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Social security presentation
The 1935 Social Security Act aimed to establish an income system for older persons to continue supporting themselves financially and provide basic protection for those most in need. It is financed through payroll taxes on employees and employers and provides benefits for retired and disabled workers through programs like OASI, DI, and HI. While not intended as a sole source of retirement, it aims to prevent poverty and uphold social responsibility and equity based on contributions. Current workers support current beneficiaries, though projections show the ratio of workers to retirees declining, raising questions about its sustainability.
Basic income
Presentation on basic income delivered by Frances Coppola to STUC Decent Work, Dignified Lives conference on 15 October.
If the Social Security retirement system was a private retirement sy.pdf
If the Social Security retirement system was a private retirement system, it would be declared
bankrupt. Discuss why this is so and why the Social Security system can continue to pay benefits
despite the fact that it can be considered bankrupt. Discuss why the Social Security tax rate has
increased so much in recent years. What measures could be taken to reduce the Social Security
payroll tax rate?
Solution
Social Security System Definition-
A system of federally funded services and payments to help support the needy ,the aged and the
temporarily unemployed as well as providing support for needy, dependent, disabled ,or
neglected children, rehabilitation for the disabled ,and a host of other social services. The system
was established as part of the new Deal and is funded by payroll taxes paid by workers and
employers.
Social Security is funded through payroll taxes called Federal insurance contributions Act
Tax(FICA) or self employed contributions Act(SECA).Tax deposits are collected by the internal
revenue service(IRS) and are formally entrusted to the Federal Old –Age and survivors insurance
Trust Fund,the Federal Disability insurance Trust Fund,the Federal Hospital insurance trust
Fund,or the fedral supplementary medical insurance trustFund which make up the social Security
Trust Funds.with a few exceptions ,all salaried income ,up to an amount specifically determined
by law has a FICA or SECA tax collected on it .All income over said amount is not taxed ,for
2015 the maximum amount of taxable earning is $118,500
Social Security\'s financial situation hasn\'t changed much since last year, according to the
annual Trustee\'s Report released last week.
· There is enough money in the Social Security trust fund to pay full retirement benefits
through 2033. After that, payroll taxes at current levels will bring in about 75 percent of the
money required to pay Social Security\'s obligations.
What measures could be taken to reduce the Social Security payroll tax rate?
America\'s Social Security system is in serious trouble. Payroll tax rates have been increased 17
times in the past 40 years, yet promised benefits exceed projected revenues by trillions of dollars.
Moreover, Social Security has become an increasingly bad deal for American workers who must
pay record high taxes to a system that provides only meager levels of income for their retirement
years. Even worse, there is no way to fix the current system to remedy these problems.
Additional payroll taxes or benefit reductions would address the massive long-term deficit, but
only by making the system an even poorer investment for working Americans; and raising
benefits or cutting taxes, both of which could improve the rate of return for workers, would
catapult Social Security into bankruptcy even sooner.
The only answer to these seemingly intractable problems is to privatize the Social Security
system. Countries around the world, including Chile, Australia, Mexico, Singapore, and Great
Britai.
LABOR SUPPLY RESPONSE TO THE EARNED INCOMETAX CREDITNAD.docx
LABOR SUPPLY RESPONSE TO THE EARNED INCOME
TAX CREDIT*
NADA EISSA AND JEFFREY B. LIEBMAN
This paper examines the impact of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86),
which included an expansion of the earned income tax credit, on the labor force
participation and hours of work of single women with children. We identify the
impact of TRA86 by comparing the change in labor supply of single women with
children to the change for single women without children. We find that between
1984-1986 and 1988-1990, single women with children increased their relative
labor force participation by up to 2.8 percentage points. We observe no change in
the relative hours worked by single women with children who were already in the
labor force.
Historically, the United States has chosen to provide a safety
net for families with children. Since 1935, Aid to Families with
Dependent Children (AFDC) has supplied cash welfare payments
to needy single-parent families. Families on AFDC may also re-
ceive food stamps, medicaid, and housing assistance. Because the
maximum level of benefits is received by families with no income
and because benefits are reduced almost dollar for dollar with
additional earnings,' the welfare system is predicted by static la-
bor supply theory to discourage the labor force participation and
hours of work of single parents. Existing empirical evidence
mostly confirms these theoretical predictions. 2
In a series of major expansions beginning in 1987, the earned
income tax credit (EITC) has emerged as a popular alternative
method for transferring income to needy families with children.
The EITC is a refundable credit; therefore, any credit due in ex-
cess of tax liability is refunded to the taxpayer in the form of a
tax refund check. In 1996 when the most recent expansion of the
EITC is scheduled to be fully phased in, the maximum credit will
reach $2206 for a taxpayer with one child and $3644 for a tax-
*We are grateful to Gary Chamberlain, David Cutler, Douglas Elmendorf,
Daniel Feenberg, Martin Feldstein, Judith Hellerstein, James Hines, Guido Im-
bens, Lawrence Katz, Brigitte Madrian, David Neumark, Marian Valliant, three
anonymous referees, and seminar participants at Harvard University, the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of California at Berkeley and
at Santa Cruz for useful suggestions. Liebman was supported by a National Sci-
ence Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.
1. For discussions of effective marginal tax rates from the welfare and tax
systems see Fraker, Moffitt, and Wolf [1985], Dickert, Houser, and Scholz [1994],
and Giannarelli and Steuerle [1994].
2. Moffitt [1992] and Danziger, Haveman, and Plotnick [1981] survey the em-
pirical literature.
© 1996 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology.
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1996.
at U
niversity of C
alifornia, D
avis on A
pril 12, 2015
http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/
D
ow
nloaded f ...
Retrieved from httpwww.socialwelfarehistory.comrecollections.docx
Retrieved from: http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/recollections/current-issues-and-programs-in-social-welfare/ 1
Bottom of Form
Current Issues and Programs in Social Welfare
by Dr. Jerry Marx, Social Work Department, University of New Hampshire
Social Insurance Programs
Social Security
American social welfare, thanks to Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Social Security Act of 1935, is furthered currently by two major categories of cash support programs: social insurances? and public assistance?.1 Social insurances are based on the prior earnings and payroll contributions of an individual, while public assistance, commonly known as “welfare,” is based on the financial need of an individual. The primary social insurance programs today in America are Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance, Unemployment Insurance, and Workers Compensation.
Let’s begin with ((Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance)), commonly referred to as “social security.” Social security, like other social insurances, is an example of a “universal” program, because American citizens are entitled to participate in the program as a social right.2 In other words, program participation in not based on financial need. Social security constituted one-fifth of all federal government spending in 1995.3 In that year, a total of $332.6 billion was spent on the program. Funding for social security actually comes from a payroll tax, which is shared in an equal proportion by the employer and employee. A practice begun during the Nixon Administration, social security benefits are adjusted when the cost of living increases.4
To receive benefits, a person must contribute payroll taxes during their working years.5 Those individuals contributing payroll taxes for a minimum of 10 years (i.e., 40 quarters in social security eligibility terms) are covered permanently under the program. Individual benefit levels are determined by the level of covered earnings (i.e., how much money paid in) and the age of retirement.
The “disability insurance” part of social security assists adults between the ages of 18 and 64 who are unable to engage in substantial employment.6 When the individual turns 65 years of age, “disability benefits” automatically become “old-age” benefits. To receive disability benefits, an individual must show medical proof of a disability and proof that the disability prevents “gainful employment.” “Survivors insurance” covers children under 18 years of age, dependent parents, and dependent widowers or widows. These categories of recipients receive benefits when an insured worker dies.
A fundamental point to remember is that social security is a very effective anti-poverty program! Most recipients are raised above the poverty line by social security. In 1992, only 14% of people aged 65 or older lived in poverty in the United States – thanks in large part to social security benefits!7
Unemployment Insurance
Unemployment insurance is a second major social insurance progra ...
Social-Security Part of Your Retirement
Social Security's financial projections have been increasingly criticized for underestimating costs and overestimating revenues. A recent study showed the Social Security Agency has gone off course by $27 trillion since 2000. While the Social Security Administration defends its methods, other analysts and the Congressional Budget Office no longer rely on Social Security's estimates. This raises concerns about Social Security's long-term solvency as its trust funds are projected to be depleted by 2033, potentially requiring a dramatic reduction in benefits. Investors are advised to plan for reduced or delayed Social Security benefits and focus on maximizing non-Social Security retirement income sources.
Canada Pension Plan Pros And Cons
Lester B. Pearson served as Prime Minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968. During his time as prime minister, he made significant changes that improved life for Canadians. He established universal healthcare across Canada, which provided medical coverage for all citizens. Pearson also oversaw the creation of Canada's new national flag and anthem, unifying national symbols that many Canadians identify with today. Additionally, he laid the groundwork for official bilingualism and multiculturalism as key principles in Canadian society and government. Pearson's changes helped modernize Canada and establish policies that promote inclusiveness, equality, and national pride for all citizens.
Chapter 10 social insurance programs
This chapter explores the major forms of social insurance in the United States: Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI); Unemployment Insurance (UI); and Workers’ Compensation. In addition, this chapter explores some of the major issues and problems surrounding social insurance programs.
Recommended
Social security presentation
The 1935 Social Security Act aimed to establish an income system for older persons to continue supporting themselves financially and provide basic protection for those most in need. It is financed through payroll taxes on employees and employers and provides benefits for retired and disabled workers through programs like OASI, DI, and HI. While not intended as a sole source of retirement, it aims to prevent poverty and uphold social responsibility and equity based on contributions. Current workers support current beneficiaries, though projections show the ratio of workers to retirees declining, raising questions about its sustainability.
Basic income
Presentation on basic income delivered by Frances Coppola to STUC Decent Work, Dignified Lives conference on 15 October.
If the Social Security retirement system was a private retirement sy.pdf
If the Social Security retirement system was a private retirement system, it would be declared
bankrupt. Discuss why this is so and why the Social Security system can continue to pay benefits
despite the fact that it can be considered bankrupt. Discuss why the Social Security tax rate has
increased so much in recent years. What measures could be taken to reduce the Social Security
payroll tax rate?
Solution
Social Security System Definition-
A system of federally funded services and payments to help support the needy ,the aged and the
temporarily unemployed as well as providing support for needy, dependent, disabled ,or
neglected children, rehabilitation for the disabled ,and a host of other social services. The system
was established as part of the new Deal and is funded by payroll taxes paid by workers and
employers.
Social Security is funded through payroll taxes called Federal insurance contributions Act
Tax(FICA) or self employed contributions Act(SECA).Tax deposits are collected by the internal
revenue service(IRS) and are formally entrusted to the Federal Old –Age and survivors insurance
Trust Fund,the Federal Disability insurance Trust Fund,the Federal Hospital insurance trust
Fund,or the fedral supplementary medical insurance trustFund which make up the social Security
Trust Funds.with a few exceptions ,all salaried income ,up to an amount specifically determined
by law has a FICA or SECA tax collected on it .All income over said amount is not taxed ,for
2015 the maximum amount of taxable earning is $118,500
Social Security\'s financial situation hasn\'t changed much since last year, according to the
annual Trustee\'s Report released last week.
· There is enough money in the Social Security trust fund to pay full retirement benefits
through 2033. After that, payroll taxes at current levels will bring in about 75 percent of the
money required to pay Social Security\'s obligations.
What measures could be taken to reduce the Social Security payroll tax rate?
America\'s Social Security system is in serious trouble. Payroll tax rates have been increased 17
times in the past 40 years, yet promised benefits exceed projected revenues by trillions of dollars.
Moreover, Social Security has become an increasingly bad deal for American workers who must
pay record high taxes to a system that provides only meager levels of income for their retirement
years. Even worse, there is no way to fix the current system to remedy these problems.
Additional payroll taxes or benefit reductions would address the massive long-term deficit, but
only by making the system an even poorer investment for working Americans; and raising
benefits or cutting taxes, both of which could improve the rate of return for workers, would
catapult Social Security into bankruptcy even sooner.
The only answer to these seemingly intractable problems is to privatize the Social Security
system. Countries around the world, including Chile, Australia, Mexico, Singapore, and Great
Britai.
LABOR SUPPLY RESPONSE TO THE EARNED INCOMETAX CREDITNAD.docx
LABOR SUPPLY RESPONSE TO THE EARNED INCOME
TAX CREDIT*
NADA EISSA AND JEFFREY B. LIEBMAN
This paper examines the impact of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86),
which included an expansion of the earned income tax credit, on the labor force
participation and hours of work of single women with children. We identify the
impact of TRA86 by comparing the change in labor supply of single women with
children to the change for single women without children. We find that between
1984-1986 and 1988-1990, single women with children increased their relative
labor force participation by up to 2.8 percentage points. We observe no change in
the relative hours worked by single women with children who were already in the
labor force.
Historically, the United States has chosen to provide a safety
net for families with children. Since 1935, Aid to Families with
Dependent Children (AFDC) has supplied cash welfare payments
to needy single-parent families. Families on AFDC may also re-
ceive food stamps, medicaid, and housing assistance. Because the
maximum level of benefits is received by families with no income
and because benefits are reduced almost dollar for dollar with
additional earnings,' the welfare system is predicted by static la-
bor supply theory to discourage the labor force participation and
hours of work of single parents. Existing empirical evidence
mostly confirms these theoretical predictions. 2
In a series of major expansions beginning in 1987, the earned
income tax credit (EITC) has emerged as a popular alternative
method for transferring income to needy families with children.
The EITC is a refundable credit; therefore, any credit due in ex-
cess of tax liability is refunded to the taxpayer in the form of a
tax refund check. In 1996 when the most recent expansion of the
EITC is scheduled to be fully phased in, the maximum credit will
reach $2206 for a taxpayer with one child and $3644 for a tax-
*We are grateful to Gary Chamberlain, David Cutler, Douglas Elmendorf,
Daniel Feenberg, Martin Feldstein, Judith Hellerstein, James Hines, Guido Im-
bens, Lawrence Katz, Brigitte Madrian, David Neumark, Marian Valliant, three
anonymous referees, and seminar participants at Harvard University, the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of California at Berkeley and
at Santa Cruz for useful suggestions. Liebman was supported by a National Sci-
ence Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.
1. For discussions of effective marginal tax rates from the welfare and tax
systems see Fraker, Moffitt, and Wolf [1985], Dickert, Houser, and Scholz [1994],
and Giannarelli and Steuerle [1994].
2. Moffitt [1992] and Danziger, Haveman, and Plotnick [1981] survey the em-
pirical literature.
© 1996 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology.
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1996.
at U
niversity of C
alifornia, D
avis on A
pril 12, 2015
http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/
D
ow
nloaded f ...
Retrieved from httpwww.socialwelfarehistory.comrecollections.docx
Retrieved from: http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/recollections/current-issues-and-programs-in-social-welfare/ 1
Bottom of Form
Current Issues and Programs in Social Welfare
by Dr. Jerry Marx, Social Work Department, University of New Hampshire
Social Insurance Programs
Social Security
American social welfare, thanks to Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Social Security Act of 1935, is furthered currently by two major categories of cash support programs: social insurances? and public assistance?.1 Social insurances are based on the prior earnings and payroll contributions of an individual, while public assistance, commonly known as “welfare,” is based on the financial need of an individual. The primary social insurance programs today in America are Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance, Unemployment Insurance, and Workers Compensation.
Let’s begin with ((Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance)), commonly referred to as “social security.” Social security, like other social insurances, is an example of a “universal” program, because American citizens are entitled to participate in the program as a social right.2 In other words, program participation in not based on financial need. Social security constituted one-fifth of all federal government spending in 1995.3 In that year, a total of $332.6 billion was spent on the program. Funding for social security actually comes from a payroll tax, which is shared in an equal proportion by the employer and employee. A practice begun during the Nixon Administration, social security benefits are adjusted when the cost of living increases.4
To receive benefits, a person must contribute payroll taxes during their working years.5 Those individuals contributing payroll taxes for a minimum of 10 years (i.e., 40 quarters in social security eligibility terms) are covered permanently under the program. Individual benefit levels are determined by the level of covered earnings (i.e., how much money paid in) and the age of retirement.
The “disability insurance” part of social security assists adults between the ages of 18 and 64 who are unable to engage in substantial employment.6 When the individual turns 65 years of age, “disability benefits” automatically become “old-age” benefits. To receive disability benefits, an individual must show medical proof of a disability and proof that the disability prevents “gainful employment.” “Survivors insurance” covers children under 18 years of age, dependent parents, and dependent widowers or widows. These categories of recipients receive benefits when an insured worker dies.
A fundamental point to remember is that social security is a very effective anti-poverty program! Most recipients are raised above the poverty line by social security. In 1992, only 14% of people aged 65 or older lived in poverty in the United States – thanks in large part to social security benefits!7
Unemployment Insurance
Unemployment insurance is a second major social insurance progra ...
Social-Security Part of Your Retirement
Social Security's financial projections have been increasingly criticized for underestimating costs and overestimating revenues. A recent study showed the Social Security Agency has gone off course by $27 trillion since 2000. While the Social Security Administration defends its methods, other analysts and the Congressional Budget Office no longer rely on Social Security's estimates. This raises concerns about Social Security's long-term solvency as its trust funds are projected to be depleted by 2033, potentially requiring a dramatic reduction in benefits. Investors are advised to plan for reduced or delayed Social Security benefits and focus on maximizing non-Social Security retirement income sources.
Canada Pension Plan Pros And Cons
Lester B. Pearson served as Prime Minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968. During his time as prime minister, he made significant changes that improved life for Canadians. He established universal healthcare across Canada, which provided medical coverage for all citizens. Pearson also oversaw the creation of Canada's new national flag and anthem, unifying national symbols that many Canadians identify with today. Additionally, he laid the groundwork for official bilingualism and multiculturalism as key principles in Canadian society and government. Pearson's changes helped modernize Canada and establish policies that promote inclusiveness, equality, and national pride for all citizens.
Chapter 10 social insurance programs
This chapter explores the major forms of social insurance in the United States: Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI); Unemployment Insurance (UI); and Workers’ Compensation. In addition, this chapter explores some of the major issues and problems surrounding social insurance programs.
Social Security
This document discusses the history and current state of Social Security in the United States. It provides background on how Social Security was established in the 1930s to provide economic security for older Americans. It also discusses criticisms of the current Social Security system and various proposals for reforming it, including partially privatizing accounts or raising taxes. Projections show the system will face a funding shortfall in coming decades as more baby boomers retire.
Understand Social Security Benefits
Social security benefits provide retirement, disability, and survivor benefits that are funded through payroll taxes called FICA. The social security program had over 54 million beneficiaries and 157 million workers contributing in 2020, with 44 million receiving retirement benefits and 10 million receiving disability benefits. The social security system has improved benefits since its establishment in 1935 to help address risks like old age, poverty, unemployment, and support for widows and children.
Second World War Effects On Canada Essay
This document discusses how legal assistance may be needed for residents in Abbotsford, BC seeking advice on pension division governed by benefits and pension law. Changes affecting survivors, limited members and maturing pensions require clarification on available division options and drafting pension arrangements. Legal services can provide advice on public and private pension plans like CPP, RRSP, LIF and help navigate guidelines for disability, spouse pension sharing and continuing benefits according to the General Drop out Provision. Expert legal guidance is important for navigating recent CPP changes in pension law reform, particularly for division cases.
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The role of government is to provide support programs as part of transitioning people into new careers. This presentation looks at CERB and EI programs.
ConsideranIRA
Individual retirement accounts (IRAs) offer a tax-advantaged way for workers of any income to save for retirement. There are three main benefits to contributing to an IRA: 1) tax deferral allows savings to grow over time without paying taxes on investment earnings until retirement; 2) IRAs provide flexibility as workers can choose their contribution amount and timing and have options like traditional or Roth IRAs; 3) workers can roll over assets from employer 401(k) plans to an IRA when changing jobs to continue saving for retirement without tax penalties. As of 2015, over 40 million U.S. households had IRAs with a total of $7.3 trillion invested, showing their importance as one part of a multi-
The American Academy of Actuaries is a 17,000-member profess.docx
The American Academy of Actuaries is a 17,000-member
professional association whose mission is to serve the public
and the U.S. actuarial profession. The Academy assists public
policymakers on all levels by providing leadership, objective
expertise, and actuarial advice on risk and financial security
issues. The Academy also sets qualification, practice, and pro-
fessionalism standards for actuaries in the United States.
©2012 The American Academy of Actuaries.
All Rights Reserved.
1850 M Street NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036
Tel 202 223 8196, Fax 202 872 1948
www.actuary.org
Mary Downs, Executive Director
Craig Hanna, Director of Public Policy
Don Fuerst, Senior Pension Fellow
David Goldfarb, Pension Policy Analyst
Means Testing for Social Security
Since Social Security was established in 1935, the program has paid benefits to all retired participants and beneficiaries under
uniform formulas based on participants’ wages in covered employ-
ment, without regard to recipients’ wealth or other non-wage in-
come. This concept of Social Security as an earned right has helped
ensure its high level of public support.
Public attention increasingly has focused on Social Security’s
long-range financial problems. According to the most recent report
of the Social Security trustees, by the fourth decade of this century
the program will not have enough money to pay all benefits when
due. A wide variety of possible reforms has been proposed to elimi-
nate or reduce Social Security’s long-range financial deficit.
Among these proposed reforms is reducing or eliminating bene-
fits for wealthy and/or high-income participants and beneficiaries,
generally called “means testing.” Advocates of means testing note
that reducing or eliminating benefits for those whose income or as-
sets exceed certain thresholds would help preserve Social Security
as a safety net for those who truly need it.
This proposal raises some important issues:
n Would such a profound change in philosophy weaken public
support for the program?
n How would such a change alter the balance between individual
equity and social adequacy?
n Would other factors reduce the expected financial gains from
means testing?
n How would means testing be administered?
MA R C H 2 0 0 9
American Academy of Actuaries
DECEMBER 2012
Key Points
n Means testing would reduce benefits
to par ticipants whose current income
or assets exceed specified thresholds.
n Advocates argue that means testing
would reduce costs to the Social
Security program. But such a move
could have serious unintended
consequences, including erosion of
public suppor t for Social Security,
savings disincentives during working
years, and administrative complexity.
n Social Security already includes an
“earnings test” based on the principle
that Social Security payments
should replace lost earnings, and it
is therefore appropriate to reduce
benefits for those whose earnings
indicate th.
ForRicherForPoorerRetirementIncomes2WEB
This document summarizes a white paper from the Actuaries Institute on retirement incomes in Australia. Key findings include:
1. The superannuation system is generally doing what it was designed to do but will not deliver a comfortable retirement for all.
2. The least wealthy sections will continue to rely entirely on the Age Pension for a modest lifestyle. Younger cohorts will be marginally better off.
3. The average taxpayer subsidy via the Age Pension will reduce for future retirees due to the Superannuation Guarantee. This will partly offset rising costs of the Age Pension.
Suncorp Public Submission Inquiry into Microeconomic Reform Issues Paper
This document is a submission from Suncorp to the Economic Regulation Authority of Western Australia regarding microeconomic reform in the state. Suncorp recommends introducing private capital into the workers compensation scheme for government agencies and the compulsory third party insurance scheme. This would drive greater investment and competition in the schemes. Suncorp also supports disability reform initiatives that could increase workforce participation rates in Western Australia. Microeconomic reforms of the statutory insurance market, including the potential privatization of schemes, could improve productivity in the large financial and insurance services sector and benefit the Western Australian economy.
A Brief Note On Pension And Pension Liability
OMERS is one of Canada's largest pension funds with over $72 billion in net assets and manages two investment platforms, Borealis Infrastructure and OMERS Private Equity, to generate returns and help deliver strong pensions to its members. The analyst's co-op role provided support to the finance team through preparing journal entries, reconciliations, cash forecasts, and reports as well as reviewing financial data and developing budgets to assist with financial reporting.
Social security
Social Security provides retirement, disability, and survivor benefits funded by payroll taxes and is the primary source of income for most elderly Americans. It has four trust funds and covers over 157 million workers, paying out benefits to over 56 million recipients. While the program faces challenges in coming decades due to increasing numbers of retirees, there are differing views on potential reforms such as privatization of accounts or reductions in benefits.
France
This document provides an overview of the social protection system in France. It discusses the origins of the modern social security system in France dating back to the late 19th century. It describes how the current system was established after World War II, combining elements of the Bismarck and Beveridge models. The social protection system in France is comprised of four main branches - illness, old age/retirement, family, and work accident/occupational disease. It is financed through social contributions and assigned taxes, and provides allowances and benefits to citizens to protect them against various social risks.
Chapter 10 social insurance programs updated
The document discusses the differences between social insurance programs and public assistance programs. Social insurance programs such as Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance require contributions from beneficiaries and employers. Benefits are paid as legal entitlements regardless of wealth. Public assistance programs like Medicaid and food stamps are funded by tax revenues and require means testing to determine eligibility based on income and assets. The document also provides details on specific social insurance programs.
ABI Welfare Reform report 2014
- The document discusses welfare reform and the role of income protection insurance. It notes that the current welfare system assumes households will take responsibility for their own financial safety nets, but many do not.
- Around 1 million workers become unable to work each year due to illness or injury. Income protection insurance, provided through employers, can help replace lost income and support households, businesses, and the economy.
- Alternative models combining state support and private insurance need to be explored to make household income safety nets clear and meet diverse needs, while reducing welfare costs. Income protection insurance should be part of the solution.
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The American Academy of Actuaries is a 17,000-member profess.docx
The American Academy of Actuaries is a 17,000-member
professional association whose mission is to serve the public
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©2012 The American Academy of Actuaries.
All Rights Reserved.
1850 M Street NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036
Tel 202 223 8196, Fax 202 872 1948
www.actuary.org
Mary Downs, Executive Director
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