The document presents an overview of ecosystems, defining them as communities of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components that interact within an environment. It categorizes biotic components into producers, consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores), detritivores, and decomposers, while abiotic components include physical and chemical factors like climate and nutrients. The presentation credits A.G. Tansley for coining the term 'ecosystem' in 1935.

1. WELCOME
STRUCTURE OF ECOSYSTEM
PRESENTED BY :
[RAHUL KUMAR (1322232)]
PRESENTATION ON

2. WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM
Definition
 An ecosystem is a community of living and non-living things
that interact with each other in a particular environment.
 Living things: plants, animals and microorganism.
 non-living things: Air, Water, Soil etc.
The term “ECOSYSTEM” was first
coined by A.G. Tansley, An English
botanist, in 1935
A.G. Tansley

3. STRUCTURE OF AN ECOSYSTEM
Here, the term Structure refers to the various
components of an Ecosystem.
An Ecosystem has two major
components:
1.Biotic Components (Living things)
2.Abiotic Components (Non-Living things)

4. 1. BIOTIC COMPONENTS:
 Biotic Structures refer to the living organisms in an ecosystem,
including plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other
microorganisms.
Classification of biotic components:
I. Producer(Plants)
II. Consumer(Animals)
III.Decomposers(Micro-organisms)

5. I. PRODUCERS(Autotrophs):
 Producers are organisms that can make their own food
using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
Examples: All green plants, trees, algae.
 They are the base of the food chain in an ecosystem and
provide energy and nutrients to all other organisms.
 Producers synthesize their food themselves through
photosynthesis.
[AUTOTROPHS- “Self-feeders”]
II. CONSUMERS(Heterotrophs):
 Consumers are organisms that depend on other organisms for
food.
 They cannot make own food.

6. There are three main types of Consumers:
I. Herbivores
II. Carnivores
III.Omnivores
I. HERBIVORES (Primary Consumer):
 Herbivores are also called Primary consumers. they directly depend
on the plants for their food. So, they are called plant eaters.
Examples: Insects, rat, goat, deer, cow etc.

7. II. CARNIVORES:
 These are consumers that eat other animals.
They can be further divided into two sub-categories.
a)PRIMARY CARNIVORES (Secondary consumers)
b)SECONDARY CARNIVORES (Tertiary consumers)

8. b) SECONDARY CARNIVORES:
 These are a carnivores that eat other carnivores.
Examples: Eagles, Killer whale, Tiger, Lion Hawks etc.
 They depend on primary carnivores.
 These are carnivores that eat herbivores.
Examples: Snakes, Foxes, Dog, Cat, Moles, Birds etc.
a) PRIMARY CARNIVORES:

9. III. OMNIVORES:
 These are consumers that eat both plants
and animals.
Examples: Human, Rat, Birds etc.
DETRITIVORES (Detritus feeders):
 An animal that feeds on detritus or humus via internal digestion.
 Examples of detritivores include earthworms, snails, and some species
of insects.

10. DECOMPOSERS:
 Decomposers are microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that break
down dead organic matter into simpler substances.
Examples: fungi, bacteria.

11. 2. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS :
 The non-living components (physical and chemical) of ecosystem
collectively form a community called abiotic components (or) abiotic
community.
 Examples: Climate, Soil, Water, Air, Energy etc.
They can be further divided into two sub-categories.
I. Physical components
II. Chemical Components

12.  They are the sources of essential nutrients.
• Organic substances: Protein, lipids, carbohydrates, etc.
• Inorganic substances: All macro elements (C,H, O, Al, N, Cu) and few
other elements.
I. PHYSICAL COMPONENTS:
 Include the energy, climate, nutrients and living space that the biological
community needs.
 They are useful for the growth and maintenance of it member.
Examples: Air, water, soil, sunlight etc.
II. CHEMICAL COMPONENTS:

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