This document provides an analysis of robbery counts and rates across Oregon from 2005-2007. It finds that Salem accounted for the most robberies over this period (41.6% of the total), followed by Medford (14.7%). Most robberies occurred in the larger, southern cities of the state. Common associated crimes with robbery included burglary, vandalism, and drug violations. While robbery rates decreased slightly in some cities like Salem and Medford from 2005-2007, over half of robberies went unsolved over this period. The analysis aims to help allocate crime prevention funds to areas with the highest robbery rates and needs.
Unit 8 project identifying crime patterns e hallElizabeth Hall
The crime data from the Coeur D'Alene Police Department shows an overall increase in Part I crimes from 2003 to 2004, with robberies, aggravated assaults, and homicides increasing significantly. The only crime that did not change was motor vehicle theft. More information on population changes and location data could provide context for the increases. Strategic analysis of robbery, homicide, and aggravated assault trends may help identify patterns.
This document summarizes LGBT domestic violence incident data from the Metropolitan Police Department from January 2013 to June 2015. It finds that the Sixth and Seventh Districts accounted for over half of LGBT domestic violence cases and the Third District had the highest density, particularly in the DuPont Circle neighborhood. Assaults and threats made up most incidents (75%) and occurred most between 9pm-3am, peaking on Saturdays. Arrest rates for assaults were higher (73-81%) than general crime closure rates.
The document discusses police shootings in America based on data from the Guardian and FiveThirtyEight databases. It finds that while over 2,100 people have been killed by police since 2015, only a small fraction of police departments report these killings. Predictive models attempting to classify whether victims were armed based on attributes like race, gender and poverty level performed poorly, reflecting the complexity of real-life situations. While public sentiment on Twitter was negative, more comprehensive data is still needed to fully understand potential police biases in shootings.
The National Police Misconduct Reporting Project (NPMRP) tracked 4,861 reports of police misconduct in 2010 involving 6,613 officers and 6,826 alleged victims. This included 247 fatalities and $346.5 million in civil judgments. The NPMRP aggregates reports of police misconduct on a Twitter feed and in a database, following criteria like the incident involving an on or off-duty officer, and reports of allegations, investigations, litigation, etc. The author advocates using social media and technology to monitor and spread awareness of police brutality cases around the world.
This document provides statistics on white collar crimes in the United States. It finds that corporate crimes cause more financial damage than street crimes, with healthcare fraud alone causing $100-400 billion in losses annually, more than all street crimes combined. Additionally, men are more likely to commit white collar crimes than women, and adults are more likely than teenagers. White collar crimes are also poorly prosecuted compared to street crimes, with far fewer offenders being incarcerated.
The document discusses the definitions and issues surrounding use of force and excessive force by police officers. It defines use of force as actions by police that are equal to or greater than the level of resistance from a suspect. Excessive force is considered any force beyond what is necessary in a situation. The document examines factors that can influence excessive force such as police training, leadership, social environment, and individual officer attitudes. It also discusses ethical frameworks like utilitarianism and egoism for analyzing use of force policies and incidents.
The document discusses the challenges and dangers of being a police officer. It notes that police officers work long hours protecting communities and investigating various crimes. Their jobs involve risks like being injured or killed in the line of duty. The document also examines the requirements to become an officer and shares an interview with an officer about his experiences and motivations for joining law enforcement.
Official crime statistics collected by the Home Office provide information on crimes known to the police, but have limitations as not all crimes are reported. Only around 30-50% of crimes are actually reported to and recorded by the police. Victimization surveys aim to uncover a truer picture of criminal activity by asking people directly about crimes they have experienced. However, they also have limitations as they rely on victim memory and definitions of crime. There are many factors that influence the reporting and recording of crime and how accurately statistics represent the real level of criminal activity.
Unit 8 project identifying crime patterns e hallElizabeth Hall
The crime data from the Coeur D'Alene Police Department shows an overall increase in Part I crimes from 2003 to 2004, with robberies, aggravated assaults, and homicides increasing significantly. The only crime that did not change was motor vehicle theft. More information on population changes and location data could provide context for the increases. Strategic analysis of robbery, homicide, and aggravated assault trends may help identify patterns.
This document summarizes LGBT domestic violence incident data from the Metropolitan Police Department from January 2013 to June 2015. It finds that the Sixth and Seventh Districts accounted for over half of LGBT domestic violence cases and the Third District had the highest density, particularly in the DuPont Circle neighborhood. Assaults and threats made up most incidents (75%) and occurred most between 9pm-3am, peaking on Saturdays. Arrest rates for assaults were higher (73-81%) than general crime closure rates.
The document discusses police shootings in America based on data from the Guardian and FiveThirtyEight databases. It finds that while over 2,100 people have been killed by police since 2015, only a small fraction of police departments report these killings. Predictive models attempting to classify whether victims were armed based on attributes like race, gender and poverty level performed poorly, reflecting the complexity of real-life situations. While public sentiment on Twitter was negative, more comprehensive data is still needed to fully understand potential police biases in shootings.
The National Police Misconduct Reporting Project (NPMRP) tracked 4,861 reports of police misconduct in 2010 involving 6,613 officers and 6,826 alleged victims. This included 247 fatalities and $346.5 million in civil judgments. The NPMRP aggregates reports of police misconduct on a Twitter feed and in a database, following criteria like the incident involving an on or off-duty officer, and reports of allegations, investigations, litigation, etc. The author advocates using social media and technology to monitor and spread awareness of police brutality cases around the world.
This document provides statistics on white collar crimes in the United States. It finds that corporate crimes cause more financial damage than street crimes, with healthcare fraud alone causing $100-400 billion in losses annually, more than all street crimes combined. Additionally, men are more likely to commit white collar crimes than women, and adults are more likely than teenagers. White collar crimes are also poorly prosecuted compared to street crimes, with far fewer offenders being incarcerated.
The document discusses the definitions and issues surrounding use of force and excessive force by police officers. It defines use of force as actions by police that are equal to or greater than the level of resistance from a suspect. Excessive force is considered any force beyond what is necessary in a situation. The document examines factors that can influence excessive force such as police training, leadership, social environment, and individual officer attitudes. It also discusses ethical frameworks like utilitarianism and egoism for analyzing use of force policies and incidents.
The document discusses the challenges and dangers of being a police officer. It notes that police officers work long hours protecting communities and investigating various crimes. Their jobs involve risks like being injured or killed in the line of duty. The document also examines the requirements to become an officer and shares an interview with an officer about his experiences and motivations for joining law enforcement.
Official crime statistics collected by the Home Office provide information on crimes known to the police, but have limitations as not all crimes are reported. Only around 30-50% of crimes are actually reported to and recorded by the police. Victimization surveys aim to uncover a truer picture of criminal activity by asking people directly about crimes they have experienced. However, they also have limitations as they rely on victim memory and definitions of crime. There are many factors that influence the reporting and recording of crime and how accurately statistics represent the real level of criminal activity.
Crime is an economic issue that results in a loss of resources for society. Individuals make rational choices between legal work and illegal activities based on their economic status and potential earnings. Measures to reduce crime from an economic perspective include maintaining full employment opportunities, an effective criminal justice system with a high likelihood of apprehension, and punishments that make illegal acts less attractive.
This document discusses the challenges and dangers of being a police officer based on an interview with Officer Mitchell. It describes that police work requires dedication to protect the public and involves responding to various crimes and emergencies. Officer Mitchell noted that his main concerns were safety and making it home each day. The document also provides examples of police officers who were injured or killed in the line of duty, showing that their jobs often put them in harm's way.
Ethics in Policing, Corrections, and Criminal JusticeNicholas Tancredi
This document discusses ethics and corruption within law enforcement. It provides several examples of police and prison corruption scandals over the years, including the Rampart CRASH scandal in LA and abuse at a Georgia prison. It also discusses the concept of the "blue wall of silence" where officers cover for each other. While corruption may occur, corrupt officers will eventually be caught. Improving ethics training and leadership can help address these issues.
This document summarizes a report by the Crown Prosecution Service on prosecuting cases involving allegedly false rape and domestic violence allegations. Some key findings:
- Between 2011-2012, there were 159 prosecutions considered for making false allegations. 121 involved rape, 27 involved domestic violence, and 11 involved both.
- In comparison, there were over 5,600 prosecutions for rape and over 111,000 for domestic violence during this period. Only 35 individuals were prosecuted for false rape claims and 6 for false domestic violence claims.
- About half of the false allegation cases involved people under age 21, and some involved people with mental health difficulties. In some cases, the person was a victim of a different
The document discusses various topics related to crime including:
1) Different types of crimes against property and persons such as robbery, burglary, and assault.
2) How the demand for insurance and security equipment rises with increased crime, potentially raising prices.
3) Factors that determine whether consumers or producers bear the higher costs of crime such as price elasticity of demand.
4) Issues around the death penalty such as high costs and risks of mistaken convictions.
This document provides a 3 sentence summary of a longer intelligence report analyzing crime statistics in Washington D.C. over the last 5 years and identifying the criminal gang Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) as a current crime issue. It summarizes that total crime has decreased 3% from 2004-2008 but increased slightly from 2007-2008, and provides details on MS-13 including its origins, criminal activities, operations through the Operation Community Shield immigration enforcement program, and areas of presence.
The document discusses four main sources of crime data: Uniform Crime Reports collected by police, Offender-Based Transaction Statistics collected by courts, the National Criminal Victimization Survey which asks victims, and Drug Use Forecasting which asks offenders. Each source has advantages and disadvantages in the data it provides on crime incidents and their outcomes. The Uniform Crime Reports are the most commonly used but have limitations like not capturing all crimes and being voluntarily reported.
More than one-quarter of residents in Canada's three territories reported being the victim of at least one crime in 2014, a decrease from 2009 but still higher than rates in provinces. Victimization rates were highest in Nunavut, while Yukon saw the largest declines since 2009. Rates of violent crimes and household crimes decreased in the territories from 2009, though theft rates remained stable. Victimization was more common in larger communities of 2,000 or more residents. Approximately one-third of territorial residents reported experiencing abuse as children.
The document discusses crime trends and their impacts on health in the London borough of Barnet. It finds that while Barnet has relatively low crime rates, fear of crime is still high among residents. Crime is linked to areas of socioeconomic disadvantage and health inequalities. Alcohol is a factor in many crimes, and domestic violence in particular has substantial negative health impacts. The document examines how crime disproportionately affects marginalized groups and contributes to existing health inequalities.
Senate Race And Congressional Approval 100509Patrick Hynes
- According to a recent WMUR Granite State Poll, former Attorney General Kelly Ayotte still leads Congressman Paul Hodes in potential matchups for the US Senate race in New Hampshire, though the race is wide open with over a year until the election.
- Only 6% of likely voters say they have definitively decided who they will support, while 86% are still trying to decide.
- Ayotte is currently better known and liked among New Hampshire voters compared to the other potential Republican candidates, Ovide Lamontagne and Sean Mahoney. However, with the Republican primary yet to occur, voters have not solidified their views.
Dr. Michael J. O’Connell, PainCare, New Hampshire commented that the country seems to be finally cooling off regarding the issues of race and police, as the media is taking a breather. Rationality is taking hold; that is until the next act of perceived brutality is splashed on Headline News. The standard opinion portrayed by the media, and assumed by the viewer, is that police subject blacks to a disproportionately high rate of arrest and of course violence, this despite available data/evidence.
See: https://michaeloconnellmdnh.wordpress.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=1448&action=edit&postpost=v2
Psychological Issues Within Law EnforcementDoug Aaron
This document discusses police misconduct and related issues. It begins with an overview of the powers given to law enforcement and defines police misconduct. It then discusses several high-profile cases of police misconduct in the US and their outcomes. It also summarizes research on predictors of police misconduct, such as personality traits and stress. The document examines efforts to address misconduct through training, supervision, and accountability. It concludes by noting challenges in preventing misconduct among experienced officers.
This document discusses police misconduct, the powers given to law enforcement, and laws related to police misconduct. It describes various forms of misconduct like excessive force and discrimination. It outlines federal laws that address both criminal and civil aspects of misconduct. The document also provides examples of historical cases of misconduct, like those involving the Rampart CRASH unit in LA and the beating of Rodney King. It discusses stress and mental health issues among police and rates of alcohol abuse and suicide.
The group Double Helix is campaigning for compulsory DNA testing to become law in order to reduce crime. Their campaign called "Cease Crime" aims to raise awareness of DNA testing and its benefits, and persuade the public that it is necessary. Currently, DNA samples are only collected from convicted criminals, but some propose collecting samples from all arrested individuals. Opponents argue it infringes on civil liberties and could falsely implicate innocent people. Supporters say it has exonerated over 200 wrongfully convicted individuals. A case study describes a man imprisoned for rape based on faulty DNA evidence who was later exonerated. DNA evidence significantly increases crime detection rates.
This document provides an overview of key topics relating to crime and deviance including:
1. Relationships between crime and factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, class, and locality. Younger people and males commit more crimes according to statistics, while some ethnic groups are overrepresented in the criminal justice system.
2. Emerging trends such as exclusively female gangs and increasing crime rates among women.
3. Issues with how police profiling may target certain groups unfairly based on characteristics like age, gender, and ethnicity rather than clear links to criminal behavior.
4. The underreporting of "white collar" and corporate crimes committed by wealthy and powerful individuals and organizations.
This document discusses different types of crimes and the criminal justice process. It defines a crime as an act that violates the law and carries a penalty. Crimes are classified in various ways, such as victimless crimes, crimes against persons or property, and white collar crimes. More serious crimes are felonies, while less serious crimes are misdemeanors. The document also outlines the criminal justice process from arrest through trial, including initial appearances, grand jury proceedings, plea bargaining, jury selection and the trial.
WSO2Con ASIA 2016: WSO2 Process Center: Processes as Friends, Not EnemiesWSO2
Business processes simply define how an organization operates, from hiring new staff to planning product launches. Properly documenting and systematically executing these processes is critical for achieving business goals. However, due to the effort required to maintain details about all relevant processes and the complexity of process automation, organizations tend not to pursue complete business process management (BPM) initiatives.
In this talk, we will discuss how WSO2 Process Center helps overcome barriers in BPM by allowing simpler ways of maintaining, sharing, analyzing and optimizing your business processes.
Global cancer vaccines market & pipeline analysisKuicK Research
“Global Cancer Vaccine Market & Pipeline Analysis” Report Highlights:
Global Cancer Market Overview
Personalized Cancer Vaccines: Progress & Possibilities
Platforms for Cancer Vaccines Delivery
Cancer Vaccines: Mechanism & Innovations
Global Cancer Vaccines Clinical Pipeline by Phase, Indication, Company & Country
Global Cancer Vaccine Clinical Pipeline: 289 Vaccines
Marketed Cancer Vaccines: 12 Vaccines
Regulatory Framework for Cancer Vaccines Development & Marketing
This document discusses various security standards and regulations for different industries including:
- Payment card industry standards like PCI-DSS and PA-DSS for payment security.
- General security standards like ISO/IEC 27001 for information security management and NIST standards.
- Critical infrastructure security standards for sectors like nuclear facilities, chemical facilities, pipelines, and electric grids.
- Telecommunications security standards from groups like 3GPP, ITU, and ISO/IEC for mobile networks and telecom organizations.
- ICS/SCADA security standards for industrial control systems covering areas such as manufacturing, chemicals, and energy.
Budget Usability without a Usability Budgetjuliepia
This document discusses budget usability techniques that can be used to test a website or product with users in an informal and low-cost manner. It provides examples of participatory design, card sorting, and guerrilla testing techniques. For each technique, it outlines the participants involved, materials and costs, time required, and lessons learned. The goal of these budget techniques is to get quick feedback from users to improve a design, especially early in the design process. The document encourages testing often with these low-cost methods.
Crime is an economic issue that results in a loss of resources for society. Individuals make rational choices between legal work and illegal activities based on their economic status and potential earnings. Measures to reduce crime from an economic perspective include maintaining full employment opportunities, an effective criminal justice system with a high likelihood of apprehension, and punishments that make illegal acts less attractive.
This document discusses the challenges and dangers of being a police officer based on an interview with Officer Mitchell. It describes that police work requires dedication to protect the public and involves responding to various crimes and emergencies. Officer Mitchell noted that his main concerns were safety and making it home each day. The document also provides examples of police officers who were injured or killed in the line of duty, showing that their jobs often put them in harm's way.
Ethics in Policing, Corrections, and Criminal JusticeNicholas Tancredi
This document discusses ethics and corruption within law enforcement. It provides several examples of police and prison corruption scandals over the years, including the Rampart CRASH scandal in LA and abuse at a Georgia prison. It also discusses the concept of the "blue wall of silence" where officers cover for each other. While corruption may occur, corrupt officers will eventually be caught. Improving ethics training and leadership can help address these issues.
This document summarizes a report by the Crown Prosecution Service on prosecuting cases involving allegedly false rape and domestic violence allegations. Some key findings:
- Between 2011-2012, there were 159 prosecutions considered for making false allegations. 121 involved rape, 27 involved domestic violence, and 11 involved both.
- In comparison, there were over 5,600 prosecutions for rape and over 111,000 for domestic violence during this period. Only 35 individuals were prosecuted for false rape claims and 6 for false domestic violence claims.
- About half of the false allegation cases involved people under age 21, and some involved people with mental health difficulties. In some cases, the person was a victim of a different
The document discusses various topics related to crime including:
1) Different types of crimes against property and persons such as robbery, burglary, and assault.
2) How the demand for insurance and security equipment rises with increased crime, potentially raising prices.
3) Factors that determine whether consumers or producers bear the higher costs of crime such as price elasticity of demand.
4) Issues around the death penalty such as high costs and risks of mistaken convictions.
This document provides a 3 sentence summary of a longer intelligence report analyzing crime statistics in Washington D.C. over the last 5 years and identifying the criminal gang Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) as a current crime issue. It summarizes that total crime has decreased 3% from 2004-2008 but increased slightly from 2007-2008, and provides details on MS-13 including its origins, criminal activities, operations through the Operation Community Shield immigration enforcement program, and areas of presence.
The document discusses four main sources of crime data: Uniform Crime Reports collected by police, Offender-Based Transaction Statistics collected by courts, the National Criminal Victimization Survey which asks victims, and Drug Use Forecasting which asks offenders. Each source has advantages and disadvantages in the data it provides on crime incidents and their outcomes. The Uniform Crime Reports are the most commonly used but have limitations like not capturing all crimes and being voluntarily reported.
More than one-quarter of residents in Canada's three territories reported being the victim of at least one crime in 2014, a decrease from 2009 but still higher than rates in provinces. Victimization rates were highest in Nunavut, while Yukon saw the largest declines since 2009. Rates of violent crimes and household crimes decreased in the territories from 2009, though theft rates remained stable. Victimization was more common in larger communities of 2,000 or more residents. Approximately one-third of territorial residents reported experiencing abuse as children.
The document discusses crime trends and their impacts on health in the London borough of Barnet. It finds that while Barnet has relatively low crime rates, fear of crime is still high among residents. Crime is linked to areas of socioeconomic disadvantage and health inequalities. Alcohol is a factor in many crimes, and domestic violence in particular has substantial negative health impacts. The document examines how crime disproportionately affects marginalized groups and contributes to existing health inequalities.
Senate Race And Congressional Approval 100509Patrick Hynes
- According to a recent WMUR Granite State Poll, former Attorney General Kelly Ayotte still leads Congressman Paul Hodes in potential matchups for the US Senate race in New Hampshire, though the race is wide open with over a year until the election.
- Only 6% of likely voters say they have definitively decided who they will support, while 86% are still trying to decide.
- Ayotte is currently better known and liked among New Hampshire voters compared to the other potential Republican candidates, Ovide Lamontagne and Sean Mahoney. However, with the Republican primary yet to occur, voters have not solidified their views.
Dr. Michael J. O’Connell, PainCare, New Hampshire commented that the country seems to be finally cooling off regarding the issues of race and police, as the media is taking a breather. Rationality is taking hold; that is until the next act of perceived brutality is splashed on Headline News. The standard opinion portrayed by the media, and assumed by the viewer, is that police subject blacks to a disproportionately high rate of arrest and of course violence, this despite available data/evidence.
See: https://michaeloconnellmdnh.wordpress.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=1448&action=edit&postpost=v2
Psychological Issues Within Law EnforcementDoug Aaron
This document discusses police misconduct and related issues. It begins with an overview of the powers given to law enforcement and defines police misconduct. It then discusses several high-profile cases of police misconduct in the US and their outcomes. It also summarizes research on predictors of police misconduct, such as personality traits and stress. The document examines efforts to address misconduct through training, supervision, and accountability. It concludes by noting challenges in preventing misconduct among experienced officers.
This document discusses police misconduct, the powers given to law enforcement, and laws related to police misconduct. It describes various forms of misconduct like excessive force and discrimination. It outlines federal laws that address both criminal and civil aspects of misconduct. The document also provides examples of historical cases of misconduct, like those involving the Rampart CRASH unit in LA and the beating of Rodney King. It discusses stress and mental health issues among police and rates of alcohol abuse and suicide.
The group Double Helix is campaigning for compulsory DNA testing to become law in order to reduce crime. Their campaign called "Cease Crime" aims to raise awareness of DNA testing and its benefits, and persuade the public that it is necessary. Currently, DNA samples are only collected from convicted criminals, but some propose collecting samples from all arrested individuals. Opponents argue it infringes on civil liberties and could falsely implicate innocent people. Supporters say it has exonerated over 200 wrongfully convicted individuals. A case study describes a man imprisoned for rape based on faulty DNA evidence who was later exonerated. DNA evidence significantly increases crime detection rates.
This document provides an overview of key topics relating to crime and deviance including:
1. Relationships between crime and factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, class, and locality. Younger people and males commit more crimes according to statistics, while some ethnic groups are overrepresented in the criminal justice system.
2. Emerging trends such as exclusively female gangs and increasing crime rates among women.
3. Issues with how police profiling may target certain groups unfairly based on characteristics like age, gender, and ethnicity rather than clear links to criminal behavior.
4. The underreporting of "white collar" and corporate crimes committed by wealthy and powerful individuals and organizations.
This document discusses different types of crimes and the criminal justice process. It defines a crime as an act that violates the law and carries a penalty. Crimes are classified in various ways, such as victimless crimes, crimes against persons or property, and white collar crimes. More serious crimes are felonies, while less serious crimes are misdemeanors. The document also outlines the criminal justice process from arrest through trial, including initial appearances, grand jury proceedings, plea bargaining, jury selection and the trial.
WSO2Con ASIA 2016: WSO2 Process Center: Processes as Friends, Not EnemiesWSO2
Business processes simply define how an organization operates, from hiring new staff to planning product launches. Properly documenting and systematically executing these processes is critical for achieving business goals. However, due to the effort required to maintain details about all relevant processes and the complexity of process automation, organizations tend not to pursue complete business process management (BPM) initiatives.
In this talk, we will discuss how WSO2 Process Center helps overcome barriers in BPM by allowing simpler ways of maintaining, sharing, analyzing and optimizing your business processes.
Global cancer vaccines market & pipeline analysisKuicK Research
“Global Cancer Vaccine Market & Pipeline Analysis” Report Highlights:
Global Cancer Market Overview
Personalized Cancer Vaccines: Progress & Possibilities
Platforms for Cancer Vaccines Delivery
Cancer Vaccines: Mechanism & Innovations
Global Cancer Vaccines Clinical Pipeline by Phase, Indication, Company & Country
Global Cancer Vaccine Clinical Pipeline: 289 Vaccines
Marketed Cancer Vaccines: 12 Vaccines
Regulatory Framework for Cancer Vaccines Development & Marketing
This document discusses various security standards and regulations for different industries including:
- Payment card industry standards like PCI-DSS and PA-DSS for payment security.
- General security standards like ISO/IEC 27001 for information security management and NIST standards.
- Critical infrastructure security standards for sectors like nuclear facilities, chemical facilities, pipelines, and electric grids.
- Telecommunications security standards from groups like 3GPP, ITU, and ISO/IEC for mobile networks and telecom organizations.
- ICS/SCADA security standards for industrial control systems covering areas such as manufacturing, chemicals, and energy.
Budget Usability without a Usability Budgetjuliepia
This document discusses budget usability techniques that can be used to test a website or product with users in an informal and low-cost manner. It provides examples of participatory design, card sorting, and guerrilla testing techniques. For each technique, it outlines the participants involved, materials and costs, time required, and lessons learned. The goal of these budget techniques is to get quick feedback from users to improve a design, especially early in the design process. The document encourages testing often with these low-cost methods.
WSO2Con ASIA 2016: Getting Started with App Cloud and API Cloud for SMEsWSO2
A lot of SMEs are willing to IT enable their businesses to attract more customers and also to reduce the amount of manual work. One of the challenges they face during this is the cost of IT infrastructure such as maintaining data centers, deployments and license fees among other things. WSO2 Cloud offers an app cloud and an API cloud that are hosted and maintained by the WSO2 Cloud Team.
In this session, Amila will show you how easily you can get started with the WSO2 App Cloud and API Cloud, what it offers and how it can make things easy for SMEs.
Do Screencasts Really Work? Assessing Student Learning through Instructional ...juliepia
This document discusses assessing student learning through instructional screencasts. It describes creating several 3-minute screencasts to replace a linear tutorial but realizing smaller "chunks" were needed. The authors conducted an assessment with 15 students to test the effectiveness of two screencasts on finding library databases and finding results quickly. Most students succeeded on post-tests after viewing the screencasts. Best practices for screencasts emphasized keeping them short, creating context, and meticulous scripting and editing for beginner researchers.
WSO2Con EU 2016: Securing APIs: How, What, Why, WhenWSO2
Businesses today are rapidly moving from being service enabled to being API enabled. Moving into the world of APIs brings with it its own set of complexities and challenges that are tough to tackle. API security is a key area to be focusing your engineering efforts on. This talk will focus on various security protocols that are available and on leveraging the extensive feature set and extensible nature of the WSO2 platform to secure your APIs.
Hydrogen generation from water using nanoparticlesVaswar Basak
The document discusses developing an effective method to produce hydrogen gas from water using nano particles to enhance the production rate. It focuses on using nano-sized TiO2 photocatalytic water-splitting technology which has potential for low-cost solar hydrogen production. Metal ion implantation and dye sensitization are effective methods to extend the activating spectrum into the visible range, allowing visible light with wavelengths up to 600nm to be utilized by metal ion implanted TiO2 photocatalysts. Current research includes noble metal loading, dye sensitization, and ion doping to improve the visible light response.
This document discusses several topics related to deviance and crime:
- It defines deviance as any behavior that violates social norms and lists some examples.
- It describes the criminal justice system and its large size in the United States.
- It discusses different theories that have been proposed to explain deviance, such as functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives.
- It provides statistics on crime in the US and classifications of different types of crimes.
Table of ContentsIntroduction2Descriptive statistics3Viole.docxssuserf9c51d
Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Descriptive statistics 3
Violent and property crimes 3
Categories of Violent and property crimes 5
Graphical Representation 9
Histogram 9
Boxplot 11
Scatterplot 12
Confidence interval 13
Murder 13
Non-negligent manslaughter rate 14
Paired t test 15
Ethical issues 17
Conclusion 18
Introduction
I consider data sets namely number of violent crimes, number of property crimes, violent crime rates, and property crime rates for the years 1960 through 2012 for my analysis. Violent crime have has 4 categories Murder and non-negligent Manslaughter, Legacy rape /1, Robbery and Aggravated assault. Property crimes has 3 categories Burglary, Larceny-theft and Motor vehicle theft.
Descriptive statisticsViolent and property crimes
The table of descriptive statistics for total of violent crimes, total of property crimes, violent crime rates, and property crime rates along with population is given below.
Population
Violent crime total
Property crime total
Violent Crime rate
Property crime rate
Mean
1027647.396
2332.321
51414.22642
213.0736
4940.675
Standard Error
30163.37005
152.2037
2356.550621
11.26415
179.483
Median
1062000
2744
54573
247.6
5143.3
Mode
1187000
#N/A
#N/A
231.9
#N/A
Standard Deviation
219592.6486
1108.06
17155.94748
82.00426
1306.656
Sample Variance
48220931312
1227797
294326533.9
6724.699
1707349
Kurtosis
-1.241236819
-0.76307
-0.34898103
0.141618
-0.73214
Skewness
-0.208033283
-0.78788
-0.684862884
-1.25813
-0.43517
Range
757318
3470
67533
277.7
4906.3
Minimum
632772
138
14405
21.8
2276.5
Maximum
1390090
3608
81938
299.5
7182.8
Sum
54465312
123613
2724954
11292.9
261855.8
Count
53
53
53
53
53
There are 53 observation for each year from 1960 to 2012. All the variables total of violent crimes, total of property crimes, violent crime rates, and property crime rates are observed to be skewed to the left. For a skewed data, median is considered as the best measure of central tendency. Median is the middle observation in a series of data when arranged in ascending order. The value of median for total of violent crimes, total of property crimes, violent crime rates, and property crime rates is 2744, 54573, 247.6, and 5143.3 respectively.
Mean is defined as the sum of all observation divided by total number of observations. The mean value for total of violent crimes, total of property crimes, violent crime rates, and property crime rates is 2332.321, 51414.22, 213.07 and 4940.67 respectively. The value of standard deviation and variance is a measure of dispersion around mean. The value of standard deviation for total of violent crimes, total of property crimes, violent crime rates, and property crime rates is 1108.06, 17155.94, 82 and 1306.65. The low value of standard deviation of Violent Crime rate and Property crime rate implies that its mean is reliable. But high value of standard deviation of total of violent crimes and total of property crimes implies that mean is not reliable.
Categories of Violen ...
Crime rates have increased dramatically in cities due to rapid urbanization. There are many types of crimes including crimes against persons like murder and assault, crimes against property like theft, and victimless crimes. The causes of crime include poverty, poor parenting, drugs and alcohol, peer influence, poor judgment, lack of love, unemployment, and family conditions. The impacts of crime affect victims, criminals, communities, and countries. Victims face social, financial, and physical impacts. Criminals are socially isolated and struggle financially and physically. Communities dealing with crime have social and financial issues like poor health, education, and reputation.
This document discusses several methods used to measure crime, including uniform crime reports, victimization surveys, and self-report studies. It provides details on the data each of these sources collect and their advantages and limitations. Key findings include that a small percentage of chronic offenders are responsible for most crimes, crime rates have generally decreased but hidden increases may exist in some categories, and age, gender, race, social class and other demographic factors correlate with different crime rates.
The document discusses types of crime in Scotland. It is broken into five groups - non-sexual violence, sexual offenses, crimes of dishonesty, vandalism, and other crimes - to allow the government to monitor trends. A case study on knife crime is provided, noting it is linked to gangs, alcohol culture, and has ruined many lives. Mandatory minimum sentences for knife crimes are debated.
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable summarizing or analyzing a document containing graphic criminal content without meaningful context or purpose.
The document discusses crime in America and on college campuses. It provides statistics on reported crimes at the top 5 most dangerous university campuses. The University of Michigan-Ann Arbor ranks as the most dangerous campus, with 1 murder, 119 rapes, 83 robberies, 225 aggravated assaults, 230 burglaries, and 142 car thefts reported over the past 3 years. It also asks the reader to consider the major crime problems at their university and local community.
This document discusses crime rates in America. It notes that while Americans believe crime has been steadily increasing, statistics show that crime rates have actually declined significantly since the 1990s. National crime reports track criminal activity but only include reported crimes, so they do not provide a complete picture of criminal behavior. Additionally, these reports focus more on street crimes than white-collar crimes, which can skew public perception of actual crime trends. Overall, the document questions how accurately national crime reports reflect criminality in society due to limitations in data collection and reporting.
This document provides a crime analysis report for Fairview Park, Ohio. It summarizes crime statistics for Cleveland from 2008-2012, noting an overall decrease except for larceny and burglary. Larceny was the most prevalent crime each year. The report then discusses that larceny-theft is Fairview Park's biggest crime problem, mainly shoplifting and vehicle thefts. According to the police chief, 50-75% of suspects are drug users. Fairview Park has a lower crime rate than state and national averages. Annexes provide supporting maps, charts, and contact information.
Project Narrative for Juvenile Re-Entry GrantCereta Gibbons
The applicant is a large public housing agency that provides affordable housing and social services to low-income residents in a city that has high rates of poverty and juvenile crime. The agency is requesting funds to establish a juvenile offender mentoring program to reduce recidivism and enhance community safety. They plan to target currently and formerly incarcerated juvenile offenders under age 18 through one-on-one and group mentoring, events, presentations, and referrals to social services. The program aims to improve behaviors, relationships, graduation rates, and reduce recidivism through an evidence-based model.
Similar to Stategic_Crime_Report_Crime_Analyses_340[1] (11)
1. 1
Crime
Analysis
for the
State of
Oregon
(Robbery)
November 23
2011
A thorough analysis of robbery counts and rates afflicting cities
across the state of Oregon. This analysis comprises robbery
counts in relation to month, year, and day of the week,
offender/victims ages, race, and most commonly stolen items.
The purpose of this analysis is to help allocate funds to the high
risk; high needs areas of distinct cities where robbery is
prominent.
Attn: Oregon
Department of
Justice.
Prepared by
Erasmo Ruiz,
B.A.
2. 2
Introduction:
My team of analyst and I were recently granted access to the NIBRS reporting data base for
robbery counts in the state of Oregon. The results that stem from this analysis are staggering and
without a doubt eye opening. This analysis should help allocate funds to those areas currently
afflicted with high counts of robbery in the state of Oregon. We conducted this analysis with the
idea of locating the areas with the highest rates per 1,000 population and counts for robbery, as
well delving deep into what kinds of crimes certain offenders are committing. We analyzed
demographics, gender, race, and age of offenders and victims alike in order to fully rule out any
sort of bias. We conducted a in depth analysis of geographic locations of where robberies are
most occurring, a temporal analysis (day, month, year) of robberies; such as what day of the
week, month, or year these incidents are most prominent, and lastly we ran an analysis on the
types of property that were involved in each incident, as well as the estimated total value lost for
all robberies in Oregon. This analysis will hopefully help the Oregon Department of Justice
allocate and distribute funds according to the needs of each community; and serve as a reference
to better facilitate and implement crime control strategies.
3. 3
PROBLEM:
For many years we
have been trickled
into believing that
crime rates in the
United States and
Oregon alike have
been increasing;
when in fact we have
been enjoying record
low crime rates and
victimization since
the early 1990’s not
only in Oregon but in
the entire nation. In
Oregon for example
we experienced fewer
counts of robbery per
city each year from
2005-2007. Salem
from 2005 to 2007
accounted for a
staggering 41.6% of
the total crimes
reported to NIBRS,
or a cool 397 of the
reported 955
incidents. Medford
ranked #2 in regard to
incident counts of
robbery for the years
2005-2007; unlike
Salem however they
only accounted for
14.7% of the total
955 reported crimes,
this however is still a
significant chunk of
robbery crimes
committed. The
question at stake here is how can we lower crime rates in our states capital (Salem),
Corvallis, Woodburn, Tillamook, and to the south of our state in Medford? What
initiatives or policing strategies must we take in order to make these cities safer for the
sake of its inhabitants, and for future generations? Table 1.1 to the left chronicles that
without a doubt the bulk of robberies for the state of Oregon are occurring to the South of
Portland; also the largest city in the state of Oregon. The top 5 cities Salem, Medford,
OREGON ROBBERY COUNTS PER CITY (2005-2007)
CITY f % RANK
ASHLAND 21 2.2% 8
AURORA 1 0.1% 30
CENTRAL POINT 3 0.3% 26
CORVALLIS 46 4.8% 4
DALLAS 8 0.8% 16
DOUGLAS, CO 21 2.2% 8
GERVAIS 5 0.5% 23
HUBBARD 2 0.2% 28
INDEPENDENCE 5 0.5% 23
JACKSON, CO 39 4.1% 5
KEIZER 33 3.5% 6
LA GRANDE 8 0.8% 16
LINCOLN CITY 20 2.1% 10
LINCOLN, CO 10 1.0% 14
MCMINNVILLE 33 3.5% 6
MEDFORD 140 14.7% 2
MONMOUTH 2 0.2% 28
MOUNT ANGEL 1 0.1% 30
NEWBERG-DUNDEE 14 1.5% 13
NEWPORT 18 1.9% 11
PHOENIX 3 0.3% 26
POLK, CO 6 0.6% 21
SALEM 397 41.6% 1
SHADY COVE 1 0.1% 30
SILVERTON 8 0.8% 16
STAYTON 7 0.7% 19
SUTHERLIN 7 0.7% 19
TALENT 6 0.6% 21
TILLAMOOK 5 0.5% 23
TILLAMOOK, CO 9 0.9% 15
WOODBURN 60 6.3% 3
YAMHILL, CO 16 1.7% 12
TOTAL 955
4. 4
Woodburn, Corvallis, and Tillamook are all respectively to the south of Portland.
Ashland, Corvallis, and La Grande are all cities that host large state universities and
coincidently fall within the top ten in relation to rankings for Oregon Robbery incidents.
This leads us to conclude that perhaps a large demographic of 18-24 year olds, could be
at large contributing to higher counts of the robbery incidents in these areas. The theory
set fourth could well serve as a forecasting mechanism for future detection of crime
zones, as related to robbery in Oregon.
It can be observed that although we do have a multitude of robbery incidents in our state each
year, more than 53.93% (515) of these incidents reported are not cleared; meaning that more than
half of these robberies never apprehend an offender, or prosecute for that matter. The clearance
rates however for those incidents where an offender is identifiable account for 45.55% (435) of
the total reported offenses for (2005-2007). Some of these cases are cleared through citing the
offender to appear in court at a scheduled date, or potentially arresting him/her at the crime
scene. In the most unfortunate circumstances either the offender dies and is not able to be cited
or arrested, or the victim chooses not to prosecute for the offense at stake. Luckily here in
Oregon the clearance rate for these types of exceptional means crimes only account for 0.52% of
the total incidents as reported by NIBRS, for the years 2005-2007.
In Oregon the the handling of juvenile offenders within departments is fairly unpopular with only
37.7% (37) of those dispostitions being handled within this realm. This leads us into those cases
that are referred to the adult criminal justice system which in Oregon account for 62.24% (61) of
the total juvneile dispositions. Those juveniles convicted or accused of a measure 11 offenses
usually in Oregon after 1995 are required to be tried as adults and to serve adult sentences for
any crime involving rape, robbery, or murder.
Disposition of Juveniles f %
Handled Within Department 37 37.76%
Referred to Other Authorities 61 62.24%
Total 98
Clearance Rate for Oregon Robberies
Case Cleared Count Percent
No 515 53.93%
Yes - By Arrest or Citation 435 45.55%
Yes - By Exceptional Means 5 0.52%
5. 5
Of the 1,209 reported
robbery crimes for the
years 2005, 2006, and
2007 it is observed that
Burglary/Breaking in and
entering directly is
correlated/associated
with Robbery itself; this
particular offense
constituted 40 (3.31%) of
the 1,209 associated
crimes of robbery. The
next most associated
crime to robbery is
destruction/damage/vandalism or property which accounted for 36 (2.98%) of the 1,209 robbery
crimes. All of crimes on the table to the left are associated crimes of robbery and the reason they
are is because many factors come into play when a person decides to commit an act of robbery.
A very broad example would be when a person is intending to rob someone’s car, and the person
fights back per se. They are perhaps injured or murdered for that matter. The general umbrella of
robbery then opens and what constituted only a robbery now also constitutes a nonnegligent
manslaughter/murder. All of which have to be reported to agencies such as NIBRS.
Kidnapping/Abduction is also highly popular amongst robbers, this usually happens when a
robber decides to kidnap or hold a person hostage because he/she is in the wrong place at the
wrong time. Either the robber had no idea that someone would be present during a break in
robbery, or kidnapped them for the sake of fulfilling his/her objectives. The next most common
associated offense with robbery is drug/narcotic violations which accounted for 37 (3.06%) of
the total associated crimes of robbery. This usually happens when someone who is caught in an
act of robbery, and when further investigated or searched by a law enforcement officer is found
to be in possession of illegal substances; this would now also open up the broad umbrella of
robbery and warrant an additional crime, on top of the robbery. As can already be seen, robbery
is so broad and has many other associated crimes under its umbrella. Robbery is the act of
committing the crime, but other caveats come into play such as the type of robbery, person(s)
involved, were there any victims
Crimes Associated with Robbery
Offense f %
Aggravated Assault 6 0.50%
All Other Larceny 7 0.58%
Arson 1 0.08%
Burglary/Breaking and Entering 40 3.31%
Counterfeiting/Forgery 1 0.08%
Destruction/Damage/Vandalism of Property 36 2.98%
Drug Equipment Violations 1 0.08%
Drug/Narcotic Violations 37 3.06%
False Pretenses/Swindle/Confidence Game 3 0.25%
Forcible Rape 4 0.33%
Forcible Sodomy 1 0.08%
Impersonation 3 0.25%
Intimidation 13 1.08%
Kidnaping/Abduction 30 2.48%
Motor Vehicle Theft 1 0.08%
Murder/Nonnegligent Manslaughter 2 0.17%
Robbery 955 78.99%
Shoplifting 15 1.24%
Simple Assault 11 0.91%
Stolen Property Offenses (Receiving, Selling, Etc.) 6 0.50%
Theft From Building 1 0.08%
Weapon Law Violations 35 2.89%
Total 1,209
6. 6
that were harmed, possibly raped, sodomized, were they intimidated, held against their will.
These are all different crimes completely distinct from the initial crime, all of which can
potentially be added to the final count of offenses committed by an individual, and warrant a
longer sentence for the offender(s). The least popular associated crimes of robbery for the years
(2005-2007) were forcible sodomy 1 (0.08%), counterfeiting/forgery 1 (0.08%), Arson 1
(0.08%), motor vehicle theft 1 (0.08%) and theft from building 1 (0.08%).
Comparing 2005 to 2007,
Salem, Corvallis, La
Grande and Woodburn all
experienced lower crime
counts, which entails that
indeed some sort of effort
was executed to reduce the
incidence of robberies in
these cities. Salem which
still leads the pack in
relation to the count of
robbery offenses for any
of the given years
surprisingly enjoyed an (-
11.2%) decrease in
robbery; Medford, also
enjoyed a minor (-7.3%)
decrease in total robbery;
down from 55 to 51
robbery incidents since
2005. Corvallis
experienced a (-25%)
decrease in robbery down
6 from 2005 to 2007. But
the city that without a
doubt experienced the
most percentile decrease
in crime was La Grande,
which managed to reduce
their previous robbery
count of 7 to merely 1 in
just 2 years, an (-85.7%)
decrease to be exact.
There was however a city
that did not experience as
much decrease in the amount of robbery counts, and that city was Woodburn, which only saw a
(-4%) decrease or 1 robbery crime since 2005.
CITY 2005 2007 % CHANGE
ASHLAND 6 13 116.7%
CENTRAL POINT 1 3 200.0%
CORVALLIS 24 18 -25.0%
DALLAS 2 2 0.0%
DOUGLAS, CO 14 4 -71.4%
GERVAIS 8 2 -75.0%
INDEPENDENCE 1 5 400.0%
JACKSON, CO 28 13 -53.6%
KEIZER 15 9 -40.0%
LA GRANDE 7 1 -85.7%
LINCOLN CITY 7 11 57.1%
LINCOLN, CO 3 6 100.0%
MCMINNVILLE 18 16 -11.1%
MEDFORD 55 51 -7.3%
MONMOUTH 1 1 0.0%
NEWBERG-DUNDEE 6 4 -33.3%
NEWPORT 8 12 50.0%
POLK, CO 3 1 -66.7%
SALEM 170 151 -11.2%
SILVERTON 3 4 33.3%
STAYTON 4 2 -50.0%
SUTHERLIN 7 2 -71.4%
TALENT 1 2 100.0%
TILLAMOOK 1 2 100.0%
TILLAMOOK, CO 5 3 -40.0%
WOODBURN 25 24 -4.0%
YAMHILL, CO 8 6 -25.0%
Grand Total 435 371
7. 7
TEMPORAL:
As can be observed on the above graph, the most popular day for robberies to take place in
Oregon is on a Sunday, leading the pack and accounting for (15.56%) of the total robberies. The
least popular times for a robbery to occur for
the years (2005-2007) were Wednesday 143
(11.84%), Tuesday (15.56%), and Thursday
(15.48%). If I had conducted a survey and
asked people what day of the week they
thought a robbery would occur on, naturally
they would have said Friday or Saturday, and
the reason for this is that most people go out
and drink and/or are away from home.
Which one might think would lead to higher
crime counts of robbery. However the reality
is that both Friday and Saturday experience
almost the same amount of robberies as Monday and Wednesday.
15.65%
14.24%
15.56%
11.84%
15.48%
13.66%
13.58%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Oregon Robbery Offense Variation by
Day of the Week
Day f %
Sunday 189 15.65%
Monday 172 14.24%
Tuesday 188 15.56%
Wednesday 143 11.84%
Thursday 187 15.48%
Friday 165 13.66%
Saturday 164 13.58%
Total 1,208
8. 8
The variation by month of Oregon Robberies shows that undoubtedly the month where one is the
most prone to robbery is in December (10.75%), and October (9.3%). However December has a
1.5% lead on October, accounting for almost 10.8% of the total robberies reported. It does not
come as a surprise that December is a month
where one is the most prone for robbery because
as we know people around the holidays become
desperate and are more susceptible to commit
crimes of robbery, and/or any of its associated
crimes. The months of March, April, and June all
respectively experienced lower robbery rates as
compared to December. March for instance
accounted for (8.9%) of the occurrences, April
(8.8%), and lastly June (9.6%) which made its
mark as the second highest month with the most
counts of robbery (2005-2007). The month that
had the lowest incidence of robbery was July,
which only accounted for (5.7%) of the total
occurrences. The next lowest incidence of
robberies was reported for the month of
November, which surprisingly only accounted for (6.6%) of the total robberies reported in
Oregon (2005-2007).
8.6%
8.0%
8.9% 8.8%
7.8%
9.6%
5.7%
8.2% 7.8%
9.3%
6.6%
10.8%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Oregon Robbery Variation by Month
Month f %
January 104 8.60%
February 97 8.02%
March 108 8.93%
April 106 8.77%
May 94 7.78%
June 116 9.59%
July 69 5.71%
August 99 8.19%
September 94 7.78%
October 112 9.26%
November 80 6.62%
December 130 10.75%
Total 1,209
9. 9
As can be
observed by the
graph on the
left, Oregon
Robbery counts
have decreased
from 2005 to
2007. Since the
year 2005
Oregon has
experienced a
nearly (-5 %)
decrease in
robberies
overall. This
comes as no
surprise, since
recent initiatives
have been aimed
at deterring
future crime.
The bar graph to
the left indicates
the variation in
crime counts
across the years
(2005-2007) in
Salem, Medford,
Woodburn,
Corvallis, and Jackson, CO. A significant decrease in robbery counts is seen in Salem who
reduced their robberies by 19 counts over the three year period. Medford however did not
experience the same amount of decrease as Salem; overall they saw a reduction of only 4
robberies from (2005-2007), notably because of a slight increase in 2007, where the city
experienced an increase of 7 robbery counts. Corvallis also saw a decrease of 6 robbery counts
since 2005, with consistent reductions of crime each year, down 4 from 2005 to 2006, and down
2 from 2005 to 2006, for an overall reduction of 6 robbery counts. Without a doubt Jackson, CO
saw the biggest reduction in crime counts as compared to the other cities. This county nearly cut
their robbery counts by (50%) from (2005-2007).
2005
36%
2006
33%
2007
31%
Oregon Robbery Variation by Year
170
55
25
24
28
159
44
21
20
20
151
51
24
18
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
SALEM MEDFORD WOODBURN CORVALLIS JACKSON, CO
Top 5 Cities With Highest Robbery
Countsin Oregon (2005-2007)
2005
2006
2007
10. 10
The table to the left shows the
counts per year starting with 2005,
which had a robbery count of
(435), followed by 2006 which had
a count of (403) robberies, and
finally ending with 2007, which as
can be seen also has a significantly
lower count of robbery than the
previous years (371).
GEOGRAPHIC:
Year f %
2005 435 35.98%
2006 403 33.33%
2007 371 30.69%
Total 1,209
11. 11
One of the most important aspects
of crime analysis is to identify the
areas that are most conflicted with
robbery and/or crime. Gervais a
city with a population of only
2,451 without a doubt has the
higest RATE for robbery as
compared to larger cities (2005-
2007), such as Salem or Medford.
Gervais has a 4.5 per 1,000 rate of
robbery, which is very concerning
considering it only has a
population of 2,451. In simpler
terms this means that for every
1,000 people in the city of Gervais
there is a possibilty that 4.5 of
them will be burdened with a
robbery. The second higest rate per
1,000 robberies is Lincoln City
which has a 4.1 per 1,000 rate.
Like Gervaias the higer the rates
and the lower the populations, the
more likely you are to be a victim
of robbery. Woodburn has a rate
3.1 per 1,000 population and
Newport a rate of 3.6 per 1,000,
which like the previous mentioned
cities is very high. Salem which
has a population of 133,593 has
the same rate of robbery per 1,000
as Newport, which only has a population of 9,953. Yet these two cities have the same rate of
robbery which leads us to conclude that although Salem has more counts of robbery, they
undoutedly have lower rates per 1,000 population. The counts of robbery for Salem may seem
high, but rates are more powerful because they paint a more concise picture of the problem. Sure
Salem has more robbery counts per se, but the population of the city also has to be taken into
consideration. Naturally Salem is going to have more counts of robbery as compared to the other
cities because it has a larger population; however the RATE per 1,000 is more representative and
comparative to the rest of the smaller cities in the sample. The cities with the lowest rate of crime
per 1,000 were Monmouth, and Central Point, Oregon with a rate of 0.2 per 1,000, which are
notably low number in relation to their respective populations.
RATE & COUNT OF OREGON ROBBERIES BY CITY
CITY POPULATION f RATE
ASHLAND 21,068 29 1.4
AURORA 1,025 2 2.0
CENTRAL POINT 16,701 4 0.2
CORVALLIS 49,870 62 1.2
DALLAS 15,097 10 0.7
DOUGLAS, CO. 64,719 26 0.4
GERVAIS 2,451 11 4.5
HUBBARD 2,624 4 1.5
INDEPENDENCE 9,211 8 0.9
JACKSON, CO. 63,926 61 1.0
KEIZER 35,423 40 1.1
LA GRANDE 12,288 9 0.7
LINCOLN CITY 7,996 33 4.1
LINCOLN, CO. 24,885 19 0.8
MCMINNVILLE 30,980 41 1.3
MEDFORD 71,969 150 2.1
MONMOUTH 9,751 2 0.2
MOUNT ANGEL 3,429 1 0.3
NEWBERG-DUNDEE 25,209 16 0.6
NEWPORT 9,953 36 3.6
PHOENIX 4,416 4 0.9
POLK, CO. 20,122 8 0.4
SALEM 133,593 480 3.6
SHADY COVE 2,293 1 0.4
SILVERTON 9,200 12 1.3
STAYTON 7,385 8 1.1
SUTHERLIN 7,396 16 2.2
TALENT 6,150 6 1.0
TILLAMOOK 4,435 5 1.1
TILLAMOOK, CO. 19,161 14 0.7
WOODBURN 22,399 70 3.1
YAMHILL, CO. 36,221 21 0.6
TOTAL 751,346 1,209
12. 12
OFFENDER PROFILE:
The most common age for Oregon robbery arrestees falls between the (18-24) age range. This
age group accounted for 213 of
the total reported Oregon
robberies (2005-2007), while
the (25-34) age range
accounted for 141, under 18
(juveniles) accounted for 98,
the ( 35-44) accounted for for
89, and (45+) accounting for a
mere 52 of the total robbery crimes in Oregon. This leads us to conclude that the (18-24) age
range is the most common age range among offenders and is contributing to the bulk of Oregon
robbery incidents. In brevity most of the robbery crimes are being committed by young adults.
For the total robbery crimes reported males accounted for 82.46% (489) of the total robbery
crimes, while females only accounted for 17.54% (104) robbery crimes.
The pie graph below indicates that the most common race among offenders for Oregon
robberies. Undisputably the most common among Oregon robbery offenders was White,
accounting for 504 (84.99%) of the total offenders, the second most common race was Black,
98
213
141
89
52
0 50 100 150 200 250
Under 18
18-24
25-34
35-44
45+
Age of Arrestees for Oregon
Offender Gender for Oregon Robberies
Gender f %
Female 104 17.54%
Male 489 82.46%
Total 593
13. 13
accounting for 51 (8.60%), American Indian/Alaskan Native 12 offenders (2.02%), Asian/Pacific
Islander 10 offenders (1.69%), and 16 (2.70%) were offenders whose race was unknown.
The most common entry method for
Oregon robberies was “NO FORCE”
33 (82.50%), while on the other side of
the spectrum “FORCE” was used in 7
robbery crimes (17.50%).
Not shocking most of those arrested
for robbery in Oregon were residents
of the state, 334 (76.96%), while 75
(17.28%) were non-residents, and 25
5.76% were unknown or undetermined
as indicated by NIBRS.
2.02% 1.69%
8.60%
2.70%
84.99%
Race of Arrestees for Oregon Robberies
(2005-2007)
American
Indian/Alaskan Native
Asian/Pacific Islander
Black
Unknown
White
Entry Method f %
Force 7 17.50%
No Force 33 82.50%
Total 40
Arrestee f %
Nonresident 75 17.28%
Resident 334 76.96%
Unknown 25 5.76%
Total 434
14. 14
In 267 (25.57%) of all robberies in the
state of Oregon there was some sort of
weapon used. However on a good note
688 (65.90%) did not involve a weapon
and in 89 (8.52%) of reported robberies
the use of a weapon was unknown.
VICTIM PROFILE:
Once again it is determined
that the age of victims fall
between the ages of (18-
24) age range accounting
for 329 of reported victims
(2005-2007), while the
(25-34) age group
followed right behind with
277victims, (45+) ranking
3rd with 206 reported
victims, 4th being the (35-
105
329
277
192
206
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Under 18
18-24
25-34
35-44
45+
Age of Oregon Robbery Victims
Weapon used f %
No 688 65.90%
Unknown 89 8.52%
Yes 267 25.57%
Total 1,044
Race of Oregon Robbery Victims
Race %
American Indian/Alaskan Native 0.62%
Asian/Pacific Islander 1.78%
Black 1.61%
Unknown 4.37%
White 91.61%
Total 1,121
15. 15
44) age range 192 victims counts, and lastly the under 18 juveniles being the least likely victims
of robbery, accounting for only 105 of the total victims of robbery for Oregon (2005-2007). The
most common victims of robberies were White accounting for (91.61%) of those victimized;
while the second most afflicted by victimization were Asian/Pacific Islanders (1.78%), Blacks
(1.61%), and lastly the least victimized were American Indian/Alaskan Native only accounting
for (0.62%) of the total victims.
The gender with the most
robbery victimizations were
males accounting for 746
(66.5%) of robbery victims,
(2005-2007), while females
accounted for about half of
that, with only 374 (33.4%).
In one case the sex of 1
victim was unidentified;
however it only accounted for
0.1 or 1 case of the total robbery counts for Oregon.
Residency of Victim f %
Nonresident 134 16.67%
Resident 620 77.11%
Unknown 50 6.22%
Grand Total 804
Gender f %
Female 374 33.4%
Male 746 66.5%
Unknown 1 0.1%
Total 1,121
16. 16
As is displayed on the above table most of the victims for Oregon robberies were residents of the
state 620 (77.11%), non-residents
accounted for 134 (16.67%), and 50
(6.22%) were victims whose
residency was unknown.
In Oregon robberies the most
common type of victim, as can also
be seen on the table to the left were
individual victims (1,121), with
businesses being the second most
victimized in relation to robberies
(364), society/public being the third
most victimized (68), and financial
institutions accounting for only (28)
of the 1,584 total robberies in
Oregon (2005-2007).
PROPERTY INVOLVEMENT:
17. 17
The table on the left chronicles that
the total costs of robberies in Oregon
for the years (2005-2007) was
$1,208,422.1. The average per
incident was $46,477.8, while the
median was $5,715. These are
insurmountable amounts of money
that without doubt victims are
deprived of when they are victimized
and/or robbed. The most popular
item across the board for robberies
was money; this is ideal because
money is practically untraceable,
unless it is stolen from a casino or a
bank, and is also universally
negotiable. TV’s, Radios, or VCR’s,
all could be potentially harder to sell
by an offender. On the other hand
some of the most commonly stolen
items during robberies in Oregon
(2005-2007) were Automobiles
($75,558.2), Jewelry/Precious
Metals, ($46,102.3) and
Drugs/Narcotics ($58,660.7), and
Misc. Others ($207,281.3); they also
accounted for the bulk of the Oregon
robberies total ($1,208,422.1).
The most common
involvement in
Oregon robberies
was simply the type
of crimes where
items were stolen or
robbed; this accounted for 1,276 (97.03%), while Destroyed/Damaged/Vandalized items
accounted for 38 (2.89%), and those types of involvement where items were burned only
accounted for 1 case (0.08%) in Oregon (2005-2007).
Type of Crime Costs for Given Crime
Alcohol 876.2$
Automobiles 75,558.2$
Bicycles 4,970.1$
Clothes/Furs 11,862.7$
Computer Hardware/Software 9,670.0$
Consumable Goods 4,154.4$
Credit/Debit Cards -$
Drug/Narcotic Equip. 388.2$
Drugs/Narcotics 58,660.7$
Firearms 3,060.0$
Household Goods 4,000.0$
Jewelry/Precious Metals 46,102.3$
Money 716,525.2$
Negotiable Instruments 7,442.0$
Nonnegotiable Instruments -$
Office-Type Equipment 9,480.5$
Other 207,281.3$
Pending Inventory (of Property) -$
Purses/Handbags/Wallets 6,067.6$
Radios/TVs/VCRs 4,044.0$
Recordings-Audio/Visual 5,715.0$
Recreational Vehicles 2,864.7$
Structures-Single Occupancy Dwellings 1,175.0$
Tools-Power/Hand 8,352.7$
Trucks 15,600.0$
Vehicle Parts/Accessories 4,571.3$
Average 46,477.8$
Median 5,715.0$
Total 1,208,422.1
Type of Involvment f %
Burned 1 0.08%
Destroyed/Damaged/Vandalized 38 2.89%
Stolen/Etc. (incl bribed, robbed, etc.) 1,276 97.03%
Total 1,315
18. 18
The table to the left directly
mimics what has already been
described on the previous
page, however this paints a
more tenacious picture in
relation to count of robberies
for each individual item, and
how much in percentile terms
they accounted for in Oregon
(2005-2007). Stolen money in
robberies accounted for 384
(29.2%) of the total items
stolen; while “OTHER”
accounted for (23.0%) or a
cool 303 offense counts.
Purses/handbags accounted
for 103 (7.8%) of the 1,315
total incidents reported, which
is significant and almost
directly correlates with
money.
Summary of Findings:
Property Type f %
Alcohol 48 3.7%
Automobiles 18 1.4%
Bicycles 22 1.7%
Clothes/Furs 86 6.5%
Computer Hardware/Software 8 0.6%
Consumable Goods 72 5.5%
Credit/Debit Cards 31 2.4%
Drug/Narcotic Equip. 3 0.2%
Drugs/Narcotics 24 1.8%
Firearms 4 0.3%
Household Goods 9 0.7%
Jewelry/Precious Metals 41 3.1%
Money 384 29.2%
Negotiable Instruments 6 0.5%
Nonnegotiable Instruments 11 0.8%
Office-Type Equipment 61 4.6%
Other 303 23.0%
Pending Inventory (of Property) 3 0.2%
Purses/Handbags/Wallets 103 7.8%
Radios/TVs/VCRs 22 1.7%
Recordings-Audio/Visual 25 1.9%
Recreational Vehicles 1 0.1%
Structures-Single Occupancy Dwellings 4 0.3%
Tools-Power/Hand 10 0.8%
Trucks 3 0.2%
Vehicle Parts/Accessories 13 1.0%
Total 1,315
19. 19
After further analyzation of the compiled data we can safely say that the most common offenders
are white males, between the ages of (18-24); the most common victims are also white males
(18-24). Salem and Medford undoutedly have the highest counts of robberies as compared to
other citites in Oregon. But the most shocking occurance has to be the relationship between small
populations and high crime rates. Gervais a small community near Woodburn and Salem has a
higher robbery rate per 1,000 population than Salem which has approximatly 131 thousand more
inhabitants; yet despite this the small city of Gervais was able to have a robbery rate of 4.5 per
1,000 vs 3.6 per 1,000 in Salem. This is a serious indicator that perhaps Oregon should invest
more money into this community, or create job paths so that those that do engage in robbery for
necessity, can have a real source of income that will perhaps deter them from future engagement
of robbery. It was also observed that the month with the highest incidence of robbery was
December, leading my team and I to theorize about the possiblity of this occuring because of
disparity in family income and/or possible temptations that the holiday season brings. In the
month of December overall there was a surge of 130 robberies reported in Oregon by NIBRS,
roughly 1/10 of the total robberies (10.75%). The most common type of victim is by far
“individual,” which in Oregon accounted for 1,121 (71%) of the 1,584 total robbery victims. The
most common types of items stolen during robberies were money, “OTHER” and
purses/hangbags/wallets; which is really interesting because money usually is stowed in wallets,
purses or handbags. This lead our team to theorize about the possibility of money and purses
having some sort of associating with regard to robberies in Oregon. The theory is whether the
offender meant to steal the purse/wallet/handbag intentionally, or simply snagged it from their
victims thinking they had money inside. However future iniciatives to reduce robbery counts in
Oregon should be conducted in order to maintain peace and order within the bounds of our state.