Struggle and survival_2[1]
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•241 views
The document summarizes the struggles of four historical figures: 1. ShulushHoma of Couechitto Tribal man, a Native American warrior whose death helped spark the Civil War by challenging European powers. 2. Juan de Morga, a rebel mulatto slave in Mexico who forged a new identity and was tortured before making a pact with Satan and being freed. 3. Beatriz de Padilla, a light-skinned woman born in Spain who was accused of mysterious events and despised for her mixed race heritage. 4. Squanto, a lone Native American who helped the Pilgrim colonization of New England by rescuing them and teaching them
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Red shoes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
The spanish empire
The document discusses Spanish colonization of the Americas between 1492 and 1898 through several topics:
1) Spanish colonization began with Christopher Columbus's exploration in 1492 and sparked Spanish expansion and spreading of religion among indigenous peoples across central America, the Caribbean, Mexico, and the southwestern U.S.
2) The Conquistadors voluntarily provided their own weapons and transportation to seek wealth and glory in the New World through adventuring, despite long odds of success or survival.
3) The Viceroyalty of New Spain was the core Spanish territory in North America, comprising much of the continent plus islands like the Philippines and Taiwan.
A.p. u.s. ch 4 p.p
The document discusses life and society in early colonial America, specifically in the Chesapeake region and New England. It covers several topics:
1. Tobacco cultivation and the rise of indentured servitude dominated the Chesapeake economy in the 17th century. Friction with Native Americans increased as tobacco expanded further inland.
2. Dissatisfied indentured servants and small landowners in the Chesapeake launched Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 against the governor due to issues with Native American attacks.
3. The transatlantic slave trade brought millions of enslaved Africans to the Americas, with around 400,000 ending up in North America. The southern colonies adopted slavery
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Portuguese explorer who served under Hernan Cortes in the battle against the Aztecs. After exploring parts of Mexico and Central America, he returned to Spain where he married before settling in Guatemala. In 1542, Cabrillo led the first European expedition to explore the west coast of North America, discovering what is now San Diego. While returning from his voyage, Cabrillo fell ill and died on January 3, 1543. His exploration of the California coast impacted the future development of cities like San Diego.
Becoming america
The document discusses how various groups migrated to and settled in early America. It describes how Native American tribes lived in diverse communities across the land prior to European contact. It then outlines key European explorers and colonizers, including the Norse, Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro and the English. The English established colonies for religious, economic and population relief reasons. The earliest English colonies struggled but eventually thrived through the development of cash crops like tobacco and systems of land distribution. Religion played a strong role in colonial life and the Great Awakening impacted political views. The economies of the northern, middle and southern colonies differed based on their environments and trade networks.
The philippines a century hence pptx
Rizal's essay "The Philippines a Century Hence" from 1889 forecasts three possible futures for the Philippines within 100 years: 1) Remaining a colony of Spain in good terms, 2) Attempting to cut ties through violence, or 3) Being colonized by another country. He analyzes the causes of Filipino misery under Spanish colonial policies including population decline, cultural destruction, and passivity among the natives. However, the Filipinos began to realize oppression could no longer be tolerated as national consciousness grew despite Spain's attempts to keep the people uneducated, impoverished, and submissive.
Slave resistance
This document discusses various forms of resistance by slaves, ranging from passive to active resistance. Passive resistance included slow working, pretending illness, and telling lies. More extreme forms of passive resistance included refusing to work, running away, and suicide. Active resistance such as sabotage, damaging property, and murdering whites on the plantation were rare due to severe punishments but did sometimes occur. Resistance was shaped by both the African cultural influences retained by slaves and the example of Native American resistance to Spanish enslavement. Overall, prolonged slave resistance made slavery an inefficient system and contributed to its eventual end.
[Jose rizal] the_indolence_of_the_filipino(book_fi)
This document is Jose Rizal's essay "The Indolence of the Filipino" in which he examines the concept of indolence among Filipinos. In 3 sentences:
Rizal acknowledges that indolence exists among Filipinos but argues it is an effect of the troubles and backwardness in the country rather than a cause. He explores the natural predisposition toward indolence in tropical climates and argues this has been exacerbated by the colonial system. Rizal aims to study the causes of indolence in the Philippines rather than just arguing for or against its existence.
The People of the Portuguese and Spanish Colonies
This document provides biographical information on several individuals from history in Latin America:
- Diego Vasicuio was a 90-year-old Indian leader in Peru who was tried for heresy for worshipping the god Sorimana. He ensured the survival of his cult's practices.
- Damiana De Cunha was a central figure in a Portuguese village who mediated between the villagers and colonial authorities after being taken hostage as a child.
- Hernando de Valencia was a treasury agent in Madrid who traveled to Peru but faced scandal and returned to Spain after various controversies.
Recommended
The spanish empire
The document discusses Spanish colonization of the Americas between 1492 and 1898 through several topics:
1) Spanish colonization began with Christopher Columbus's exploration in 1492 and sparked Spanish expansion and spreading of religion among indigenous peoples across central America, the Caribbean, Mexico, and the southwestern U.S.
2) The Conquistadors voluntarily provided their own weapons and transportation to seek wealth and glory in the New World through adventuring, despite long odds of success or survival.
3) The Viceroyalty of New Spain was the core Spanish territory in North America, comprising much of the continent plus islands like the Philippines and Taiwan.
A.p. u.s. ch 4 p.p
The document discusses life and society in early colonial America, specifically in the Chesapeake region and New England. It covers several topics:
1. Tobacco cultivation and the rise of indentured servitude dominated the Chesapeake economy in the 17th century. Friction with Native Americans increased as tobacco expanded further inland.
2. Dissatisfied indentured servants and small landowners in the Chesapeake launched Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 against the governor due to issues with Native American attacks.
3. The transatlantic slave trade brought millions of enslaved Africans to the Americas, with around 400,000 ending up in North America. The southern colonies adopted slavery
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Portuguese explorer who served under Hernan Cortes in the battle against the Aztecs. After exploring parts of Mexico and Central America, he returned to Spain where he married before settling in Guatemala. In 1542, Cabrillo led the first European expedition to explore the west coast of North America, discovering what is now San Diego. While returning from his voyage, Cabrillo fell ill and died on January 3, 1543. His exploration of the California coast impacted the future development of cities like San Diego.
Becoming america
The document discusses how various groups migrated to and settled in early America. It describes how Native American tribes lived in diverse communities across the land prior to European contact. It then outlines key European explorers and colonizers, including the Norse, Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro and the English. The English established colonies for religious, economic and population relief reasons. The earliest English colonies struggled but eventually thrived through the development of cash crops like tobacco and systems of land distribution. Religion played a strong role in colonial life and the Great Awakening impacted political views. The economies of the northern, middle and southern colonies differed based on their environments and trade networks.
The philippines a century hence pptx
Rizal's essay "The Philippines a Century Hence" from 1889 forecasts three possible futures for the Philippines within 100 years: 1) Remaining a colony of Spain in good terms, 2) Attempting to cut ties through violence, or 3) Being colonized by another country. He analyzes the causes of Filipino misery under Spanish colonial policies including population decline, cultural destruction, and passivity among the natives. However, the Filipinos began to realize oppression could no longer be tolerated as national consciousness grew despite Spain's attempts to keep the people uneducated, impoverished, and submissive.
Slave resistance
This document discusses various forms of resistance by slaves, ranging from passive to active resistance. Passive resistance included slow working, pretending illness, and telling lies. More extreme forms of passive resistance included refusing to work, running away, and suicide. Active resistance such as sabotage, damaging property, and murdering whites on the plantation were rare due to severe punishments but did sometimes occur. Resistance was shaped by both the African cultural influences retained by slaves and the example of Native American resistance to Spanish enslavement. Overall, prolonged slave resistance made slavery an inefficient system and contributed to its eventual end.
[Jose rizal] the_indolence_of_the_filipino(book_fi)
This document is Jose Rizal's essay "The Indolence of the Filipino" in which he examines the concept of indolence among Filipinos. In 3 sentences:
Rizal acknowledges that indolence exists among Filipinos but argues it is an effect of the troubles and backwardness in the country rather than a cause. He explores the natural predisposition toward indolence in tropical climates and argues this has been exacerbated by the colonial system. Rizal aims to study the causes of indolence in the Philippines rather than just arguing for or against its existence.
The People of the Portuguese and Spanish Colonies
This document provides biographical information on several individuals from history in Latin America:
- Diego Vasicuio was a 90-year-old Indian leader in Peru who was tried for heresy for worshipping the god Sorimana. He ensured the survival of his cult's practices.
- Damiana De Cunha was a central figure in a Portuguese village who mediated between the villagers and colonial authorities after being taken hostage as a child.
- Hernando de Valencia was a treasury agent in Madrid who traveled to Peru but faced scandal and returned to Spain after various controversies.
Hist 140 portuguese empire in the americas. healy
This document summarizes biographies of three individuals from Portugal's colonial empire in the Americas:
1) Antonio de Gouveia, a 16th century Azorean priest who explored for gold and silver in Brazil and captured Indians for slavery.
2) Madre Catarina de Monte Sinay, a 17th century nun in Bahia, Brazil who made money through a sweets business and renting property.
3) Francisca, an 18th century indigenous woman from Belem do Para, Brazil who was enslaved as a child and later petitioned for her freedom.
Struggle and survival pt3
The document summarizes the histories of several individuals from 1600s-1700s Central Mexico, Lima, Western New Spain, Plymouth, and Virginia. It describes Juan de Morga and Gertrudis de Escobar as mulatto slaves who overcame difficulties. Cristobal Bequer joined the priesthood after a murder accusation but continued violent acts. Beatriz de Padilla was accused of killing her three husbands. Squanto aided pilgrims with corn in Plymouth. Opechancanough fought against English colonists as a Powhatan chief until his death in 1646.
Struggle And Survival
This summary provides information on three individuals from the document:
1) Opechancanough was the war chief of the Opechancanough tribe who lived in Virginia from 1569-1646. He masterminded two Indian rebellions against English colonists in 1622 and 1644 before being assassinated while held captive in 1646.
2) Thomas Peters was a former fugitive slave who joined the Black Pioneers regiment in 1776. He later advocated for land rights for blacks living in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick during the 1790s.
3) Isabel Moctezuma was born in 1509 to the Aztec emperor Montezuma II. She married two
5 women from Guatemala who changed history | Jürg Widmer Probst
Jürg Widmer Probst lists women from Guatemala who are making an impact and changing history, whether as politicians, fighters for justice or shining a light on victims of the Guatemalan civil war.
The Indolence of the filipinos chapter II
The document discusses reasons for the alleged indolence of Filipinos during the Spanish colonization period. It argues that Filipinos were industrious traders with other countries like China prior to Spanish arrival. The indolence was caused by Spain through lack of education, lack of economic opportunities, and exploitation through high taxes. The document also notes that lack of unity among Filipinos prevented resistance to the hostile Spanish government. It concludes that labeling an entire population as indolent ignores external oppressive forces imposed on them.
Oppression and reisitance
This document summarizes various forms of resistance and rebellion against oppression employed by indigenous and enslaved peoples in the Caribbean. It describes tactics like guerrilla warfare, sabotage, running away, and establishing maroon communities. It also discusses organized revolts and rebellions, like the successful Haitian revolution that established the first black republic. Finally, it notes that struggles continued even after emancipation, as freed slaves faced ongoing social and economic oppression.
Posting 4
The document summarizes chapters from multiple sources on Colonial Latin America. It discusses several indigenous individuals such as Gaspar Antonio Chi, a Maya nobleman who accommodated the Spanish colonizers; Dona Isabel Sisa, an indigenous woman who resisted gender inequalities; as well as Domingos Fernandes Nobre, a trader who supplied indigenous slaves to Portuguese plantations. It also examines the lives of individuals with mixed heritages such as Catalina and the experiences of Africans and Afro-descendants in the colonial society, including the mystic Ursula de Jesus and the resistance leader Zumbi of Palmares. The chapters show how indigenous elites shaped colonial policies and various groups navigated and challenged social
Indolence+of+the+filipinos
Rizal published his work "Indolence of the Filipinos" in five installments in La Solidaridad from July to September 1890. In it, he admits that indolence exists among Filipinos but argues one must study the causes before proposing solutions. He attributes Filipino indolence to factors like forced labor, lack of encouragement of trade from the government, and limited education and training received by natives, which reduced the causes of indolence to those two primary factors.
How do the caribbean people respond to oppression
how do the people of the Caribbean respond to oppression in the past and how are they responding to it now
Slavery
Slavery emerged in the American colonies in the early 1500s as European powers shipped over 11 million slaves from Africa. Three systems of slavery developed - in the South where slaves worked large tobacco and rice plantations under brutal conditions, in the North where slaves worked smaller farms and homes, and the Gullah people maintained African traditions in the Carolinas. The American Revolution both freed some slaves who ran away but also entrenched slavery in the South, where the institution grew stronger. Life for slaves was difficult, with inadequate food, clothing and housing, harsh punishments, and poor health due to disease. Over time slavery was abolished after independence and the establishment of human rights.
Part 4: The Philippines a Century Hence
The document summarizes Jose Rizal's views on Spain's colonial rule of the Philippines in an essay. Rizal discusses three possible outcomes: 1) assimilation of the Philippines into Spain, 2) destruction of the Philippines, or 3) elimination of Spain from the Philippines. Rizal believes the third option is most likely. He also argues that Spain cannot prevent progress in the Philippines by keeping people uneducated, impoverished, or attempting extermination. Spain must change its colonial policies to the needs of Philippine society and rising nationalism. Rizal's vision eventually came true when the US took control of the Philippines from Spain in 1898.
The indolence of the Filipinos
Rizal's essay "The Indolence of the Filipinos" responds to claims that Filipinos were inherently lazy during the Spanish colonial period. He argues that various Spanish policies caused Filipinos to lose their motivation to work. Specifically, he claims that the Spanish disrupted trade, imposed exploitative labor systems, failed to protect the people from attacks, implemented a flawed education system, and established an oppressive religious doctrine. Rather than laziness being innate to Filipinos, Rizal asserts that the indolence was a rational response to these oppressive Spanish colonial policies that deprived Filipinos of dignity and control over the fruits of their labor.
Periods of caribbean_history
The document provides an overview of the history of the Caribbean, beginning with the indigenous Amerindian peoples like the Tainos and Kalinago. It then discusses the arrival of Europeans starting with Columbus, and the establishment of systems like encomienda and repartimiento that exploited the Amerindians. As the indigenous populations declined, indentured servitude from Europe was introduced. However, African slavery became the dominant labor system on plantations from the 1600s-1800s, with over 3 million enslaved Africans brought to the Caribbean. Life as a slave was extremely difficult, with long work days and brutal punishments.
Slavery in the united states
Slavery existed in the United States from 1619 until 1865, primarily in the Southern states. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million slaves out of a total US population of 12 million, most held by large plantation owners. Slaves endured cruel treatment and inhumane conditions, and an internal slave trade developed that forcibly relocated over 1 million slaves for economic reasons. Abolitionist movements led by figures like Douglass and Beecher Stowe grew in the Northern states, increasing sectional tensions, while the Dred Scott decision of 1857 upheld slavery. The system was finally abolished after the Union victory in the Civil War.
The indolence of the filipino group #2
This document discusses the concept of indolence among Filipinos. It references Dr. Sanciangco's work "Progreso de Filipinas" which argues that claims of Filipino indolence are unfounded and contradicted by facts and reports from Spanish authorities. While some may blame environmental factors like a hot climate for perceived laziness, the document counters that humans can adapt to any climate. It notes that early Filipinos engaged in agriculture and mining, demonstrating they were already a hardworking and self-sufficient people.
Sevenmyths
The document discusses several myths surrounding the Spanish conquest of Latin America, providing examples of how some common beliefs are inaccurate. It notes that native groups had their own myths about origins involving seven lineages or caves. It also discusses the role of invisible warriors like Tlacalan warriors and the black conquistador Juan Valiente who aided the Spanish. The document questions the portrayal of Cuauhtemoc's betrayal by Cortes as self-defense.
The indolence of the fil. chapter III
The document summarizes the decline of the population in the Philippines following Spanish colonization. Internal wars, the introduction of piracy from neighboring islands, and the capture of Filipinos by pirates greatly reduced the population. Friar writings from the 17th century describe depopulated provinces and towns with exterminated families. The population was estimated to have been reduced by one-third within 30 years of Spanish arrival due to these factors.
Slavery power point presentation
1) Slavery has existed in various forms throughout history, including the involuntary servitude of Africans beginning in 1619 in America, child sex trafficking in places like Haiti today, and widespread use of slaves in ancient Rome and Greece.
2) Modern slavery persists around the world, with over 20 million people currently being held as slaves, especially vulnerable groups like women and children.
3) While some slave systems treated slaves relatively well, most involved hard physical labor without possibility of freedom, and slaves were often subject to cruel conditions and abuse.
The philippines a century hence
The document is a summary and analysis of Jose Rizal's essay "The Philippines a Century Hence" which considers possible futures for the Philippines under continued Spanish rule. It outlines three main possibilities: 1) the Philippines remaining a Spanish colony with some autonomy; 2) becoming a province of Spain; or 3) gaining independence after conflict. It notes Rizal believed independence was inevitable if reforms were not implemented and repression continued to push sentiments towards rebellion. The summary also highlights Rizal's views that a free press and Filipino representation were needed for good governance from a distance. He ultimately felt independence was likely if abuses persisted, though external powers would leave the Philippines alone after any conflict for independence.
California and the civil war
California played an important role in the American Civil War despite being a western state far from the main battlefields. The gold rush in 1848 brought wealth that supported Union forces. While California entered the Union as a free state under the Missouri Compromise, tensions rose as the line of latitude running through it became increasingly disputed in the national debate over slavery's expansion. An early shot was fired with the 1859 duel and killing of pro-Union Senator David Broderick by a pro-slavery opponent. Confederate sympathizers also briefly captured a rebel flag in California on July 4, 1861, showing the civil war divisions reached the western state.
The jesuit relations[1]
The document summarizes several chapters from "The Jesuit Relations" which were annual reports by French Jesuit missionaries on their efforts to convert Native Americans in areas like Quebec and along the Mississippi River to Catholic Christianity in the 17th century. The missionaries initially tried to befriend locals for trade but ultimately wanted to communicate Christian beliefs. They established settlements and survived through trading furs. The relations described Native healing practices, diplomacy, wars, martyrs, and Father Marquette's explorations along the Mississippi River as he sought to introduce Christianity to various villages.
Openchoice1 101217005201-phpapp02
George Derby arrived in San Diego in 1853 to map the region and develop plans to redirect the San Diego River away from the marshy delta and directly into the Pacific Ocean to prevent floods.
The E Clampus Vitus is a fraternal organization dedicated to preserving Western history, especially of the California gold mining regions. Members meet twice yearly wearing distinctive red shirts, levis, black hats and vests.
The organization faded in the late 19th century but was revived in 1931 by historian Carl Wheat who described it as the "comic strip on the page of California history."
More Related Content
What's hot
Hist 140 portuguese empire in the americas. healy
This document summarizes biographies of three individuals from Portugal's colonial empire in the Americas:
1) Antonio de Gouveia, a 16th century Azorean priest who explored for gold and silver in Brazil and captured Indians for slavery.
2) Madre Catarina de Monte Sinay, a 17th century nun in Bahia, Brazil who made money through a sweets business and renting property.
3) Francisca, an 18th century indigenous woman from Belem do Para, Brazil who was enslaved as a child and later petitioned for her freedom.
Struggle and survival pt3
The document summarizes the histories of several individuals from 1600s-1700s Central Mexico, Lima, Western New Spain, Plymouth, and Virginia. It describes Juan de Morga and Gertrudis de Escobar as mulatto slaves who overcame difficulties. Cristobal Bequer joined the priesthood after a murder accusation but continued violent acts. Beatriz de Padilla was accused of killing her three husbands. Squanto aided pilgrims with corn in Plymouth. Opechancanough fought against English colonists as a Powhatan chief until his death in 1646.
Struggle And Survival
This summary provides information on three individuals from the document:
1) Opechancanough was the war chief of the Opechancanough tribe who lived in Virginia from 1569-1646. He masterminded two Indian rebellions against English colonists in 1622 and 1644 before being assassinated while held captive in 1646.
2) Thomas Peters was a former fugitive slave who joined the Black Pioneers regiment in 1776. He later advocated for land rights for blacks living in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick during the 1790s.
3) Isabel Moctezuma was born in 1509 to the Aztec emperor Montezuma II. She married two
5 women from Guatemala who changed history | Jürg Widmer Probst
Jürg Widmer Probst lists women from Guatemala who are making an impact and changing history, whether as politicians, fighters for justice or shining a light on victims of the Guatemalan civil war.
The Indolence of the filipinos chapter II
The document discusses reasons for the alleged indolence of Filipinos during the Spanish colonization period. It argues that Filipinos were industrious traders with other countries like China prior to Spanish arrival. The indolence was caused by Spain through lack of education, lack of economic opportunities, and exploitation through high taxes. The document also notes that lack of unity among Filipinos prevented resistance to the hostile Spanish government. It concludes that labeling an entire population as indolent ignores external oppressive forces imposed on them.
Oppression and reisitance
This document summarizes various forms of resistance and rebellion against oppression employed by indigenous and enslaved peoples in the Caribbean. It describes tactics like guerrilla warfare, sabotage, running away, and establishing maroon communities. It also discusses organized revolts and rebellions, like the successful Haitian revolution that established the first black republic. Finally, it notes that struggles continued even after emancipation, as freed slaves faced ongoing social and economic oppression.
Posting 4
The document summarizes chapters from multiple sources on Colonial Latin America. It discusses several indigenous individuals such as Gaspar Antonio Chi, a Maya nobleman who accommodated the Spanish colonizers; Dona Isabel Sisa, an indigenous woman who resisted gender inequalities; as well as Domingos Fernandes Nobre, a trader who supplied indigenous slaves to Portuguese plantations. It also examines the lives of individuals with mixed heritages such as Catalina and the experiences of Africans and Afro-descendants in the colonial society, including the mystic Ursula de Jesus and the resistance leader Zumbi of Palmares. The chapters show how indigenous elites shaped colonial policies and various groups navigated and challenged social
Indolence+of+the+filipinos
Rizal published his work "Indolence of the Filipinos" in five installments in La Solidaridad from July to September 1890. In it, he admits that indolence exists among Filipinos but argues one must study the causes before proposing solutions. He attributes Filipino indolence to factors like forced labor, lack of encouragement of trade from the government, and limited education and training received by natives, which reduced the causes of indolence to those two primary factors.
How do the caribbean people respond to oppression
how do the people of the Caribbean respond to oppression in the past and how are they responding to it now
Slavery
Slavery emerged in the American colonies in the early 1500s as European powers shipped over 11 million slaves from Africa. Three systems of slavery developed - in the South where slaves worked large tobacco and rice plantations under brutal conditions, in the North where slaves worked smaller farms and homes, and the Gullah people maintained African traditions in the Carolinas. The American Revolution both freed some slaves who ran away but also entrenched slavery in the South, where the institution grew stronger. Life for slaves was difficult, with inadequate food, clothing and housing, harsh punishments, and poor health due to disease. Over time slavery was abolished after independence and the establishment of human rights.
Part 4: The Philippines a Century Hence
The document summarizes Jose Rizal's views on Spain's colonial rule of the Philippines in an essay. Rizal discusses three possible outcomes: 1) assimilation of the Philippines into Spain, 2) destruction of the Philippines, or 3) elimination of Spain from the Philippines. Rizal believes the third option is most likely. He also argues that Spain cannot prevent progress in the Philippines by keeping people uneducated, impoverished, or attempting extermination. Spain must change its colonial policies to the needs of Philippine society and rising nationalism. Rizal's vision eventually came true when the US took control of the Philippines from Spain in 1898.
The indolence of the Filipinos
Rizal's essay "The Indolence of the Filipinos" responds to claims that Filipinos were inherently lazy during the Spanish colonial period. He argues that various Spanish policies caused Filipinos to lose their motivation to work. Specifically, he claims that the Spanish disrupted trade, imposed exploitative labor systems, failed to protect the people from attacks, implemented a flawed education system, and established an oppressive religious doctrine. Rather than laziness being innate to Filipinos, Rizal asserts that the indolence was a rational response to these oppressive Spanish colonial policies that deprived Filipinos of dignity and control over the fruits of their labor.
Periods of caribbean_history
The document provides an overview of the history of the Caribbean, beginning with the indigenous Amerindian peoples like the Tainos and Kalinago. It then discusses the arrival of Europeans starting with Columbus, and the establishment of systems like encomienda and repartimiento that exploited the Amerindians. As the indigenous populations declined, indentured servitude from Europe was introduced. However, African slavery became the dominant labor system on plantations from the 1600s-1800s, with over 3 million enslaved Africans brought to the Caribbean. Life as a slave was extremely difficult, with long work days and brutal punishments.
Slavery in the united states
Slavery existed in the United States from 1619 until 1865, primarily in the Southern states. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million slaves out of a total US population of 12 million, most held by large plantation owners. Slaves endured cruel treatment and inhumane conditions, and an internal slave trade developed that forcibly relocated over 1 million slaves for economic reasons. Abolitionist movements led by figures like Douglass and Beecher Stowe grew in the Northern states, increasing sectional tensions, while the Dred Scott decision of 1857 upheld slavery. The system was finally abolished after the Union victory in the Civil War.
The indolence of the filipino group #2
This document discusses the concept of indolence among Filipinos. It references Dr. Sanciangco's work "Progreso de Filipinas" which argues that claims of Filipino indolence are unfounded and contradicted by facts and reports from Spanish authorities. While some may blame environmental factors like a hot climate for perceived laziness, the document counters that humans can adapt to any climate. It notes that early Filipinos engaged in agriculture and mining, demonstrating they were already a hardworking and self-sufficient people.
Sevenmyths
The document discusses several myths surrounding the Spanish conquest of Latin America, providing examples of how some common beliefs are inaccurate. It notes that native groups had their own myths about origins involving seven lineages or caves. It also discusses the role of invisible warriors like Tlacalan warriors and the black conquistador Juan Valiente who aided the Spanish. The document questions the portrayal of Cuauhtemoc's betrayal by Cortes as self-defense.
The indolence of the fil. chapter III
The document summarizes the decline of the population in the Philippines following Spanish colonization. Internal wars, the introduction of piracy from neighboring islands, and the capture of Filipinos by pirates greatly reduced the population. Friar writings from the 17th century describe depopulated provinces and towns with exterminated families. The population was estimated to have been reduced by one-third within 30 years of Spanish arrival due to these factors.
Slavery power point presentation
1) Slavery has existed in various forms throughout history, including the involuntary servitude of Africans beginning in 1619 in America, child sex trafficking in places like Haiti today, and widespread use of slaves in ancient Rome and Greece.
2) Modern slavery persists around the world, with over 20 million people currently being held as slaves, especially vulnerable groups like women and children.
3) While some slave systems treated slaves relatively well, most involved hard physical labor without possibility of freedom, and slaves were often subject to cruel conditions and abuse.
The philippines a century hence
The document is a summary and analysis of Jose Rizal's essay "The Philippines a Century Hence" which considers possible futures for the Philippines under continued Spanish rule. It outlines three main possibilities: 1) the Philippines remaining a Spanish colony with some autonomy; 2) becoming a province of Spain; or 3) gaining independence after conflict. It notes Rizal believed independence was inevitable if reforms were not implemented and repression continued to push sentiments towards rebellion. The summary also highlights Rizal's views that a free press and Filipino representation were needed for good governance from a distance. He ultimately felt independence was likely if abuses persisted, though external powers would leave the Philippines alone after any conflict for independence.
What's hot (19)
5 women from Guatemala who changed history | Jürg Widmer Probst
5 women from Guatemala who changed history | Jürg Widmer Probst
Viewers also liked
California and the civil war
California played an important role in the American Civil War despite being a western state far from the main battlefields. The gold rush in 1848 brought wealth that supported Union forces. While California entered the Union as a free state under the Missouri Compromise, tensions rose as the line of latitude running through it became increasingly disputed in the national debate over slavery's expansion. An early shot was fired with the 1859 duel and killing of pro-Union Senator David Broderick by a pro-slavery opponent. Confederate sympathizers also briefly captured a rebel flag in California on July 4, 1861, showing the civil war divisions reached the western state.
The jesuit relations[1]
The document summarizes several chapters from "The Jesuit Relations" which were annual reports by French Jesuit missionaries on their efforts to convert Native Americans in areas like Quebec and along the Mississippi River to Catholic Christianity in the 17th century. The missionaries initially tried to befriend locals for trade but ultimately wanted to communicate Christian beliefs. They established settlements and survived through trading furs. The relations described Native healing practices, diplomacy, wars, martyrs, and Father Marquette's explorations along the Mississippi River as he sought to introduce Christianity to various villages.
Openchoice1 101217005201-phpapp02
George Derby arrived in San Diego in 1853 to map the region and develop plans to redirect the San Diego River away from the marshy delta and directly into the Pacific Ocean to prevent floods.
The E Clampus Vitus is a fraternal organization dedicated to preserving Western history, especially of the California gold mining regions. Members meet twice yearly wearing distinctive red shirts, levis, black hats and vests.
The organization faded in the late 19th century but was revived in 1931 by historian Carl Wheat who described it as the "comic strip on the page of California history."
Nation 2
Cuban culture has had a significant global influence through music, dance, theatre, and architecture. Cuban music contributed to the development of genres like jazz, salsa, tango, and more. Cuban dances like the conga have lively, passionate roots from Spanish and African settlers. The first Cuban theatre and opera began incorporating local elements. Cuban architecture is renowned for its designs that welcome sunlight while sheltering from rain through wide windows, balconies, courtyards, and arcades.
Panama and los_angeles[1]
Panama and Los Angeles are two very different places. Panama is a tropical country located in Central America known for its Panama Canal and biodiversity. Los Angeles is the second most populous city in the United States, located in Southern California. While the climates and landscapes of Panama and Los Angeles differ greatly, they both offer unique experiences to visitors.
The american colonies[1]
The document discusses the history of the Carolinas colonies, including how trading guns and ammunition to native tribes was important for survival and protection from slavery, how raiding tribes moved south but lost momentum as ammunition supplies ran low, how rice cultivation became profitable by utilizing the climate and wetlands after tobacco prices fell, and how a slave rebellion was violently put down through a militia in order to establish control through terror like the West Indian slave system.
15th +16th century portugal
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Portuguese economy through its expansion and trade in the 15th-16th centuries. It discusses Portugal establishing lucrative sugar, gold, and spice trades in Atlantic islands, Guinea, India, and Asia. This overseas trade made up a large portion of Portugal's state income in the early 16th century. However, by mid-century several factors led to the decline of Portuguese trade, including bankruptcies in trade centers and rising competition from other European powers.
Panama and los angeles
The document summarizes information about the Los Angeles Aqueduct and the Panama Canal. The Los Angeles Aqueduct took 5000 workers and $24.5 million to build from 1908 to 1913, transporting water from the Owens River Valley to Los Angeles. The Panama Canal, one of the largest engineering projects, opened a shipping route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from 1904 to 1914 after overcoming numerous challenges, though at a high cost of 27,500 lives during construction. It can take ships up to 10 hours to pass through the Panama Canal, which includes artificial lakes and channels and three sets of locks.
Nation 1
Cuba is an island country located in the Caribbean Sea. The people of Cuba are predominantly Roman Catholic and speak Spanish. Cuba has a long history and culture that was influenced by both its colonial past under the Spanish and more recent communist rule.
Open choice[1]
1) In 1853, George H. Derby arrived in San Diego, California to map the region and develop plans to redirect the San Diego River away from the marshy delta and directly into the Pacific Ocean to prevent floods.
2) The Ancient and Honorable Order of E Clampus Vitus is a fraternal organization dedicated to preserving Western history, especially of the California Gold Rush. Members wore distinctive red shirts, levis, and black hats.
3) ECV claims many famous historical figures as members such as Ulysses S. Grant and Ronald Reagan, though some claims like Solomon and Julius Caesar are fanciful and show their sense of humor about themselves.
10
The document provides background information on the early English colonization of North America. It discusses key figures and events that shaped the process, including Henry VIII who oversaw the separation of the Church of England from the Catholic Church. The Puritans emerged as a Protestant group seeking further reforms. Charles I struggled for power with Parliament and faced opposition from those who saw him as a tyrannical monarch. Oliver Cromwell later established England as a republican Commonwealth and served as Lord Protector. Sumptuary laws aimed to regulate consumption and luxury spending.
The american colonies[1]
The document discusses the history of the Carolinas colonies, including how trading guns and ammunition to native tribes was important for survival and protection from slavery, how raiding tribes moved south but lost momentum as ammunition supplies ran low, how rice cultivation became profitable by utilizing the climate and wetlands after tobacco prices fell, and how a slave rebellion was violently put down through a militia in order to establish control through terror like the West Indian slave system.
Urbanization2[1]
The document discusses several topics related to urbanization including:
1. New York losing its title as the economic capital of America to other cities like those on the west coast as the information age has developed.
2. Large population and economic growth that has occurred over the past 25 years in countries like India and China.
3. Immigration patterns to the United States between 1870-1914, with many immigrants coming as prospectors or to find work.
4. Differences between city development and cultures in America compared to places like France, and challenges some American cities have faced in developing traditional city centers.
The jesuit relations[1]
The document summarizes several chapters from "The Jesuit Relations" which were annual reports by French Jesuit missionaries on their efforts to convert Native Americans in areas like Quebec and along the Mississippi River to Catholic Christianity in the 17th century. The missionaries initially tried to befriend locals for trade but ultimately wanted to communicate Christian beliefs. They established settlements and survived through trading furs. The relations described Native healing practices, diplomacy, wars, martyrs, and Father Marquette's explorations along the Mississippi River as he sought to introduce Christianity to various villages.
California a history[1]
James Marshall found gold at Sutter's Mill on January 24, 1848, sparking the California Gold Rush. Thousands of people from around the world migrated to California over land and by ship throughout 1849. While most miners were young men, some were middle aged. The "mother lode", a gold-bearing belt 210 miles long, was located in the Sierra Nevada foothills and initially belonged to anyone who discovered it.
Nation 1[1]
Cuba is the largest Caribbean island nation with a land area of 110,860 sq km and over 11 million people. It has a population that is primarily mixed European and African descent and Spanish is the main language. Cuba has a long history first as a Spanish colony and then having a tumultuous relationship with the United States in the 20th century including the Bay of Pigs invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis.
American revolution2[1]
Benedict Arnold was a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolution who defected to the British forces in 1780. Arnold met with British officer John André to provide plans for the fort at West Point, which would have weakened American forces if successful. However, their plot was discovered and André was hanged for spying while Arnold escaped to the British, where he was paid but his plot ultimately failed to significantly harm the American cause.
Havana, cuba 1800s
Havana, Cuba began building railroads in the 1830s to connect the city to other parts of the country. By the mid-1800s, the expansion of trade and the city's population led officials to take down the walls surrounding Havana. As the city and economy grew through the sugar and cigar industries, Cuba fought for independence from Spain in the late 1800s with support from the United States.
Viewers also liked (18)
Similar to Struggle and survival_2[1]
Struggle & survival 3
The document summarizes biographical information on 6 individuals from history:
1. Juan de Morga - a 17th century mulatto man from central Mexico who was born into slavery and rebelled to gain freedom after being severely beaten.
2. Gertrudis de Escobar - a 1645 born mulatto woman from Mexico City who was initially free but later enslaved and sought help from the Inquisition to be freed from her owner.
3. Cristobal Bequer - a wayward priest born in 1693 in Lima, Peru who held a prestigious but low-level position in the church hierarchy.
4. Beatriz de Padilla - a moris
Biographies
1) Gaspar Antonio Chi was an educated indigenous man from Yucatan who could translate between Spanish, Aztec, Latin and his native Mayan tongue. He served as a translator for both indigenous people and the Spanish.
2) Eugenio Sinanyuca was a kuraka, or indigenous leader, in Peru who defended his people legally and through breaking laws, in contrast to his friend Tupac Amaru who led a rebellion against Spanish rule.
3) Angela Battallas was a slave in Guayaquil who sued for her freedom after her owner had promised but not granted it, gaining support from Simon Bolivar that helped her win her case.
Theme 3 part 2
This document summarizes several stories of individuals who lived during the Spanish colonial period in Latin America. It describes people who found ways to adapt to and survive within the colonial system, while still maintaining aspects of their indigenous identities and beliefs.
The stories include Diego Vasicuio, a native priest in Peru who secretly worshipped the old god Sorimana despite Spanish attempts at conversion. Martin Ocelotl was a clandestine cult leader in Mexico who was imprisoned for his predictions but later baptized Catholic and found ways to continue indigenous practices. Juan de Morga made a pact with the devil after being brutally beaten by his master but later repented.
Spanish empire
Diego Vasicuio was charged with leading worship of an old god Sorimana by his neighbor Catalina Paicaus, who had been charged with witchcraft. When brought before Father de Prado, Diego reluctantly agreed to bring the god's stone but returned without it.
Francisco Baquero was a skilled shoemaker in Buenos Aires in 1776, but could not make a living due to a lack of craftsmen. He advocated for the rights of non-white craftsmen and petitioned for a craftsmen's guild, traveling as far as Madrid, but was never successful.
Juan de Morga and Gertudis de Escobar were intelligent slaves in Mexico in the
Theme 3 Part 2
The document provides biographical information on 16 individuals from the Spanish Empire in the Americas between the 16th and 17th centuries. It describes their origins, occupations, experiences resisting Spanish rule or conversion to Catholicism, and how some were able to find success despite the challenges they faced.
History 140 Struggle and Survival 2
Opechancanough was a Powhatan resistance leader in the early 1600s who led bloody uprisings against European colonizers to try to preserve his people's way of life. Red Shoes was a 19th century Choctaw warrior who challenged European powers' attempts to control his people. Juan de Morga was a mulatto slave in 1620s Mexico who endured torture for escaping slavery, but was eventually freed by the Inquisition.
Album of the american colonies
The document summarizes information from various sources about the history and colonization of North America. It discusses the first European explorers finding distinct cultures in the Americas. It also describes how the English sought to Christianize Native Americans by making them economic subordinates and how the colonial leaders saw themselves as culturally superior. Further, it addresses the Aztec empire expanding through warfare and diplomacy and their practice of large-scale human sacrifice.
Album of the american colonies
The document summarizes information from various sources about the history and colonization of North America. It discusses the first European explorers finding distinct cultures in the Americas. It also describes how the English sought to Christianize Native Americans by making them economic subordinates and how the colonial leaders saw themselves as culturally superior. Further, it addresses the Aztec empire expanding through warfare and diplomacy and their practice of large-scale human sacrifice.
Struggle and survival pp part 2
This document summarizes the lives and accomplishments of several individuals who lived in colonial Latin America and North America between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. It describes Catarina de Monte Sinay, a nun in Bahia, Brazil who violated church law by operating a business. It also discusses rebellious mulatto slaves in central Mexico who were able to overcome difficulties. Finally, it provides brief biographies of Cristobal Bequer, a wayward prebend from Peru; Beatriz de Padilla, a mulatta woman in Mexico who was important to the development of society; Squanto, the last of the Patuxets tribe who helped the English colonists; and Opechancanough
Theme 3 part 3
Damiana de Cunha was a Caiapo Indian woman who was baptized and raised in a small colonial village in Brazil in the 18th century. She grew up to be a teacher, missionary, mediator, and expedition leader who worked to encourage her people to adopt European ways of life while maintaining aspects of their culture and faith.
Catarina de Monte Sinay was a nun of Portuguese descent who lived in the late 17th century in Brazil. In addition to her religious duties, she became a successful entrepreneur through her baking business and property holdings, accumulating a fortune over her lifetime despite rules requiring nuns to live in poverty.
Diego Vasicuio was a native priest of the Sorim
Struggle and survival
Red Shoes was an 18th century Choctaw warrior and diplomat who frequently switched alliances between the French and English settlers depending on who provided more gifts. Martin Ocelotl was a 16th century Mexican priest who was seen as a threat by Spanish authorities for his indigenous religious practices and was eventually banished. Antonio de Gouveia was a 16th century Portuguese priest and adventurer in South America who faced prosecution for his medical practices and stories. Juan de Morga and Gertrudis de Escobar were 17th century mulatto slaves in Mexico - Juan learned to read and write and petitioned for freedom, while Gertrudis faced severe beatings and attempted escape from her slave owners.
Hist 140 spanish empire in the americas. healy
The document summarizes the history of the Spanish Empire in the Americas from the 15th-18th centuries through discussing various chapters about individuals living in Spanish colonies in Peru, Mexico, and other areas. It describes the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires, the establishment of the viceroyalty of New Spain, the conversion of native peoples to Catholicism, and the gradual decline of Spanish power over subsequent centuries. Resistance by some indigenous groups is also noted.
Hist 140 spanish empire in the americas. healy
The document summarizes the history of the Spanish Empire in the Americas from the 15th-18th centuries through discussing various chapters about individuals living in Spanish colonies in Peru, Mexico, and other areas. It describes the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires, the establishment of the viceroyalty of New Spain, the Spanish efforts to convert native people to Christianity and destroy their cultures and religions, and the gradual decline of Spanish power over subsequent centuries. Resistance by some native groups is also noted.
Struggle and survival
1) Red Shoes was a Choctaw warrior in the 18th century who frequently switched alliances between the French and English settlers depending on who gave him more gifts.
2) Martin Ocelotl was a native priest in Mexico in the early 1500s who was seen as a threat to the spread of Christianity and was banished from the colonies.
3) Antonio de Gouveia was a priest in South America in the mid-1500s who engaged in medicinal healing and mineralogy despite religious persecution.
Struggle and survival part 2
Catarina de Monte Sinay was a nun who lived in a convent in Bahia, Brazil for 60 years in the 1700s. She supplemented the convent's income through rentals, lending, baking, and invested the money in the convent. Juan de Morga was a mulatto slave in Mexico in the 1600s who escaped from his brutal owner but was caught and jailed. Gertrudis de Escobar was a 14-year-old mulatta in 1659 who was sold into slavery after being punished for renouncing God. Cristobal Berquer was a priest in Peru in the 1700s who rose in the church ranks despite bad behavior.
Theme 3 part 3
Damiana da Cunha was a tribal woman in Brazil in the 1700s-1830s who served as a teacher, missionary, mediator, and expedition leader. As the granddaughter of a tribal chief, she bridged the cultures of the indigenous peoples and Portuguese settlers through her education and leadership roles. She led several expeditions to convert indigenous groups to Christianity before dying on her fifth expedition in 1831.
The people of the portuguese and spanish colonies
The document describes several individuals from Portuguese, Spanish and Native American colonies between the 16th-18th centuries. It provides brief biographies of each person, including details about their life, family, occupation and role in their community. The individuals described were of various backgrounds, including nuns, priests, merchants and indigenous leaders.
Colonial Women
The document discusses four colonial women - Marie-Joseph Angélique, Patience Boston, Madam Knight, and Elizabeth Ashbridge - and how they each sought and sometimes achieved personal freedoms within the restrictive societies of New England and New France in the 17th-18th centuries. Marie-Joseph Angélique, an enslaved woman in Montreal, attempted to escape to gain freedom but was executed for allegedly starting a fire. Patience Boston rejected Puritan society by living a rebellious lifestyle. Madam Knight demonstrated freedom of movement and expression through her travel journal. Elizabeth Ashbridge found religious and economic freedom through the Great Awakening religious movement and her work as a seamstress.
Struggle and survival 2
This document summarizes the struggles and survival of several indigenous individuals from the 17th-18th centuries. It describes Catarira De Monte SinayJwan de Morga & Gertrudis de escobar, who were nuns in Brazil and overcame difficult situations. It also discusses Christobal Beguer and Beatriz de Padilla from Peru who faced accusations and sought refuge in monasteries. Additionally, it mentions Squanto and Opechancanough who helped negotiate between colonizers and native tribes in North America. The document concludes with brief summaries of Jacob Young and Red Shoes who served as interpreters between colonists and native groups in North America.
Self identity in_jean_rhys_wide_sargasso
1) The document provides a detailed summary and analysis of Jean Rhys' novel Wide Sargasso Sea. It examines themes of self-identity, displacement, and racial tensions in post-emancipation Caribbean society through the story of the novel's protagonist Antoinette Cosway.
2) The novel explores Antoinette's fragmented identity as a white creole woman and her increasing alienation, leading to madness, as prejudices and resentment build between the white plantation owners and freed black slaves in post-slavery Jamaica.
3) Through shifting narrators and temporal jumps, the novel examines the complex issues of cultural belonging and psychological roots for both black and white inhabitants in the newly pluralistic yet still conflict-
Similar to Struggle and survival_2[1] (20)
More from charles somers
Indianconquistadors1 101217005223-phpapp01
The document discusses how Spanish conquistadors were outnumbered 5 to 1 during their conquest of Mexico but were able to succeed due to alliances with local indigenous groups who provided soldiers and resources. Native allies helped the Spanish due to wanting benefits and being unhappy with Aztec rule, though they did not always receive promised compensation like land grants. Trade routes previously controlled by the Aztecs also aided the Spanish conquest by supplying troops.
Struggle and survival_1[1]
The document profiles the struggles of six indigenous people from the 15th-17th centuries:
Diego Vasicuio, a 90-year-old native priest from Peru, was charged with heresy. Martin Oceotl, a priest from Mexico, was imprisoned for predicting the Spanish conquest. Antonio de Gouveia, a priest from Portugal, was accused of superstition and banished for forced labor. Isabel Moctezuma was a daughter of the Aztec emperor who married indigenous and Spanish men after her father's death. Francisca was an indigenous slave in Brazil who unsuccessfully pleaded for freedom with her lover's help.
Indian conquistadors[1]
The document discusses how native allies were important to Spanish conquistadors like Cortes, outnumbering the Spanish 5 to 1. These indigenous groups supported the Spanish militarily in hopes of benefits and escaping the rule of the Mexica empire. Trade routes in Mesoamerica were also targeted by the Spanish and eventually became part of New Spain as indigenous alliances failed to stop the conquests.
Struggle and survival_1[1]
The document profiles the struggles of six indigenous individuals from the 15th-17th centuries in Mexico and South America:
1) Diego Vasicuio, a 90-year-old native priest from Peru, was charged with heresy for his beliefs and practices.
2) Martin Oceotl, a priest from Mexico, was imprisoned for predicting the arrival and conquest of the Spanish.
3) Antonio de Gouveia, a priest from Portugal, was accused of superstition and joined the Society of Jesus but later left and was banished for further charges.
4) Isabel Moctezuma was a daughter of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II and later
America compared final
The document discusses several chapters from history books about America compared to other countries and societies. It covers topics like the differences between American and European cinema in the early 20th century, a comparison of Roosevelt and Hitler's economic policies during the 1930s Depression, the establishment of American and Soviet spheres of influence after World War 2 and during the Cold War, as well as the effects of globalization in increasing American power at the end of the 20th century.
Panama and los angeles
The document summarizes information about the Los Angeles Aqueduct and the Panama Canal. The Los Angeles Aqueduct took 5000 workers and $24.5 million to build from 1908 to 1913, transporting water from the Owens River Valley to Los Angeles. The Panama Canal, one of the largest engineering projects, opened a shipping route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from 1904 to 1914 after overcoming numerous challenges, though at a cost of 27,500 lives lost during construction mostly to disease. It can take ships up to 10 hours to pass through the Panama Canal, which includes artificial lakes and channels and three sets of locks.
Nation 3
Cuba's economy relies heavily on services and industries like sugar, petroleum, food and tobacco. While Cuba has diplomatic relations with 160 nations, it faces restrictions from the US embargo and limits freedom of speech internally. The document provides statistics showing services make up over half the economy, while agriculture and industry each account for around a third. Cuba was isolated in the 1990s but maintains international ties despite the ongoing US embargo.
Havana, cuba 1800s[1]
Havana, Cuba began building railroads in the 1830s to connect the city to other parts of the country. By the mid-1800s, the expansion of trade and the city's population led officials to take down the walls surrounding Havana. As the city and economy grew through the sugar and cigar industries, Cuba fought for independence from Spain in the late 1800s with support from the United States.
Urbanization2
This document discusses several trends related to urbanization in America and globally. It mentions that New York has lost its title as the economic capital of America with the rise of the information age. An AOL and Time Warner merger could potentially shift power back to New York from the West Coast. It also discusses rapid income growth in India and China over the past 25 years, as well as topics around city development, global migration patterns, economics, demographics, and politics.
Urbanization
This document contains references to several articles and books about urbanization including Clough's article, Kotkin's articles, Brown's book "gridded lives", Nugent's book "the great transatlantic migrations", Rybczynski's book "The city in the land of the dollar", the article "The greyest generation", and the article "A plan b for Obama". The document also mentions "The tyranny of metaphor".
Nation 3
Cuba's economy relies heavily on services and industries like sugar, petroleum, food and tobacco. While Cuba has diplomatic relations with 160 nations, it faces restrictions from the US embargo and limits freedom of speech internally. The document provides statistics showing services make up over half the economy, while agriculture and industry each account for around a third. Cuba was isolated in the 1990s but maintains international ties despite the ongoing US embargo.
Nation 2
Cuban culture has had a significant global influence through music, dance, theatre, and architecture. Cuban music contributed to the development of genres like jazz, salsa, tango, and more. Cuban dances like the conga have lively, passionate roots from Spanish and African settlers. The first Cuban theatre and opera began incorporating local elements. Cuban architecture is renowned for its designs that welcome sunlight while sheltering from rain through wide windows, balconies, courtyards, and arcades.
Havana, cuba 1800s
Havana, Cuba began building railroads in the 1830s, with Irish workers constructing the first line connecting Havana to Güines. By the mid-1800s, the city had expanded significantly, forcing the removal of surrounding walls, as trade increased between Havana, Spain, Florida and the United States in sugar, cigars and the former African slave trade. By the late 1800s, Cuban rebels controlled much of the island seeking independence from Spain, which eventually led to the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine and Spain's loss of control over Cuba in 1898.
California a history[1]
James Marshall found gold at Sutter's Mill on January 24, 1848, sparking the California Gold Rush. Thousands of people from around the world migrated to California seeking gold over the next few years, with most taking one of three routes: overland, by ship via Panama, or by ship around Cape Horn. The gold fields in the Sierra Nevada foothills, known as the "mother lode," stretched for over 200 miles and initially belonged to whoever could find it. The first transcontinental railroad in the United States was completed in 1869, connecting Sacramento to Omaha.
More from charles somers (14)
Struggle and survival_2[1]
- 1. Struggle and survival 2 By Charles Somers