The study aimed to test levels of social conformity at Hope College. It replicated Asch's conformity experiment with confederates giving unanimous incorrect answers. A conformity questionnaire also assessed perceived likelihood of conformity with different numbers of influencers (1, 3, 7, 15). Results found no significant gender differences in conformity. The survey found students most likely to conform with 7 influencers. So social influences did affect perceived conformity but the actual experiment found no gender or number effects on Hope students' conformity.
Question 1 of 25 1.0 Points The __________ is a hypothesis.docxteofilapeerless
Question 1 of 25 1.0 Points
The __________ is a hypothesis-testing procedure used when a sample mean is being compared to a known population mean and the population variance is unknown.
A.ANOVA
B.t test for a single sample
C.t test for multiple samples
D.Z test
Question 2 of 25 1.0 Points
In the formula for estimating the population variance from the scores in a sample, the sum of squared deviations is divided by:
A.the number of participants in the sample
B.the number of participants in the sample minus one
C.the number of participants in the population
D.the number of participants in the population minus one
Question 3 of 25 1.0 Points
Which of the following is TRUE about t distributions?
A.There are exactly 10 categories of t distributions.
B.For any given sample size, there are between two and N-1 appropriate t distributions.
C.The larger the sample size, the more a t distribution resembles a normal curve.
D.t distributions are generally bimodal.
Question 4 of 25 1.0 Points
The variance of a sample is said to be “biased” because it consistently __________ the actual variance of the population.
A.overestimates
B.underestimates
C.enlarges
D.divides
Question 5 of 25 1.0 Points
A local newspaper reports that young women in your town (i.e., a known population) sleep an average of only 5 hours per night. However, you think that women in your town who are enrolled at your college sleep more than that. You randomly select 200 women from your college and ask them to accurately record their hours of sleep. You find that they sleep an average of 7 hours per night. What test would you use to determine whether this mean difference is statistically meaningful?
A.ANOVA
B.t test for dependent means
C.t test for a single sample
D.regression
Question 6 of 25 1.0 Points
What is the main difference between Z score and t score?
A.t scores are used when the study requires a one-tailed test
B.t scores are used when the population variance is unknown
C.t scores are used whenever the sample size is greater than 30
D.t scores are only used when inferences are made about other samples
Question 7 of 25 1.0 Points
The shape of a t distribution:
A.is typically bimodal
B.is typically rectangular
C.will vary according to the mean of the population you used to estimate sample variance
D.will vary according to the degrees of freedom in the sample you used to estimate population variance
Question 8 of 25 1.0 Points
The t score is your sample’s mean minus the __________ divided by the __________.
A.sample size; variance of the distribution of means
B.sample size minus 1; standard deviation of the distribution of means
C.population mean; standard deviation of the distribution of means
D.population median; variance of the distribution of means
Question 9 of 25 1.0 Points
Difference scores are usually used wit.
2 4. A researcher is interested in the level of ideolog.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
2
4. A researcher is interested in the level of ideological consistency among Democrats and Republicans.
She creates a measure of ideological consistency that ranges from 0 (total lack of consistency) to 10
(absolute consistency). What kind of statistical test should the researcher employ?
A. Chi-Square
B. Guessing
C. Differences of Means Test
D. Correlation
5. Regression in appropriate when our dependent variable is measured at what level of measurement?
A. Interval
B. Ordinal
C. Nominal
D. Dummy
6. A type one error occurs…
A. When we incorrectly fail to reject the null hypothesis even though it is false
B. When we have measurement error in one of our variables
C. When we incorrectly reject the null hypothesis even though it is true
D. When the results of our analysis do not support our alternative hypothesis
7. Below are four different hypotheses, which of the four should be tested using a one tailed test?
A. Democrats and Republicans will differ in their support for tax cuts
B. Republicans will be more supportive of tax cuts than Democrats
C. Republicans and Democrats will not differ in their support for tax cuts
D. Support for tax cuts will differ by party
8. In Chi Square testing our expected frequencies are…
A. The frequencies we would expect to observe if the null hypothesis was true
B. The frequencies we actually observe
3
C. The frequencies we would expect to observe if the alternative hypothesis was true
D. The frequencies we would expect to observe if the null hypothesis was false
9. A researcher is interested in testing whether males and females differ in their level of political
knowledge. To test this the researcher administers a political knowledge test to a sample of 10 males
and 10 females. Tests are scored out of 100 points. What statistical test should the researcher use to
test her hypothesis that males and females will differ in their level of political knowledge. (Hint think
about what test is appropriate for the level of measurement of these variables)
A. Correlation
B. Chi Square
C. Difference of Means Test
D. Standard Deviation
10. Outliers are a particular problem for which statistical test?
A. Correlation
B. Regression
C. Difference of Means
D. Chi Square
11. In regression our constant (Y intercept) is equal to:
A. The predicted value of Y when all of the X’s in our model = 0
B. The expected change in Y associated with a one unit change in X
C. The predicted value of X when all the Y’s in our model = 0
D. The expected change in X associated with a one unit change in Y
12. If we decrease our probability of making a Type 1 error we…
A. Decease our probability of making a Type 2 error
B. Increase our probability of making a Type 2 error
C. Have the same probability of making a Type 2 error
D. Have 0 probability of making a Type 2 error
4
13. Correlation and regression ana ...
Running head DISCUSSION ESSAY1DISCUSSION ESSAY4Di.docxtodd271
Running head: DISCUSSION ESSAY
1
DISCUSSION ESSAY
4
Discussion Essay
Name
Academic Institution
April 1, 2019
Discussion Essay
Social control plays a major role in my own life since it dictates what I should do and what I should not. This element claims a degree of my liberty to make choices since I am compelled to please society or find myself in trouble. By this, I am expected to socialize with a certain class of people or else breaking this norm may leave people feeling disappointed with me. I am also expected to carry myself in accordance with my age or else people will think that I have lost my mind or being childish, while as I may simply be in a mood to let loose and just live my life in a care free way even for a moment, because after all it is my life.
On the other hand, social control helps to shape my life in becoming a responsible youth, and the desire to meet this expectation helps in clearing my perception of matters, which also develops my perspective in relation to what society considers moral or immoral. For example, it shapes my position regarding some activities that I would otherwise consider fun yet in the real sense are criminal in nature. As a young person, I feel energetic and adventurous and fun for me is anything thrilling (Lilly et al., 2011). Presently, there are many activities that a young person can indulge in for a thrilling experience. They could include crazy driving, trying out drugs and other substances, or a weekend getaway spree under no adult supervision, just to mention but a few. However, social control comes in handy and redirects such contemplations through the guiding sense it offers through the wisdom of experienced adults such as my parents, teachers, and other guardians in my life.
The power of social influence from my community has helped to develop a sense of commitment within me to follow our social norms. As such, I would say that I see the effect of Travis Hirschi’s social bond theory, which supposes that delinquency occurs in the absence of, or when social bonds are weak (Hirschi, 2002). However, crime is easily averted when social bonds are strong. As such, in an event of social deviance, the strong association I share with parents and community plays a vital role of dissuading me from indulging in delinquency because I have accepted the social conditions of my social group.
Social conditioning has helped me to become a college student instead of being involved in criminal activity. I come from a family that does not take misbehavior kindly. Getting involved in criminal activity is met with harshness from my parents, my father especially. I remember this time immediately after receiving my college acceptance letter. A new neighbor moved in with their two sons of my age and I was more than thrilled to have them for company. Apparently, both boys were using pot and they introduced me on this rainy Saturday evening (Lilly et al., 2011). My first experience set me out of contro.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Question 1 of 25 1.0 Points The __________ is a hypothesis.docxteofilapeerless
Question 1 of 25 1.0 Points
The __________ is a hypothesis-testing procedure used when a sample mean is being compared to a known population mean and the population variance is unknown.
A.ANOVA
B.t test for a single sample
C.t test for multiple samples
D.Z test
Question 2 of 25 1.0 Points
In the formula for estimating the population variance from the scores in a sample, the sum of squared deviations is divided by:
A.the number of participants in the sample
B.the number of participants in the sample minus one
C.the number of participants in the population
D.the number of participants in the population minus one
Question 3 of 25 1.0 Points
Which of the following is TRUE about t distributions?
A.There are exactly 10 categories of t distributions.
B.For any given sample size, there are between two and N-1 appropriate t distributions.
C.The larger the sample size, the more a t distribution resembles a normal curve.
D.t distributions are generally bimodal.
Question 4 of 25 1.0 Points
The variance of a sample is said to be “biased” because it consistently __________ the actual variance of the population.
A.overestimates
B.underestimates
C.enlarges
D.divides
Question 5 of 25 1.0 Points
A local newspaper reports that young women in your town (i.e., a known population) sleep an average of only 5 hours per night. However, you think that women in your town who are enrolled at your college sleep more than that. You randomly select 200 women from your college and ask them to accurately record their hours of sleep. You find that they sleep an average of 7 hours per night. What test would you use to determine whether this mean difference is statistically meaningful?
A.ANOVA
B.t test for dependent means
C.t test for a single sample
D.regression
Question 6 of 25 1.0 Points
What is the main difference between Z score and t score?
A.t scores are used when the study requires a one-tailed test
B.t scores are used when the population variance is unknown
C.t scores are used whenever the sample size is greater than 30
D.t scores are only used when inferences are made about other samples
Question 7 of 25 1.0 Points
The shape of a t distribution:
A.is typically bimodal
B.is typically rectangular
C.will vary according to the mean of the population you used to estimate sample variance
D.will vary according to the degrees of freedom in the sample you used to estimate population variance
Question 8 of 25 1.0 Points
The t score is your sample’s mean minus the __________ divided by the __________.
A.sample size; variance of the distribution of means
B.sample size minus 1; standard deviation of the distribution of means
C.population mean; standard deviation of the distribution of means
D.population median; variance of the distribution of means
Question 9 of 25 1.0 Points
Difference scores are usually used wit.
2 4. A researcher is interested in the level of ideolog.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
2
4. A researcher is interested in the level of ideological consistency among Democrats and Republicans.
She creates a measure of ideological consistency that ranges from 0 (total lack of consistency) to 10
(absolute consistency). What kind of statistical test should the researcher employ?
A. Chi-Square
B. Guessing
C. Differences of Means Test
D. Correlation
5. Regression in appropriate when our dependent variable is measured at what level of measurement?
A. Interval
B. Ordinal
C. Nominal
D. Dummy
6. A type one error occurs…
A. When we incorrectly fail to reject the null hypothesis even though it is false
B. When we have measurement error in one of our variables
C. When we incorrectly reject the null hypothesis even though it is true
D. When the results of our analysis do not support our alternative hypothesis
7. Below are four different hypotheses, which of the four should be tested using a one tailed test?
A. Democrats and Republicans will differ in their support for tax cuts
B. Republicans will be more supportive of tax cuts than Democrats
C. Republicans and Democrats will not differ in their support for tax cuts
D. Support for tax cuts will differ by party
8. In Chi Square testing our expected frequencies are…
A. The frequencies we would expect to observe if the null hypothesis was true
B. The frequencies we actually observe
3
C. The frequencies we would expect to observe if the alternative hypothesis was true
D. The frequencies we would expect to observe if the null hypothesis was false
9. A researcher is interested in testing whether males and females differ in their level of political
knowledge. To test this the researcher administers a political knowledge test to a sample of 10 males
and 10 females. Tests are scored out of 100 points. What statistical test should the researcher use to
test her hypothesis that males and females will differ in their level of political knowledge. (Hint think
about what test is appropriate for the level of measurement of these variables)
A. Correlation
B. Chi Square
C. Difference of Means Test
D. Standard Deviation
10. Outliers are a particular problem for which statistical test?
A. Correlation
B. Regression
C. Difference of Means
D. Chi Square
11. In regression our constant (Y intercept) is equal to:
A. The predicted value of Y when all of the X’s in our model = 0
B. The expected change in Y associated with a one unit change in X
C. The predicted value of X when all the Y’s in our model = 0
D. The expected change in X associated with a one unit change in Y
12. If we decrease our probability of making a Type 1 error we…
A. Decease our probability of making a Type 2 error
B. Increase our probability of making a Type 2 error
C. Have the same probability of making a Type 2 error
D. Have 0 probability of making a Type 2 error
4
13. Correlation and regression ana ...
Running head DISCUSSION ESSAY1DISCUSSION ESSAY4Di.docxtodd271
Running head: DISCUSSION ESSAY
1
DISCUSSION ESSAY
4
Discussion Essay
Name
Academic Institution
April 1, 2019
Discussion Essay
Social control plays a major role in my own life since it dictates what I should do and what I should not. This element claims a degree of my liberty to make choices since I am compelled to please society or find myself in trouble. By this, I am expected to socialize with a certain class of people or else breaking this norm may leave people feeling disappointed with me. I am also expected to carry myself in accordance with my age or else people will think that I have lost my mind or being childish, while as I may simply be in a mood to let loose and just live my life in a care free way even for a moment, because after all it is my life.
On the other hand, social control helps to shape my life in becoming a responsible youth, and the desire to meet this expectation helps in clearing my perception of matters, which also develops my perspective in relation to what society considers moral or immoral. For example, it shapes my position regarding some activities that I would otherwise consider fun yet in the real sense are criminal in nature. As a young person, I feel energetic and adventurous and fun for me is anything thrilling (Lilly et al., 2011). Presently, there are many activities that a young person can indulge in for a thrilling experience. They could include crazy driving, trying out drugs and other substances, or a weekend getaway spree under no adult supervision, just to mention but a few. However, social control comes in handy and redirects such contemplations through the guiding sense it offers through the wisdom of experienced adults such as my parents, teachers, and other guardians in my life.
The power of social influence from my community has helped to develop a sense of commitment within me to follow our social norms. As such, I would say that I see the effect of Travis Hirschi’s social bond theory, which supposes that delinquency occurs in the absence of, or when social bonds are weak (Hirschi, 2002). However, crime is easily averted when social bonds are strong. As such, in an event of social deviance, the strong association I share with parents and community plays a vital role of dissuading me from indulging in delinquency because I have accepted the social conditions of my social group.
Social conditioning has helped me to become a college student instead of being involved in criminal activity. I come from a family that does not take misbehavior kindly. Getting involved in criminal activity is met with harshness from my parents, my father especially. I remember this time immediately after receiving my college acceptance letter. A new neighbor moved in with their two sons of my age and I was more than thrilled to have them for company. Apparently, both boys were using pot and they introduced me on this rainy Saturday evening (Lilly et al., 2011). My first experience set me out of contro.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
2. Summary
• Recreation of Asch’s Conformity Experiment
at Hope College
• Unanimous confederates state incorrect
answers
• Subject is either conformist or nonconformist
to their point of views
• Conformity Questionnaire
• Levels based on amounts of people
pressuring to conform
3.
4. Purpose
• Test the effects of social influences on
a person, and the respective person’s
gender on conformity.
• Conformity is modification in behavior
that happens as result of real or
perceived pressure from a group.
• Social influence is the impact that
others have on a person.
5. Literature Review
Asch, (1955) Opinions and Social Pressure : Psychology lab of
famous study on conformity. Our study is loosely based off of
Asch’s experiment.
Latane, (1981) The Psychology of Social Impact : Outlines Social
Impact Theory. Uses equation I=F(SIN) do describe social
impact forces. As numbers increase, impact forces
exponentially increase.
Myers, (2009) Social Psychology : Conformity increases with
number but there are decreasing returns after five people.
Informational influence happens when people go along with
a group in order to be correct. Normative influence occurs
when people go along with group in order to fit in.
Cacioppo, Petty (1980) Sex Differences in Influenceability:
Towards Specifying the Underlying Processes : Women are
more susceptible to social influence than men are.
6. Research Question #1
• How much does a person think he or she
will conform depending on amount of
confederates exerting pressure?
• Hypothesis: A person thinks that a larger
amount of confederates present exert a
greater amount of influence (in terms of
conformity).
• ANOVA
7. Research Question #2
• Are people more likely to conform in
small or large groups?
• Hypothesis: People are more likely to
conform in large groups.
• Chi-Square
8. Research Question #3
• Does conformity vary with between gender?
• Hypothesis: There is a difference in levels of
conformity between gender.
• Chi-Square
10. Participants
• Wyckoff, Scott, and Phelps Halls
• Convenience Sample
• Confederates are asked previously
• Exclude Psychology majors and minors
• All subjects are subjected to control
and manipulated variable
11. Setting
• Wyckoff, Scott, and Phelps Halls
• Dorm room
• Chairs are set up in semicircle
• 10 pm start
12. Materials
• Agreement survey: determines
gender, agreement, and name- these
were thrown out in order to ensure
anonymity
• Pictures of circles: 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B
(circles are of obvious size difference)
13. Variables
• Gender: dichotomous and qualitative
• Confederates: qualitative and
continuous (also divided into control
and manipulated levels)
• Incorrect answers: qualitative and
continuous
14. Procedure
• Recruit and instruct confederates and
prepare material and setting
• Recruit subjects
• Instructions for subjects
• Round 1: Control (no conformity
affects)
• Round 2: Manipulated (test conformity
affects)
15. Chi-Square
• Experiment
• Population: Wyckoff, Scott, Phelps Hall
• Sample: Residents
• N = 46
• Ho: There is no relationship between
where a the number of confederates and
incorrect answers.
• Ha: There is a relationship between the
number of confederates and incorrect
answers.
16. How does the number of social
influences affect conformity?
IV: Number of Confederates (3 or 7)
DV: Incorrect Answers (Correct(0) or Incorrect(1))
Real Conclusion: The Null is plausible (p-value=.475).
The number of social influences does not have an
Influence on incorrect answers.
17. Fathom
• Failed Assumption: less than 5 in 2 cells
Test of Collection 1 Goodness of Fit
Attribute: (categorical): Incorrect Function Plot
Test of Collection 1
Count 0
0.35
0 30 0.30
Incorrect
1 10
0.25
Column Summary 40
0.20
Ho: Categories of Incorrect are equally likely
Number of categories: 2 0.15
Chi-square: 9.478
0.10
DF: 1
P-value: 0.0021
0 0.05
0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
chi-square
y = chiSquareDensity ( ,df )
x
19. Chi-Square
• Experiment
• Population: Phelps and Scott Halls
• Sample: Residents
• N = 31
H0: There is no relationship between gender
and incorrect answers.
HA: There is relationship between gender
and incorrect answers.
20. How does the number of social
influences affect conformity?
IV: Gender (Male or Female)
DV: Incorrect Answers (Correct(0) or Incorrect(1))
Real Conclusion: The Null is plausible (p-value=.458).
Gender does not have an influence on incorrect
answers.
21. Fathom
• Failed assumption: less than 5 in 1 cell
Test of Collection 2 Goodness of Fit Test of Collection 2 Function Plot
Attribute: (categorical): Incorrect 0
0.35
Count 0.30
C 23 0.25
Incorrect
I 8 0.20
Column Summary 31 0.15
Ho: Categories of Incorrect are equally likely
Number of categories: 2 0.10
Chi-square: 7.258 0.05
DF: 1
P-value: 0.0071
0 0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
chi-square
y = chiSquareDensity ( , )
x df
22. Are male or females more
likely to conform?
No
24. Participants
• Wyckoff, Scott, and Phelps Halls
• Random Sample
• People in the hallways or with open
rooms are asked if they would take the
survey
25. Materials
• Conformity Survey
• Four Levels: 1, 3, 7, or 15 social
influences
• Questions are based off of conformity
scenario with friends from college
• Questions are on scale of how likely a
person is to conform from 1 (very
unlikely) through 5 (very likely)
27. Procedure
• Ask students if they would fill out the
survey
• Read introduction script
• Allow them to fill out survey
• When they complete the survey, read
them the debriefing script
28. ANOVA
• Survey
• Population: Wyckoff, Scott, Phelps Halls
• Sample: Residents
• N=18
• Ho: There is no significant mean difference in
conformity among those with numbers of
social influences. µ1=µ3=µ7=µ15
• Ha: µ1 ≠ µ3; µ1 ≠ µ7; µ1 ≠ µ15; µ3 ≠ µ7; µ3 ≠ µ
15; µ7 ≠ µ15
29. Does a Greater Number of
Influences Make One More Likely to
Conform? IV: Influences (7 group, 3
group, 7 control group, 3
control group)
DV: Incorrect Answers
P
O
o
Conclusion: The
r null is rejected in favor of the alternative
(p-value=.000).
p There is a difference in the likelihood of
o
conformity when there are different numbers of influences.
32. Bias Reduction for Experiment
• Shield subjects from true nature of
experiment
• Confidentiality for three days
• Room obscurity/similarity
• Confederates sign permission slips as well
• Psych majors and minors are excluded
• Use of scripts
• Confederates confidentiality
33. Lurking Variables in Experiment
• Lack of random sampling
• Many people knew of Asch’s experiment
before our study
• Sample is only made up of three dorms
• Gender of confederates probably played a
role in conformity between gender
• ELIMINATED: cases with errors (i.e. answered
before confederates, etc).
34. Bias Reduction in Survey
• People are not informed of topic
before completing
• Scenarios are similar
• Use of scripts
35. Lurking Variables in Survey
• Lack of random sampling
• There may be underlying preference
for certain scenarios even without
number of social influences
• Sample is only made up of three dorms
36. Conclusions for Hope
College
There is no significant difference in social conformity
between gender among Hope students.
There is no significant difference in conformity
regarding number of social influences in real life
situations.
Hope students perceive that the presence of 7 social
influences is the optimal number (of the four
choices) of social influences for a high likelihood of
conformity.
All of this can only be attributed to Hope College.
38. What is True About Conformity?
• It exists.
• The number of influences does determine
the amount of conformity as found in other
experiments (our experiment did not back
this up however).
• Gender of social influences may play a role
on subjects depending subjects’ gender
(females influence females more and visa
versa).
• There are various types of conformity.
39. Is Conformity All Bad or Is it
Sometimes Good?
• Conformity is necessary for society to
run smoothly.
• Conformity can be negative or
positive depending on the result and
intention.
40. References
Latane, B. (1981). The Psychology of Social Impact.
American Psychologist, 36, 343-356.
Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and Social
Pressure. Scientific American, 31-35.
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