Stop motion animation is a technique where physically manipulated objects are photographed in small increments to create the illusion of movement when played as a continuous sequence. Clay figures are commonly used due to their ease of repositioning, and this type of animation is called clay animation. The document then analyzes several examples of stop motion animation from 1980 to 2010, noting improvements over time in areas like character and background clarity, synchronization of movement and sound, use of props, and facial expressions.