5. SunWise
JA
3-5 5
The Sun
Helps Plants Grow
Makes Vitamin _
Keeps Us Warm
Makes Us F__l Good
G_v_s Us Light
Kills Ge_m_
Helpful Harmful
Makes Vitamin D
Kills Germs
Makes Us Feel Good
Gives Us Light
6. SunWise
JA
3-5 6
The Sun
Makes Our Skin Wrinkle
Causes Sunburns
Causes S_i_ Cancer
Causes E_e Damage
Causes Skin Cancer
Causes Eye Damage
Helpful Harmful
7. SunWise
JA
3-5 7
Helpful and Harmful Effects of the Sun
Makes Our Skin Wrinkle
Causes Sunburns
Causes Skin Cancer
Causes Eye Damage
Helps Plants Grow
Keeps Us Warm
Makes Vitamin D
Kills Germs
Makes Us Feel Good
Gives Us Light
Helpful Harmful
9. SunWise
JA
3-5
The Sun…
…is necessary for life on Earth.
It helps plants to grow, and provides
warmth and light.
Sunlight also helps people to be
happy and healthy.
9
10. SunWise
JA
3-5
The Sun…
…produces light and warmth but also
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV
radiation cannot be seen or felt.
It is UV radiation, not the warmth or
brightness of the sun that causes
changes to skin color, damage to
eyes, and other bad health effects.
10
12. SunWise
JA
3-5
UV radiation is not always the same it changes
based on…
• Time of day
• Time of year
• Location
• Altitude
• Weather
• Reflection
• Ozone Layer
12
13. SunWise
JA
3-5
How do we measure UV radiation levels?
We use the UV Index Scale.
Reported on a scale of 1 -11+.
13
Introduction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11+
UV
index
Take special care when the
UV Index is 5-6 or higher.
15. SunWise
JA
3-5
Sun Safety Action Steps
15
SunWise
Limit Time in
the Midday Sun
Seek Shade
Cover Up
Wear a Hat
Use Sunscreen
Wear
Sunglasses
Avoid Tanning
Parlors
Watch for
the UV Index
16. SunWise
JA
3-5
Sun Safety Action Steps
Limit Time in the
Midday Sun
16
The sun’s rays are strongest between
10 am and 4 pm.
Limit exposure to the sun during these
hours.
17. SunWise
JA
3-5
Sun Safety Action Steps
Seek Shade
17
Staying under cover is one of the
best ways to protect yourself from
the sun.
But remember, shade structures do
not offer complete sun protection.
18. SunWise
JA
3-5
Sun Safety Action Steps
Cover Up
18
Wearing long sleeves and long pants
is a good way to protect your skin
from the sun’s UV rays.
19. SunWise
JA
3-5
Sun Safety Action Steps
Use
Sunscreen
19
Use sunscreen of SPF 15+ generously
and reapply every 2 hours, or after
working, swimming, playing, or
exercising outdoors.
20. SunWise
JA
3-5
Sun Safety Action Steps
Wear a Hat
20
A hat with a wide brim offers good
sun protection for your eyes, ears,
face, and the back of your neck.
21. SunWise
JA
3-5
Sun Safety Action Steps
Wear
Sunglasses
21
Sunglasses that provide 99 to 100
percent UV protection will greatly
reduce sun exposure that can lead to
eye damage.
22. SunWise
JA
3-5
Sun Safety Action Steps
Avoid Tanning
Parlors
22
The light source from sunbeds and
sunlamps damages the skin and
unprotected eyes. It is a good idea
to avoid artificial sources of UV light.
23. SunWise
JA
3-5
Sun Safety Action Steps
Watch for
the UV Index
23
The UV Index provides important
information to help you plan your
outdoor activities in ways that prevent
overexposure to the sun. The UV
Index is issued daily across the United
States.
25. SunWise
JA
3-5 25
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Sun rays are electromagnetic waves
• Each kind has a wavelength, frequency and energy
Source: Adapted from http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/astronomy/arny/instructor/graphics/ch03/0305.html
Note: Diagram drawn
on a logarithmic scale
26. SunWise
JA
3-5 26
The Sun’s Radiation Spectrum I
• The sun emits several kinds of electromagnetic radiation
• Infrared (IR), Visible (Vis), and Ultra Violet (UV)
• Higher energy radiation can damage our skin
Source: http://www.arpansa.gov.au/is_sunys.htm
27. SunWise
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The Sun’s Radiation Spectrum II
• How much UV, Vis & IR does the sun emit?
Source: http://www.arpansa.gov.au/is_sunys.htm
28. SunWise
JA
3-5 28
Skin Damage I
• The kind of skin damage is determined by the size of
the energy packet ( E = h * f)
• The UV spectrum is broken into three parts:
• Very High Energy (UVC)
• High Energy (UVB)
• Low Energy (UVA)
Source: http://www.arpansa.gov.au/is_sunys.htm
• As far as we know,
visible and IR
radiation don’t harm
the skin
29. SunWise
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3-5 29
• Very high energy
radiation (UVC) is
currently absorbed by the
ozone layer
• High energy radiation
(UVB) does the most
immediate damage
(sunburns)
• Lower energy radiation
(UVA) can penetrate
deeper into the skin,
leading to long term
damage
Source: N.A. Shaath. The Chemistry of Sunscreens. In: Lowe NJ, Shaath NA, Pathak MA, editors. Sunscreens, development,
evaluation, and regulatory aspects. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1997. p. 263-283.
Skin Damage II
31. SunWise
JA
3-5 31
Radiation
Type
Characteristic
Wavelength (l)
Energy per
Photon
% of
Total Radiation
Emitted by Sun
Effects on
Human Skin
Visible
to
Human
Eye?
UVC ~200-290 nm
(Short-wave UV)
High Energy
~0%
(<1% of all UV)
DNA Damage No
UVB ~290-320 nm
(Mid-range UV) Medium Energy
~.35%
(5% of all UV)
Sunburn
DNA Damage
Skin Cancer
No
UVA ~320-400 nm
(Long-wave UV)
Low Energy
~6.5%
(95 % of all UV)
Tanning
Skin Aging
DNA Damage
Skin Cancer
No
Vis ~400-800 nm
Lower Energy
~43 % None
Currently
Known
Yes
IR ~800-120,000 nm
Lowest Energy
~49% Heat Sensation
(high l IR)
No
Sun Radiation Summary II
Increasing
Energy
Increasing
Wavelength
34. SunWise
JA
3-5
True or False?
34
Even on a cloudy day, many
of the sun’s rays can still
reach the Earth’s surface.
TRUE
You can get
sunburned
on a cloudy
day.
36. SunWise
JA
3-5
True or False?
You only need to wear
sunscreen when you
are at the beach.
36
You do not have to be
sunbathing to get a
damaging dose of the sun.
Everyday exposure to the
sun without sunscreen can
damage your skin.
FALSE
38. SunWise
JA
3-5
True or False?
38
Use Sunscreen with SPF 15
or Higher. Remember to
put on enough sunscreen to
protect your skin.
FALSE
Sunscreen with a
SPF of LESS than
15 is enough to
protect my skin.
SPF 15
Sunscreen
39. SunWise
JA
3-5
True or False?
My skin doesn’t get
sunburned, so I don’t need to
worry about protecting
myself from overexposure to
the sun.
39
40. SunWise
JA
3-5
True or False?
My skin doesn’t get
sunburned, so I don’t need to
worry about protecting
myself from overexposure to
the sun.
40
Skin cancer and other bad
effects from the sun can
affect any person,
regardless of skin color.
FALSE
