The potential impact of transitioning CDM units and activities to the Paris A...Oeko-Institut
The document discusses transitioning elements of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement. It provides an overview of key policy choices regarding transitioning regulatory documents, institutional arrangements, projects, and Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). The document estimates the potential supply of CERs and emission reductions from transitioning existing CDM projects and activities to the Paris Agreement. It finds the supply could be up to a few billion units depending on the transition options, with the majority coming from renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in India and Bangladesh. The implications for climate ambition and carbon markets are also addressed.
Approaches to lift sectoral mitigation potential with markets in transitionNewClimate Institute
The document discusses approaches to developing bilateral agreements for piloting sectoral carbon market mechanisms. It focuses on the power generation and building sectors in Chile and South Africa as potential pilot cases. Benchmark concepts are proposed for setting crediting thresholds in each sector based on existing mechanisms like the CDM but with modifications to increase environmental integrity and incentivize further mitigation actions. Bilateral agreements could help test sectoral market mechanisms during the current transition period for international carbon markets.
The document discusses the Industrial Emissions Directive which aims to regulate industrial emissions through permits and best available techniques. It outlines the key principles and mechanisms of the previous Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive that the new directive seeks to update and simplify. Concerns are raised that the proposed directive risks taking a "one size fits all" approach that does not sufficiently account for local conditions and technical characteristics. It is argued that the directive needs a more sustainable and pragmatic approach to ensure effective yet proportionate environmental protection.
This document provides an executive summary of a technical report analyzing environmental, technical, and market trends concerning eco-design of television devices. It discusses dominant and emerging display technologies, environmental impacts of TVs including energy use and hazardous materials, key performance indicators, and potential design improvements. It recommends benchmarking methods including using performance factors to set fleet-based benchmarks for manufacturers or combining minimum efficiency standards with mandatory comparison labels.
Counting for Large Property Portfolios | Sean Lockie icarb
The document summarizes presentations given at the Westminster Carbon counting conference in 2008. It discusses the need for standards in carbon accounting, presents three case studies of carbon accounting projects, and describes Atkins' development of a carbon manual to standardize their carbon services.
This document discusses WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) management in Thailand. It provides background on current WEEE flows, problems like improper handling, and estimates that around 80,000 tons of e-waste is generated per year. It then outlines Thailand's policy framework and projects to improve WEEE management, which includes developing a strategic plan with 5 strategies, conducting inventory studies, pilot collection programs, and developing regulations. The goal is to establish a comprehensive WEEE management system and law to properly collect, dismantle, recycle and dispose of e-waste in Thailand.
SAP Sapphire 2019: WEEE- SAP Recycling AdministrationVedant Borse
This document summarizes a presentation on the WEEE Directive for electrical waste compliance in Europe. The new directive expands the scope of covered products and replaces the 10 categories with 6 new categories effective August 2018. It will require producers to correctly classify their electrical products and report them to compliance schemes in European countries. SAP REA (Recycling Administration) was presented as a software solution to help companies like Agilent Technologies comply with the new directive through an integrated SAP system for recycling declarations, fee calculation, and reporting across regulations globally. Benefits of SAP REA include single system for WEEE declarations, master data management for regulations, and addressing multiple recycling compliance schemes.
The potential impact of transitioning CDM units and activities to the Paris A...Oeko-Institut
The document discusses transitioning elements of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement. It provides an overview of key policy choices regarding transitioning regulatory documents, institutional arrangements, projects, and Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). The document estimates the potential supply of CERs and emission reductions from transitioning existing CDM projects and activities to the Paris Agreement. It finds the supply could be up to a few billion units depending on the transition options, with the majority coming from renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in India and Bangladesh. The implications for climate ambition and carbon markets are also addressed.
Approaches to lift sectoral mitigation potential with markets in transitionNewClimate Institute
The document discusses approaches to developing bilateral agreements for piloting sectoral carbon market mechanisms. It focuses on the power generation and building sectors in Chile and South Africa as potential pilot cases. Benchmark concepts are proposed for setting crediting thresholds in each sector based on existing mechanisms like the CDM but with modifications to increase environmental integrity and incentivize further mitigation actions. Bilateral agreements could help test sectoral market mechanisms during the current transition period for international carbon markets.
The document discusses the Industrial Emissions Directive which aims to regulate industrial emissions through permits and best available techniques. It outlines the key principles and mechanisms of the previous Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive that the new directive seeks to update and simplify. Concerns are raised that the proposed directive risks taking a "one size fits all" approach that does not sufficiently account for local conditions and technical characteristics. It is argued that the directive needs a more sustainable and pragmatic approach to ensure effective yet proportionate environmental protection.
This document provides an executive summary of a technical report analyzing environmental, technical, and market trends concerning eco-design of television devices. It discusses dominant and emerging display technologies, environmental impacts of TVs including energy use and hazardous materials, key performance indicators, and potential design improvements. It recommends benchmarking methods including using performance factors to set fleet-based benchmarks for manufacturers or combining minimum efficiency standards with mandatory comparison labels.
Counting for Large Property Portfolios | Sean Lockie icarb
The document summarizes presentations given at the Westminster Carbon counting conference in 2008. It discusses the need for standards in carbon accounting, presents three case studies of carbon accounting projects, and describes Atkins' development of a carbon manual to standardize their carbon services.
This document discusses WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) management in Thailand. It provides background on current WEEE flows, problems like improper handling, and estimates that around 80,000 tons of e-waste is generated per year. It then outlines Thailand's policy framework and projects to improve WEEE management, which includes developing a strategic plan with 5 strategies, conducting inventory studies, pilot collection programs, and developing regulations. The goal is to establish a comprehensive WEEE management system and law to properly collect, dismantle, recycle and dispose of e-waste in Thailand.
SAP Sapphire 2019: WEEE- SAP Recycling AdministrationVedant Borse
This document summarizes a presentation on the WEEE Directive for electrical waste compliance in Europe. The new directive expands the scope of covered products and replaces the 10 categories with 6 new categories effective August 2018. It will require producers to correctly classify their electrical products and report them to compliance schemes in European countries. SAP REA (Recycling Administration) was presented as a software solution to help companies like Agilent Technologies comply with the new directive through an integrated SAP system for recycling declarations, fee calculation, and reporting across regulations globally. Benefits of SAP REA include single system for WEEE declarations, master data management for regulations, and addressing multiple recycling compliance schemes.
Incentive based collection of e-waste – Results from pilot implementation in ...Oeko-Institut
The document summarizes the results of a pilot program in Ghana that provided incentives for collectors to bring e-waste like cables to a collection center for recycling instead of burning them. Over 10 months, the program collected 27.3 tons of cables through 1,389 transactions. This established an alternative to burning e-waste and reduced emissions while benefiting collectors, recyclers, and the environment. The results demonstrate that incentive-based collection can successfully link informal collectors to formal recycling of e-waste.
The EffNet program focuses on developing a new type of energy- and resource-efficient production technology called foam forming for web products. The program involves partnerships between research institutes, universities, and companies to develop nanocellulose-based concepts and products. Significant resource savings are expected from foam forming, including up to 40% reduction in carbon and water footprints. The program demonstrates foam forming at various scales and explores applications for lightweight materials. It also aims to minimize production costs and environmental impacts through international collaboration and a concept-level approach.
Credits of the presentation are to the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
This presentation was included in the event kit of Green Bloggers Forum, held 7 June 2016 at the Cocoon Boutique Hotel, QC, Philippines. The DENR authorized all bloggers and participants to promote the information and materials during the event.
Ensuring Sustainability of Clean Development Mechanism Projects for Global Su...Aaron Burton
Burton, A. (2007) Ensuring Sustainability of Clean Development Mechanism Projects for Global
Sustainable Development. Presented at the IEMA Environmental Knowledge Exchange, Manchester.
http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iema.net%2Fstream.php%2Fdownload%2Fevents%2Fnorthwest%2F20071107%2FA.Burton.pdf&rct=j&q=aaron%20burton%20iema&ei=eJC9TeG_OIKLhQfUtqnPBQ&usg=AFQjCNFoh1EEmzEks-iMv3gZbtSV6NlmGw
Supporting the Chilean government in developing a NAMA proposalLeonardo ENERGY
Ecofys supported the Chilean government to develop a proposal for a NAMA in “self-supply energy systems based on non-conventional renewable energy” in Chile. The proposal was developed in cooperation with Fundación Chile and financed by the International Climate Initiative of the German government through the Mitigation Momentum project (www.mitigationmomentum.org). The development of the proposal was undertaken in a consultative process involving key governmental, private sector and civil society stakeholders, building on existing knowledge and initiatives in the sector as well as the government’s immediate and longer-term policy and development objectives.
The full study is available at ecofys.com
This document compares two cement plant revamp projects - Rezzato in Italy and Devnya in Bulgaria. Both were brownfield projects with similar strategic goals. Rezzato used direct execution with European contractors, while Devnya used a lump sum EPC contract with a Chinese contractor. Rezzato had better cost control and schedule performance due to direct management, while Devnya faced challenges with communication, standards gaps, and delays. Lessons highlight the importance of project context in strategy and additional effort needed for cross-cultural projects.
The Best of two Worlds Project (Bo2W) - Project introductionOeko-Institut
The Best of two Worlds Project (Bo2W) aimed to improve global recycling of critical metals from electronic waste and end-of-life vehicles in a sustainable manner. The project, which ran from 2012-2015, sought to reduce threats to human health and the environment from improper recycling by developing a cooperative approach between countries. This involved carefully dismantling and treating complex hazardous fractions in Ghana, Egypt, and European refining plants, while simpler fractions like steel would be processed locally. The goal was a holistic recycling system that closed material cycles and provided economic and environmental benefits.
The Best of two Worlds Project (Bo2W) - Remaining ChallengesOeko-Institut
Negative value components from waste electronics and batteries are often discarded or burned improperly, harming the environment and health. There is also no level playing field for formal and informal recycling businesses regarding worker safety and environmental standards. Recycling companies that comply with regulations cannot compete economically with those that cut corners. Uneven rules and costs mean environmentally sound recycling faces structural disadvantages compared to crude recycling that externalizes health and environmental costs. Addressing this imbalance is a key challenge.
Horizon 2020 Green Deal: Information and Consortia Building Event Series, 15 ...KTN
Over 200 people attended this exciting webinar which provided background information on various call topics and on support available for both UK and European organisations in how to apply for funding and search for partners. This webinar covered areas 1, 8, and 10. KTN hosted this event on behalf of Innovate UK and was delivered by Emma Fenton, UK Horizon 2020 UK National Contact Point for Clean Growth and Infrastructure, Catherine Holt, Horizon 2020 UK National Contact Point for Space, and Jane Watkins, Knowledge Transfer Manager - European Programmes, KTN.
A big thank you to the Speakers, Organisers and everyone who attended the event!
Digital Water Innovation Day 2023 speaker presentations1.pdfranaasfar3
The document summarizes a presentation given at the Digital Water Innovation Day about standardizing phosphorus removal schemes across the UK water industry. It discusses how Mott MacDonald Bentley established a £300 million program involving 100 projects across 7 water companies to upgrade existing assets to meet new water quality standards. Key to their approach was creating a centralized library of reusable, parametric components in Bentley's Component Center and Intelligent Content to enhance design efficiency, collaboration, and cost savings. The program is estimated to save over 15,000 hours and £690,000 in design costs.
Horizon 2020 Green Deal: Information and Consortia Building Event Series, 9 O...KTN
Over 300 people attended this exciting webinar which provided background information on various call topics and on support available for both UK and European organisations in how to apply for funding and search for partners. This webinar covered areas 2, 3, and 4. KTN hosted this event on behalf of Innovate UK and was delivered by Helen Fairclough, EU Energy Focus, UK National Contact Point for Horizon 2020 Energy, Abishek Ramesh, UK National Contact Point for Horizon 2020 Advanced Manufacturing and Materials, and Jane Watkins, Knowledge Transfer Manager- European Programmes, KTN.
A big thank you to the Speakers, Organisers and everyone who attended the event!
Archiver pilot phase kick off Award CeremonyArchiver
In the framework of the ARCHIVER pre-commercial procurement tender, between December 2020 and August 2021 three consortia worked on innovative, prototype solutions for Long-term data preservation, in close collaboration with CERN, EMBL-EBI, DESY and PIC. The selection process for proceeding to the next phase is over and the consortium/a selected to continue with the pilot phase were officially announced at a public ceremony on the 29th of November 2021
Archiver pilot phase kick off Award CeremonyArchiver
In the framework of the ARCHIVER pre-commercial procurement tender, between December 2020 and August 2021 three consortia worked on innovative, prototype solutions for Long-term data preservation, in close collaboration with CERN, EMBL-EBI, DESY and PIC. The selection process for proceeding to the next phase is over and the consortium/a selected to continue with the pilot phase were officially announced at a public ceremony on the 29th of November 2021
Rahoitusinfo yrityksille 29.04.2021
Tervetuloa Turku Science Park Oy:n järjestämään rahoitusinfoon, jossa käydään läpi ajankohtaiset julkiset tukirahoitusmahdollisuudet yrityksille.
10.45 – 11.15 EU – Horizon Europe, Cluster 5, Tom Warras, Business Finland
Horizon 2020 Green Deal: Information and Consortia Building Event Series, 29 ...KTN
Over 400 people attended this exciting webinar which provided background information on various call topics and on support available for both UK and European organisations in how to apply for funding and search for partners. KTN hosted this event on behalf of Innovate UK and was delivered by Louise Mothersole, UK Horizon 2020 UK National Contact Point Transport, Stafford Lloyd, UK Horizon 2020 National Contact Point ICT and FET, Jane Watkins, European Programmes Knowledge Transfer Manager, KTN, and Helen Sweeney, Horizon 2020 UK National Contact Point for Sustainable Agriculture and the Bioeconomy.
A big thank you to the Speakers, Organisers and everyone who attended the event!
The document provides details about operational demo cases for CS5 Lleida. It summarizes the status and progress of various subtasks involving new technologies to improve wastewater treatment and resource recovery at the Lleida brewery. These include a pilot system for water reuse using NF, RO and AOP/UV (subtask 1.2.5), an AnMBR and SOFC for energy production from wastewater (subtask 1.3.2), and plans for an ELSAR reactor. The NF, RO and SOFC systems are currently being installed and commissioned, while the ELSAR awaits building permits. Photos show the installed treatment systems and design drawings.
Jornada Técnica sobre Responsabilidad Extendida del Productor - Steve Claus -...ConexiónReciclado
The document discusses extended producer responsibility (EPR) for e-waste management in Argentina, drawing lessons from the Belgian case. It provides an overview of Belgium's EPR system operated by Recupel, which designates roles for producers, authorities, retailers and citizens. Recupel finances e-waste collection and treatment through fees. The document also identifies challenges for Argentina, such as a lack of e-waste data and ensuring waste pickers are protected. It argues that any EPR system in Argentina must consider existing circumstances and stakeholders to be successful.
Trash to Cash using Machine Learning and BlockchainIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed solution for managing electronic waste (e-waste) using machine learning and blockchain. E-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains toxic materials. Currently, only 17.4% of e-waste is recycled globally. The proposed solution aims to increase transparency in e-waste management processes, encourage more recycling by making it simpler and rewarding, and help reduce carbon emissions to achieve net-zero targets. It involves developing a machine learning model to forecast carbon emissions and creating a blockchain-enabled system to track e-waste across the supply chain. This could help connect stakeholders and incentivize improved e-waste practices.
This document provides information on Horizon 2020 funding opportunities for international cooperation projects involving countries in the Southern Mediterranean region. It summarizes the status of EU funding in the region, with the largest amounts going to food security, agriculture, and infrastructure projects. It also lists the top recipient countries and collaborators in Horizon 2020 projects. Finally, it provides details on specific upcoming calls focusing on areas like renewable energy, marine pollution removal, the water-energy-food nexus, and migrant integration.
EIT RM Summit 2020, September 30 [CROCODILE]Jokin Hidalgo
The CROCODILE project will showcase innovative metallurgical systems based on advanced pyro-, hydro-, bio-, iono- and electrometallurgy technologies for the recovery of cobalt and the production of cobalt metal and upstream products from a wide variety of secondary and primary European resources. CROCODILE will demonstrate the synergetic approaches and the integration of the innovative metallurgical systems within existing recovery processes of cobalt from primary and secondary sources at different locations in Europe, to enhance their efficiency, improve their economic and environmental values, and will provide a zero-waste strategy for important waste streams rich in cobalt such as batteries.
Incentive based collection of e-waste – Results from pilot implementation in ...Oeko-Institut
The document summarizes the results of a pilot program in Ghana that provided incentives for collectors to bring e-waste like cables to a collection center for recycling instead of burning them. Over 10 months, the program collected 27.3 tons of cables through 1,389 transactions. This established an alternative to burning e-waste and reduced emissions while benefiting collectors, recyclers, and the environment. The results demonstrate that incentive-based collection can successfully link informal collectors to formal recycling of e-waste.
The EffNet program focuses on developing a new type of energy- and resource-efficient production technology called foam forming for web products. The program involves partnerships between research institutes, universities, and companies to develop nanocellulose-based concepts and products. Significant resource savings are expected from foam forming, including up to 40% reduction in carbon and water footprints. The program demonstrates foam forming at various scales and explores applications for lightweight materials. It also aims to minimize production costs and environmental impacts through international collaboration and a concept-level approach.
Credits of the presentation are to the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
This presentation was included in the event kit of Green Bloggers Forum, held 7 June 2016 at the Cocoon Boutique Hotel, QC, Philippines. The DENR authorized all bloggers and participants to promote the information and materials during the event.
Ensuring Sustainability of Clean Development Mechanism Projects for Global Su...Aaron Burton
Burton, A. (2007) Ensuring Sustainability of Clean Development Mechanism Projects for Global
Sustainable Development. Presented at the IEMA Environmental Knowledge Exchange, Manchester.
http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iema.net%2Fstream.php%2Fdownload%2Fevents%2Fnorthwest%2F20071107%2FA.Burton.pdf&rct=j&q=aaron%20burton%20iema&ei=eJC9TeG_OIKLhQfUtqnPBQ&usg=AFQjCNFoh1EEmzEks-iMv3gZbtSV6NlmGw
Supporting the Chilean government in developing a NAMA proposalLeonardo ENERGY
Ecofys supported the Chilean government to develop a proposal for a NAMA in “self-supply energy systems based on non-conventional renewable energy” in Chile. The proposal was developed in cooperation with Fundación Chile and financed by the International Climate Initiative of the German government through the Mitigation Momentum project (www.mitigationmomentum.org). The development of the proposal was undertaken in a consultative process involving key governmental, private sector and civil society stakeholders, building on existing knowledge and initiatives in the sector as well as the government’s immediate and longer-term policy and development objectives.
The full study is available at ecofys.com
This document compares two cement plant revamp projects - Rezzato in Italy and Devnya in Bulgaria. Both were brownfield projects with similar strategic goals. Rezzato used direct execution with European contractors, while Devnya used a lump sum EPC contract with a Chinese contractor. Rezzato had better cost control and schedule performance due to direct management, while Devnya faced challenges with communication, standards gaps, and delays. Lessons highlight the importance of project context in strategy and additional effort needed for cross-cultural projects.
The Best of two Worlds Project (Bo2W) - Project introductionOeko-Institut
The Best of two Worlds Project (Bo2W) aimed to improve global recycling of critical metals from electronic waste and end-of-life vehicles in a sustainable manner. The project, which ran from 2012-2015, sought to reduce threats to human health and the environment from improper recycling by developing a cooperative approach between countries. This involved carefully dismantling and treating complex hazardous fractions in Ghana, Egypt, and European refining plants, while simpler fractions like steel would be processed locally. The goal was a holistic recycling system that closed material cycles and provided economic and environmental benefits.
The Best of two Worlds Project (Bo2W) - Remaining ChallengesOeko-Institut
Negative value components from waste electronics and batteries are often discarded or burned improperly, harming the environment and health. There is also no level playing field for formal and informal recycling businesses regarding worker safety and environmental standards. Recycling companies that comply with regulations cannot compete economically with those that cut corners. Uneven rules and costs mean environmentally sound recycling faces structural disadvantages compared to crude recycling that externalizes health and environmental costs. Addressing this imbalance is a key challenge.
Horizon 2020 Green Deal: Information and Consortia Building Event Series, 15 ...KTN
Over 200 people attended this exciting webinar which provided background information on various call topics and on support available for both UK and European organisations in how to apply for funding and search for partners. This webinar covered areas 1, 8, and 10. KTN hosted this event on behalf of Innovate UK and was delivered by Emma Fenton, UK Horizon 2020 UK National Contact Point for Clean Growth and Infrastructure, Catherine Holt, Horizon 2020 UK National Contact Point for Space, and Jane Watkins, Knowledge Transfer Manager - European Programmes, KTN.
A big thank you to the Speakers, Organisers and everyone who attended the event!
Digital Water Innovation Day 2023 speaker presentations1.pdfranaasfar3
The document summarizes a presentation given at the Digital Water Innovation Day about standardizing phosphorus removal schemes across the UK water industry. It discusses how Mott MacDonald Bentley established a £300 million program involving 100 projects across 7 water companies to upgrade existing assets to meet new water quality standards. Key to their approach was creating a centralized library of reusable, parametric components in Bentley's Component Center and Intelligent Content to enhance design efficiency, collaboration, and cost savings. The program is estimated to save over 15,000 hours and £690,000 in design costs.
Horizon 2020 Green Deal: Information and Consortia Building Event Series, 9 O...KTN
Over 300 people attended this exciting webinar which provided background information on various call topics and on support available for both UK and European organisations in how to apply for funding and search for partners. This webinar covered areas 2, 3, and 4. KTN hosted this event on behalf of Innovate UK and was delivered by Helen Fairclough, EU Energy Focus, UK National Contact Point for Horizon 2020 Energy, Abishek Ramesh, UK National Contact Point for Horizon 2020 Advanced Manufacturing and Materials, and Jane Watkins, Knowledge Transfer Manager- European Programmes, KTN.
A big thank you to the Speakers, Organisers and everyone who attended the event!
Archiver pilot phase kick off Award CeremonyArchiver
In the framework of the ARCHIVER pre-commercial procurement tender, between December 2020 and August 2021 three consortia worked on innovative, prototype solutions for Long-term data preservation, in close collaboration with CERN, EMBL-EBI, DESY and PIC. The selection process for proceeding to the next phase is over and the consortium/a selected to continue with the pilot phase were officially announced at a public ceremony on the 29th of November 2021
Archiver pilot phase kick off Award CeremonyArchiver
In the framework of the ARCHIVER pre-commercial procurement tender, between December 2020 and August 2021 three consortia worked on innovative, prototype solutions for Long-term data preservation, in close collaboration with CERN, EMBL-EBI, DESY and PIC. The selection process for proceeding to the next phase is over and the consortium/a selected to continue with the pilot phase were officially announced at a public ceremony on the 29th of November 2021
Rahoitusinfo yrityksille 29.04.2021
Tervetuloa Turku Science Park Oy:n järjestämään rahoitusinfoon, jossa käydään läpi ajankohtaiset julkiset tukirahoitusmahdollisuudet yrityksille.
10.45 – 11.15 EU – Horizon Europe, Cluster 5, Tom Warras, Business Finland
Horizon 2020 Green Deal: Information and Consortia Building Event Series, 29 ...KTN
Over 400 people attended this exciting webinar which provided background information on various call topics and on support available for both UK and European organisations in how to apply for funding and search for partners. KTN hosted this event on behalf of Innovate UK and was delivered by Louise Mothersole, UK Horizon 2020 UK National Contact Point Transport, Stafford Lloyd, UK Horizon 2020 National Contact Point ICT and FET, Jane Watkins, European Programmes Knowledge Transfer Manager, KTN, and Helen Sweeney, Horizon 2020 UK National Contact Point for Sustainable Agriculture and the Bioeconomy.
A big thank you to the Speakers, Organisers and everyone who attended the event!
The document provides details about operational demo cases for CS5 Lleida. It summarizes the status and progress of various subtasks involving new technologies to improve wastewater treatment and resource recovery at the Lleida brewery. These include a pilot system for water reuse using NF, RO and AOP/UV (subtask 1.2.5), an AnMBR and SOFC for energy production from wastewater (subtask 1.3.2), and plans for an ELSAR reactor. The NF, RO and SOFC systems are currently being installed and commissioned, while the ELSAR awaits building permits. Photos show the installed treatment systems and design drawings.
Jornada Técnica sobre Responsabilidad Extendida del Productor - Steve Claus -...ConexiónReciclado
The document discusses extended producer responsibility (EPR) for e-waste management in Argentina, drawing lessons from the Belgian case. It provides an overview of Belgium's EPR system operated by Recupel, which designates roles for producers, authorities, retailers and citizens. Recupel finances e-waste collection and treatment through fees. The document also identifies challenges for Argentina, such as a lack of e-waste data and ensuring waste pickers are protected. It argues that any EPR system in Argentina must consider existing circumstances and stakeholders to be successful.
Trash to Cash using Machine Learning and BlockchainIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed solution for managing electronic waste (e-waste) using machine learning and blockchain. E-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains toxic materials. Currently, only 17.4% of e-waste is recycled globally. The proposed solution aims to increase transparency in e-waste management processes, encourage more recycling by making it simpler and rewarding, and help reduce carbon emissions to achieve net-zero targets. It involves developing a machine learning model to forecast carbon emissions and creating a blockchain-enabled system to track e-waste across the supply chain. This could help connect stakeholders and incentivize improved e-waste practices.
This document provides information on Horizon 2020 funding opportunities for international cooperation projects involving countries in the Southern Mediterranean region. It summarizes the status of EU funding in the region, with the largest amounts going to food security, agriculture, and infrastructure projects. It also lists the top recipient countries and collaborators in Horizon 2020 projects. Finally, it provides details on specific upcoming calls focusing on areas like renewable energy, marine pollution removal, the water-energy-food nexus, and migrant integration.
EIT RM Summit 2020, September 30 [CROCODILE]Jokin Hidalgo
The CROCODILE project will showcase innovative metallurgical systems based on advanced pyro-, hydro-, bio-, iono- and electrometallurgy technologies for the recovery of cobalt and the production of cobalt metal and upstream products from a wide variety of secondary and primary European resources. CROCODILE will demonstrate the synergetic approaches and the integration of the innovative metallurgical systems within existing recovery processes of cobalt from primary and secondary sources at different locations in Europe, to enhance their efficiency, improve their economic and environmental values, and will provide a zero-waste strategy for important waste streams rich in cobalt such as batteries.
Replication considerations for the deployment of REnnovates in EuropeHenri Relyveld
Replication considerations for the full scale deployment throughout Europe of the REnnovates concept.
In Europe, differences in climate conditions, building typology, energy regulations, home ownership, citizen association or financial mechanisms, lead to varied housing scenarios where single rigid solutions are difficult to implement. The objective is to present the audience the challenges faced for the industrialization and full-scale deployment of the REnnovates concept and some possible approaches to overcome these differences.
An Analysis of Clean Development MechanismBaral Pradeep
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows developed countries to implement emissions reduction projects in developing countries and earn tradable carbon credits (CERs) for the reductions achieved. The CDM aims to help countries meet Kyoto targets while promoting sustainable development. Projects must demonstrate environmental additionality by proving reductions beyond business as usual. Registration and verification involve several steps overseen by Designated Operational Entities and the CDM Executive Board. Most CDM projects are in Asia focused on renewable energy and methane capture. However, the CDM faces challenges around additionality and local benefits. Recommendations include expanding demand for CERs and restricting supply to help address a market crash.
New Zealand's Ultra-Fast Broadband project (workshop FTTH EU Conference 2016)Comsof
One of the biggest success stories in the world regarding FTTH network deployment is being written in New Zealand. Success is however never achieved without overcoming a significant amount of barriers. Using knowledge obtained from an academic assessment of the initiative, as well as practical experience from the actual deployment, this session provides New Zealand’s answer to important FTTH deployment barriers. Some of the questions that will be tackled are: How to handle the different types of geography? How to manage subcontracting and define the deployment workflow? What about take rates, TCO and funding?
This is the presentation from a workshop at the FTTH EU Conference 2016 titled "Learning from Real life cases - key success factors during preparation of a FTTH rollout" organized by iMinds, GE and FiberPlanIT.
WATER INNOVATION SUMMIT 2023 | Sessione 5-Sudati BServizi a rete
This document describes a project between Iren, an Italian utility company, and Kando, an Israeli technology company. Iren was experiencing high organic pollutant loads at its Valpolcevera wastewater treatment plant that were impacting operations. With Kando's monitoring technology, Iren was able to identify four local industries as the sources of the pollution. Iren then worked with the industries to create corrective plans, resulting in reduced pollution discharges, improved wastewater treatment plant processes, and estimated energy cost savings of 120,000-140,000 euros annually for the plant. The collaboration helped enforce regulations and change factory behaviors to reduce pollution levels in the area.
Similar to Status of the Project Best of two Worlds - Activities and Results in Ghana (20)
Perceptions of surface facilities of a potential disposal site and the role o...Oeko-Institut
This document summarizes research on how place attachment influences perceptions of infrastructure development like a potential nuclear waste disposal site. The researchers conducted interviews and workshops in three German regions to analyze differences in place attachment and perceptions of visualized models of surface facilities. Key findings include that place attachment was more strongly shaped by social and functional relationships to landscape rather than preserving a "typical" landscape. Perceptions of waste facilities were more negative due to associated risks, and visualization and discussion helped increase understanding and more positive perceptions. The researchers conclude that a place-sensitive long-term governance approach is needed to integrate a disposal site into local identity.
The role of Nuclear Cultural Heritage in long-term nuclear waste governanceOeko-Institut
The document summarizes a literature review conducted as part of the NuCultAge project, which aims to identify concepts and approaches related to nuclear cultural heritage. The literature review found that nuclear cultural heritage includes tangible and intangible elements related to nuclear technology and can serve long-term governance of nuclear sites and waste if embedded within strategic development and participatory processes. It influences how knowledge is preserved and decisions are made for future generations. Spatial, temporal, and social aspects influence how nuclear cultural heritage is developed and implemented. International examples and frameworks were also identified that could aid in operationalizing nuclear cultural heritage.
Technische Probleme in den französischen AKW und ihre AuswirkungenOeko-Institut
Präsentation von Dr. Christoph Pistner, "Misère Nucléaire – Wenn AKW ungeplant ausfallen", Schweizerische Energie-Stiftung, Trinationaler Atomschutzverband, 30.06.2023, Basel
Potentials and challenges of applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) in geoscie...Oeko-Institut
The document discusses the potentials and challenges of applying artificial intelligence (AI) methods in geosciences for searching for a repository site for high-level nuclear waste in Germany. It analyzes how AI could support data processing, analysis, and modeling activities during the site selection process, but may also face challenges regarding transparency, validation of methods, and gaining public trust. While AI may help with data handling and analysis, it is important that any methods used are properly validated and AI only plays a supportive role rather than decision-making to ensure safety and public confidence in the process.
Research needs around politically influenceable factors of climate policy acc...Oeko-Institut
The document discusses research needs around factors that influence public acceptability of climate policy measures. It notes that existing research has limitations, focusing on non-influenceable demographic factors or comparing instruments without improving acceptability. More research is needed on influenceable factors like policy design, timing, participation, and communication framing. Different methods could better study these politically influenceable factors and their impacts.
Präsentation von Dr. Katja Schumacher, Symposium „Klimaschutz in Caritas und Diakonie: Den Weg erfolgreich gestalten“ der Versicherer im Raum der Kirchen Akademie GmbH, 29.9.2022
Das Projekt „compan-e – Wege zur elektrischen und nachhaltigen Unternehmensmobilität“ versteht sich als übergeordnetes Forschungsprojekt, das den Übergang von der bisherigen vereinzelten und pilothaften Erprobung von Elektromobilität in Unternehmen hin zum „Mainstream“ in der gewerblichen Mobilität wissenschaftlich begleitet und durch den koordinierten Erfahrungsaustausch und gezielte Informationsangebote, die auch jenseits der Projektbeteiligten wirksam werden, beschleunigt.
compan-e: Befragungsergebnisse Themenfeld Ladeinfrastruktur am WohnortOeko-Institut
Das Projekt „compan-e – Wege zur elektrischen und nachhaltigen Unternehmensmobilität“ versteht sich als übergeordnetes Forschungsprojekt, das den Übergang von der bisherigen vereinzelten und pilothaften Erprobung von Elektromobilität in Unternehmen hin zum „Mainstream“ in der gewerblichen Mobilität wissenschaftlich begleitet und durch den koordinierten Erfahrungsaustausch und gezielte Informationsangebote, die auch jenseits der Projektbeteiligten wirksam werden, beschleunigt.
Das Projekt „compan-e – Wege zur elektrischen und nachhaltigen Unternehmensmobilität“ versteht sich als übergeordnetes Forschungsprojekt, das den Übergang von der bisherigen vereinzelten und pilothaften Erprobung von Elektromobilität in Unternehmen hin zum „Mainstream“ in der gewerblichen Mobilität wissenschaftlich begleitet und durch den koordinierten Erfahrungsaustausch und gezielte Informationsangebote, die auch jenseits der Projektbeteiligten wirksam werden, beschleunigt.
compan-e: Befragungsergebnisse Themenfeld Car PolicyOeko-Institut
Das Projekt „compan-e – Wege zur elektrischen und nachhaltigen Unternehmensmobilität“ versteht sich als übergeordnetes Forschungsprojekt, das den Übergang von der bisherigen vereinzelten und pilothaften Erprobung von Elektromobilität in Unternehmen hin zum „Mainstream“ in der gewerblichen Mobilität wissenschaftlich begleitet und durch den koordinierten Erfahrungsaustausch und gezielte Informationsangebote, die auch jenseits der Projektbeteiligten wirksam werden, beschleunigt.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
“Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...
Status of the Project Best of two Worlds - Activities and Results in Ghana
1. www.oeko.de
Status of the Project Best of two Worlds
Activities and Results in Ghana
Andreas Manhart (Oeko-Institut e.V.)
Vivian Ahiayibor (City Waste Recycling Ltd.), Matthias Buchert (Oeko-Institut), Daniel
Bleher (Oeko-Institut), Jürgen Meinel (City Waste Recycling Ltd.), Tobias Schleicher
(Oeko-Institut), Alexis Vandendaelen (UMICORE)
Recycling and Raw Materials Conference in Berlin, 24 March to 25 March 2014
2. 2
www.oeko.de
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
Summary
1 Background of the Project
3 Numbers and Projections on E-Waste Generation
4 Determination of Optimal Pre-Treatment Depth
5 Determining Environmentally Sound Management Options for Negative
Value Fractions
6 Analysis of Structural Hurdles
7 Outlook
2 Stakeholder Engagement
Bo2W project team
3. 3
www.oeko.de
The Project
Global Recycling of Strategic and Essential
Metals: Best-of-two-Worlds Approach (Bo2W)
Project Duration: June 2012 – May 2015
Bo2W project teamStatus of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
6. 6
www.oeko.de
The challenge is
Challenges
• To reduce threats to human health and the environment
• To create better working conditions
• To close the loop of valuable metal cycles
Focus of the project: electronic waste and end-of-life vehicles
Bo2W project team
Source: Oeko-Institut
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
8. 8
www.oeko.de
The Bo2W approach
Advantages
• Improved management of hazardous
substances
• Increase of resource efficiency / closing
global material cycles
• Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
• Generation of income and employment
opportunities in Egypt and Ghana
• Increased investment in social and
environmental standards
Bo2W project teamStatus of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
9. 9
www.oeko.de
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
Summary
1 Background of the Project
3 Numbers and Projections on E-Waste Generation
4 Determination of Optimal Pre-Treatment Depth
5 Determining Environmentally Sound Management Options for Negative
Value Fractions
6 Analysis of Structural Hurdles
7 Outlook
2 Stakeholder Engagement
Bo2W project team
10. 10
www.oeko.de
Stakeholder engagement
Bo2W project team
• Policy
• Authorities/Administration
• Civil society
• Informal sector
Main events
• Stakeholder workshop held in June
2013 in Accra
• Milestone Workshop held in November
2013 in Hoboken
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
11. 11
www.oeko.de
Stakeholder engagement
Bo2W project team
Tangible Results
• Memorandum of Understanding between the Accra Scrap
Dealers Association (informal sector) and the local partner,
namely City Waste Recycling Ltd.
• Content:
• The aim of the alliance is to develop suitable alternatives to
particularly polluting procedures (such as the burning of cables).
• The Scrap Dealers Association provides (complete units of) waste
electrical and electronic devices to City Waste Recycling.
• As regards its recruitment of personnel, City Waste Recycling employs
people who have been working in the informal recycling sector.
• Official ban on export of waste batteries (lead-acid) that have
been improperly handled
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
12. 12
www.oeko.de
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
Summary
1 Background of the Project
3 Numbers and Projections on E-Waste Generation
4 Determination of Optimal Pre-Treatment Depth
5 Determining Environmentally Sound Management Options for Negative
Value Fractions
6 Analysis of Structural Hurdles
7 Outlook
Bo2W project team
2 Stakeholder Engagement
13. 13
www.oeko.de
Mobile phones in use in Ghana (2002-2025)
Mobile
phones
• Growing market
• Market saturation expected for around 2016
today
Bo2W project teamStatus of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
Mobile phones in use [in million]
14. 14
www.oeko.de
Projection of end-of-life CRT TVs
End-of-life
CRT TVs
Moreover, there is the problem of illegal imports.
Bo2W project team
Caution: Projections are based on various assumptions.
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
today
Number of end-of-life CRT TVs per year [in million]
15. 15
www.oeko.de
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
Summary
1 Background of the Project
3 Numbers and Projections on E-Waste Generation
4 Determination of Optimal Pre-Treatment Depth
5 Determining Environmentally Sound Management Options for Negative
Value Fractions
6 Analysis of Structural Hurdles
7 Outlook
2 Stakeholder Engagement
Bo2W project team
16. 16
www.oeko.de
Determination of optimal pre-treatment depth
Bo2W project team
• Know-how transfer
• Instructions on proper storage and
transport
• Disassembly of hard disk drives
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
17. 17
www.oeko.de
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
Summary
1 Background of the Project
3 Numbers and Projections on E-Waste Generation
4 Determination of Optimal Pre-Treatment Depth
5 Determining Environmentally Sound Management Options for
Negative Value Fractions
6 Analysis of Structural Hurdles
7 Outlook
2 Stakeholder Engagement
Bo2W project team
18. 18
www.oeko.de
Set-up
CRT unit after dismantling:
• funnel glass
• panel (screen) glass
• metal frame
• shadow mask (inside unit)
Fraction 1 Cathode ray tubes
Source: Townsend et al. 1999: Characterization of
Lead leachability from Cathode Ray Tubes using
the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
19. 19
www.oeko.de
* = Carriage Paid To = free at gate
Recycling
path
Description CPT* Cost
(EURO/ton)
rp 2 funnel and screen glass to landfill ~ 26
rp 2 & rp 4 funnel glass to landfill & screen glass for other
applications
~ 42-70
rp 3.1 funnel glass to lead smelter ~ 50
rp 3.1 & rp 4 funnel glass to lead smelter & screen glass for
other applications
~ 50-75
rp 3.2 recovery of lead and glass ~ 150
Fraction 1 Cathode ray tubes
Costs for Recycling or Landfilling
Costs for transport and notification (Ghana to Deutschland) approx. 120 €/t
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
20. 20
www.oeko.de
Two Options
Safe disposal in
Ghana/Egypt
Locally usable
solution
Export & recycling
Internationally
usable solution
CRT Glass
Option 1 Option 2
Fraction 1 Cathode ray tubes
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
21. 21
www.oeko.de
The challenges
• From a quantitative point of view,
housings of monitors and TVs
are currently the most significant
waste fraction.
• Common practice: uncontrolled
disposal
• Wide range of:
• Types of polymers (ABS, HIPS
etc.)
• Types of flame retardants used,
especially BFRs
Fraction 2 Thermoplastics
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
22. 22
www.oeko.de
Proposed process optimization for Ghana and Egypt
● Reliable separation in plastic type and BFR content cannot be done without
technical equipment.
● Pre-separation into black TV plastics (PS) and white computer plastics
(predominantly ABS) will reduce separation efforts for plastic recyclers.
● Pure ABS/PC is the most valuable plastic fraction (~ 400 €/t).
● Baling and shredding of material needs to be organized prior to shipment.
● No need for notification if plastic content > 90 %.
Cost-neutral solution might be feasible.
Fraction 2 Thermoplastics
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
23. 23
www.oeko.de
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
Summary
1 Background of the Project
3 Numbers and Projections on E-Waste Generation
4 Determination of Optimal Pre-Treatment Depth
5 Determining Environmentally Sound Management Options for Negative
Value Fractions
6 Analysis of Structural Hurdles
7 Outlook
2 Stakeholder Engagement
Bo2W project team
24. 24
www.oeko.de
Electric cables
Structural Hurdles: Example 1
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
• Open cable burning is considered to be the most pressing problem in terms
of e-waste faced by West Africa today.
• The cable fires of Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, Cote d’Ivoire and Liberia are
estimated to contribute 0.15 - 0.3 % to the total EU dioxin emissions.
(Source: E-waste Africa Project – Where are WEEE in Africa?)
25. 25
www.oeko.de
The project approach
• Mechanical preparation (shredding) and sorting of cables:
• Need for knowledge transfer: Which shredder is to be used (in
which way) for which type of cable? Need to consider several
issues.
• Substantial investments are requested (money to buy a
shredder, sorting equipment and infrastructure to store copper
and plastic fractions.)
Structural Hurdles: Example 1
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
26. 26
www.oeko.de
Economic aspects…
• A cable shredder costs between 15,000 and 250,000 €.
• Individual shredders cannot cope with all cable thicknesses and types.
• Mechanical shredding and sorting of cables is usually associated with some
copper losses in the range of 1-2 %.
Cable burning in contrast :
• is not dependent on investments (apart from money for matches);
• is not dependent on significant labour input;
• does not cause any significant copper losses;
• causes severe environmental damages.
Structural Hurdles: Example 1
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
27. 27
www.oeko.de
Cathode ray tubes and televisions
Structural Hurdles: Example 2
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
• Funnel glass contains between 15 and 20 % lead.
Common practice in Ghana:
• Recovery of copper coil and other metals; uncontrolled dumping of
CRT glass.
28. 28
www.oeko.de
The project approach
Environmentally sound management of all e-waste fractions – including
negative value fractions such as CRT glass.
Structural Hurdles: Example 2
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
29. 29
www.oeko.de
• No evidence of any environmentally sound management option
available in Ghana and Egypt.
• In EU countries, costs associated with environmentally sound waste
management solutions range between 26 and 150 € / t.
• Transport and notification involve additional costs of approx. 120 € / t.
• Glass makes up ~ 50% of the total weight of CRT TVs.
Structural Hurdles: Example 2
Economic aspects…
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
30. 30
www.oeko.de
Structural Hurdles: Example 2
Fraction Weight [g] Value
[US$/kg]
Transport
costs [US$/t]
Net-value
[US$]
Case (plastics) 4196 - - -
CRT glass 11884 -0.1 154 - 3.02
Copper 1995 5 142 9.69
Steel 378 0.3 13 0.11
PWBs 3461 0.26 142 0.16
Others 2226 - - -
Total 24140 6.94
Ray tube televisions:
• The problem is that informal recyclers earn more money (by externa-
lising costs).
• This gives them a strategic advantage in e-waste collection.
+ 9.96 US$
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
31. 31
www.oeko.de
Example of lead-acid batteries
Structural Hurdles: Example 3
Status of he Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
• Informal lead-acid battery recycling was classified as the world’s worst
pollution problem in 2012 (Blacksmith Institute 2012).
Common practice in Ghana:
• Export of drained lead-acid batteries.
32. 32
www.oeko.de
The project approach
Structural Hurdles: Example 3
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
Export of undrained lead-acid batteries from Ghana to Germany for
sound recycling (including acid) at Johnson Controls’ Krautscheid
facility.
33. 33
www.oeko.de
• The acid is a negative-value fraction – sound management is
associated with costs of around 120 € / t.
• The acid corresponds to 13-15% of the total battery weight.
• A 40 ft shipping container can be filled with 23 t of batteries.
Compared to players exporting drained lead-acid batteries, in the
project model
• The quantity of lead that can be transported per container is reduced
by 13 - 15 %. In addition, the costs for the disposal of the acids have
to be included in the calculation.
• there are thus lower revenues per container (4,600 € less).
Structural Hurdles: Example 3
Economic aspects…
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
34. 34
www.oeko.de
• In comparison to the informal sector, formal recycling enterprises
face structural disadvantages.
• In essence, these disadvantages result from the fact that costs are
externalised when informal recycling practices are applied (pollution
→ impacts on human health and the environment).
• This disadvantage needs to be addressed.
At the same time it must be emphasized that:
• 80 % of the Ghanaian workforce is employed in the informal sector.
• It is highly unlikely that waste management and recycling activities
will be completely formalised within the next years.
Interim result
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
35. 35
www.oeko.de
• It is necessary to ensure that fractions that are critical in view of
environmental and resource protection will only be treated in
environmentally sound recycling facilities.
• However, the question remains on how this should be achieved in
practice?
Interim result
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
36. 36
www.oeko.de
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
Summary
1 Background of the Project
3 Numbers and Projections on E-Waste Generation
4 Determination of Optimal Pre-Treatment Depth
5 Determining Environmentally Sound Management Options for Negative
Value Fractions
6 Analysis of Structural Hurdles
7 Outlook
2 Stakeholder Engagement
Bo2W project team
37. 37
www.oeko.de
Idea:
• Dubious business practices on the part of intermediate agents result
in income losses suffered by collectors and dismantlers;
• If formal recycling enterprises had direct access to sales markets,
they would be in a better position in economic terms.
• This is being tested in the framework of the Bo2W-project.
Limitations:
• Most recyclers in developing countries and emerging economies are
still quite small, not (yet) playing a crucial role on the world market in
terms of quantities.
• Developing the market access for such enterprises is a challenging
task.
Possibility1 Improved access to downstream markets
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
38. 38
www.oeko.de
Idea:
Affiliates of international companies and public institutions do not want
to want to be connected with polluting recycling practices.
• Therefore, they are often willing to deliver e-waste and car-waste to
formal recyclers.
• In contrast to e-waste and car-waste from households and small
businesses, competition in this segment is not only based on price
but also on the quality of the recycling processes.
Limitations:
• While this model might be a good starting point, it is not capable of
addressing e-waste and car-waste from households and small
businesses.
Possibility2 Focus on a B2B model
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
39. 39
www.oeko.de
Idea:
• If polluting practices (e.g. burning of cables, uncontrolled disposal of CRT
glass) were to be prohibited and if appropriate measures were to be taken,
a level playing field could be created.
• In some few cases, bans can be implemented and monitored without too
much effort – such as a ban on exports of drained lead-acid batteries.
Limitations:
• Enforcing bans in informal recycling sectors is extremely difficult since
structures are substantially opaque.
• Evidence from other countries shows that bans can result in the
continuation of some practices, with the sole difference that practices that
had been fairly public and visible before will be executed in back-yards
then.
Possibility 3 Ban polluting practices
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
40. 40
www.oeko.de
Idea:
• “Producers” (players that bring products on the market) are held
responsible for environmentally sound management of an e-waste /
car-waste volume equivalent to that brought onto the market.
• Producers can either establish their own management system or
make a financial contribution to collection and recycling schemes.
Limitations:
• Some types of EPR financing systems are vulnerable to corruption.
• While leading manufacturers are predominantly in favour of such
systems, there is a large number of small importers, most of whom
are not registered.
Possibility 4 Financing via an extended producer
responsibility scheme
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
41. 41
www.oeko.de
Idea:
• Formal recycling companies have to cope with cash-flow problems,
especially in the beginning phase: While they have to pay for the
costs incurred for collection, processing, storage and transport, they
only receive the returns of this investment some weeks after
shipment of the fractions.
• Medium credits can help to bridge these gaps and enable a more
rapid business growth.
• Rapid growth opens up the possibility to use economies of scale.
Limitations:
• In developing countries and emerging economies, interest rates for
this type of business model are usually relatively high.
Possibility 5 Providing Start-up Capital
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
42. 42
www.oeko.de
5 Possibilities:
• Improved access to sales markets
• Focus on a B2B model
• Ban of polluting practices
• Financing via an extended producer responsibility scheme
• Providing start-up capital
Discussion
Status of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014
43. www.oeko.de
Many Thanks for Your Attention!
Andreas Manhart
Oeko-Institut
Phone: +49 89 125900-77
E-Mail: a.manhart@oeko.de
Bo2W project teamStatus of the Bo2W project│Manhart│Berlin│25 March 2014