data range, drag lower right
corner of range.
Conclusion
Most of the research studies have gaps which need to be
foundation for conducting other studies in the future.
When mentioning limitations the researcher should state the
choices
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Recommendations
Every researcher should strive to reduce the scope of limitations
during the study.
Every researcher should follow all the necessary steps when
doing a research in order to have a comprehensive research
study.
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31. References
Bryman, A. (2008). Social research methods, 4th edition.
Oxford: Oxford University Press
Schindler, P., & Cooper, D. (2014). Business research
Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
David, S.(2011). Qualitative research: Issues of Theory,
method and practice, 3rd edition. New Delhi: Sage
Publications.
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