2. CSS ESSAY PAPER
• Total Marks-100
• Total Time-3 Hours
• Words Required-2500-3000 Words
• Total Essays- 10 Topics
PMS ESSAY PAPER
• Total Marks-100
• Total Time-2 Hours
• Words Required-1500-1600 Words
• Total Essays- 6 Topics
3. Observation of Examiner Regarding Essay Paper-2018 Report
Main Points of Concern
• Candidates were at their best in topics involving critical and subjective
approach. For example in topics like Democracy in Pakistan: Hope and
Hurdles; Rule of Law and safeguarding Human Rights and Civil Liberties
during fight against terrorism etc.
• On the other hand, topics that were of objective nature (Global
Warming/CPEC), reliance on crammed knowledge, dull monotony and
repetition of stereotypical information was observed.
• Objective (Fact) vs Opinion (Subjective): Report from reporters on a
particular matter vs Editorial in Newspaper.
• Significant number of candidates did not have a clear sense of the essentials
of a comprehensive essay or features which differentiate essay from other
forms of writing.
4. Points to be Discussed in Essay Class
1) Types of Essays
2) Topic Selection
3) How to Interpret a Topic While Attempting an Essay
4) Structure of Outline
5) Structure of Introduction, Body Paragraphs and
Concluding Paragraph
6) Lectures on Important Topics of Essay with Material
and Sources of Knowledge
5. What is An Essay?
• A piece of academic writing that generally consists of 1500 to 5000 words-
Comprehensive Piece of writing on any specific topic
• For CSS-Required Length is 2500-3000 Words
• Outline (5%); The Introduction (10%); The main body (75%); The Conclusion
(10%)
• In short, essay is an opinion of writer in 20-22 paragraphs.
• Parts of Essays
Outline Introduction
Body
Paragraphs
6. Types of Essay
1) Descriptive/Factual/Social-Global warming: Causes and Consequences
2) Argumentative/Literary Essays-Stance in the form of Yes/No-Democracy in Pakistan: Hopes and
Hurdles Key Differences Argumentative/Literary Descriptive/Factual/Social
Nature of Topic Statement/Quotation in the
form of Question;
Do we really need literature
in our lives? (2020)
Statement/Issue/Fact;
Promoting tourism in
Pakistan: opportunities and
challenges (2020)
Requirement Prove with your stance of
Yes/No
Describe in the forms of
universal. Primary and
secondary headings
Knowledge Diversified as every
argument should be taken
from different subject/field
Average
Failure Maximum Average
Length Short (1500-1800) Average (2000 plus)
Marks Highest Average
Criteria of Checking Knowledge with extra
ordinary language
Minimum Knowledge with
good language
7. Components/Structure/Parts of Essay
1) Outline (Universal Headings, Primary and Secondary Headings)
• Use the key words of Essay in Headings to stay relevant
• Every heading must be self explanatory
• Capitalize every word of the heading except prepositions, articles, helping verbs, pronouns
and conjunctions
• Outline needs to be flawless
2) Introduction (Thesis Statement and ways to start a good introduction)
3) Body Paragraphs (Connectors and Topic sentence)
4) Conclusion
8. Topic Selection; Correct Interpretation of the Topic and
Relevance
1) Feminism is Not Really a Third World Issue
2) War on Terror has led to the growing abuse of human rights
9. ESSAY STRUCTURE
Economic Challenges of Pakistan and Solutions
1. Introduction (Universal Heading):
1) “The economy is the start and end of everything. You cannot have successful
education reform or any other reform if you don’t have a strong economy.”-(David
Cameron-Former PM of UK)
• This statement by former PM of UK clearly indicates the importance of strong
and healthy economy in the development of any country, without which, a
nation cannot survive.
2) In the present age of geo-economics, the standing of any country in the
international arena is determined by its economic prowess. There is no denying the
fact that the countries like US and USSR always showed their presence on the world
stage due to their economic might. But unfortunately, the economy of Pakistan is in
bad shape.
3) Direct hit on the Topic
10. ESSAY STRUCTURE
Economic Challenges of Pakistan and Solutions
4) Incident
5) Dialogue
2. A Brief History of Pakistan Economy (Secondary Heading):
• In 1969, Pakistan exports of manufactured goods were higher than the
combined exports of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. In 1960’s
Korea emulated Pakistan in its five years planning process. The tragedy is that
even a country such as Vietnam which was completely devastated by the war
has now overtaken Pakistan.
3. Challenges Exacerbating Pakistan’s Economic Woes (Primary Heading):
1) First of all, a huge fiscal deficit is a major economic problem facing Pakistan.
(Explanation and Supporting Argument-In 2019, fiscal deficit was recorded at 8.9
percent of the gross domestic product)
2) Moreover, trade deficit is another problem hindering Pakistan’s economic
growth.
11. ESSAY STRUCTURE
Economic Challenges of Pakistan and Solutions
3) Along with trade deficit, low tax to GDP ratio is also responsible for sorry
state of economic affairs in Pakistan.
4) In the same manner, low ease of doing business and high cost of doing
business also pose a threat to economic health of Pakistan.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12. ESSAY STRUCTURE
Economic Challenges of Pakistan and Solutions
4. Measures Which can Alleviate and Eliminate Pakistan’s Economic Sufferings
(Primary Heading)
5. Conclusion
13. Global Warming: Its Causes and Consequences
Outline
1) Introduction (Universal Heading):
i. Emergence of Industrial Revolution
ii. What is global warming?
iii. A real threat for life existence
2) Causes of Global Warming (Primary Heading)
3) Threats due to Global Warming (Primary Heading)
4) Measures to counter Global Warming (Secondary Heading)
5) Conclusion (Universal Heading)
14. PRECIS AND COMPREHENSION
1. Vocabulary (50 GRE Plus Past Papers)
2. Precise and Comprehension (Past Papers)
3. Correction
4. Idioms
5. Pair of Words
6. Punctuation Marks
7. Direct Indirect
8. Translation
9. Preposition
10.Analogy of Words
15. Topics for Discussion
1. Women
2. Education
3. Democracy
4. Governance
5. Global warming
6. Terrorism
7. Corruption
8. Accountability
9. Economic challenges and solutions
10. Energy Crisis
11. Water crisis
12. CPEC: Challenges and Opportunities
13. Globalization
14. Populism
15. National Integration
16. Freedom of Speech
