ASSESSING DEMOGRAPHIC DISPARITIES IN UTILIZATION OF INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS AMONG PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT ASTHMA
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This study analyzed demographic disparities in the utilization of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) among patients with persistent asthma using data from the National Asthma Survey. The results showed that over half of patients did not use ICS. African Americans and uninsured patients had significantly lower odds of using ICS compared to whites and insured patients respectively. Multivariate analysis controlling for demographic factors found that African Americans had lower odds than whites of using ICS, potentially due to lack of access to care and inconsistencies in treatment guidelines. Insurance status was also a significant predictor of ICS use, with insured patients having higher odds of use.
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![ASSESSING DEMOGRAPHIC DISPARITIES IN UTILIZATION OF INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS AMONG PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT ASTHMA Varun Vaidya1, PhD, Gautam Partha2, B.Pharm, Sara Holl2, BSPS1Assistant Professor , 2Research Assistant,The Pharmaceutical Care and Outcomes Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA INTRODUCTION RESULTS: RESULTS contd.. DISCUSSION AND STUDY IMPLICATIONS Table 2: ICS use and demographic characteristics ,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/asthmastudyisporposterparthav1-13023698363448-phpapp02/85/ASSESSING-DEMOGRAPHIC-DISPARITIES-IN-UTILIZATION-OF-INHALED-CORTICOSTEROIDS-AMONG-PATIENTS-WITH-PERSISTENT-ASTHMA-1-320.jpg)
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1) The study assessed the nutritional status of 84 pulmonary tuberculosis patients receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment at a hospital in Nepal.
2) It found that 50% of patients were well-nourished, while 39.3% were mildly or moderately malnourished and 10.7% were severely malnourished.
3) Nutritional status was not significantly associated with socio-demographic factors but was highly associated with BMI, loss of body fat, loss of muscle mass, and current health status.
Identification and Characterization of Drug (3)
This study identified and characterized drug-related problems (DRPs) in 104 elderly orthopedic patients with femoral neck fractures at an Israeli hospital. They found that 69% of patients had at least one DRP, for a total of 145 identified DRPs. The most common DRP categories were safety issues (34%) and indication problems (32%). Most recommendations were to add or discontinue medications, suggesting over- or under-treatment. Having more chronic medications was correlated with more DRPs. A clinical pharmacist was added to the orthopedic ward team based on these findings.
Ldn2020 pw
Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has become an alternative for treating Hunter's syndrome (MPS II) in the last 10 years, evidence on its efficacy and safety is limited. This review analyzed 22 studies on ERT for MPS II. It found that ERT significantly improved 6-minute walk tests, vital lung capacity, left ventricular mass index and ejection fraction. ERT also showed benefits for urinary glycosaminoglycans, spleen and liver size, quality of life and articular mobility, but less clear effects on growth, cognitive impairment and sleep apnea. Adverse effects occurred in 7-8% of patients and were not related to antibodies, usually appearing in the first 3 months. One study found home
Diabetic patients knowledge, attitude and practice toward oral health
This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 612 diabetic patients in Abha City, Saudi Arabia regarding their oral health. The results showed that over half of patients were unaware of their increased risk of oral diseases as diabetics. Less than half knew that diabetes can cause dental caries and gingivitis. While patients' oral hygiene practices were generally good, their knowledge about the oral health risks of diabetes was deficient. The study highlights the need for better patient education on maintaining oral health and the link between diabetes and oral diseases.
CHD Secondary Prevention Clinics in Primary Care; a critical assessment
There is a need for CHD secondary prevention in primary care. This need has been addressed providing specialized clinics run by nurses or GPs. Whether with this clinics we are meeting this need is a question to be answered.
The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the 2012 national healt...
1) The study developed surrogate criteria for fibromyalgia using variables from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey to estimate the prevalence of fibromyalgia in the general US population.
2) The surrogate criteria identified fibromyalgia in 1.75% of the population, or an estimated 3.94 million US adults, though 73% of identified cases had not received a clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia.
3) Individuals meeting the surrogate criteria had high levels of pain, other symptoms, comorbidities, and functional impairments consistent with clinical descriptions of fibromyalgia.
Novel Approach Of Diabetes Disease Classification By Support Vector Machine W...
Early diagnosis of any disease with less cost is always preferable. Diabetes is one such disease. It has become the fourth leading cause of death in developed countries and is also reaching epidemic proportions in many developing and newly industrialized nations. Diabetes leads to increase in the risks of developing kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage, blood vessel damage and heart disease also. In this study, we investigate an automatic approach to diagnose Diabetes disease based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Artificial Neural Network .firstly, we applied Bacterial Foraging Optimization for features selection and then we implement artificial neural network for finding out the classification accuracy. The proposed SVM method obtains 87.23% accuracy on UCI diabetes dataset which is better than other models.
Secondly, we applied again Bacterial foraging optimization for features selection and then we applied support vector machine for finding out the classification accuracy .The proposed Correlation with SVM method obtains on UCI dataset.
Smoking-and-Infectious-Disease-
This document summarizes research on the association between smoking and two infectious diseases: tuberculosis and Legionnaires' disease. It reviews multiple studies that find smoking increases the risks of active tuberculosis, relapse after treatment for tuberculosis, and mortality from tuberculosis. The document also analyzes data from Barcelona on relationships between smoking status and tuberculosis outcomes. Additionally, it presents information on Legionnaires' disease and reviews a French case-control study that identified older age and smoking as risk factors.
Statistical analysis of risk factors associated with
Gallstones are crystal like collections that formed by merging of normal and abnormal gallbladder content. Usually there are two types of gallstones exist i.e. cholesterol stones & pigment stones. The current paper focuses on symptoms of the disease, major cause for the disease and on the treatments that majority of patients preferred. For this purpose, sample of size 170 data from different hospitals in Multan is collected by using convenience sampling. Main demographic factors involved in this study are Gender, Age group, marital status for patients of GSD. Frequency distribution has been formed for these different demographic and social factors and a bar chart is constructed for differentiating between gender as gender is also an important factor in GSD. For weight factor, paired t test is applied to see the difference between before and after weight after having treatment. Findings show that 67 percent people prefer govt. hospitals because of the people suffering from this disease were from backward areas or villages & their income not meet to pay the private hospitals expense.
Role of the Biochemistry Labs in Promoting the Health Care Services for the I...
The health care in the State of Kuwait depends to a greater extent on the biochemical and clinical labs attached
at each hospital. The data obtained from these laboratories will facilitate the process of diagnosing the disease
accurately. This will have a positive impact on the selection of appropriate treatment for the patients in general
and for diabetics specifically.
The main objective of this research was to build a profile for lab analysis and a database for building a
comprehensive system of integrated activities to raise health care for diabetic patients in Kuwait. The study
revealed the burden of admitted diabetic cases on the blood chemistry laboratory in Sabah Hospital (in relation
to length of stay and total numbers of lab requests). The aim was fulfilled by designing a model of the
biochemical tests for diabetics; filling in forms from the reality of patient data, completing and analyzing the
results electronically.
The study showed the importance of biochemical and clinical labs since they act as the link of patient's
information at the secondary health care level.
Healthy Lifestyle, Healthy Diet, Physical Fitness: Cardiometabolic Diseases
Healthy Lifestyle, Healthy Diet, Physical Fitness: Cardiometabolic DiseasesSeriesScience International
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), such as hypertension, excess weight, obesity, diabetes (type-2), and vascular diseases are considered lifestyle diseases. In the last three decades, these diseases have reached epidemic proportions worldwide [1]. According to the results of a recent study published in the journal Circulation, adopting five low-risk lifestyle factors may be linked to longer life spans in Americans [2]. Metabolic diseases, which are lifestyle diseases are preventable.PCN63
This systematic literature review analyzed 15 studies on the costs of adverse events from cancer treatment in the US. The studies estimated costs for a variety of adverse events including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, vomiting, nausea, peripheral neuropathy, sepsis, diarrhea, and fatigue. Costs were reported per patient, per event, and per year. Inpatient costs ranged from $6,000 to $48,000 while outpatient costs ranged from $213 to $9,800 per year. Total annual healthcare costs per patient ranged from $15,000 to $21,000. Neutropenia was the most commonly studied adverse event. The studies found cancer treatment adverse events pose a significant economic burden on both patients and the healthcare system
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Idiopathic Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis - A Survey of the Patient Experience
Idiopathic Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis - A Survey of the Patient Experience
Total and Cause-Specific Mortality of U.S. Nurses Working Rotating Night Shifts
Total and Cause-Specific Mortality of U.S. Nurses Working Rotating Night Shifts
MPOC i broncodilatació dual: tiotropium /olodaterol
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1. new publication sanchita tb nutriotionsl status
1. new publication sanchita tb nutriotionsl status
Diabetic patients knowledge, attitude and practice toward oral health
Diabetic patients knowledge, attitude and practice toward oral health
CHD Secondary Prevention Clinics in Primary Care; a critical assessment
CHD Secondary Prevention Clinics in Primary Care; a critical assessment
The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the 2012 national healt...
The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the 2012 national healt...
Novel Approach Of Diabetes Disease Classification By Support Vector Machine W...
Novel Approach Of Diabetes Disease Classification By Support Vector Machine W...
Statistical analysis of risk factors associated with
Statistical analysis of risk factors associated with
Role of the Biochemistry Labs in Promoting the Health Care Services for the I...
Role of the Biochemistry Labs in Promoting the Health Care Services for the I...
Healthy Lifestyle, Healthy Diet, Physical Fitness: Cardiometabolic Diseases
Healthy Lifestyle, Healthy Diet, Physical Fitness: Cardiometabolic Diseases
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IMPROVING OUTCOMES AND PRODUCTIVITY FOR EMPLOYEES WITH DIABETES
To examine the effect of a community pharmacy based medication therapy management program (MTM) on patient outcomes over one year
Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...
National reports point towards disparities in the utilization of preventive care services but sparse literature exists regarding predicting utilization pattern of preventive care services.
METHODS: The 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a national probability sample survey of the ambulatory civilian US population, was analyzed to determine demographic patterns of utilization. Recommendations by JNC-VII and NCEP were used to determine guideline adherence to blood pressure and cholesterol checkup respectively. Utilization of blood pressure screening and cholesterol checkup services were used as the dependent variable while age, gender, race, ethnicity, insurance status, perceived health status were used as independent variables. Since guidelines differ for people with elevated blood pressure, respondents with elevated blood pressure were identified in the MEPS database by self-reported diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the population, chi-square analysis was used to determine the group differences for the categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to predict odds of utilizing appropriate preventive se!
rvices. All analysis was carried out using SAS v9.1.
RESULTS: Total number of adult respondents was 20,434 of which data was available for blood pressure checkup for 20,187 respondents and 15,784 respondents for cholesterol checkup. Overall, respondents were found to adhere to guideline recommendations for getting the blood pressure (n=17,959, 89.0%) and cholesterol (n=14,956, 94.7%) check-up done. A univariate chi-square analysis showed statistically significant differences across all independent variables between people who utilized the preventive care service and those who didn t for blood pressure checkup (p<0><0>65) had much higher odds of using the blood pressure (OR=2.815, CI=2.317-3.420 ) and cholesterol (OR=3.190, CI=2.396-4.!
249 ) preventive services. Males had much lower odds of getting blood pressure (OR=0.350, CI=0.318-0.384) and cholesterol (OR=0.597, CI=0.516-0.692) checks done compared to females. Odds of utilization were nearly similar for all races. Uninsured had lower odds for blood pressure (OR=0.282, CI=0.253-0.315) and cholesterol (OR=0.314, CI=0.262-0.376) use compared to privately insured people.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall MEPS respondents adhered to blood pressure and cholesterol check up guidelines. The study was however successful in identifying existing age, race, income, insurance status related disparities in US population.
Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...
This study aimed to characterize patterns of preventive care service utilization for cardiovascular disease and predict trends in a U.S. population using national health survey data. Descriptive analyses found high utilization of blood pressure and cholesterol screening across populations. Logistic regression identified factors associated with screening, such as women and Asians being less likely than men and other races to receive screenings. The results can help guide policies to reinforce screening guidelines for underserved groups.
Migration in Pakistan
Migration patterns in Pakistan include movements from northern mountainous regions, western highlands, and eastern deserts to the more populous Indus plains. Key drivers of migration have been the development of Punjab's canal colonies in the early 1900s, partition between India and Pakistan in 1947, and several Indo-Pakistani wars which caused waves of refugees. More recently, conflict in Afghanistan has led to many Afghan refugees settling in Pakistan, while illegal immigration from Bangladesh and internal rural-to-urban migration have also significantly impacted Pakistani society and infrastructure. Remittances from international emigration, especially to the Gulf and UK, now constitute a major part of Pakistan's economy.
Population: Migration in Pakistan
This document discusses migration and population growth in Pakistan. It defines types of migration as in-migration, out-migration, and internal migration. It identifies factors pushing people from rural to urban areas, such as overpopulation and unemployment, and pulling them to cities, like better jobs and services. Rapid urbanization is straining infrastructure and increasing problems like pollution, crime, and unsustainable population growth that can harm Pakistan's economy and environment if not addressed through education, family planning, and balancing resources and population.
Population of pakistan
The document discusses human resources and population issues in Pakistan. It provides background on population growth rates, distribution, and causes of population explosion in Pakistan. Some key points are:
- Pakistan's population growth rate is 2.1% and it is the 6th most populous country, projected to become 4th largest by 2050.
- Factors driving high population growth include high birth rates, lack of education, early marriages, and preference for male children.
- The government needs to implement economic, social, family planning, and administrative measures to address overpopulation, such as modernizing agriculture, expanding industry, and creating rural job opportunities.
Migration
This document discusses different types of migration including rural-urban migration, seasonal migration, planned migration, and involuntary migration. It provides details on each type, including common causes, examples, and potential consequences for areas that migrants leave and arrive in, as well as consequences for migrants themselves. Rural-urban migration is driven by population growth and lack of opportunity in rural areas, pushing young males to cities. Planned migration includes Indonesia's transmigration program to relocate people from overpopulated islands like Java to less populated outer islands, with mixed results. Involuntary migration refers to forced migration of refugees fleeing conflict, persecution, or environmental disasters.
Migration 8
There are three main types of human movement: cyclic, periodic, and migration. Cyclic movement involves regular travel between locations, periodic movement involves longer but still temporary relocation, and migration is permanent relocation. People migrate for reasons like employment, family, political circumstances, and environmental conditions. Governments can influence migration by restricting or encouraging immigration through policies.
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job? Stanford GSB Corporate Governance Research Initiative
This document summarizes a study of CEO succession events among the largest 100 U.S. corporations between 2005-2015. The study analyzed executives who were passed over for the CEO role ("succession losers") and their subsequent careers. It found that 74% of passed over executives left their companies, with 30% eventually becoming CEOs elsewhere. However, companies led by succession losers saw average stock price declines of 13% over 3 years, compared to gains for companies whose CEO selections remained unchanged. The findings suggest that boards generally identify the most qualified CEO candidates, though differences between internal and external hires complicate comparisons.Viewers also liked (9)
IMPROVING OUTCOMES AND PRODUCTIVITY FOR EMPLOYEES WITH DIABETES
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Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...
Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...
Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...
Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
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Similar to ASSESSING DEMOGRAPHIC DISPARITIES IN UTILIZATION OF INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS AMONG PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT ASTHMA
Nutritional assessment status of adult patients with multiple sclerosis: A na...
No previous research has assessed the nongenetic factors, especially the nutrition status of MS patients in Arab countries. Hence, this study aims to assess the nutritional status of MS patients among Arab adults. This study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study using a structured, online self-administered, validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 13 Arab countries. All data analyses were performed using STATA 16.0 and R for statistical computing version 4.0.4. A total of 813 participants were surveyed, most of the MS participants were female (68.4%), married (58.5%), non-smoker (72.6%) and 53.3% were diagnosed with MS for up to five years. MS participants did not consume the DRI of both the macro and the micronutrients including the energy requirements, except the dietary intake of the sodium which was insignificantly different from the DRI. Results also showed that most participants rarely consumed the main food items including bread, cereals, and most types of meat. While, more than 50% of the participants consumed fruit, vegetables, all types of chicken, fish, fresh soup, rice, and egg up to 3 times per month. On the other hand, milk and milkshake were consumed rarely; while, tea and herbal teas were the most common beverages. Nutrient deficiencies are very common among MS Arab patients. The finding of this study can establish a base for the development of a nutritional program for MS patients in accordance with the recommended DRI.
Complementary therapy use by patients and parents of children with asthma and...
Complementary therapy use reflects patients' and parents' underlying desire for greater selfcare
and need of opportunities to address some of their concerns regarding NHS asthma care. Selfmanagement
of chronic conditions is increasingly promoted within the NHS but with little attention to
complementary therapy use as one strategy being used by patients and parents. With their desire for selfhelp,
complementary therapy users are in many ways adopting the healthcare personas that current
policies aim to encourage.
INSPIRE study BMC 2006
This study examined the attitudes and treatment of 3,415 asthma patients in 11 countries who were prescribed regular maintenance therapy of inhaled corticosteroids. The study found that 74% used short-acting beta-agonists daily and 51% had uncontrolled asthma according to a questionnaire. Even patients with well-controlled asthma reported an average of 6 worsening episodes per year. While patients recognized the early signs of worsening, the most common response was to increase short-acting beta-agonist use rather than inhaled corticosteroids. This represents a missed opportunity to properly manage worsening asthma.
American Journal of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine
Background: The Food and Drug Administration relies on adverse event reports linked with health risks to remove potentially harmful dietary supplements from the market. Many emergency medicine physicians encounter suspected adverse events related to
dietary supplement use but we do not know what proportion of those adverse events are reported to the Food and Drug Administration. The objective of the study was to determine emergency medicine physicians’ practices regarding adverse event reporting and knowledge of dietary supplements.
Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted across five medical centers around the U.S: three military and two civilian. A web-based survey was distributed to emergency medicine attending physicians and emergency medicine residents. The questionnaire was created and administered using Lime Survey software. An administrator at each site communicated study details to emergency medicine physicians and residents via email. The survey was kept open for fi ve months. To preserve participant anonymity,
neither email domains, email addresses, Internet Protocol addresses, nor any other personally identifi able or demographic information were collected.
Copd in never smokers
This document summarizes a study analyzing data from 14 countries that participated in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study to describe characteristics of COPD in never smokers and identify possible risk factors. The study found that among 4,291 never smokers, 6.6% had mild COPD and 5.6% had moderate to severe COPD. Never smokers comprised 23.3% of those with moderate to severe COPD. Predictors of COPD in never smokers included older age, lower education levels, occupational exposures, childhood respiratory diseases, and abnormal BMI. The study confirms that never smokers represent a substantial proportion of COPD cases and suggests additional risk factors beyond smoking.
Incorrect inhaler technique compromising quality of life of astematic patients
This study examined incorrect inhaler technique in 215 asthmatic patients in Pakistan. The researchers found that 83.7% of patients used their inhalers incorrectly. Education level was significantly associated with incorrect use, with higher education levels associated with better technique. Doctors provided education on inhaler use was more effective than education from nurses. There were no significant associations between incorrect use and age, gender, asthma duration, inhaler duration, or frequency of inhaler use. The study concluded that a large percentage of asthmatic patients' quality of life is compromised by incorrect inhaler use, and education level impacts proper technique.
ASTHMA CORRELATES AMONG ADOLESCENCE IN COUNTRY: AN ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The document summarizes a study on asthma correlates among adolescents in a country. The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 1200 children to examine health risks and lifestyle factors. The results found that the prevalence of self-reported asthma was 8.2%. Asthmatic adolescents were more likely to be male, overweight or obese, consume soft drinks and energy drinks more frequently, and less likely to consume milk compared to non-asthmatic adolescents. The study aims to establish how lifestyle factors are associated with increased asthma incidence among adolescents.
Reporte de la intolerancia a los alimentos y síntomas respiratorios en adulto...
This study assessed reported food intolerance and associated respiratory symptoms in young adults in Melbourne, Australia using data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire. Seventeen percent of respondents reported food intolerance or allergy, with a wide variety of foods cited as causes. Those reporting respiratory symptoms after food ingestion were more likely to be atopic, have used inhaled medications recently, weigh more, and have less exposure to secondhand smoke. However, current asthma was not associated with reported food intolerance. The study highlights the need for improved dietary assessment methods in investigating relationships between diet and health.
Inhaled Corticosteroid Beliefs
This study developed and tested a brief self-administered questionnaire called the Complementary and Alternative Management for Asthma (CAM-A) instrument to identify negative beliefs about inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and endorsement of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among urban minority adults with asthma. Psychometric testing identified 17 items representing ICS beliefs and CAM endorsement that demonstrated acceptable reliability. High rates of CAM endorsement, negative ICS beliefs, and uncontrolled asthma were found. CAM endorsement was significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma. Qualitative analysis provided preliminary evidence that use of the CAM-A instrument in primary care visits prompted providers to discuss ICS beliefs and CAM endorsement with patients.
74British Journal of Health Psychology (2012), 17, 74–84.docx
74
British Journal of Health Psychology (2012), 17, 74–84
C© 2011 The British Psychological Society
The
British
Psychological
Society
www.wileyonlinelibrary.com
A text message programme designed to modify
patients’ illness and treatment beliefs improves
self-reported adherence to asthma preventer
medication
Keith J. Petrie1∗, Kate Perry2, Elizabeth Broadbent1 and
John Weinman3
1Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences,
University of Auckland, New Zealand
2Atlantis HealthCare, Auckland, New Zealand
3Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College
London, UK
Objective. While effective preventative medication is readily available for asthma,
adherence is a major problem due to patients’ beliefs about their illness and medication.
We investigated whether a text message programme targeted at changing patients’
illness and medication beliefs would improve adherence in young adult asthma patients.
Methods. Two hundred and sixteen patients aged between 16 and 45 on asthma
preventer medication were recruited from pamphlets dispensed with medication and
e-mails sent to members of a targeted marketing website. Participants were randomized
to receive individually tailored text messages based on their illness and medication beliefs
over 18 weeks or no text messages. Illness and medication beliefs were assessed at
baseline and at 18 weeks. Adherence rates were assessed by phone calls to participants
at 6, 12, and 18 weeks and at 6 and 9 months.
Results. At 18 weeks, the intervention group had increased their perceived necessity
of preventer medication, increased their belief in the long-term nature of their asthma,
and their perceived control over their asthma relative to control group (all p’s < .05).
The intervention group also significantly improved adherence over the follow-up period
compared to the control group with a relative average increase in adherence over the
follow-up period of 10% (p < .001). The percentage taking over 80% of prescribed
inhaler doses was 23.9% in the control group compared to 37.7% in the intervention
group (p < .05).
∗Correspondence should be addressed to Professor Keith J. Petrie, Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of
Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand (e-mail:
[email protected]).
DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02033.x
A text message programme designed to modify 75
Conclusion. A targeted text message programme increases adherence to asthma
preventer inhaler and may be useful for other illnesses where adherence is a major
issue.
Asthma is a common medical condition caused by chronic inflammation of the airways.
Characteristic symptoms of the illness include attacks of shortness of breath, wheezing,
tightness in the chest, and cough. Asthma is commonly treated by inhaled corticosteroids,
which help to suppress inflammation of the airways and reduce the frequency of.
Impact of a designed nursing intervention protocol on myocardial infarction p...
This study examined the impact of a designed nursing intervention protocol on myocardial infarction patients' outcomes at a university hospital in Egypt. Forty adult myocardial infarction patients were included. The study found that after exposure to the nursing intervention protocol, patients had significantly higher total mean knowledge scores and total mean practice scores. It also found that patients had medium to high levels of compliance to lifelong instructions. The results support the hypotheses that the nursing intervention protocol improved patients' knowledge, practices, and compliance. The study concluded that a nursing intervention protocol can have a positive impact on myocardial infarction patient outcomes.
10 STRATEGIC POINTS2Ten Strategic Points .docx
10 STRATEGIC POINTS 2
Ten Strategic Points
Grand Canyon University
DNP-815- O502: Scientific Underpinnings
10 Strategic Points Table
(Use this table to complete the 10 Strategic Points document for your project.)
10 Strategic Points
Comments/Feedback
Broad Topic Area
Impact of Medication Administration Errors on 3-4-Year-old Leukemia Patients
Literature Review
A. Verghese, A., Charlton, B., Kassirer, J. P., Ramsey, M., & Ioannidis, J. P. (2015). Inadequacies of physical examination as a cause of medical errors and adverse events: a collection of vignettes. The American journal of medicine, 128(12), 1322-1324.
The article looks at the “Inadequacies of physical examination as a cause of medical errors and adverse events: a collection of vignettes” from the American journal of medicine. It takes into consideration the fact that, the oversights in the corporeal assessment are a medical fault which aren’t studied via chart evaluation. Furthermore, the article states that these oversights in the corporeal assessments may be the primary contributors to the neglected or late diagnosis besides unnecessary exposure to contrast as well as radiation on the Leukemia patients. Either the authors indicate that the incorrect treatments resulting from these delays leads to unfavorable results like fainting on the Leukemia patient, lack of appetite on the side of the patient, worsening the Leukemia conditions which eventually can lead to early death of the patient.
B. Hockings, J. K., Owolabi, D. K., Broyles, J. E., & Wheelis, S. C. (2017). Impact of medication administration error on over 3 years Leukemia patients and the stimulating factors in acute leukemia and stem cell transplant patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 25(6), 1853-1858.
The authors of this article explored the “Impact of medication administration error on over 3 years Leukemia patients and the stimulating factors in acute leukemia and stem cell transplant patients.” This article is from supportive care in cancer and it was retrieved from Google Scholar. The article authors acknowledge the fact that, the medication administration errors lead to severe impacts on the health conditions of the patient more especially the ones who are 3 – 4 years of Leukemia. According to the authors, the impacts associated with the medication administration errors may lead to worsening of the health condition of the patient, the rate of Leukemia advancement into higher stages may also increase with treatment or managing of this deadly disease being more complicated. The authors argue that using erroneous medicines, the Leukemia advancement increases without the knowledge of the patient which makes even the survival chances of the patient to reduce due to stress upon realizing that there was an error in his or her medication.
C. Douer, D. (2016). Efficacy and safety of vincristine sulfate liposome injection in the treatment of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. The oncologist, 21(7), 840-847.
...
Otol HNS Better to be Young-2000-Lacy-Merritt
This study compared outcomes for head and neck cancer patients based on age. Younger patients (≤40 years old) had significantly better 5-year survival rates (65%) than middle-aged (41-64 years old, 52%) or older patients (≥65 years old, 38%). Younger patients also developed fewer recurrent tumors or new primary tumors. However, the reasons for the differences in outcomes based on age are unclear. The study aimed to analyze outcomes while controlling for other factors like smoking history, tumor stage, and treatment received to better understand the independent impact of age.
A study on prescription pattern and rational use of statins in tertiary care ...
Objectives
Our objectives are to evaluate prescription pattern and rational use of statins in a tertiary care corporate hospital.
Methodology
It was a prospective observational study conducted for a period of 6 months and included various departments of 300
bedded multi specialty tertiary care corporate hospital. A total of 200 patients were included and the study criteria
was inpatients and induvial more than 18 years of either gender who are prescribed with HMG-CoA reductase
inhibitors.
Results
In the present study 200 patients belonged to the age group of above 18 years, out of which about 65% were male
and 35% were female. Atorvastatin (67%) was prescribed mostly and Rosuvastatin (29.5%) was also used.
Conclusion
It is finally concluded that Rational and prophylactic use of statins can reduce further complications of Diabetes
Mellitus (DM) and cardiac events.
Statins treatment is favourable in long term treatment of diseases, it is most effectively used in treatment of serious
disease conditions which has shown its immense therapeutic role in treatment
Corticosteroids in severe asthma JMCP
This study examined the relationship between long-term systemic corticosteroid use and related health complications in patients with severe asthma using claims data. The study found:
1) Patients with severe asthma who were exposed to systemic corticosteroids had a significantly higher risk of developing corticosteroid-related complications compared to those not exposed, and this risk increased with higher corticosteroid doses in a dose-dependent manner.
2) Health care resource utilization, such as inpatient visits, emergency room visits and costs, increased significantly with higher levels of systemic corticosteroid exposure among severe asthma patients.
3) There was a significant dose-response relationship between long-term systemic corticosteroid
Patient Recruitment in Clinical Trials
Traditionally, physicians recruited clinical trial subjects, but pharmaceutical companies have become ever more involved through centralized campaigns. Physicians are vital to a trial and the pharmaceutical effort helps shift some of the recruitment demands away from the site to allow them to focus on the subjects. Thus, it is practical to understand if different recruitment methods could change or skew the study population. This study determines if differences or similarities occurred between subjects recruited by physicians and pharmaceutical companies. It discovered that some of both occurred. The pharmaceutical company efforts helped recruit potential subjects from the general population that were similar to subjects recruited by the physicians, but this particular campaign was limited by language which affected recruitment of Hispanic subjects. The social impact of this study provides insight about pharmaceutical company recruitment. Since the National Library of Medicine has indicated that clinical trials should reflect the broader diseased population, the efforts of the pharmaceutical company can help support the physicians’ efforts by recruiting from the broader population. Together, both efforts can create a global good by allowing the trial to reflect the population of post-approval use. These findings still raise a question about the proper balance between the two recruitment groups so that the intended characteristics of the diseased population are maintained. Because differences between physician and pharmaceutical recruited subjects can exist, the potential of one group to bias the trial results exist. As such, some analysis by recruitment method can help ensure that variations in the study population are minimal without skewing the data to create positive study results.
Cohort studies with example of classical cohort studies
This document provides an overview of cohort studies, including:
- Cohort studies involve observing groups of people (cohorts) who are defined by a common characteristic or exposure over time to determine outcomes.
- The key features are identifying cohorts prior to disease appearance and observing them over time to measure disease frequency.
- Examples include the Framingham Heart Study on cardiovascular risk factors and Doll and Hill's British doctor study on smoking and lung cancer.
- Cohort studies can measure incidence, relative risks, and dose-response relationships but require large sample sizes and long durations.
10088 Final.docx
This document discusses the relationship between epidemiology and public health. It argues that epidemiology has become too focused on identifying disease risk factors and transmission, and has lost sight of its original goal of improving overall population health. It proposes that epidemiology should adopt a more holistic approach that integrates biological, social, and analytical perspectives to better inform public health interventions and policies. Recent decades have seen the growth of international training programs to develop epidemiologists able to address global health challenges.
introductoin to Biostatistics ( 1st and 2nd lec ).ppt
Data & Analytics. We have prepared a presentation on different types of graphs of Biostatistics and Research Methodology
introductoin to Biostatistics ( 1st and 2nd lec ).ppt
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ASSESSING DEMOGRAPHIC DISPARITIES IN UTILIZATION OF INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS AMONG PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT ASTHMA
- 2. African Americans were found to have much lower odds of using ICSs when compared to Whites (OR=0.495, CI=0.248-0.987).
- 3. Insured patients had significantly higher odds for use of ICSs (OR=2.378, CI=1.106-5.110) compared to uninsured patients.
- 4. The findings held true even after adjusting for other demographic factors.
- 5. The lack of use of ICS is a cause of concern especially amongst minorities and uninsured population. This underuse not only makes the control of disease difficult, but also increases associated healthcare expenditures.
- 6. Studies have shown that hospitalizations and emergency department visits for infrequent inhaled corticosteroid users were significantly more when compared with consistent users.9
- 7. African Americans were found to have much lower odds of using ICS when compared to Caucasians. Roots of this disparity may lie in lack of access to care and inconsistencies in health care treatment using U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines.10
- 8. Insurance status was also found to be a significant predictor of inhaled corticosteroids use. Insurance status has been linked to the utilization of necessary healthcare services.10 With the new advent of the healthcare reform bill, we hope that the number of uninsured patients with asthma will be reduced. Increased access to health insurance will likely improve access to ICS and eliminate disparities.
- 9. Poor adherence to ICS is a growing issue in managing asthma amongst the population with persistent asthma and investigating disparities in utilization provides important information about subpopulations that are vulnerable to underutilization of ICS. Results from this study help to identify such populations in an effort to direct policy makers to formulate specific policies aimed at diminishing the existing disparities.
- 10. The results also help to educate and inform healthcare providers about the issue of underutilization of ICS and the current existing disparities.
- 11. Limitations: The survey used patients suffering from asthma in only four states. Therefore, these findings cannot be generalized to the national asthma population. Survey related recall bias and inability to establish causal effect are limitations of this study.
- 12. Asthma affects an estimated 300 million people of all ages and ethnic backgrounds worldwide and causes significant morbidity and mortality in spite of existence of well established guidelines for proper management.1
- 13. The economic burden for asthma has been amplified by the poor control seen in patients. Utilization costs attributed to asthma rank amongst the highest for chronic diseases.2 This poor control has been attributed to inappropriate utilization of asthma medications.
- 15. The researchers used the four-state study which was conducted as a part of NAS in Alabama, California, Illinois, and Texas.
- 18. Independent variables used in the analysis included demographic characteristics such as age, race, gender, ethnicity and income level.
- 19. Data Analysis:
- 20. Chi square test was used to determine if there are any demographic differences concerning the reported use of inhaled corticosteroids.
- 22. Further research needs to be done probing the cause of these disparities and why, despite treatment guidelines and recommendations, the underuse of ICS continue to exist. Table 1: ICS use and demographic characteristics REFERENCES: Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy 2004;59:469-78. Bahadori K, Doyle-Waters MM, Marra C, et al. Economic burden of asthma: a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med 2009;9:24. Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma-Summary Report 2007. J Allergy ClinImmunol 2007;120:S94-138. Carlton BG, Lucas DO, Ellis EF, Conboy-Ellis K, Shoheiber O, Stempel DA. The status of asthma control and asthma prescribing practices in the United States: results of a large prospective asthma control survey of primary care practices. J Asthma 2005;42:529-35. Plaza V, Serra-Batlles J, Ferrer M, Morejon E. Quality of life and economic features in elderly asthmatics. Respiration. 2000;67(1):65-70. Accordini S, Bugiani M, Arossa W, et al. Poor control increases the economic cost of asthma. A multicentre population-based study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2006;141(2):189-198. Smith DH, Malone DC, Lawson KA, Okamoto LJ, Battista C, Saunders WB. A national estimate of the economic costs of asthma. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. Sep 1997;156(3 Pt 1):787-793. Stingone JA, Claudio L. Components of recommended asthma care and the use of long-term control medication among urban children with asthma. Med Care 2009;47:940-7. Colice G, Wu EQ, Birnbaum H, Daher M, Maryna BM. Use of inhaled corticosteroids and healthcare costs in mild persistent asthma. J Asthma 2007;44:479-83. Anis AH, Lynd LD, Wang XH, et al. Double trouble: impact of inappropriate use of asthma medication on the use of health care resources. CMAJ. Mar 6 2001;164(5):625-631. Significant chi-square differences are represented in bold