Gallstones are crystal like collections that formed by merging of normal and abnormal gallbladder content. Usually there are two types of gallstones exist i.e. cholesterol stones & pigment stones. The current paper focuses on symptoms of the disease, major cause for the disease and on the treatments that majority of patients preferred. For this purpose, sample of size 170 data from different hospitals in Multan is collected by using convenience sampling. Main demographic factors involved in this study are Gender, Age group, marital status for patients of GSD. Frequency distribution has been formed for these different demographic and social factors and a bar chart is constructed for differentiating between gender as gender is also an important factor in GSD. For weight factor, paired t test is applied to see the difference between before and after weight after having treatment. Findings show that 67 percent people prefer govt. hospitals because of the people suffering from this disease were from backward areas or villages & their income not meet to pay the private hospitals expense.
Estimation of Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICR...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Total and Cause-Specific Mortality of U.S. Nurses Working Rotating Night ShiftsEmergency Live
Know more on http://www.emergency-live.com
Total and Cause-Specific Mortality of U.S.
Nurses Working Rotating Night Shifts
Fangyi Gu, MD, ScD, Jiali Han, PhD, Francine Laden, ScD, An Pan, PhD, Neil E. Caporaso, MD,
Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPH, Ichiro Kawachi, MD, PhD, Kathryn M. Rexrode, MD, MPH,
Walter C. Willett,MD, DrPH, Susan E. Hankinson, ScD, Frank E. Speizer,MD, Eva S. Schernhammer,MD, DrPH
Background: Rotating night shift work imposes circadian strain and is linked to the risk of several
chronic diseases.
Purpose: To examine associations between rotating night shift work and all-cause; cardiovascular
disease (CVD); and cancer mortality in a prospective cohort study of 74,862 registered U.S. nurses
from the Nurses’ Health Study.
Methods: Lifetime rotating night shift work (defined as Z3 nights/month) information was
collected in 1988. During 22 years (1988–2010) of follow-up, 14,181 deaths were documented,
including 3,062 CVD and 5,413 cancer deaths. Cox proportional hazards models estimated
multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.
Results: All-cause and CVD mortality were significantly increased among women withZ5 years of
rotating night shift work, compared to women who never worked night shifts. Specifically, for
women with 6–14 and Z15 years of rotating night shift work, the HRs were 1.11 (95% CI¼1.06,
1.17) and 1.11 (95% CI¼1.05, 1.18) for all-cause mortality and 1.19 (95% CI¼1.07, 1.33) and 1.23
(95% CI¼1.09, 1.38) for CVD mortality. There was no significant association between rotating night
shift work and all-cancer mortality (HRZ15years¼1.08, 95% CI¼0.98, 1.19) or mortality of any
individual cancer, with the exception of lung cancer (HRZ15years¼1.25, 95% CI¼1.04, 1.51).
Conclusions: Women working rotating night shifts for Z5 years have a modest increase in allcause
and CVD mortality; those working Z15 years of rotating night shift work have a modest
increase in lung cancer mortality. These results add to prior evidence of a potentially detrimental
effect of rotating night shift work on health and longevity.
(Am J Prev Med 2015;](]):]]]–]]]) & 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. All rights reserved.
Novel Approach Of Diabetes Disease Classification By Support Vector Machine W...IJARIIT
Early diagnosis of any disease with less cost is always preferable. Diabetes is one such disease. It has become the fourth leading cause of death in developed countries and is also reaching epidemic proportions in many developing and newly industrialized nations. Diabetes leads to increase in the risks of developing kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage, blood vessel damage and heart disease also. In this study, we investigate an automatic approach to diagnose Diabetes disease based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Artificial Neural Network .firstly, we applied Bacterial Foraging Optimization for features selection and then we implement artificial neural network for finding out the classification accuracy. The proposed SVM method obtains 87.23% accuracy on UCI diabetes dataset which is better than other models.
Secondly, we applied again Bacterial foraging optimization for features selection and then we applied support vector machine for finding out the classification accuracy .The proposed Correlation with SVM method obtains on UCI dataset.
Estimation of Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICR...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Total and Cause-Specific Mortality of U.S. Nurses Working Rotating Night ShiftsEmergency Live
Know more on http://www.emergency-live.com
Total and Cause-Specific Mortality of U.S.
Nurses Working Rotating Night Shifts
Fangyi Gu, MD, ScD, Jiali Han, PhD, Francine Laden, ScD, An Pan, PhD, Neil E. Caporaso, MD,
Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPH, Ichiro Kawachi, MD, PhD, Kathryn M. Rexrode, MD, MPH,
Walter C. Willett,MD, DrPH, Susan E. Hankinson, ScD, Frank E. Speizer,MD, Eva S. Schernhammer,MD, DrPH
Background: Rotating night shift work imposes circadian strain and is linked to the risk of several
chronic diseases.
Purpose: To examine associations between rotating night shift work and all-cause; cardiovascular
disease (CVD); and cancer mortality in a prospective cohort study of 74,862 registered U.S. nurses
from the Nurses’ Health Study.
Methods: Lifetime rotating night shift work (defined as Z3 nights/month) information was
collected in 1988. During 22 years (1988–2010) of follow-up, 14,181 deaths were documented,
including 3,062 CVD and 5,413 cancer deaths. Cox proportional hazards models estimated
multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.
Results: All-cause and CVD mortality were significantly increased among women withZ5 years of
rotating night shift work, compared to women who never worked night shifts. Specifically, for
women with 6–14 and Z15 years of rotating night shift work, the HRs were 1.11 (95% CI¼1.06,
1.17) and 1.11 (95% CI¼1.05, 1.18) for all-cause mortality and 1.19 (95% CI¼1.07, 1.33) and 1.23
(95% CI¼1.09, 1.38) for CVD mortality. There was no significant association between rotating night
shift work and all-cancer mortality (HRZ15years¼1.08, 95% CI¼0.98, 1.19) or mortality of any
individual cancer, with the exception of lung cancer (HRZ15years¼1.25, 95% CI¼1.04, 1.51).
Conclusions: Women working rotating night shifts for Z5 years have a modest increase in allcause
and CVD mortality; those working Z15 years of rotating night shift work have a modest
increase in lung cancer mortality. These results add to prior evidence of a potentially detrimental
effect of rotating night shift work on health and longevity.
(Am J Prev Med 2015;](]):]]]–]]]) & 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. All rights reserved.
Novel Approach Of Diabetes Disease Classification By Support Vector Machine W...IJARIIT
Early diagnosis of any disease with less cost is always preferable. Diabetes is one such disease. It has become the fourth leading cause of death in developed countries and is also reaching epidemic proportions in many developing and newly industrialized nations. Diabetes leads to increase in the risks of developing kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage, blood vessel damage and heart disease also. In this study, we investigate an automatic approach to diagnose Diabetes disease based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Artificial Neural Network .firstly, we applied Bacterial Foraging Optimization for features selection and then we implement artificial neural network for finding out the classification accuracy. The proposed SVM method obtains 87.23% accuracy on UCI diabetes dataset which is better than other models.
Secondly, we applied again Bacterial foraging optimization for features selection and then we applied support vector machine for finding out the classification accuracy .The proposed Correlation with SVM method obtains on UCI dataset.
Erectile Dysfunction and Risk Factors in Male Peruvian Hemodialysis Patientsasclepiuspdfs
Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition in patients with renal disease, but little is known about the prevalence of ED in some specific groups of patients such as Peruvian hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of ED in HD patients (n = 390) in Lima, Peru. The prevalence and severity of ED were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function with the validated Peruvian version. The dependence of ED on independent variables was evaluated by logistic regression. P ≤ 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in S...asclepiuspdfs
Background and Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is an increasingly important clinical and public health issue is associated with cardiovascular disease. Epidemiologic studies have also linked metabolic syndrome (MetS) with an increased risk of incident CKD. Therefore, the present study was designed retrospectively to find the prevalence and potential risk factors of CKD in patients with MetS in Saudi Arabia.
Crimson Publishers: Insulin Therapy and Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOTs)...CrimsonGastroenterology
The therapeutic management of diabetes may on its own increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) risk markers – directly or indirectly – through their pharmacological actions (e.g. side effects as hypoglycaemia), or some metabolic changes (e.g. Weight-Gain, increased BP, etc.). As these risks may not have been anticipated or immediately noticed during clinical trials, 1 post hoc analyses and epidemiological follow up of clinical trials have raised concerns about the CV safety of some drugs used in the management of diabetes.
Prof. Nicholas Harvey's presentation from Osteoporosis 2016: Calcium, with or without vitamin D supplementation, is not associated with ischaemic heart disease or cardiac death: the UK Biobank cohort.
Find out more at: https://nos.org.uk/conference
A comparative analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters in diabeti...amsjournal
This study evaluated the biochemical and the hematological parameters in diabetic and non- diabetic patients. The measured biochemical parameters were fasting blood sugar, serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and hematological parameters were hemoglobin, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte,monocyte, eosinophil and ESR. There were 403 diabetic and 320 non-diabetic subjects included in this study and the study was carried out in BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders) General Hospital). It was observed that the mean values of SGPT/ALT (p<0.001),><0.001)><0.001)><0.001),><0.004),><0.001) of hematological parameters were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic patients. In univariate analysis, all biochemical parameters and only four hematological parameters were found significantly associated with fasting blood sugar after adjusted with age and sex. The fasting blood sugar correlates highly with the other biochemical parameters but less or none with the hematological parameters. Our findings demonstrated that control of increased biochemical parameters and abnormal hematological levels in the early stage of diabetes mellitus may help the patients to raise quality of life.
Cereal fibre and hypertension: could it be the new salt?MichelleBroom
The results from my systematic review indicate emerging evidence that a 10g/d increased intake of soluble cereal fibre can reduce blood pressure in older (>50yrs) and hypertensive adults by between 5 and 7mmHg. This reduction is clinically comparable to the expected effects of a salt reduced diet.
Prevalence and Correlates of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Women Attendin...AJHSSR Journal
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder which affects 5% to10%
of women worldwide. The disease is caused by insulin resistant that results in hyperinsulinaemia, and further
stimulates the excessive production of androgen and luteinizing hormone. Hyperandrogenism which is referred
to the excessive production of androgen leads to the clinical conditions like acne, obesity, alopecia and irregular
menstruation. Previous studies have shown the risk factors of PCOS include age, ethnicity, obesity, smoking,
alcohol consumption and menstrual problem. A cross sectional study was conducted at infertility clinic in
Hospital Serdang. Simple random sampling was adopted to recruit 138 women who attended the infertile clinic.
Data including sociodemographic data, lifestyle factors, medical disorders, gynaecology disorders, family
medical history, menstrual problem, diagnostic criteria of PCOS, metabolic parameters, and causes of infertility,
were retrieved from medical record. Chi square test and SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Among
138 participants, 37.7% are diagnosed with PCOS and 62.3% are not diagnosed with PCOS. Among PCOS
patients, 92.3% are found to age less than 35 years old, 90.4% Malay, 75% with menstrual problem and 80.8%
obese. Age, menstrual problem, and obesity were significantly associated with PCOS diagnosis. Measures like
medical education and healthy lifestyle should be implemented to prevent the complications of PCOS.
Hypoglycaemia and improved testicular parameters in Sesamum radiatum treated ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
The development of a new dietary adjunct with a novel natural antioxidant impact on diabetes mellitus with prevention of its long term deleterious effect on the male fertility in general has been increasingly expressed in recent time. Hence, we aim to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of Sesame radiatum leaves on adult male Sprague Dawley rats’ testis using unbiased stereological, biochemical and hormonal studies. Thirty adult male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. The treated groups; 1 and 2 received 28.0 and 14 mg/kg bwt of aqueous extract of sesame leaves via oral garvage, respectively, while the control group received equal volume of 0.9% (w/v) normal saline per day for 6 weeks. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and blood glucose were assayed. In addition five microns of uniformly random transverse sections of processed testicular tissues were equally analyzed using an un-biased stereological study. The result showed that the mean percentage volume fractions (Vf) of epithelial cells and lumen of the testis were 76% (P<0.05)><0.05),>0.05) higher than the control in a dose related manner. Serum testosterone and FSH were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the high dose sesame when compared to control. Sesame leaves intake improved glucose profile and testicular parameters in a dose related manner via possible improved insulin activity on the cells with a stimulatory impact on sperm production. This also confirmed its folkloric claims.
RunningHead: PICOT Question 1
RunningHead: PICOT Question 7
PICOT Question
Avery Bryan
NRS-433V
Professor Christine Vannelli
May 19, 2019
Clinical Problem
A report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 revealed that (9.4%) 30.3 million Americans are diabetic and 84.1 million have prediabetes. This is a total population of over 100 million is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a growing health problem being the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. An estimated 1.5 million new cases were among 18-year old bracket and the rates of diagnosed diabetes increased proportionally to age. Below 44 years accounted for 4%, below 64 years at 17 % and 25% for those above 65 years across both genders. One-third of adults in America has prediabetes but sadly, they are unaware despite reports released by The National Diabetes Statistics Report every year. These reports elaborate on prevalence and incidence, prediabetes, long-term complications, risk factors, mortality, and cost. Diabetes poses the risk of serious complications like death, blindness, stroke, kidney disorders, cardiac diseases and health problems that lead to amputation of legs. However, the risks can be mitigated through physical body activities, proper dieting and prescribed use of insulin and other related measures to control the blood sugar levels. Diabetes Prevention Program was funded by NIH to research a yearly evidence-based program to improve healthy weight loss through diet and physical activities. There also efforts to determine the effectiveness of public service campaigns in improving the real-life experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
PICOT Question.
The population affected by diabetes cuts across all ages, gender, race, and ethnicity. The prevalence is significantly high from 18 years and it increases with age to about 25% above 65 years. In terms of gender, men are at higher risk accounting for 37% while women are at 30% across races and educational levels. On races, the rates were higher among Indians/Alaska natives at 15%, non-Hispanic blacks at 12.7% and Hispanics at 12%. Among Asians, the rates were lower at 8% and 7.4% for non-Hispanic whites.
Intervention indicator for diabetes shows that individuals who do not observe a healthy diet are more exposed to the disease. Some risk behaviors include lack of exercise and excessive intake of junk foods that lead to obesity and increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes prevalence varied according to education levels were those with less than high school education at 12.6% and 7.2% for those higher than high school education.
Comparison and use of a control group from the popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine showed distinct knowledge of diabetes, blood sugar control, and self-care. The experimental group received education through interactive multimedia for three months while the control group received.
Erectile Dysfunction and Risk Factors in Male Peruvian Hemodialysis Patientsasclepiuspdfs
Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition in patients with renal disease, but little is known about the prevalence of ED in some specific groups of patients such as Peruvian hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of ED in HD patients (n = 390) in Lima, Peru. The prevalence and severity of ED were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function with the validated Peruvian version. The dependence of ED on independent variables was evaluated by logistic regression. P ≤ 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in S...asclepiuspdfs
Background and Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is an increasingly important clinical and public health issue is associated with cardiovascular disease. Epidemiologic studies have also linked metabolic syndrome (MetS) with an increased risk of incident CKD. Therefore, the present study was designed retrospectively to find the prevalence and potential risk factors of CKD in patients with MetS in Saudi Arabia.
Crimson Publishers: Insulin Therapy and Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOTs)...CrimsonGastroenterology
The therapeutic management of diabetes may on its own increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) risk markers – directly or indirectly – through their pharmacological actions (e.g. side effects as hypoglycaemia), or some metabolic changes (e.g. Weight-Gain, increased BP, etc.). As these risks may not have been anticipated or immediately noticed during clinical trials, 1 post hoc analyses and epidemiological follow up of clinical trials have raised concerns about the CV safety of some drugs used in the management of diabetes.
Prof. Nicholas Harvey's presentation from Osteoporosis 2016: Calcium, with or without vitamin D supplementation, is not associated with ischaemic heart disease or cardiac death: the UK Biobank cohort.
Find out more at: https://nos.org.uk/conference
A comparative analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters in diabeti...amsjournal
This study evaluated the biochemical and the hematological parameters in diabetic and non- diabetic patients. The measured biochemical parameters were fasting blood sugar, serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and hematological parameters were hemoglobin, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte,monocyte, eosinophil and ESR. There were 403 diabetic and 320 non-diabetic subjects included in this study and the study was carried out in BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders) General Hospital). It was observed that the mean values of SGPT/ALT (p<0.001),><0.001)><0.001)><0.001),><0.004),><0.001) of hematological parameters were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic patients. In univariate analysis, all biochemical parameters and only four hematological parameters were found significantly associated with fasting blood sugar after adjusted with age and sex. The fasting blood sugar correlates highly with the other biochemical parameters but less or none with the hematological parameters. Our findings demonstrated that control of increased biochemical parameters and abnormal hematological levels in the early stage of diabetes mellitus may help the patients to raise quality of life.
Cereal fibre and hypertension: could it be the new salt?MichelleBroom
The results from my systematic review indicate emerging evidence that a 10g/d increased intake of soluble cereal fibre can reduce blood pressure in older (>50yrs) and hypertensive adults by between 5 and 7mmHg. This reduction is clinically comparable to the expected effects of a salt reduced diet.
Prevalence and Correlates of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Women Attendin...AJHSSR Journal
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder which affects 5% to10%
of women worldwide. The disease is caused by insulin resistant that results in hyperinsulinaemia, and further
stimulates the excessive production of androgen and luteinizing hormone. Hyperandrogenism which is referred
to the excessive production of androgen leads to the clinical conditions like acne, obesity, alopecia and irregular
menstruation. Previous studies have shown the risk factors of PCOS include age, ethnicity, obesity, smoking,
alcohol consumption and menstrual problem. A cross sectional study was conducted at infertility clinic in
Hospital Serdang. Simple random sampling was adopted to recruit 138 women who attended the infertile clinic.
Data including sociodemographic data, lifestyle factors, medical disorders, gynaecology disorders, family
medical history, menstrual problem, diagnostic criteria of PCOS, metabolic parameters, and causes of infertility,
were retrieved from medical record. Chi square test and SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Among
138 participants, 37.7% are diagnosed with PCOS and 62.3% are not diagnosed with PCOS. Among PCOS
patients, 92.3% are found to age less than 35 years old, 90.4% Malay, 75% with menstrual problem and 80.8%
obese. Age, menstrual problem, and obesity were significantly associated with PCOS diagnosis. Measures like
medical education and healthy lifestyle should be implemented to prevent the complications of PCOS.
Hypoglycaemia and improved testicular parameters in Sesamum radiatum treated ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
The development of a new dietary adjunct with a novel natural antioxidant impact on diabetes mellitus with prevention of its long term deleterious effect on the male fertility in general has been increasingly expressed in recent time. Hence, we aim to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of Sesame radiatum leaves on adult male Sprague Dawley rats’ testis using unbiased stereological, biochemical and hormonal studies. Thirty adult male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. The treated groups; 1 and 2 received 28.0 and 14 mg/kg bwt of aqueous extract of sesame leaves via oral garvage, respectively, while the control group received equal volume of 0.9% (w/v) normal saline per day for 6 weeks. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and blood glucose were assayed. In addition five microns of uniformly random transverse sections of processed testicular tissues were equally analyzed using an un-biased stereological study. The result showed that the mean percentage volume fractions (Vf) of epithelial cells and lumen of the testis were 76% (P<0.05)><0.05),>0.05) higher than the control in a dose related manner. Serum testosterone and FSH were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the high dose sesame when compared to control. Sesame leaves intake improved glucose profile and testicular parameters in a dose related manner via possible improved insulin activity on the cells with a stimulatory impact on sperm production. This also confirmed its folkloric claims.
RunningHead: PICOT Question 1
RunningHead: PICOT Question 7
PICOT Question
Avery Bryan
NRS-433V
Professor Christine Vannelli
May 19, 2019
Clinical Problem
A report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 revealed that (9.4%) 30.3 million Americans are diabetic and 84.1 million have prediabetes. This is a total population of over 100 million is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a growing health problem being the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. An estimated 1.5 million new cases were among 18-year old bracket and the rates of diagnosed diabetes increased proportionally to age. Below 44 years accounted for 4%, below 64 years at 17 % and 25% for those above 65 years across both genders. One-third of adults in America has prediabetes but sadly, they are unaware despite reports released by The National Diabetes Statistics Report every year. These reports elaborate on prevalence and incidence, prediabetes, long-term complications, risk factors, mortality, and cost. Diabetes poses the risk of serious complications like death, blindness, stroke, kidney disorders, cardiac diseases and health problems that lead to amputation of legs. However, the risks can be mitigated through physical body activities, proper dieting and prescribed use of insulin and other related measures to control the blood sugar levels. Diabetes Prevention Program was funded by NIH to research a yearly evidence-based program to improve healthy weight loss through diet and physical activities. There also efforts to determine the effectiveness of public service campaigns in improving the real-life experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
PICOT Question.
The population affected by diabetes cuts across all ages, gender, race, and ethnicity. The prevalence is significantly high from 18 years and it increases with age to about 25% above 65 years. In terms of gender, men are at higher risk accounting for 37% while women are at 30% across races and educational levels. On races, the rates were higher among Indians/Alaska natives at 15%, non-Hispanic blacks at 12.7% and Hispanics at 12%. Among Asians, the rates were lower at 8% and 7.4% for non-Hispanic whites.
Intervention indicator for diabetes shows that individuals who do not observe a healthy diet are more exposed to the disease. Some risk behaviors include lack of exercise and excessive intake of junk foods that lead to obesity and increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes prevalence varied according to education levels were those with less than high school education at 12.6% and 7.2% for those higher than high school education.
Comparison and use of a control group from the popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine showed distinct knowledge of diabetes, blood sugar control, and self-care. The experimental group received education through interactive multimedia for three months while the control group received.
Efficiency of Use of Dietary Supplement Arteroprotect® In Prevention of Cardi...inventionjournals
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in most developed countries and in many developing countries. The main cause of cardiovascular disease in 95% cases is supposed to be atherosclerosis, and the symptoms occur when the process is already at an advanced stage of disease. Present study was conducted to examine an efficiency of ARTEROprotect® (by Abela Pharm, Serbia) in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The study was conducted by 76 doctors in primary health centers throughout the Republic of Serbia as a prospective clinical study of two groups of subjects. The study group included 4031 subjects (1785 males and 2246 females) who were taking ARTEROprotect® , while the control group consisted of 2564 subjects (1135 males and 1428 females) who were not taking it. Based on the results, dietary supplement ARTEROprotect® , used alone, could contribute to lowering levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol; in combination with a statin it can achieve the target value of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol.
Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of erectile dysfunction in a population of diabetic patients in the Thies region.
Presentazione a cura del Dottor Riccardo Marmo - "HOT TOPICS IN GASTROENTEROLOGIA - I TUMORI DELL'APPARATO DIGERENTE: cosa è cambiato e cosa bisogna sapere" - Roma 10/11/2018
Clinical Question: Does meat consumption affect mortality?
Evidence: All-cause mortality is higher for increased daily consumption of red meat, especially processed meat. However, the compiled evidence does not link other meat products to all-cause mortality.
Recommendation: Physicians should encourage patients to limit animal products when possible, and substitute red meat and processed red meat with plant-based foods. Patients may supplement a plant-based diet with moderate amounts of fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy if desired.
Managing DM and thyroid disease in shift workersNemencio Jr
This slide deck discusses the effects of shift work on physiology and behavior of thyroid axis and beta cell function and risk of diabetes, including glucose control among those with diabetes. Management strategies are also discussed
Background: Cervical screening through conventional cervical cytology is most commonly used throughout the world. The Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and in developing countries, the leading cause of death. It is one of the most preventable and curable of all cancers.
Objective: To Study the role of Pap smear in detecting neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of cervix and to determine the occurrence of various lesions in remote area of Bagalkot.
Methods: This is prospective study of 240 women with age group 20 to 60 years was carried out from May 2015 to June 2016 cytology section of pathology department, S. Nijalingappa Medical College & H.S.K Hospital & Research Centre, Bagalkot, India. Pap smears were prepared, fixed, stained and carefully examined.
Results: In this study, Reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation was the most common with 182 cases (75.8%) followed by Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) with 11 cases (4.5%), then atypical squamous epithelial cells of undetermined significance 8 cases (3.3%), High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with 5 cases (2.1%), Atrophy with 3 cases (1.3%) and Atypical Glandular Cell in 3 cases (1.3%). The average age of women for all the epithelial abnormalities was 40 years.
Conclusion: This study will increase awareness of the Pap test and cervical cancer, thereby paving a way for the prevention of cervical cancer.
Key-words- Pap smear, Cervical cancer, The Bethesda System, Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL)
Hypertension is commonly associated with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. The presence of these cardiovascular risk factors and the resulting endothelial dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Dyslipidaemia, a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease.
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shendi locality from February 2011 to July 2012. The patients underwent a clinical assessment, which included history (a questionnaire) and clinical examination. 100 hypertensive patients. The age limits was 40 to 60 years.
There was sharp and definite increase in the percentage of patients having >200mg/dl total cholesterol after four years of diabetes mellitus from (28-34%) to (41%). There was a sharp increase in the percentage of patients having >150mg/dl of low density lipoproteins after 6 years of diabetes mellitus from ( 8 - 9 )% to (14.2%). There was also an increase in the percentage of patients having <160mg/dl of triglycerides after four years of diabetes mellitus from 53% to 61% of diabetes.
Increasing lipid abnormality of hypertensive is associated with higher incidence of CAD.
The objective of this study was to correlate human body weight and urine leukocytes. A complete blood cell analysis also measures the leukocytes level. In blood stream, if level of leukocytes is higher than normal it may an indication of infection. This infection may be in the bladder or in the urethral tube that carries urine from bladder. In urine, leucocytes may be due to kidney stones, pelvis tumor and any other type of blockage in urinary tract. Frequent urination, burning sensation and cloudy urine indicates leukocytes in urine. In this method, stick was dipped for few second in a sample container and then compared with the chart given. Dipstick procedure was followed and tested for the urine leukocytes. Results were analyzed by estimating the percentages of the samples. There were four different categories of body weights and also noted the readings accordingly. It was concluded that there was no significant relationship between body weight and urine leukocytes.
Study of Incidence and Etiology of Prolapse at Rural Based Teaching Hospitaltheijes
In our country as large number of woman deliver at home, usually conducted by untrained dias, incidence of prolapse is higher. The etiology of prolapse was discussed by ARETAEUS, a Greek physician who believed procedentiato be result of weakness of ligaments of the uterus. There are multiple etiological factors in the developed of prolapse. Diagnosis of prolapse at the earliest will help to reduce the complications of prolapse as well as continue child bearing function of the young woman.
Similar to Statistical analysis of risk factors associated with (20)
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Statistical analysis of risk factors associated with
1. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2018 757
ISSN 2250-3153
http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.8.2018.p8095 www.ijsrp.org
Statistical Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with
Cholelithiasis: A Case Control Study in Multan
Anam Javaid1
, Shahbaz Nawaz2
, Kinza Israr3
, Sumbal Javaid4
, Muhammad Kashan5
1,3
Women University Multan, Pakistan
2,5
Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
4
Nishter Medical college Multan, Pakistan
Anamjavaid0786@yahoo.com
DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.8.8.2018.p8095
http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.8.2018.p8095
Abstract- Gallstones are crystal like collections that formed by merging of normal and abnormal gallbladder content. Usually there are
two types of gallstones exist i.e. cholesterol stones & pigment stones. The current paper focuses on symptoms of the disease, major
cause for the disease and on the treatments that majority of patients preferred. For this purpose, sample of size 170 data from different
hospitals in Multan is collected by using convenience sampling. Main demographic factors involved in this study are Gender, Age
group, marital status for patients of GSD. Frequency distribution has been formed for these different demographic and social factors
and a bar chart is constructed for differentiating between gender as gender is also an important factor in GSD. For weight factor,
paired t test is applied to see the difference between before and after weight after having treatment. Findings show that 67 percent
people prefer govt. hospitals because of the people suffering from this disease were from backward areas or villages & their income
not meet to pay the private hospitals expense.
Index Terms- Biostatistics, Gallstone, Treatment, Hospital, Descriptive Analysis.
I. INTRODUCTION
his article summarize the factors that effected on Gallstone. People defined GSD in their own way as according to Adler et al.
(2004) Gallstones are not really stones. They are pieces of solid material form in gallbladder, a small organ located under the
liver. Gallstone may develop when there is too much cholesterol. However, if your liver makes more cholesterol than your bile
can dissolve, hard stones may develop. In the majority of patients cholesterol stones are present. In many people the cause for
gallstone appears to be interaction between hereditary cause and the diet. Many People Previously worked on gallstone as Chen
et al. (2006) Studied the risk factors and prevalence of gallstone disease and their aim was to determine the prevalence and risk
factors of gallstone disease (GSD) by taking adult Chinese population from Taiwan. Loria et al. (2005) reported insulin
resistance is a risk factor of the gallstone disease in non-fatty liver (NAFLD). They diagnosed by ultrasonography complete with
(NAFLD) in 61 patients out of 161 patients. Festi et al. (2008) studied the gallstone incidence and risk factors in a large
population through questionnaire and physical examination. They found that 9618 out of 18179 (86.5%) subjects were gallstone
free at the cross sectional study and age in men and BMI in females were predictors of pain. By using logistic regression analysis,
odd ratio, hazard regression, multivariate analysis increasing age and BMI represent true risk factors for gallstones disease; pain
in a right hypochondrium and epigastria is confirmed as the only symptoms related to gallstones. Leitzmann et al. (1998)
discussed about physical activity that it cause decreases risk for symptomatic gallstone disease in men or not by taking data of
45813 men aged 40 to 75 years old were followed from 1886 to 1894. They used multivariate logistic model and found that 34%
of cases of symptomatic gallstones disease in men could be prevented by increasing exercise to 30 minutes of endurance type
training pre times per week.Tsai et al. (2005) studied consumption of trans fatty acids in relation to the risk of gallstone disease in
a cohort of 45918 men transfatty acid consumption was assessed using a validated semi quantitative food frequency
questionnaire. Newly diagnosed gallstones disease by radiology or cholecystectomy was ascertained biennially. During 14 years
of follow up were documented 2356 new cases of symptomatic GS. They used multivariate analysis and the result suggested the
higher intake of trans fatty acid modestly increase risk of GS disease. This adds to the concern that partial hydrogenation of
vegetables oils to form shortening and margarine can lead to adverse health effects.
T
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http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.8.2018.p8095 www.ijsrp.org
II. Research Elaborations
For the analysis, data was taken from different private and govt. hospital from Multan by using convenience sampling. There
were 170 observations of Patients in sample study. For the analysis, descriptive statistics is constructed on different questions
from questionnaire and frequency distribution is formed for different variables. For percentage, a column of percentage is
constructed for different characteristics in the sample. Paired t test is performed to see the difference between weight increments.
For the analysis purpose SPSS software is used.
III. Results or Findings
A. Frequency Distribution
The total number of sample was 170 in which the male and female percentage can be shown from the following table also different
age groups for the patients in sample can be categorized as below:
Table 3.1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Sample
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 48 28.2%
Female 122 71.8%
Age Group
18-27 27 15.8%
28-43 64 37.6%
44-60 65 38.2%
61 or above 11 8.2%
Marital Status
Single 29 17%
Married 124 72.9%
Widowed 15 8.8%
Divorced 2 1.17%
Occupational Status
Private Hospital 61 35.8%
Government Sector 109 64.1%
The sample description shows that there are 48 males and 122 females in the survey while if we talk about the age description then 27
persons were lying in the range of 18-27, 64 persons were lying in the range of 28-43, 65 persons were lying in the range of 44-60,
and 14 persons were lying in the range of 61 or above. The selected sample was also distributed according to the marital status. There
were 29 single persons, 124 were married, 15 were widowed and 2 was divorced person. The sample was also considered according to
the profession. 61 persons were from private hospital, 109 persons were from govt. hospital. We also analysed about the last
symptoms of the disease that the patients feel last time before diagnosis so there was following symptoms they feel last time before
diagnose the disease:
Table 3.2 Frequency Distribution Last symptoms of disease
Last Symptoms of Disease Frequency Percent
Pain 41 24.1%
Nausea 7 4.1%
Vomiting 35 20.6%
Pain & nausea 13 7.6%
Pain, nausea & Vomit 11 6.47%
Others 63 37.1%
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Last Symptoms of Disease Frequency Percent
Pain 41 24.1%
Nausea 7 4.1%
Vomiting 35 20.6%
Pain & nausea 13 7.6%
Pain, nausea & Vomit 11 6.47%
Others 63 37.1%
Total 170 100%
The above table shows the frequency and percentage of last symptoms of GSD. It is clear that the percentage of others symptoms is
higher than the other factors which show that more person felt different other symptoms of GSD. Similarly nausea has less frequncy
as compare to other symptoms it means that only 7 people felt it as a last symptoms of GSD.There are certain treatments that people
prefered for this disease. The following table represent the frequency distribution about the types of treatments that people took after
diagnosis the disease.
Table 3.3 Frequency Distribution of Types of treatment
Type of Treatment Frequency Percent
X-ray 51 30%
Scan 2 1.2%
Endoscopy 8 4.7%
Ultrasound 76 44.7%
X-ray, scan and ultrasound 33 19.42%
Total 170 100%
The above table shows the frequency and percentage of type of treatment of GSD. It is clear that the percentage of ultrasound is
higher than the other factor which shows that more persons follow the treatment of ultrasound. Similarly scanning has less frequency
as compare to other type of treatments it means that only 2 people took it as a treatment of GSD.From literature, it is clear that there
are certain causes by which people effects from this disease so the following table show the analysis of different reasons people think
are the reason of effecting for this disease:
Table 3.4 Frequency Distribution of causes of GSD
Causes of GSD Frequency Percent
your genes 3 1.8%
Weight 17 10%
Diet 97 57.1%
Others 51 30%
Weight & Diet 2 1.2%
Total 170 100%
The above table shows the frequency and percentage of causes of GSD. It is clear that the percentage of other causes is higher than the
other factors which shows that more person felt different other causes of GSD. Similarly weight & diet less frequency as compare to
other causes it mean that only 2 people felt it as a causes of GSD.There was a question about the general symptoms of GSD. All the
responses are calculated and given in the table below;
Table 3.5 Frequency Distribution of General symptoms of GSD
General Symptoms Frequency Percent
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Constipation 22 12.9%
Swelling 20 11.8%
Indigestion 14 8.2%
Pain in abdomen 46 27.1%
Any two or three from above 40 24%
Others 28 16.5%
Total 170 100.0
The above table shows the frequency and percentage of general symptoms of GSD. It is clear that the percentage of pain in abdomen
is higher than the other factor which shows that more people felt pain in abdomen. Similarly indigestion has less frequency as compare
to other symptoms it means that only 14 people felt it as a general symptoms of GSD.
B. Bar Char
Gender is considered as an important factor in GSD as female effected more as compare to male in general from this disease so the
following graphical representation can help us to see the situation in our sample. The following figure of diseased & Non Diseased in
Gender are given below.
Figure 3.1 Frequency Distribution of Disease or no Disease in Gender
The above bar chart shows the gender and the GSD, from chart it is clear that female have more chances of gallstone disease as
compare to men and also from our collected data, more female were observed to having this disease.
C. Paired t-Test
As on gallstone, cholesterol level is a very important factor in having this disease. We can see that almost patients have more weight
before the treatment than having after the treatment. So we checked this assumption by using paired t test as follows.
H0: Patients have more weight after the treatment i.e. µD ≥ 0
H1: Patients have less weight after the treatment i.e. µD < 0
Table 3.6 paired samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 Weight before treatment 66.95 170 10.151 .779
weight after treatment 65.34 170 9.617 .738
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Table 3.7 Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 Weight before treatment & weight after treatment 170 .884 .000
From the above table, it can be seen that before treatment sample mean is greater than after treatment sample mean and the result can
be justified by testing of hypothesis as P< 0.05, so the results are significant i.e. patients have less weight after the treatment as
compare to before treatment.
IV. CONCLUSION
From the above results, the frequency for different causes and symptoms of the GSD can be seen and overall the majority reasons for
GSD, main symptoms of GSD and the treatments that majority of patients preferred can be seen from the descriptive analysis. From
Paired t test it is clear that people have less weight after the treatment as compare to before treatment while mostly people like to go in
govt. hospitals for the purpose of treatment because majority of them was from backward areas.
V. REFERENCES
Adler, G., Blum, H., Fuchs, M., & Stange, E. F. (2004). Gallstones: Pathogenesis and Treatment (Vol. 139): Springer Science & Business Media.
Chen, C. H., Huang, M. H., Yang, J. C., Nien, C. K., Etheredge, G. D., Yang,C. Yueh, S. K. (2006). Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease in an adult
population of Taiwan: an epidemiological survey. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 21(11), 1737-1743.
Loria, P., Lonardo, A., Lombardini, S., Carulli, L., Verrone, A., Ganazzi, D., . . . Carulli, N. (2005). Gallstone disease in non‐alcoholic fatty liver: Prevalence and
associated factors. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 20(8), 1176-1184
Festi, D., Dormi, A., Capodicasa, S., Staniscia, T., Attili, A. F., Loria, P., . . . Roda, E. (2008). Incidence of gallstone disease in Italy: results from a multicenter,
population-based Italian study (the MICOL project). World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 14(34), 5282.
Leitzmann, M. F., Giovannucci, E. L., Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Spiegelman, D., Wing, A. L., & Willett, W. C. (1998). The relation of physical activity to risk for
symptomatic gallstone disease in men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 128(6), 417-425.
Tsai, C.-J., Leitzmann, M. F., Willett, W. C., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2005). Long-term intake of trans-fatty acids and risk of gallstone disease in men. Archives of
internal medicine, 165(9), 1011-10.
AUTHORS
First Author – Anam Javaid, M. Phil (Statistics), The Women University Multan, Pakistan: anamjavaid0786@yahoo.com
Second Author – Shahbaz Nawaz, M.Phil (Statistics), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan:
Shahbazgurmani91@gmail.com
Third Author – Kinza Israr, BS (Statistics), The Women University Multan, Pakistan.
Fourth Author – Sumbal Javaid, Medical Student, Nishter Medical college Multan ,Pakistan.
Fifth Author– Muhammad Kashan, BS (biotechnology) student, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan.
Correspondence Author – anamjavaid, anamjavaid0786@yahoo.com