This document discusses ways to strengthen demand for improved public investment through greater transparency and accountability. It proposes using participatory budgeting and monitoring to create better incentives in the budget cycle. Evidence shows community monitoring of infrastructure projects in Indonesia and health services in Uganda improved quality and reduced corruption. The Construction Sector Transparency Initiative applies disclosure and assurance protocols through local multi-stakeholder groups to improve transparency in public construction projects. Bringing transparency and accountability together can encourage informed public reaction to demand better efficiency and quality.
The document is a corruption perceptions index for 176 countries published in 2012 by Transparency International. It shows each country's score on a scale of 0-100, with 0 being highly corrupt and 100 being very clean. Over two-thirds of the countries scored below 50. The average worldwide score was 43. Countries at the top of the index included Denmark, Finland, and New Zealand, while countries at the bottom included Somalia, North Korea, and Afghanistan.
Peoplefluent Compuware Gomez User group presentationMatthewLeggett
This document summarizes Peoplefluent, a human resources SaaS vendor that uses Compuware Gomez products for website monitoring and performance testing. Key points:
- Peoplefluent was formed from the merger of Peopleclick, Authoria, and Acquire and provides recruitment, vendor management, talent management, and diversity compliance solutions.
- Gomez is used for backbone transactions testing, last mile testing, and private peer testing to monitor availability and performance from different network perspectives.
- Testing helps identify and troubleshoot issues like slow DNS, server errors, network problems impacting clients, and helps evaluate CDN vendors.
- Insights from Gomez data have helped optimize systems, improve performance for job applicants
This document summarizes information about Peoplefluent, a human resources SaaS vendor formed through mergers. It provides details on Peoplefluent's product offerings including recruitment, talent management, and learning management solutions. The document also discusses Peoplefluent's client base, global footprint, typical customers, and the F5 products used including LTM, ASM, and iRules. It shares how Peoplefluent uses load balancing and iRules to solve problems and outlines their plan to implement Gomez RUM, prioritize iRules, upgrade to F5 version 11, and migrate from bigpipe to tmsh.
iLoop Mobile operates live campaigns in 68 countries globally and has the capability to support campaigns in 247 countries total, including territories, colonies, and dependencies of independent countries. The document lists all 247 countries and territories that iLoop Mobile's platform supports.
The document contains information about global trends in renewable energy investment, Australia's solar future, and the need for additional signatures for the Kyoto Protocol '2'.
It includes charts and graphs showing annual global investment in new renewable capacity increasing from $50 billion in 2004 to over $300 billion in 2020. It also shows Australia's solar capacity projected to grow from 1.5 gigawatts in 2020 to over 15 gigawatts by 2040.
Additionally, it provides a table listing countries that have and have not signed the Kyoto Protocol '2', with notable countries not signing including Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Russia, Japan, and the United States.
1) Indonesia's human development value and rank from 1980 to 2006 based on graphs from the document show that its HDI level has remained in the medium category during that period while some other countries improved to high level.
2) Indonesia's HDI rank in 2006 was 108 out of 179 countries according to the UN, and it scored in the medium human development interval of 0.500 to 0.799.
3) The document contains graphs on Indonesia's rankings in 2006 for journalistic freedom (103 out of 168 countries), corruption perception (143 out of 179 countries), and global competitiveness (51 out of 122 countries).
Nationals from several countries are entitled to visa exemptions or visas on arrival when entering Thailand depending on their passport type. Ordinary passport holders from over 50 countries can receive a visa on arrival valid for 15 or 30 days, while diplomatic or official passport holders from over 80 countries do not require a visa and can stay up to 90 days. The document lists all the countries in each category along with any bilateral agreements that provide different entry conditions.
This document lists over 150 countries that our fulfillment operation can ship to, including major countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Oceania.
The document is a corruption perceptions index for 176 countries published in 2012 by Transparency International. It shows each country's score on a scale of 0-100, with 0 being highly corrupt and 100 being very clean. Over two-thirds of the countries scored below 50. The average worldwide score was 43. Countries at the top of the index included Denmark, Finland, and New Zealand, while countries at the bottom included Somalia, North Korea, and Afghanistan.
Peoplefluent Compuware Gomez User group presentationMatthewLeggett
This document summarizes Peoplefluent, a human resources SaaS vendor that uses Compuware Gomez products for website monitoring and performance testing. Key points:
- Peoplefluent was formed from the merger of Peopleclick, Authoria, and Acquire and provides recruitment, vendor management, talent management, and diversity compliance solutions.
- Gomez is used for backbone transactions testing, last mile testing, and private peer testing to monitor availability and performance from different network perspectives.
- Testing helps identify and troubleshoot issues like slow DNS, server errors, network problems impacting clients, and helps evaluate CDN vendors.
- Insights from Gomez data have helped optimize systems, improve performance for job applicants
This document summarizes information about Peoplefluent, a human resources SaaS vendor formed through mergers. It provides details on Peoplefluent's product offerings including recruitment, talent management, and learning management solutions. The document also discusses Peoplefluent's client base, global footprint, typical customers, and the F5 products used including LTM, ASM, and iRules. It shares how Peoplefluent uses load balancing and iRules to solve problems and outlines their plan to implement Gomez RUM, prioritize iRules, upgrade to F5 version 11, and migrate from bigpipe to tmsh.
iLoop Mobile operates live campaigns in 68 countries globally and has the capability to support campaigns in 247 countries total, including territories, colonies, and dependencies of independent countries. The document lists all 247 countries and territories that iLoop Mobile's platform supports.
The document contains information about global trends in renewable energy investment, Australia's solar future, and the need for additional signatures for the Kyoto Protocol '2'.
It includes charts and graphs showing annual global investment in new renewable capacity increasing from $50 billion in 2004 to over $300 billion in 2020. It also shows Australia's solar capacity projected to grow from 1.5 gigawatts in 2020 to over 15 gigawatts by 2040.
Additionally, it provides a table listing countries that have and have not signed the Kyoto Protocol '2', with notable countries not signing including Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Russia, Japan, and the United States.
1) Indonesia's human development value and rank from 1980 to 2006 based on graphs from the document show that its HDI level has remained in the medium category during that period while some other countries improved to high level.
2) Indonesia's HDI rank in 2006 was 108 out of 179 countries according to the UN, and it scored in the medium human development interval of 0.500 to 0.799.
3) The document contains graphs on Indonesia's rankings in 2006 for journalistic freedom (103 out of 168 countries), corruption perception (143 out of 179 countries), and global competitiveness (51 out of 122 countries).
Nationals from several countries are entitled to visa exemptions or visas on arrival when entering Thailand depending on their passport type. Ordinary passport holders from over 50 countries can receive a visa on arrival valid for 15 or 30 days, while diplomatic or official passport holders from over 80 countries do not require a visa and can stay up to 90 days. The document lists all the countries in each category along with any bilateral agreements that provide different entry conditions.
This document lists over 150 countries that our fulfillment operation can ship to, including major countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Oceania.
The document lists over 80 countries and territories that Arpin International Group, Inc., an international moving company, has operation centers or has provided moving services to between 2008 and the present. It shows their growth from having presences mainly in North America and Western Europe in 2008 to now serving clients in over 20 top global destinations across six continents. Their headquarters are in Boston, Massachusetts with additional operation centers in Rhode Island, New York, Texas, California, Washington, and the United Kingdom.
This document provides an overview of Islam and Judaism. It discusses the key beliefs and practices of each religion, including the Five Pillars of Islam, sharia law, divisions between Sunni and Shiite Muslims, and common Jewish practices like observing the Sabbath and kosher dietary laws. When witnessing to followers of these faiths, the document recommends building relationships through respectful dialogue and sharing one's personal experience with Jesus.
International comparisons on per capita income, growth, inequality and povertyROBERTO VILLARREAL
dnetThis presentation shows: 1) the evolution of average income per capita over the past fifty years in the entire world and in major regions; 2) an international comparison of both average income per capita and icome inequality measured by the Gini coefficient for a considerably large set of countries in all regions of the world; an 3) a similar comparison looking at average income per capita and poverty rates in numerous countries.
Eddy Wouters, APL Logistics on '3PL Branding & Marketing'eyefortransport
Eddy Wouters, VP Logistics Europe, APL Logistics gets many laughs and lots of good feedback as he speaks on '3PL Branding & Marketing' at the 7th European 3PL Summit in Brussels, November 25th 2009.
To download all of the slides from the conference for free visit www.3PLsummit.com/eu_2009ppts
The document summarizes the key determinants of national competitiveness according to Professor Michael Porter. It discusses that competitiveness depends on productivity, which arises from microeconomic and macroeconomic factors. At the microeconomic level, competitiveness is determined by the quality of the national business environment, the development of industry clusters, and the sophistication of companies. Macroeconomic competitiveness involves social and infrastructure factors as well as macroeconomic policies that can support high productivity.
The Future of the Global Church: Ch. 7 samplegmi_org
A sample from Patrick Johnstone's book, The Future of the Global Church.
This sample is from Chapter 7, The Unevangelized. It discusses People Clusters of the Arab World. [Five Slides]
1) Overcoming risks in rural banking requires understanding rural customers, their savings habits, and leveraging technology appropriately.
2) Field experiments in rural Kenya showed that products with some commitment feature increased savings, and social and credit pressures worked to encourage savings.
3) Key drivers for successful rural banking platforms include suitable products, financial literacy programs, usable technology, and accessible services.
4) Risks can be controlled through innovation, such as using voice authentication technology which has potential to increase connectivity, productivity and GDP.
This document provides a list of countries organized by continent. It includes the names of over 200 countries across Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Oceania. The countries are presented alphabetically within each continental grouping without additional details.
Communications service providers are under pressure to transition from growth-based business models focused on subscriber numbers to value-based models focused on profitability and margins. WEDO Technologies is a software company that helps communications providers maximize the profitability of their existing investments and get costs under control through successful project management and a focus on customer satisfaction. As a 100% subsidiary of SonaeCom with over 400 employees working with 100 customers in 66 countries, WEDO has a strong track record and local presence to support this industry transition.
Microfinance Forum 2008 (4.Scb MF and Role Of Investors Tokyo1108)Living in Peace
2008年11月28日に世界銀行東京ラーニングセンターで行われたマイクロファイナンス・フォーラムの資料です。
4.Scb MF and Role Of Investors Tokyo1108
スタンダード・チャータードがマイクロファイナンスに見出しているビジネス機会、投資パフォーマンスについて
Prashant Thakker 氏(Standard Chartered銀行 マイクロファイナンス グローバルビジネスヘッド)
※Living in Peace(リビング・イン・ピース)について
本フォーラムの主催団体であるLiving in
Peaceは、経済開発に関心のある金融機関関係者を中心に2008年10月に設立されました。その他にも公務員、国際機関関係者、学生などがメンバーになっており、2009年4月にNPO法人格を取得いたしました。また現在、ミュージックセキュリティーズと提携してマイクロファイナンス・ファンドの組成準備中です。(HP:http://www.living-in-peace.org/
旧Blog;http://d.hatena.ne.jp/microfinance/)
Arbitration of Government Contracts in Latin America: Peru, the Example to Fo...limaarbitration
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The document provides an overview of TEData's global MPLS network and services. It describes MPLS technology and TEData's MPLS product offerings. The summaries include TEData's global MPLS reach spanning over 200 countries, an overview of MPLS concepts including VPNs, and descriptions of TEData's MPLS and value-added services such as IPSec remote access. Readers will understand TEData's MPLS capabilities and key benefits as well as MPLS technology features.
This document provides a summary of the IAEA Safety Standards Series and how it establishes requirements for ensuring safety. It notes that the IAEA Safety Standards Series has three categories - Safety Fundamentals, Safety Requirements, and Safety Guides. Safety Requirements establish requirements to protect people and the environment from radiation, and Safety Guides provide recommendations on how to meet the Safety Requirements. The IAEA safety standards apply to all nuclear facilities and activities and are used by States to establish national safety regulations.
Asia editable continent map with countriesSlideTeam.net
The document is a map of Asia showing the countries in the region. It displays the names and locations of Asian countries as well as some neighboring countries. The map can be edited by coloring each country separately. Additional information promotes the ability to customize maps for presentations.
Inge G. Thulin Executive Vice President, International Operationsfinance10
This document discusses 3M's international operations and growth strategies. It notes that 3M has subsidiaries in 69 countries representing 61% of sales. Key points include:
1) 3M focuses on developing local market knowledge and solutions through its extensive international subsidiary network.
2) 3M pursues growth in both developed and developing markets by emphasizing customer success, operational excellence, and engaged employees.
3) 3M's customer technology centers allow it to collaborate closely with customers and develop local applications of its technologies.
The document discusses competitiveness and entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia based on a presentation by Professor Michael Porter. It provides an overview of Saudi Arabia's current competitive position globally and within the Middle East region. Key metrics examined include GDP per capita, productivity, investment rates, export performance, and levels of innovation. The presentation evaluates Saudi Arabia's strengths and weaknesses across macroeconomic and microeconomic competitiveness factors. Areas for improving the national business environment and developing industry clusters are identified.
Asia powerpoint editable continent map with countries templates slidesSlideTeam.net
The document is an editable map of Asia showing the countries of the region. It displays Russia in the north, India and China as the largest countries in central Asia, and Indonesia in the southeast. All countries on the map can be individually colored or edited.
El orador cierra la conferencia agradeciendo a los participantes y expertos por compartir su conocimiento durante los últimos tres días. Resalta que a pesar de terminar la conferencia, el conocimiento adquirido perdurará y ayudará a impulsar el progreso en los países representados. Finalmente, agradece a los patrocinadores y organizadores por hacer posible este evento, y desea un buen viaje a todos los asistentes.
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The document lists over 80 countries and territories that Arpin International Group, Inc., an international moving company, has operation centers or has provided moving services to between 2008 and the present. It shows their growth from having presences mainly in North America and Western Europe in 2008 to now serving clients in over 20 top global destinations across six continents. Their headquarters are in Boston, Massachusetts with additional operation centers in Rhode Island, New York, Texas, California, Washington, and the United Kingdom.
This document provides an overview of Islam and Judaism. It discusses the key beliefs and practices of each religion, including the Five Pillars of Islam, sharia law, divisions between Sunni and Shiite Muslims, and common Jewish practices like observing the Sabbath and kosher dietary laws. When witnessing to followers of these faiths, the document recommends building relationships through respectful dialogue and sharing one's personal experience with Jesus.
International comparisons on per capita income, growth, inequality and povertyROBERTO VILLARREAL
dnetThis presentation shows: 1) the evolution of average income per capita over the past fifty years in the entire world and in major regions; 2) an international comparison of both average income per capita and icome inequality measured by the Gini coefficient for a considerably large set of countries in all regions of the world; an 3) a similar comparison looking at average income per capita and poverty rates in numerous countries.
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Eddy Wouters, VP Logistics Europe, APL Logistics gets many laughs and lots of good feedback as he speaks on '3PL Branding & Marketing' at the 7th European 3PL Summit in Brussels, November 25th 2009.
To download all of the slides from the conference for free visit www.3PLsummit.com/eu_2009ppts
The document summarizes the key determinants of national competitiveness according to Professor Michael Porter. It discusses that competitiveness depends on productivity, which arises from microeconomic and macroeconomic factors. At the microeconomic level, competitiveness is determined by the quality of the national business environment, the development of industry clusters, and the sophistication of companies. Macroeconomic competitiveness involves social and infrastructure factors as well as macroeconomic policies that can support high productivity.
The Future of the Global Church: Ch. 7 samplegmi_org
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1) Overcoming risks in rural banking requires understanding rural customers, their savings habits, and leveraging technology appropriately.
2) Field experiments in rural Kenya showed that products with some commitment feature increased savings, and social and credit pressures worked to encourage savings.
3) Key drivers for successful rural banking platforms include suitable products, financial literacy programs, usable technology, and accessible services.
4) Risks can be controlled through innovation, such as using voice authentication technology which has potential to increase connectivity, productivity and GDP.
This document provides a list of countries organized by continent. It includes the names of over 200 countries across Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Oceania. The countries are presented alphabetically within each continental grouping without additional details.
Communications service providers are under pressure to transition from growth-based business models focused on subscriber numbers to value-based models focused on profitability and margins. WEDO Technologies is a software company that helps communications providers maximize the profitability of their existing investments and get costs under control through successful project management and a focus on customer satisfaction. As a 100% subsidiary of SonaeCom with over 400 employees working with 100 customers in 66 countries, WEDO has a strong track record and local presence to support this industry transition.
Microfinance Forum 2008 (4.Scb MF and Role Of Investors Tokyo1108)Living in Peace
2008年11月28日に世界銀行東京ラーニングセンターで行われたマイクロファイナンス・フォーラムの資料です。
4.Scb MF and Role Of Investors Tokyo1108
スタンダード・チャータードがマイクロファイナンスに見出しているビジネス機会、投資パフォーマンスについて
Prashant Thakker 氏(Standard Chartered銀行 マイクロファイナンス グローバルビジネスヘッド)
※Living in Peace(リビング・イン・ピース)について
本フォーラムの主催団体であるLiving in
Peaceは、経済開発に関心のある金融機関関係者を中心に2008年10月に設立されました。その他にも公務員、国際機関関係者、学生などがメンバーになっており、2009年4月にNPO法人格を取得いたしました。また現在、ミュージックセキュリティーズと提携してマイクロファイナンス・ファンドの組成準備中です。(HP:http://www.living-in-peace.org/
旧Blog;http://d.hatena.ne.jp/microfinance/)
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The document provides an overview of TEData's global MPLS network and services. It describes MPLS technology and TEData's MPLS product offerings. The summaries include TEData's global MPLS reach spanning over 200 countries, an overview of MPLS concepts including VPNs, and descriptions of TEData's MPLS and value-added services such as IPSec remote access. Readers will understand TEData's MPLS capabilities and key benefits as well as MPLS technology features.
This document provides a summary of the IAEA Safety Standards Series and how it establishes requirements for ensuring safety. It notes that the IAEA Safety Standards Series has three categories - Safety Fundamentals, Safety Requirements, and Safety Guides. Safety Requirements establish requirements to protect people and the environment from radiation, and Safety Guides provide recommendations on how to meet the Safety Requirements. The IAEA safety standards apply to all nuclear facilities and activities and are used by States to establish national safety regulations.
Asia editable continent map with countriesSlideTeam.net
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The document discusses competitiveness and entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia based on a presentation by Professor Michael Porter. It provides an overview of Saudi Arabia's current competitive position globally and within the Middle East region. Key metrics examined include GDP per capita, productivity, investment rates, export performance, and levels of innovation. The presentation evaluates Saudi Arabia's strengths and weaknesses across macroeconomic and microeconomic competitiveness factors. Areas for improving the national business environment and developing industry clusters are identified.
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El orador cierra la conferencia agradeciendo a los participantes y expertos por compartir su conocimiento durante los últimos tres días. Resalta que a pesar de terminar la conferencia, el conocimiento adquirido perdurará y ayudará a impulsar el progreso en los países representados. Finalmente, agradece a los patrocinadores y organizadores por hacer posible este evento, y desea un buen viaje a todos los asistentes.
The speaker closes out the three-day conference by thanking the participants and emphasizing the importance of continuing to promote transparency, accountability, and good governance when returning home. Key principles discussed at the conference such as these form the foundation of strong public financial management and help inspire public trust. With over 100 representatives from around the globe in attendance, the knowledge shared has great potential impact, and the speaker hopes participants will continue the discussion with colleagues.
Este documento resume tres proyectos que buscan mejorar la movilización de recursos nacionales en Afganistán, Vietnam y Túnez. En Afganistán, el proyecto ATAR está automatizando los procedimientos aduaneros, gestionando el riesgo y estableciendo estándares de auditoría y conducta. En Vietnam, el proyecto GIG está promoviendo altos estándares en las compras públicas. Y en Túnez, el proyecto TCP está apoyando la reforma fiscal a través del análisis de políticas.
This document summarizes presentations from three USAID-funded projects working to improve domestic resource mobilization:
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2) The Vietnam Governance for Inclusive Growth Project is promoting high procurement standards to comply with trade agreements and strengthen transparency, including revising laws, training officials, and expanding e-procurement.
3) The Tunisia Tax and Customs Reform Activity used modeling and analysis to develop reforms simplifying taxes and customs duties that were included in the 2016 Finance Law, and it aims to establish a Fiscal Analysis Unit to
Institutional transparency is key to preventing corruption. When corporate records, court documents, government procurement records, and media are publicly accessible online, it allows companies to thoroughly research potential partners and identify "red flags" like obscure ownership structures, corruption allegations, or ties to government officials. However, transparency varies greatly between countries and even within countries. In Brazil, for example, corporate records availability ranges from comprehensive online databases to only being available on-site for a fee. Where transparency is lacking, it constrains the private sector's ability to conduct proper due diligence and avoid corrupt partners and transactions.
This document summarizes a political scientist's perspective on corruption from an international conference on governmental financial management. It discusses how corruption is correlated with levels of economic development, political institutions, economic rents, bureaucratic and political incentives, taxation systems, customs agencies, and budget management processes. Potential solutions are outlined like reforming laws and procedures, increasing transparency, oversight, and technology, and strengthening institutions.
The document discusses how capturing illicit financial flows can help fund achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. It notes that $1 trillion in illicit capital leaves developing countries annually, contributing to an estimated $2.5 trillion annual funding gap for the Goals. While political will exists to reduce these flows, misinvoiced trade accounts for $878 billion per year. The document introduces a Trade Misinvoicing Assessment System (TMAS) that analyzes pricing data to help customs officials identify misinvoiced goods shipments, which could help capture more revenue domestically and close the funding gap.
This document discusses how natural resources are embedded within many of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and how corruption is often linked to countries that rely heavily on natural resource exports. It notes that while there is no standalone "natural resources" SDG, natural resources relate to goals around ending poverty, achieving food security, access to clean water and affordable energy, sustainable economic growth, reducing inequality, sustainable consumption and production, climate action, and more. It then outlines how corruption is more common in countries with weak institutions that rely on natural resource exports, especially oil, and explains some of the political and economic factors that can contribute to this "resource curse". The document concludes by noting increased calls for transparency and accountability in
La iniciativa de Addis Ababa busca que los países recauden más fondos domésticos para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Desde la conferencia de Addis Ababa en 2015, varios países y organizaciones han trabajado para mejorar la recaudación de impuestos domésticos, como Rwanda que se unió a la iniciativa y Afganistán que comenzó un programa de recaudación de impuestos domésticos. Otras áreas de enfoque incluyen la erosión de la base imponible y la transferencia de beneficios
The document summarizes the Addis Tax Initiative agreed upon at the Third International Conference on Financing for Development. The initiative is a partnership to improve domestic resource mobilization by encouraging donors to increase funding for tax systems and developing countries to raise tax revenues to fund development goals. Several countries and organizations have signed on to the initiative and some progress has been made through diagnostic tools and programs in countries like Rwanda and Afghanistan. Other related efforts on base erosion, tax incentives, and private sector participation are also discussed.
El ICGFM es una comunidad internacional fundada en 1978 dedicada a mejorar la gestión de finanzas públicas. Reúne a líderes y practicantes de finanzas gubernamentales de todos los niveles para promover el intercambio de mejores prácticas. Ofrece conferencias, publicaciones y certificaciones para apoyar el desarrollo profesional continuo de sus miembros individuales y organizacionales.
The International Consortium on Governmental Financial Management (ICGFM) is a non-profit founded in 1978 that brings together leaders and practitioners in public financial management from local, state/provincial, and national governments. It facilitates sharing best practices and thought leadership in PFM through biannual conferences, an international journal, surveys, and a speaker series. Membership includes sustaining organizations, organizational members like governments and non-profits, and individual practitioners and specialists.
1) El documento analiza las formas de asistencia estatal y apoyo presupuestario a la economía de Ucrania, incluidos subsidios, exenciones impositivas, garantías estatales y proyectos de inversión.
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This document discusses Ukraine's tax reform efforts to support economic development. Key measures of the 2014 tax reform focused on increasing budget revenues through expanding excise taxes and property taxes. Rates for corporate and personal income taxes were also increased. However, the reform also aimed to enhance entrepreneurship by reducing some tax benefits and making the tax system more transparent and efficient to improve the business climate. Overall, the tax changes helped address fiscal consolidation but further reforms are still needed to minimize taxes' negative impact on growth and bring more business out of the shadow economy.
The document summarizes the fiscal policies and transparency initiatives of the Cordoba Province government in Argentina. It discusses efforts to improve transparency through legal reforms, quality management systems, and new technologies. Key policies and programs include joining the Fiscal Responsibility Regime in 2004, passing the Financial Administration Law in 2003, creating regulatory compendiums, and adopting Resolution 364/09 to establish transparency policies. The province also publishes information through its transparency portal, citizen budget, audits, and sustainability reports to encourage public participation in fiscal management.
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"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
2. RATIONALE
OBI v. Credit Ratings (Hameed, 2010)
Fundamental right
Informs voice and
political process
2
Enables accountability
Improves performance
in public sector (?)
Reduces risk of OBI v. EMBI Sovereign Spreads (Hameed, 2010)
corruption (?)
Reduces price of
borrowing
3. OTHER SIMPLE LINKAGES: MEDIA AND OPEN
BUDGET INDEX
100
Number of obs = 93
South Africa
New Zealand
Adj R-squared = 0.3430
United Kingdom
France
Coefficient = -.6778005***
Sweden
Norway
United States
Spearman's rho = -0.6065
80
Chile
Korea, south
Brazil
Slovenia
Germany
India Sri Lanka
Peru
Poland
Spain
60
Czech Republic Ukraine
Colombia
Mongolia Russia
Romania
Portugal
Italy
Slovakia
Papua New Guinea
Croatia Turkey
Argentina
Bulgaria
Georgia
Uganda Philippines
Ghana Serbia
Namibia
Mexico
Botswana Indonesia
Guatemala
Jordan
Macedonia Kenya Egypt
Bangladesh
Costa Rica Malawi
Tanzania Nepal
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Azerbaijan
40
Thailand
Liberia
Malaysia
Kazakhstan Pakistan
Nicaragua
El Salvador
Zambia
Mali
Timor-Leste Venezuela
Trinidad and Tobago Albania
Lebanon
Ecuador
Mozambique Morocco
Angola
Yemen
20
Afghanistan
Nigeria
Cambodia
Kyrgyz republic
Dominican Republic Vietnam
Bolivia China
Honduras Rwanda
Sudan
Congo, dem. Rep.
Burkina Faso
Senegal Niger
Cameroon
Algeria Saudi Arabia
0
Chad Iraq Fiji Equatorial Guinea
0 50 100 150
Press Freedom Rank (the lower the better)
4. STARTING WITH SIMPLE CONCEPTS
Government
Electoral Process Contestability of Markets
Media Expertise
Education Independence
What are the Goods in
Question and how are they Service
Citizens provided? Delivery
Agents
5. BUDGET CYCLE: CREATING BETTER INCENTIVES
THROUGH PARTICIPATORY MONITORING
Budget Formulation
Participatory Budget Planning
Performance Civic Budget Review & Analysis
Monitoring
Engagement Participatory review: Do
Participatory Monitoring, allocations match announced
Score Cards social commitments?
Budget/Expenditure
Tracking
Participatory PETS
6. IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
THOUGH PARTICIPATORY MEASURES:
WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE?
Olken (2007)
Community-Based Monitoring of rural roads in 600 villages in Indonesia
An average of 24 percent of road expenditure were estimated to be diverted, which
were reduced by 8 percentage points where audits were pre-announced and with
insignificant reductions where participation was carried out without the audit.
Bjoerkman and Svensson (2007)
Community-Based Monitoring of Health Service Providers in 50 communities in
Uganda
Quality and quantity of health service provision improved through Citizen Report
Cards; 1.7 percent lower deaths of children under 5 in control group
Luo, Zhang, Huang and Rozelle (2010)
Examined the relationship between direct elections and investments in public
goods in 2450 villages in China
Directly elected village leaders implement more public goods projects compared
to non-elected leaders
7. IMPROVING SYSTEMS, PROCESSES AND
PRACTICES IN PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION
Value of global construction industry to increase to $12 trillion p.a. by
2020 (13.2 per cent of global GDP) - Global Construction 2020
Mismanagement, inefficiency and corruption can account for 10 -
30% of a construction project's value - OECD, TI
Construction Sector Transparency Initiative (CoST) : A participatory,
multi-stakeholder, multi-national framework to improve transparency and
accountability in public construction
Hypothesis (similar to Bjoerkman and Svensson): lack of reliable
and structured information and organizational capacity constrain
service delivery improvements (here transparency in construction
sector)
Pilot Phase: 2008 – early 2011
Country Participants: Ethiopia, Guatemala, Malawi, Philippines,
Tanzania, UK, Vietnam and Zambia
Locally constituted multi-stakeholder group (MSG)
oversees application of disclosure and assurance protocols
8. BRINGING TOGETHER TRANSPARENCY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
Improve transparency through Encourage informed
public disclosure and reaction to create
assurance of relevant demand for improved
information efficiency and quality
Disclosure
Informed Reaction
Assurance
Accountability
9. COST PRINCIPLES
Promote transparency and accountability in publicly
financed construction projects
Implement a multi-stakeholder approach that incorporates
representatives from public and private sector as well as civil
society
Collect, verify and interpret disclosed project information
along the full construction value-chain
Disseminate information through public forums/channels
Voluntary and flexible implementation of these principles
10. COST PROCESS
DISCLOSURE
Procuring entity regularly discloses “Material
Project Information” (MPI).
ASSURANCE
Assurance Team is responsible for assessing the
adequacy and reliability of project information
disclosures, and identifying “areas for concern”
REPORTING
Assurance Team publishes reports to disclose to
the wider public its main findings
11. WORKING ACROSS THE VALUE-CHAIN
Program & Completion &
Identification Design Procurement Implementation
Budget Operation
Project Tender Contract Updates, Completion
identification, request, award Variations details
Owner, Budget, Design during
Justification available construction
Assurance
Reports
12. MATERIAL PROJECT INFORMATION
Project purpose For Main Works
Location of project Name of main contractor
Intended beneficiaries
Contract price
Specifications
Contract scope of work
Budget
Contract program
Engineer’s estimate
Significant changes in contract (PS)
Tender process (project supervision)
Significant changes in contract, price (MW)
Tender procedure
No. expressing interest
Significant changes in contract, program
(MW)
No. shortlisted
Details of any reward for main contract
No. submitting tender
Actual contract price
Tender process (main works)
Tender procedure
Total payments made
No. expressing interest Actual contract scope of work
No. shortlisted Actual contract program
No. submitting tender Other documents
For Project Supervision Feasibility Study
Name of main consultant Financing agreement
Contract price Tender evaluation report
Contract scope of work
Project evaluation reports
Contract program
13. HOW CAN DISCLOSURE HELP?
Detect possible collusive behavior
No. expressing interest
Participation of bidders
Names of winning bidders
Compare construction costs across bidders/geographic
areas
Compare efficiency of construction (time/cost overruns)
Deterrent effect
14. WHICH CAN RESULT IN:
Reduced corruption
Reduced construction costs
Improvement in quality
A level playing field
Increased competition (more participants)
Boost in investor confidence
Improved taxpayer satisfaction
Reduced poverty through economic growth
16. ASSURANCE PROCESS IN PILOT -
TYPICAL ISSUES HIGHLIGHTED FOR ATTENTION BY
ASSURANCE REPORTS
17. REASONS FOR TIME OVERRUNS
Projects finishing
No information in less time than
returned, 17% contracted, 4%
Projects finishing
on time, 19%
Projects finishing
more than 100%
over time, 19% Projects finishing
up to 100% over
time , 40%
18. CoST Implementation Path
Implementation
Project information &
Preparation assurance findings
Country CoST disclosed – on progressive
program basis until sustainable as
Engagement prepared and government system
initiated
Gaining
awareness of
CoST
19. COST INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE
– REVISED NOV-2011
CoST Board
International
Secretariat
Delegate Assembly
Implementing International
Countries Stakeholders
Editor's Notes
The country CoST Program aims to establish a public disclosure process for the construction sector which is viable and appropriate to country conditions, sustainable in the medium and long-term as a government system, and which has a credible and substantial level of compliance in the relevant sector entities. It also aims to ensure that the disclosure process is effective in stimulating an active demand for accountability of construction entities and that this results in improved performance in the entities and in public construction projects.The purpose of the global CoST program is to form a partnership for countries establishing processes that allow public access to reliable information on public construction projects, create a better understanding of issues affecting value for money, and encourage interaction with stakeholders that raises the accountability of public entities for performance and integrity in public construction. The global program will administer international funds to provide technical guidance and technical support to participating countries, provide a global forum for exchange of knowledge and experience, and run a framework for evaluating and recognizing the performance of participating countries.
CoSTprovides support to governments to put systems in place that allow public access to reliable and detailed construction project information.support to multi-stakeholder groups to oversee the validation and interpretation of the information and to build the capacity of the target audiences to understand its implications. Empowered with information and understanding, stakeholders (citizens, media, parliament, oversight agencies) raise challenges over instances of poor performance, perceived mismanagement or corruption: where possible, they will demand better project outcomes, savings, and more effective and efficient governance systems for delivery.Government responds to the concerns by commissioning audits into specific projects or wider reviews into the performance of an agency or the sector as a whole: it will have information to investigate alleged incidents of mismanagement and corruption and subsequently act to sanction staff or prosecute offenders.Governments and agencies then improve corporate and project governance by building capacity in procuring entities to improve project outcomes and by improving operational procedures and regulations.These actions should encourage and enable positive changes in behaviour in procuring entities (better management and less corruption) and possibly attract new companies into the market (more genuine competition) leading to better use of public funds, lower costs, reduced time in delivery, better quality projects and improved certainty of outcomes.
CoST PrinciplesA multi-stakeholder initiative promoting transparency and accountability in publicly financed construction projects.Offering procedures that improve and broaden information disclosure .Expert verification and interpretation of information collected.Findings disseminated through public forums/channels.
Assurance team ‘assures’ ex post that project data and analysis - from the feasibility study through variation orders - are accurate, appropriate and justifiable. Ensuring that “must-have” ex post evaluation and review is present. ‘Institutional failure’ can be corrected and social trust garnered through CoST’s participatory framework.But this process must be internalized to ensure sustainability Enhances the credibility of “project preparation steps” by making info available across the full project cycle from design through implementationAdditional state-owned investigation is required to classify the ‘type’ of irregularity present
Baseline studies revealed that only half information required to be disclosed under current legislation is actually disclosed.Information on over 200 projects across 29 procuring entities was collected, verified and disclosed.Significant inefficiency and mismanagement identified throughout the construction cycle.Major causes of concern: unjustifiably long timeand high costs overruns; and low levels of competitive bidding.Current emphasis on procurement reform is a necessary but not a sufficient focus for improving efficiency and obtaining better value for money in public construction.