The document outlines the significance of electrical engineering in modern society, emphasizing its contributions to technology, economy, and industry. It covers critical areas such as electrical energy treatment, information processing, and the organization of power generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Additionally, the document discusses various types of electrical machines, their classifications, and applications, particularly focusing on DC and AC motors.

1. State of the arts of
State of the arts of Electrical
Electrical
engineering
engineering

2. 2
Table of contents
Table of contents
1- Electrotechnics (EE)
2- Electronics
3- Automatics
4-Telecommunication
- Electrical grids : electricity production, transport, exploitation
- Electrical machines : static and rotary machines, DC and AC
machines
- machine control: power electronics, technics of
control
- Micro-electronic (electronic components technology: diode,
transistor, …..
- Electronic sensors, …. Antenna,
- Computer and Satellite, ….
- Components of an automatic system : sensors, actuator,
programmable logic controller
- Controlling an automatic system : Graphset, …Ladder,
Telecommunication concern the flow of information
between the different company departments or between the
company and the outside world by : internet, intranet,
telephone, company's telecommunications infrastructure.

3. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Electrical engineering has become one of the most important
branches of modern engineering. It has contributed considerably to
the rapid development experienced by all other disciplines of modern
engineering, science and the arts. Over the past epoch, electrical
engineering has played a very important role in the development of
our society in social, economic and industrial fields.
Since the discovery of electricity, our society has experienced a
very rapid technological change which far exceeds the imagination of
the first inventors of the electric machine. Today, it has become
inconceivable to live and prosper without learning or at least
becoming familiar with this electrical technology which, more and
more, is taking control of every moment of our lives.
We can, essentially, group all the applications of electricity into two
main areas :
• that of the treatment of electrical energy;
• that of electrical information processing.

4. The treatment of electrical energy : covers all the techniques
related to the production, distribution and use (in particular by
electromechanical, electro-thermal and electrochemical devices) of
electrical energy.
The processing of electrical information : taken here in its
largest sense, includes the techniques of acquisition (measurements),
transmission (telecommunications) and exploitation (computers,
automatic systems, etc.) of the information supported by electrical
signals. Each of these areas is at the origin of a real industrial
revolution with deep repercussions on economic and social life.

5. Electrical engineering is a branch that concern the field of
electricity and its applications. It is interested in the production of
electrical energy (power plants ‘CE’, renewable energies), its
distribution and its use (in motors and actuators for example).
Electrical engineering EE
Electrical engineering EE
(
(électrotechnique
électrotechnique)
)
1. Introduction
Electrical grids
Electrical machines
Machine control
production
Transport
Transformation
Exploitation
Static machines
DC Rotary machines
AC rotary machines
Techniques of control
Power electronics
Electrical
engineering

6. An electrical grid (or electricity network) is an
interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to
consumers. Electrical grids consist of power stations, electrical
substations to step voltage up or down, electric power transmission
to carry power over long distances, and finally electric power
distribution to customers. In that last step, voltage is stepped down
again to the required service voltage. Power stations are typically
built close to energy sources and far from densely populated areas
2- Electrical grids

7. Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of
primary energy typically at power stations. Usually this is done with
electromechanical generators driven by heat engines or the kinetic energy of water
or wind. Other energy sources include solar photovoltaics and geothermal power.
A-Generating system
Nuclear power station
Gas power station
Photovoltaic power station
Hydroelectric power station

8. B-Transmission system
Because the power is often generated far from where it is consumed, the
transmission system can cover great distances. For a given amount of power,
transmission efficiency is greater at higher voltages and lower currents. Therefore,
voltages are stepped up at the generating station, and stepped down at local
substations for distribution to customers.
Most transmission is three-phase. Three phase, compared to single phase, can
deliver much more power for a given amount of wire, since the neutral and ground
wires are shared. Further, three-phase generators and motors are more efficient than
their single-phase counterparts.

9. Organization of the production, transmission and distribution
Main classes of voltage and
their approximate ranges

11. Rotary Electrical Machines
Laplace’s Law Equation Faraday’s Law Equation
- DC electric Machine
- AC electric Machine
- Universal electric Machine

12. DC Motor Working
A magnetic field arises in the air gap when the field coil of the DC
motor is energized. The created magnetic field is in the direction of
the radii of the armature. The magnetic field enters the armature
from the North pole side of the field coil and “exits” the armature
from the field coil’s South pole side. The conductors located on the
other pole are subjected to a force of the same intensity but in the
opposite direction. These two opposing forces create a torque that
causes the motor armature to rotate.

13. DC motors have a wide range of applications ranging from electric
shavers to automobiles. To cater to this wide range of applications, they
are classified into different types based on the field winding connections
to the armature as:
•Self Excited DC Motor
•Separately Excited DC Motor
Types of DC motor
Self Excited DC Motor
In self-excited DC motors, the field winding is connected either in series or
parallel to the armature winding. Based on this, the self-excited DC motor can
further be classified as:
Shunt wound DC motor Series wound DC motor Compound wound DC
motor

14. In a separately excited DC motor, the field coils are energised from an
external source of DC supply as shown in the figure.
Separately Excited DC Motor
Brushed DC Motor vs Brushless DC Motor
A brushless DC motor, also known as synchronous
DC motor, unlike brushed DC motors, do not have
a commutator. The commutator in a brushless DC
motor is replaced by an electronic
servomechanism that can detect and adjust the
angle of the rotor.
A brushed DC motor features a commutator that
reverses the current every half cycle and creates
single direction torque. While brushed DC motors
remain popular, many have been phased out for
more efficient brushless models in recent years.

15. Applications of DC Motor
Shunt DC Motors
Owing to the constant speed and medium starting torque of shunt DC motors, they are used
in the following applications:
•Centrifugal pumps
•Lathe machines
•Blowers and Fans
•Drilling machines
•Milling machines
•Machine tools
Series DC Motors
Owing to the high starting torque and variable speed of series DC motors, they are used in the
following applications:
•Conveyors
•Hoists, Elevators
•Cranes
•Electric Locomotives
Cumulative Compound DC motors
Owing to the high starting torque of cumulative compound DC motors, they are used in the
following applications:
•Shears
•Heavy Planers
•Rolling mills
•Elevators

16. AC Motor
An AC motor is an electric machine that converts alternating current into
mechanical rotation. AC motor applications range from industrial bulk
power conversion from electrical to mechanical to household small power
conversion. In this article, let us briefly discuss an AC motor’s various traits
and working.

29. The selection of a power device for a particular application
depends not only on the required voltage and current levels but also on
its switching characteristics :
- Transistors and GTOs provide control of both turn-on and turnoff,
SCRs of turn on but not turnoff, and diodes of neither.
- Switching speeds and the associated power losses are very important
In power electronics circuits. The BJT is a minority carrier device,
whereas the MOSFET is a majority carrier device that does not have
minority carrier storage delays, giving the MOSFET an advantage in
switching speeds. BJT switching times may be a magnitude larger than
those for the MOSFET. Therefore, the MOSFET generally has lower
switching losses and is preferred over the BJT.
SWITCH SELECTION