Stephen Hinton: Fiscal Approaches to driving change
•
0 likes•581 views
Johtaja Stephen Hintonin, The Swedish Sustainable Economy Foundation, esitys Fiscal Approaches to driving change Sitran, BSAG:n ja LUT:n tilaisuudessa Ravinteiden kierrätys kiertotalouden ytimessä 11.5.2015.
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to Stephen Hinton: Fiscal Approaches to driving change
Similar to Stephen Hinton: Fiscal Approaches to driving change (20)
More from Sitra / Ekologinen kestävyys
More from Sitra / Ekologinen kestävyys (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Stephen Hinton: Fiscal Approaches to driving change
- 1. Fiscal Approaches to driving change Stephen Hinton The Swedish Sustainable Economy Foundation TSSEF.se
- 2. Congestion • - Used materials pile up • - Accumulation in wrong places
- 3. 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 Case study phosphorous 4
- 4. 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 Case study phosphorous 4 €2/kg €20/kg €600/kg
- 5. 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 Case study phosphorous 4 €2/kg €20/kg €600/kg
- 6. The case FOR Pollutant surcharges Stimulates investment in circular technology Creates jobs in the country with nutrient recovery Preparedness for future shortages Infrastructure change takes time
- 7. The case AGAINST Pollutant surcharges – Undermines infrastructure investment – Might be inefficient – Very unpopular : poor people pay more for food, etc. – Technology exists, but is unintegrated
- 8. CAN WE GET MODERN?
- 9. Jay Wright Forrester Why General Electric’s factories show inexplicable cycles NOT TIME AND MOTION BUT SYSTEMS
- 12. Complex systems are simple to control if you intervene at the right points Citizens State 1 4 3 5 2 Enterprises including banks Municipality ATTENUATORS/Surcharges 1. VAT RATE CHANGES 2. IMPORT FEE ON POLLUTANTS 3. INTEREST RATE FEE ON MORTGAGE 4. Dividend to citizens 5. Property deed transfer fees 6. Municipal charges 6
- 13. target Too little, RAISE fee Too fast, LOWER fee DIVIDEND BEARING POLLUTANT SURCHARGES
- 14. LILLIPUT DECLARATION Per capita Ambition Instrument Carbon dioxide 11 ton 0,25 ton Import surcharge 100 P import in chemicals 1 kg P 0,5kg Import surcharge 100 P Emissions 0,3 kg P zero Property waste emission surcharge 100 The Government of Lilliput has decided to introduce a circular economy for phosphorus. In 12 turns of the clock the land will halve its dependence on imported phosphorus and reduce emissions from human activity to zero. The Government is appointing an Emissions Dividend Commission to • Raise or lower pollutant surcharges and decide on distribution of the collected fees to citizens. • Ensure prosperity of citizens whilst reducing dependence on imports of non-renewables and ensuring emissions abate.
- 15. Pollutant surcharge simulations GOVERNMENT FOOD PRODUCERS PROPERTY OWNERS TRANSPORTERS THE VOTING PUBLIC SCORE-KEEPING
- 16. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4 Those who invested made more profit Those who kept prices low lost
- 17. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Start 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Prices Spend power Confidence in politicians varied – hard to see patterns
- 18. Some take-aways It is an economic and societal system Explore a modern route with: • Dynamic control • Computer power • Healthy diet • Land function • The Swedish Sustainable Economy Foundation • TSSEF.se • Stephen.hinton@tssef.se
- 19. Capital: • Infrastructure • Used in the provision of services. • It is not itself consumed.
- 20. Energy to operate, emissions Energy to make (emergy) Hi Hi Lo Lo Build once, use a hundred years (Hydropower, trains, trams) Use, recycle (Baskets) THE DRAIN (Cars) Energy sink! Replace (oil lamps)
- 21. Extra slides
- 22. 16/12/12 P C C N N Consumption Biological nutrients Services Technical nutrients A short introduction to circular economy P P
- 23. ECOLOGICAL MATURITY CLOSED MINERAL CYCLES ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHORUS NITROGEN ACCUMULATION LARGE BIOMASS •WOOD •LARGER ANIMALS •SOIL PRODUCTION •FUEL •WATER RETENTION NUTRIENT CONSERVATION •NUTRIENT-FREE WATER •NO LEAKAGE TO OTHER SYSTEMS DETRITUS PROCESSING •DECAY •FUNGI NICHE SPECIALISM •DIVERSITY
- 24. LEGAL ENTITYPROPERTY Extraction Import Nutrient transfer LEGAL ENTITY Product Sale 1 2 3 4 Points of surcharge 1. Import 2. Property nutrient performance 3. Extraction fee 4. Sales tax National Boundary
- 25. Price based Changes pricing in existing market and levers behavioural change Rights based Specifies new rights/obligations to lever behavioural change Market friction Behavioural change from making existing private markets work better E.g. changing taxes, introducing fees, giving subsidies E.g. introducing a Cap and Trade Scheme on emissions E.g. disclosing information by eco labeling, meat-free days Potential MBI levers Command and control Regulations Behaviour regulation through regulation and inspection E.g. limitations on NOx releases Types of food Fat taxes Amount of N applied Fertiliser taxes Surplus Taxes Land use change Land use subsidies and payments Emission rights trading Infrastructure adaptation Surplus Taxes Surplus Taxes Demand for Recycled N Fertiliser taxes Surplus Taxes
- 26. Demand for National food Disposable income VAT Personal taxes Planned Farm production Farm practices Regulations Fines Demand for imported food Food price Farm emissions Trade agreements Farm sector employment Job availability Subsidies Farm inputs costs N,P Recycling Types of food produced Demand for Type of food Market Friction intervention Import taxes Fees on inputs Pollution burden on society Unemployment costs Nitrogen availability Fee revenue Natural capital preservation Food affordabilty Employment Food sovereignty Land Use change Fossil fuel phase-out Remedial action Price control Best Available Technology (BAT) IPCC Diet choices Health Water Quality Trading Urban Waste water treatment System thinking
- 27. Demand for National food VAT Planned Farm production volume Farm practices Food price Farm emissions Types of food produced Demand for Type of food Market Friction intervention Price control Diet choices Health System intervention #1 The lower nitrogen- demanding diet The low nitrogen- demanding diet radically reduces farm emissions as meat and dairy farming emit proportionally more. A combination of price controls (e.g higher VAT on meat products) and information campaigns could influence demand.
- 28. Planned Farm production Farm practices Regulations Farm emissions Subsidies Farm inputs costs N,P Recycling Fees on inputs Pollution burden on society Nitrogen availability Fee revenue Land Use change Remedial action Best Available Technology (BAT) Water Quality Trading Urban Waste water treatment System intervention #2 The nitrogen-accumulating land area Paying for the public good of nutrient capture creates jobs in rural areas and creates a potential to recycle the nitrogen and phosphorus captured.