STROKE DISEASE.pptx
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Stroke is the third leading cause of death in developed countries. It is caused by brain dysfunction due to focal ischemia or hemorrhage. The most common types of stroke are ischemic (60%), caused by atherosclerosis or embolism, and hemorrhagic (20%), caused by thrombosis or vascular diseases. Stroke symptoms depend on the affected brain region and size of lesion. Treatment involves rapid assessment and administration of thrombolytics within 3 hours to reduce damage. Secondary prevention focuses on anticoagulants or antiplatelets to reduce risk of further strokes. Complications can include infections, DVT, pain and depression.
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Cerebrovascular diseases 2.pptx
This document provides an overview of cerebrovascular diseases for medical students. It covers anatomy of the intracranial cerebrovascular system, common acute stroke presentations based on arterial distribution, features suggestive of brainstem stroke, watershed areas vulnerable to hypoperfusion, stroke risk factors, types of strokes, stroke epidemiology, case examples, acute stroke treatment options including thrombolytics, management of blood pressure, stroke workup, secondary stroke prevention, post-stroke care, and intracranial hemorrhage. Key points include differences between transient ischemic attack and stroke, use of the NIH stroke scale to determine severity, eligibility criteria for thrombolysis with tPA, and management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Ischaemic stroke pathogenesis and treatment
- Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is caused by occlusion of cerebral blood vessels leading to brain tissue death.
- Risk factors include atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking.
- Treatment involves stabilizing the patient, administering fibrinolytic drugs like rtPA within 4.5 hours, or performing a mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions. Long term management focuses on prevention of recurrence through antithrombotic drugs and controlling risk factors.
Stroke-and-Spinal-Cord-7-30.ppt
This patient presented with left-sided weakness and slurred speech. CT scan was normal. After tPA infusion, her blood pressure was elevated. The appropriate next step is to administer nicardipine to lower her blood pressure and prevent intracerebral hemorrhage.
This patient is being followed up after an ischemic stroke. Testing shows a left pontine infarct. The appropriate secondary prevention is to substitute clopidogrel for aspirin given his history of peripheral artery disease.
This patient presented with headache and papilledema. MRI was normal. Magnetic resonance venography is the best next test to evaluate for dural sinus venous thrombosis given her risk factors.
Stroke- what's new
The document discusses recent developments in stroke management. It summarizes that (1) endovascular therapy plus usual care is more effective than usual care alone for acute ischemic stroke patients with proximal arterial occlusion within 6 hours of onset, (2) early intensive blood pressure lowering is safe and may improve outcomes for intracerebral hemorrhage patients presenting within 6 hours with systolic BP 150-220 mmHg, and (3) stroke rehabilitation involving early mobilization, drug therapy to enhance motor recovery, and robotic training can improve functional recovery.
Stroke ppt
Stroke is a disease that affects the arteries within the brain.
It is the 5th cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States.
A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts (or ruptures). When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs,and brain cells die.
4. stroke- investigations and management
The document summarizes the investigations and management of stroke. Key points include:
1. Imaging such as CT or MRI is used to distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and identify underlying causes. CT is more widely available while MRI is more sensitive.
2. Risk factors, cardiac investigations, and vascular imaging are also conducted to determine the cause of ischemic stroke.
3. Management of ischemic stroke involves supportive care, thrombolysis within 3 hours, aspirin to prevent recurrence, and carotid surgery for severe stenosis to reduce risk of further stroke.
4. For hemorrhagic stroke, reversal of coagulopathy and surgical evacuation may be considered to control bleeding and intracranial pressure
Stroke
This document provides information on stroke including definitions, types, investigations, clinical features, management, and prevention. Key points include:
- Stroke is a clinical syndrome of rapid onset focal brain deficits lasting more than 24 hours. The main types are ischemic (80% of cases) and hemorrhagic.
- Investigations include CT/MRI to identify vascular lesions, hemorrhage, or ischemia. Additional tests identify underlying causes and vascular anatomy.
- Management of acute stroke focuses on airway, breathing, circulation, medications to reduce damage and prevent complications. Rehabilitation aims to improve function and quality of life. Secondary prevention targets risk factors.
Ischaemic stroke
This document provides an overview of ischaemic stroke, including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. Key points include:
- Ischaemic stroke accounts for 80% of strokes and results from focal brain infarction due to obstruction of cerebral blood flow.
- Major risk factors include hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and previous stroke or TIA.
- Clinical syndromes depend on the location of brain infarction and can include motor/sensory deficits, aphasia and visual field cuts.
- Diagnosis involves neuroimaging such as CT, MRI and vascular imaging to identify the cause.
- Acute
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Cerebrovascular diseases 2.pptx
This document provides an overview of cerebrovascular diseases for medical students. It covers anatomy of the intracranial cerebrovascular system, common acute stroke presentations based on arterial distribution, features suggestive of brainstem stroke, watershed areas vulnerable to hypoperfusion, stroke risk factors, types of strokes, stroke epidemiology, case examples, acute stroke treatment options including thrombolytics, management of blood pressure, stroke workup, secondary stroke prevention, post-stroke care, and intracranial hemorrhage. Key points include differences between transient ischemic attack and stroke, use of the NIH stroke scale to determine severity, eligibility criteria for thrombolysis with tPA, and management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Ischaemic stroke pathogenesis and treatment
- Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is caused by occlusion of cerebral blood vessels leading to brain tissue death.
- Risk factors include atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking.
- Treatment involves stabilizing the patient, administering fibrinolytic drugs like rtPA within 4.5 hours, or performing a mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions. Long term management focuses on prevention of recurrence through antithrombotic drugs and controlling risk factors.
Stroke-and-Spinal-Cord-7-30.ppt
This patient presented with left-sided weakness and slurred speech. CT scan was normal. After tPA infusion, her blood pressure was elevated. The appropriate next step is to administer nicardipine to lower her blood pressure and prevent intracerebral hemorrhage.
This patient is being followed up after an ischemic stroke. Testing shows a left pontine infarct. The appropriate secondary prevention is to substitute clopidogrel for aspirin given his history of peripheral artery disease.
This patient presented with headache and papilledema. MRI was normal. Magnetic resonance venography is the best next test to evaluate for dural sinus venous thrombosis given her risk factors.
Stroke- what's new
The document discusses recent developments in stroke management. It summarizes that (1) endovascular therapy plus usual care is more effective than usual care alone for acute ischemic stroke patients with proximal arterial occlusion within 6 hours of onset, (2) early intensive blood pressure lowering is safe and may improve outcomes for intracerebral hemorrhage patients presenting within 6 hours with systolic BP 150-220 mmHg, and (3) stroke rehabilitation involving early mobilization, drug therapy to enhance motor recovery, and robotic training can improve functional recovery.
Stroke ppt
Stroke is a disease that affects the arteries within the brain.
It is the 5th cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States.
A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts (or ruptures). When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs,and brain cells die.
4. stroke- investigations and management
The document summarizes the investigations and management of stroke. Key points include:
1. Imaging such as CT or MRI is used to distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and identify underlying causes. CT is more widely available while MRI is more sensitive.
2. Risk factors, cardiac investigations, and vascular imaging are also conducted to determine the cause of ischemic stroke.
3. Management of ischemic stroke involves supportive care, thrombolysis within 3 hours, aspirin to prevent recurrence, and carotid surgery for severe stenosis to reduce risk of further stroke.
4. For hemorrhagic stroke, reversal of coagulopathy and surgical evacuation may be considered to control bleeding and intracranial pressure
Stroke
This document provides information on stroke including definitions, types, investigations, clinical features, management, and prevention. Key points include:
- Stroke is a clinical syndrome of rapid onset focal brain deficits lasting more than 24 hours. The main types are ischemic (80% of cases) and hemorrhagic.
- Investigations include CT/MRI to identify vascular lesions, hemorrhage, or ischemia. Additional tests identify underlying causes and vascular anatomy.
- Management of acute stroke focuses on airway, breathing, circulation, medications to reduce damage and prevent complications. Rehabilitation aims to improve function and quality of life. Secondary prevention targets risk factors.
Ischaemic stroke
This document provides an overview of ischaemic stroke, including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. Key points include:
- Ischaemic stroke accounts for 80% of strokes and results from focal brain infarction due to obstruction of cerebral blood flow.
- Major risk factors include hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and previous stroke or TIA.
- Clinical syndromes depend on the location of brain infarction and can include motor/sensory deficits, aphasia and visual field cuts.
- Diagnosis involves neuroimaging such as CT, MRI and vascular imaging to identify the cause.
- Acute
Stroke 2021
This document provides an overview of stroke, including:
- Stroke is defined as rapid neurological deficit caused by focal brain infarction or hemorrhage.
- Risk factors include hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking.
- Strokes are either ischemic (85%) due to thrombosis or embolism, or hemorrhagic (15%) due to bleeding.
- Clinical features depend on the location of brain injury but may include weakness, speech problems, visual issues, and headache.
- Investigations include brain imaging (CT or MRI), blood tests, and cardiac workup to determine the cause.
- Treatment involves supportive care, thrombolysis
Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused most commonly by the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. The rupture causes blood to fill the subarachnoid space, which can lead to neurological deficits or death. Treatment involves securing the aneurysm through surgical clipping or endovascular coiling to prevent rebleeding, as well as managing complications like vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and seizures. Outcomes depend on the grade and location of the initial bleed and development of delayed cerebral ischemia.
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Pharmacotherapy of Stroke
This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of stroke. It begins by defining stroke and classifying it as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. Risk factors and pathophysiology are described. Clinical presentations include weakness, speech problems, or vision loss. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT or MRI to distinguish ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke. Treatment goals are to reduce injury, prevent complications and recurrence. For ischemic stroke, IV tissue plasminogen activator within 3 hours or aspirin within 48 hours are recommended. Secondary prevention includes managing conditions like atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and diabetes to prevent future strokes.
Stroke
The document discusses the pharmacotherapy of stroke. It begins by defining stroke and classifying it as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. It then discusses risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, desired treatment outcomes, and general treatment approaches. It provides details on treatment for ischemic stroke, including IV tissue plasminogen activator and antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy. Treatment for hemorrhagic stroke and rehabilitation are also summarized.
Stroke presentation by Dr. Alemayew 4.ppt
Cerebrovascular diseases like stroke are a major cause of death and disability in the US. There are two main types of stroke - ischemic caused by blockage of an artery and hemorrhagic caused by bleeding. Risk factors include age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, prior stroke or TIA. Diagnosis involves brain imaging like CT or MRI. Treatment depends on type and severity but may include thrombolysis, anticoagulation, antiplatelet drugs, managing risk factors, and rehabilitation. Preventing stroke requires risk factor modification and treatments like antiplatelet drugs.
Pediatric stroke evaluation ;management
This document provides an overview of pediatric stroke, including:
1. It classifies pediatric strokes as perinatal (birth to 28 days) or childhood (28 days to 18 years) and describes common types like arterial ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
2. Risk factors and causes of childhood stroke are discussed, including cardiac lesions, hematological disorders, arteriopathies, infections, and genetic syndromes. Evaluation involves cardiac and thrombophilia testing as well as neuroimaging.
3. Acute management focuses on stabilization, with some evidence that thrombolysis may be considered in select cases. Long-term prevention emphasizes antithrombotic therapies tailored to the underlying condition. Outcomes
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This document discusses the management and prognosis of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). It covers the major subtypes of strokes, including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. For ischemic strokes, imaging studies like CT scans and MRI are used to identify blood clots and rule out hemorrhage. Thrombolysis treatment within 3-4.5 hours can help reduce disability. For hemorrhagic strokes, CT scans are used to locate bleeding and its cause. Outcomes depend on the stroke subtype, with ischemic usually having a better prognosis than hemorrhagic. Lifestyle changes and treating underlying risk factors like hypertension are emphasized for primary and secondary stroke prevention.
Relative Contraindications for Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Thrombolysis with rt-PA (Actilyse) is approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke since 1996. However, only 10-15% people receive this very effective treatment. One of the factors for low rates of thrombolysis is a large number of relative contraindications. This talk discusses, how we can include several of the patients with relative contraindications for thrombolytic treatment.
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Cerebrovascular diseases are the third leading cause of death and a primary cause of disability. 30% of stroke patients die within the first month, and 45-48% die by the end of the year. Strokes can be classified as acute (transient or permanent) or chronic. Transient ischemic attacks are temporary episodes caused by temporary blockages, while permanent strokes include cerebral infarction (85%) and hemorrhages. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and analysis of risk factors. Treatment depends on the type of stroke but generally focuses on stabilization, blood pressure control, and prevention of complications.
Ischaemic Stroke Overview
1. An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot or fat deposit blocks an artery in the brain, cutting off blood flow and oxygen to brain cells.
2. There are two main types - arterial thrombosis where a clot forms in the brain artery, and cerebral embolism where a clot forms elsewhere and travels to the brain.
3. Risk factors include age, gender, medical conditions like high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, prior transient ischemic attacks, and family history.
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when there is bleeding into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain. It is usually caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, and hypertension. Patients often present with a sudden and severe headache described as "the worst headache of my life". Diagnosis is typically made through CT scan or lumbar puncture. Treatment involves securing the aneurysm through clipping or coiling to prevent rebleeding, as well as managing complications such as cerebral vasospasm, seizures, and hydrocephalus.
Stroke presentation By Saba Arif
A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and food.
Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.
Stroke can be either ischemic or hemorrhagic.
Stroke Imaging
This document provides an overview of stroke neuroimaging essentials. It begins with an introduction to stroke basics, including definitions of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. It then covers typical stroke presentations based on the affected territory. The document outlines the imaging approach to acute stroke, including the role of non-contrast CT, CTA, and MRA. It reviews common early signs on non-contrast CT such as the hyperdense vessel sign. Later signs like hypoattenuation and mass effect are also discussed. The document concludes with an example case walking through the imaging and management of an acute stroke patient.
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Cerebrovascular Accident or stroke is defined as an abrupt onset of neurological deficit caused by a focal vascular issue. Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The clinical manifestations of stroke can vary widely due to the complex anatomy of the brain and vasculature. Imaging such as CT and MRI are used to determine if the cause is ischemia or hemorrhage. Treatment focuses on rapid evaluation, managing risk factors, IV thrombolysis if appropriate, and rehabilitation to prevent complications and encourage recovery.
Stroke
1. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either by a blood clot blocking a vessel (ischemic stroke) or a blood vessel rupturing (hemorrhagic stroke).
2. The main types of ischemic strokes are caused by blood clots forming in arteries (thrombosis) or traveling from another part of the body (embolism). Hemorrhagic strokes are either subarachnoid hemorrhages or intracerebral hemorrhages.
3. Treatment for ischemic strokes involves clot-busting drugs or surgery to remove clots, while hemorrhagic strokes focus on controlling bleeding, blood pressure, and complications. The goals are
Hemiplegia
This document summarizes information about hemiplegia, including its causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, investigations, management, complications, and prognosis. Hemiplegia is caused by stroke and results in complete or partial paralysis of one side of the body. Stroke is commonly due to thrombosis, embolism, or hemorrhage. Risk factors include age, gender, medical conditions like hypertension, and behaviors like smoking. Clinical features depend on the location of damage in the brain. Management involves supportive care, prevention of complications, treatment of underlying causes, and rehabilitation. Outcomes vary, but many patients regain functional independence.
Cerebrovascular Disease
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and can be caused by thrombosis, embolism, or hemorrhage. The main types of cerebral vascular diseases that cause stroke are thromboembolic infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Risk factors for stroke include age, gender, hypertension, cardiac diseases, diabetes, smoking, and high alcohol intake. Transient ischemic attacks are focal neurological symptoms lasting less than 24 hours and often precede a major stroke.
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Stroke 2021
This document provides an overview of stroke, including:
- Stroke is defined as rapid neurological deficit caused by focal brain infarction or hemorrhage.
- Risk factors include hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking.
- Strokes are either ischemic (85%) due to thrombosis or embolism, or hemorrhagic (15%) due to bleeding.
- Clinical features depend on the location of brain injury but may include weakness, speech problems, visual issues, and headache.
- Investigations include brain imaging (CT or MRI), blood tests, and cardiac workup to determine the cause.
- Treatment involves supportive care, thrombolysis
Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused most commonly by the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. The rupture causes blood to fill the subarachnoid space, which can lead to neurological deficits or death. Treatment involves securing the aneurysm through surgical clipping or endovascular coiling to prevent rebleeding, as well as managing complications like vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and seizures. Outcomes depend on the grade and location of the initial bleed and development of delayed cerebral ischemia.
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Pharmacotherapy of Stroke
This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of stroke. It begins by defining stroke and classifying it as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. Risk factors and pathophysiology are described. Clinical presentations include weakness, speech problems, or vision loss. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT or MRI to distinguish ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke. Treatment goals are to reduce injury, prevent complications and recurrence. For ischemic stroke, IV tissue plasminogen activator within 3 hours or aspirin within 48 hours are recommended. Secondary prevention includes managing conditions like atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and diabetes to prevent future strokes.
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The document discusses the pharmacotherapy of stroke. It begins by defining stroke and classifying it as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. It then discusses risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, desired treatment outcomes, and general treatment approaches. It provides details on treatment for ischemic stroke, including IV tissue plasminogen activator and antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy. Treatment for hemorrhagic stroke and rehabilitation are also summarized.
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Cerebrovascular diseases like stroke are a major cause of death and disability in the US. There are two main types of stroke - ischemic caused by blockage of an artery and hemorrhagic caused by bleeding. Risk factors include age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, prior stroke or TIA. Diagnosis involves brain imaging like CT or MRI. Treatment depends on type and severity but may include thrombolysis, anticoagulation, antiplatelet drugs, managing risk factors, and rehabilitation. Preventing stroke requires risk factor modification and treatments like antiplatelet drugs.
Pediatric stroke evaluation ;management
This document provides an overview of pediatric stroke, including:
1. It classifies pediatric strokes as perinatal (birth to 28 days) or childhood (28 days to 18 years) and describes common types like arterial ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
2. Risk factors and causes of childhood stroke are discussed, including cardiac lesions, hematological disorders, arteriopathies, infections, and genetic syndromes. Evaluation involves cardiac and thrombophilia testing as well as neuroimaging.
3. Acute management focuses on stabilization, with some evidence that thrombolysis may be considered in select cases. Long-term prevention emphasizes antithrombotic therapies tailored to the underlying condition. Outcomes
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This document discusses the management and prognosis of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). It covers the major subtypes of strokes, including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. For ischemic strokes, imaging studies like CT scans and MRI are used to identify blood clots and rule out hemorrhage. Thrombolysis treatment within 3-4.5 hours can help reduce disability. For hemorrhagic strokes, CT scans are used to locate bleeding and its cause. Outcomes depend on the stroke subtype, with ischemic usually having a better prognosis than hemorrhagic. Lifestyle changes and treating underlying risk factors like hypertension are emphasized for primary and secondary stroke prevention.
Relative Contraindications for Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Thrombolysis with rt-PA (Actilyse) is approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke since 1996. However, only 10-15% people receive this very effective treatment. One of the factors for low rates of thrombolysis is a large number of relative contraindications. This talk discusses, how we can include several of the patients with relative contraindications for thrombolytic treatment.
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Cerebrovascular diseases are the third leading cause of death and a primary cause of disability. 30% of stroke patients die within the first month, and 45-48% die by the end of the year. Strokes can be classified as acute (transient or permanent) or chronic. Transient ischemic attacks are temporary episodes caused by temporary blockages, while permanent strokes include cerebral infarction (85%) and hemorrhages. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and analysis of risk factors. Treatment depends on the type of stroke but generally focuses on stabilization, blood pressure control, and prevention of complications.
Ischaemic Stroke Overview
1. An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot or fat deposit blocks an artery in the brain, cutting off blood flow and oxygen to brain cells.
2. There are two main types - arterial thrombosis where a clot forms in the brain artery, and cerebral embolism where a clot forms elsewhere and travels to the brain.
3. Risk factors include age, gender, medical conditions like high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, prior transient ischemic attacks, and family history.
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when there is bleeding into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain. It is usually caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, and hypertension. Patients often present with a sudden and severe headache described as "the worst headache of my life". Diagnosis is typically made through CT scan or lumbar puncture. Treatment involves securing the aneurysm through clipping or coiling to prevent rebleeding, as well as managing complications such as cerebral vasospasm, seizures, and hydrocephalus.
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A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and food.
Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.
Stroke can be either ischemic or hemorrhagic.
Stroke Imaging
This document provides an overview of stroke neuroimaging essentials. It begins with an introduction to stroke basics, including definitions of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. It then covers typical stroke presentations based on the affected territory. The document outlines the imaging approach to acute stroke, including the role of non-contrast CT, CTA, and MRA. It reviews common early signs on non-contrast CT such as the hyperdense vessel sign. Later signs like hypoattenuation and mass effect are also discussed. The document concludes with an example case walking through the imaging and management of an acute stroke patient.
CVA BY DR.Manoj.pptx
Cerebrovascular Accident or stroke is defined as an abrupt onset of neurological deficit caused by a focal vascular issue. Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The clinical manifestations of stroke can vary widely due to the complex anatomy of the brain and vasculature. Imaging such as CT and MRI are used to determine if the cause is ischemia or hemorrhage. Treatment focuses on rapid evaluation, managing risk factors, IV thrombolysis if appropriate, and rehabilitation to prevent complications and encourage recovery.
Stroke
1. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either by a blood clot blocking a vessel (ischemic stroke) or a blood vessel rupturing (hemorrhagic stroke).
2. The main types of ischemic strokes are caused by blood clots forming in arteries (thrombosis) or traveling from another part of the body (embolism). Hemorrhagic strokes are either subarachnoid hemorrhages or intracerebral hemorrhages.
3. Treatment for ischemic strokes involves clot-busting drugs or surgery to remove clots, while hemorrhagic strokes focus on controlling bleeding, blood pressure, and complications. The goals are
Hemiplegia
This document summarizes information about hemiplegia, including its causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, investigations, management, complications, and prognosis. Hemiplegia is caused by stroke and results in complete or partial paralysis of one side of the body. Stroke is commonly due to thrombosis, embolism, or hemorrhage. Risk factors include age, gender, medical conditions like hypertension, and behaviors like smoking. Clinical features depend on the location of damage in the brain. Management involves supportive care, prevention of complications, treatment of underlying causes, and rehabilitation. Outcomes vary, but many patients regain functional independence.
Cerebrovascular Disease
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and can be caused by thrombosis, embolism, or hemorrhage. The main types of cerebral vascular diseases that cause stroke are thromboembolic infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Risk factors for stroke include age, gender, hypertension, cardiac diseases, diabetes, smoking, and high alcohol intake. Transient ischemic attacks are focal neurological symptoms lasting less than 24 hours and often precede a major stroke.
2018 guidelines for management of patients with acute.pptx new
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Similar to STROKE DISEASE.pptx (20)
Relative Contraindications for Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
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This document discusses competitive strategies and value disciplines. It begins by defining competitive strategies as those that strongly position a company against competitors and provide strategic advantage. It then discusses three basic competitive strategies: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. It also discusses three value disciplines for delivering customer value: operational excellence, customer intimacy, and product leadership. For each value discipline, it provides examples of companies that exemplify that approach, such as Walmart for operational excellence and Ritz Carlton for customer intimacy. In conclusion, it states that classifying strategies as value disciplines defines marketing strategy in terms of delivering superior customer value.
Immunesystem.ppt
This document discusses the immune system in individuals with autism. It begins by outlining the different components of the innate and adaptive immune system. It then discusses how the immune system can become dysregulated in autism, leading to issues like immune deficiency, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Several studies are cited that found abnormal immune responses and inflammation in the blood, gut, and brain of individuals with autism. The document concludes by discussing potential therapies like dietary changes, probiotics, vitamins, and supplements that may help support the immune system.
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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
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STROKE DISEASE.pptx
- 1. STROKE DISEASE By Dr Myat Myint Zu
- 2. • Third most common cause of death in developed country. • Brain dysfunction due to focal ischaemia or haemorrhage. • Rapid onset, focal neurological deficit,vascular cause.
- 5. • Anterior and middle cerebral –frontal and parietal lobe • Posterior cerebral –occipital lobe • Vertebral and basilar –brain stem ,mid brain and cerebellum • Communicating arteries –connection between anterior and posterior circulations and between Lt and Rt hemisphere ,creat protective anastomotic connections.
- 7. pathophysiology • Ischaemic stroke 60% -secondary to athrosclerosis in major extracranial arteries (carotic and aortic arch) 20%-embolism from cardiac pathology 20%-thrombosis insitu (intrinsis disease of small perforating arteries(lenticulostriate artries) 5%-vasculitis,endocarditis,cerebral venous diseases.
- 9. Clinical presentations • Depends upon which arteries territory is involved and size of the lesion • TIA-resolve within 24 hrs and no neurological deficits • Minor stroke –resolve within a week and no neurological deficits • Completed stroke –maximal deficit within 6 hrs • Stroke in evolution-deficits worsen after pt presentation (↑vol of infart,haemoragic transformation,↑cerebral edema)
- 11. Treatment Prehospital management The FAST-FACE ,ARM , SPEECH,TIME • Stroke fast track,Why?-narrow theraputic window for treatment. eg: IV rTPA • Hospital and ER sould creat effi cient processes and pathways to manage.
- 12. • History-onset ,duration, symptoms ,risk factors to exclude stroke mimics. • Physical examination-NIHSS(national institutes of health stroke scale) – Level of conciousness – Extraocular movement – Visual field loss – Motor strength – Ataxia – Sensory loss – Language – Dysarthria – Neglet (should take <10minutes to complete)
- 14. TIA
- 15. • ABCD score of ≥4 – Asprin 300mg daily start immediately – Specialist assess within 24hrs – Measure for secondary prevention • ABCD score of ≤4 – Specialist assess within 1wk – Brain imaging
- 16. Thrombolytic therapy • Should only given within 3 hrs, • 0.9 mg/kgIV maximum 90 mg. • Exclusive criteria-haemorrhage, neoplasm, AV malformation, trauma, recent surgery, Plt count <100,000/mm3 , BP >185/110, heparin therapy within 48hr with↑APTT
- 18. • Anticoagulants should not be used routinely in treatment of acute ischaemic stroke because ↑risk of both intracranial and extra cranial haemorrhage but may be consider in high risk of thromboembolism including complete paralysis of leg ,previous history of VT, active malignancy,arterial dissection. • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis should be given full-dose anticoagulants initially then follow by warfarin (INR 2-3)
- 22. S
- 25. SECONDARY PREVENTION • CLOPIDOGREL-ahead of combination use of asprin+dipyridamole MR in ischaemic stroke,peripheral arterial disease,multivascular disease,MI only if asprin is not tolerated or contraindicated. • Dipyridamole MR +asprin- recommended for TIA , ischaemic stroke only if clopidogrel is contraindicated. • Dipyridamole MR alone- TIA only if asprin is contraindicated, ischaemic stroke only if clopidogrel and asprin are contraindicated. • Dipyridamol is not used in acute phase
- 26. Complications • Arrhythmia • Infections –chest ,urinary tract • DVT and pulmonary embolism • Painful shoulder • Pressure sores • Constipation • Depression and anxiety • Epilepsy
- 28. Intracerebral haemorrhage • Subarachnoid haemorrhage • Intracerebral and cerebellum haemorrhage • Subdural and extradural haemorrhage
- 29. SAH • Sudden ,severe, thunder-clap headache esp in occiput • Vomitting,neck stiffness and pain,↑BP ,photophobia, subhyaloid haemorrhage on fundoscope • Causes-berry (85%),non aneurysmal hae(10%),AVM(5%) • Complication –rebleed(40% in first 4 wks),secondary infart due to vasospasm,hydrocephalus
- 31. • Nimodipine 30-60mg IV for 5-14 days follow by 360mg for further 7 days • Insertion of platinum coil • Surgical clippings or ligation
- 32. THANK YOU