State and Non State Institutions.powerpointtx

Understanding
Culture Society
and
Politics
1st Semester, 2nd Quarter, Week
2
S.Y. 2022-2023

MELCs
*Explain the forms and functions
of state and non-state institutions

Objectives
:
At the end of this lesson the learners should be
able to:
 identify the different forms and functions of state
and non-state institutions;
 describe each form of state and non-state
institutions; and
 explain how state and non-state institution's
function.

Quarter 2 – Module
1State and
Non-state
Institutions

Name the logo:
State Institution Non-State Institution

Institution:
Composed of a set of formal
rules, informal norms, or agreed
upon understanding that
constraint and prescribe political
actors' behavior and interaction
with one another. (Encyclopedia
Britannica)

Institution:
Main function: is to keep
society in order and
implement specific tasks
assigned to them.

STATE
A state is an organized political community
acting under a government and united by
common set of laws. It uses absolute power
in directing the path of a society. It also
uses complete political coerciveness, which
may come in the form of armed forces
personnel, stricter laws, and rigid
government policies in order to attain its
societal goals and objectives.

It is a community of persons, more or
less numerous, occupying a definite
portion of earth’s surface, having its
own governmen
t
, through which
the
inhabitants render
habitual
obedienc
e
fre
e
from outside
control.

Market exchange
Market exchange is the
primary form of economic
subsistence of a state wherein
standardized currencies are being
used to exchange commodities.

◎ Institutions
23
that
have state
functions and are
established to
govern the
state
including all other
agencies, bureaus
and offices.
State
Institutions

Political and Leadership Structures:
According to Max Weber as cited by
Santarita & Madrid, 2016, Political structure or
institution is defined as the organized way in
which power is allocated and decisions are
made within society.
State
Institution:

Political and Leadership Structures:

Executive branch:
is comprised of the President and
the Vice President who are chosen
by direct popular vote and fulfill a
term of six years. The Constitution
grants the President authority to
appoint his Cabinet. These
departments form a large portion
of the country’s bureaucracy.

Political and Leadership
Structures:
can make laws, alter, and
reverse them through the
power bestowed in the
Philippine Congress. This
institution is divided into
the Senate and the House
of Representatives

Political and Leadership
Structures: maintains the power to resolve
disputes concerning rights that
are legally demandable and
enforceable. This branch decides
whether there has been a
serious abuse of judgment
amounting to lack or excess of
authority on the part and
instrumentality of the government.
It is made up of a Supreme
Court and lower courts.

State Institutions
29
Also under the Office of the President:
◎ Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
(MMDA)
◎ National Statistics Office (NSO) / Philippine
Statistics Office (PSA)
◎ Tariff Commission
◎ National Intelligence Coordinating Agency
(NICA)
◎ National Security Council (NSC)
◎ Office of the Press Secretary (OPS)
◎ Philippine News Agency (PNA)
◎ Philippine Anti-Graft Commision

State Institutions
1
◎ Constitutional Commissions
• CHR, COA, COMELEC, CSC
◎ Local Government Units
◎ National Government
Agencies(i.e. DILG, DND,
DAR,, DA, DOH, Deped,
etc.)

State Institutions
1
◎ Government owned
or corporations (i.e.
GSIS, PAG-IBIG NFA,
PHIC, etc.)

State
Four Elements of the
State
soVErEIGNty
PEoPLE
tErrItory
GoVErNMENt

1
. People or
Population
 It is the people who make the
state. Population is essential for the
state.
Without a population there can be no
State.

2. Territory
The territory should be
a
fixed and bounded
portion
of the earth’s
surface
. Within it, are
natural
resources that are vital for people to live.
The inhabitants have the responsibility to
conserve and protect these resources.
Furthermore, the people must be able to
defend their state from invaders and doing so,
the use of force may be justified

3.
Government
 This is where
that
laws to be
implemented
i
n
 The people should follow the laws and
respect authority.
 A state cannot exist without a government.
 Sovereignty belongs to the State;
the government only uses it on behalf of the
State

performs the
law-
application
functions
Executive
performs law-
making
functions
Legislative
There are three branchesof
Government:
Judiciary
performs
adjudication
functions.

4.
Sovereignty
It refers to the supreme power of the
state to rule itself without interference
from other state. This means that the
state is an independent entity where
people enjoy freedom. A territory is not
a state if it is not independent.

1. Internal Sovereignty
Sovereigntyhas two
dimensions
It means the power of the State to order and regulate
the activities of all the people, groups and institutions
which are at work within its territory. All these
institutions always act in accordance with the laws of
the State. The State can punish them for every
violation of any of its laws.

2. External Sovereignty
Sovereigntyhas two
dimensions
It means complete independence of the State from
external control. It also means the full freedom of the
State to participate in the activities of the community
of nations. Each state has the sovereign power to
formulate and act on the basis of its independent
foreign policy

Functionsof State
 1. maintains control over violence in its
domain
 2. allocates resources and rewards at its
discretion, and
 3. stands as the major focus of identity
for the large majority of the people
under its authority.

Forms of States
 States come in a variety of
forms that vary on who holds
power, how positions of
leadership are obtained, and
how authority is maintained.
These are:

Forms of States
 a. Authoritarian Government
 Authoritarian governments differ
in who holds power and in how
control they assume over those
who govern.

Forms of States
Monarchy is a form of government in which
supreme power is absolutely lodged with an
individual, who is the head of the state, often for
life or until abdication. The person who heads a
monarchy is called a monarch. Some monarchs
hold unlimited political powers while many
constitutional monarchies, such as the United
Kingdom and Thailand.

Forms of States
Totalitarianism is a political system that
strives to regulate nearly every aspect of public and
private life. It theoretically permits no individual
freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of
individual life to the authority of the state. Modern
examples of totalitarian states include the Soviet
Union under Joseph Stalin, Nazi Germany under Adolf
Hitler, the People’s Republic of China under Mao
Zedong, and North Korea under the Kim Dynasty.

Forms of States
 b. Oligarchic Government
 is a form of government in
which power effectively rests
with a small-elite segment of
society distinguished by royalty,
wealth, family, military, or
religious hegemony.

Forms of States
 b. Oligarchic Government
 An oligarchy does not have
one clear ruler, but several
powerful people who rule.
One common example is
theocracy.

Forms of States
 Theocracy is a government by divine
guidance or by official who are regarded
as divinely guided. Leaders are members
of the clergy, and the state’s legal system
is based on religious law. Contemporary
examples of theocracies include Saudi
Arabia, Iran, and the Vatican.

Forms of States
 C. Democratic Government
 is a form of government in which the right to
governs is held by the majority of citizens
within a country or a state.
 The two principles of democracy are that all
citizens have equal access to power and that
all citizens enjoy universally recognized
freedoms and liberties.

Forms of States
 People can either become country
leaders through electoral process or elect
leaders who represent the core values
and beliefs.
 There are 99 democratic nations globally.
Examples of democratic nations
are:

Forms of States
Philippines, Norway, New Zealand,
United States of America, Canada,
Columbia, Italy, and South Africa.

1.State provides security against external
aggressions and war.
For this purpose, the state maintains an
army.
2. State ensures security against internal
disturbances disorders and crimes.
For this purpose, the state maintains
police.

3. State legally grants and guarantees the rights
of the people.
4. The state issues and regulates currency and
coinage.
5. State undertakes steps for the creation of
necessary conditions for the socio-
economic-politico-cultural development of
the people.
6. State grants citizenship and protects their
interests and rights.

7. State conducts foreign relations,
foreign trade and economic relations.
8. State secures the goals of national
interest in international relations

◎ “Non-State actors”
◎ A group
of people or
organization that
60
participates in
international affairs
and relations but is
not affiliated with
any state or nation.
Non-State
Institutions

61
Non-State
Institutions
These nonstate institutions
include the following: bank and
corporations, cooperatives and
trade unions, transnational
advocacy groups, and
development agencies and
international organizations.
These nonstate institutions are
equally capable of influencing
policy formation and
implementation.

Non-State Institutions
62
◎ Banks
◎ Corporations
◎ Trade Unions
◎ Cooperatives
◎ Development Agencies
◎ Transnational Advocacy Groups

o It is a financial
institution
licensed to provide
several
63
services
types
to
of
financial
different
costumers.
Bank

65
Bank
Banks may be categorized
into major forms such as
commercial banks and
investment banks.

66
Forms of
Bank
Description
Commercial
Banks
 Financial deposit with security and
convenience which could be in the form of
credit cards, debit cards, and check
 Provide business, individual, and personal
loans, enabling commercial banks to earn
interest
 Serve as payment agents within and outside the
country through wire transfer
 Subjected to more regulations

What do you think are
the main purpose of a
bank regulation?
67

68
Investment
Banks
 Financial intermediaries that performs a varietyof
services for businesses and some government
 Issues securities to the investing public
 Make markets, facilities, mergers, and other
corporate reorganizations
 Acts as brokers for institutional clients
 Under the supervision of regulatory bodies such as
the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC), FINRA, and the US Treasury
 Subjected to fewer regulations

69
The two most well-known
financial institutions
• World Bank
• Asian Development Bank

70
Corporation
• It is a form of business
operation that declares the
business as a separate
entity guided by a group of
officers known as the Board
of Directors.

71
• They were created by
individuals, stockholders or
shareholders, with the purpose
of operating for profit. They
have all legal rights of an
individual, except for the right to
vote and certain limitations.

72
• They are given the right to exist by
the state that issues their charter.
Corporation example includes:
• General Motors Corporation an icon of American
craftsmanship, Apple Corporation as one of the famous
tech companies, Amazon Corporation founded by Jeff
Bezos is the world’s leading ecommerce and innovation
company, Domino’s Pizza is a global food chain company
delivering quality food worldwide.

73
Common Types of Corporations
 For-profit entities form most corporations,
and they are formed to generate
revenues and provide a return to their
shareholders, according to their percentage of
ownership in the corporation. Examples: HBO
in partnership with International Rescue
Committee, Ford Motors and Lynda.com.

74
 Not-for-profit entities operate under the category
of charitable organizations, which are dedicated to a
particular social cause such as educational, religious,
scientific, or research purposes. Rather than distribute
revenues to shareholders, not-for-profit organizations
use their revenues to further their objectives. Human Rights
Campaign is a very impressive example of using
Facebook profile photos to spread the word far and wide
about campaign.

75
Greenpeace the environmental non-
profit that used GPS technology to
inform the public about their cause.

76
Multinational Corporations
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are
business organization that extends
ownership, management, production, and
sales activities into several or more
countries. MNCs are boon to the economic
growth and development of the states

77
Good Effects Bad Effects
Introduce technology Offer ill-suited
technology
Encourage economic
growth
Retard economic
growth
Encourage
interdependently
Cause dependency
Elites learn to regulate Elites become
compradors
Promotes human rights Harms human rights
Protect the environment Hurt the environment

Cooperatives are people-
centers enterprises owned,
controlled and run by and for
their members to realize their
common economic, social, and
cultural needs and aspirations.
Cooperatives are businesses 81
Cooperatives

There are several common types of
co-ops, including cooperatives
owned and operated by:
a. The people working there (worker
cooperatives);
b. The people buying the co-op’s
goods or services (consumer
cooperatives)
c. The people collaborating to 82

84
Trade Unions/ Labor
Unions
Trade Unions are organizations formed by
workers from related fields that work for
common interest of its members. They help
workers in issues like fairness of pay, good
working environment, hours of work and
benefits. They represent a cluster of workers
and provide a link between the management
and workers.

85
Trade Unions/ Labor
Unions
The purpose of these unions is to look into the
grievances of wagers and present a collective voice
in front of the management. It acts as the medium
of communication between the workers and
management. Among these trade unions that exist
in the Philippines are the Federation of Free
Workers (FFW), Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) and the
Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP).

86
Functions of Trade Unions
1. Advocating for fairness and equality for
workers’ compensations
2. Securing better working conditions for
workers
3. Trade Unions will organize strikes and
demonstrations on behalf of worker demands
4. Fight for social welfare for workers
5. Promote and advocate for education
and proper training for workers
6. Advocate and fight the government for
legislative protections of the workers

87
Functions of Trade Unions
7. Promote and advocate for organizational
growth and stability
8. Trade Unions acts as representatives of
workers in national and international forums
9. Involved in collective bargaining
agreements and disputes with management to
settle any conditions on employment
10.Advising management on correct
personnel policies and procedures
11.Involved in collective and personal collective
grievances between management and workers.

90
Transnational
Advocacy Group

91
Transnational Advocacy
Group
Transnational Advocacy Groups (TAGs) play an
increasingly important role in international and regional
politics and have contributed to changing policies of
multilateral organizations and states. They are
particularly visible in contentious areas as human rights,
environmental issues, international peace, and women’s
rights. They have specific roles to partake that can be
achieved through effective measures, case-specific
methods, and activities.

92
Group
TAGs serve as international catalysts for
change, aiming to achieve international
changes towards policies and practices. The
very essence TAGS is the formation and
development of their advocacies and
campaigns that represent causes, ideas,
values, and beliefs.

93
Group
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty are
active in the human rights field. Oxfam
and Save children deal with
humanitarian issues. Greenpeace and
Friends of the Earth represent
environmental concerns.

oThese
95
progress by engaging
are agencies that promote
in projects,
policymaking, and dialogue (Contreras
et al. 2016). Some countries with active
agencies in the Philippines are Japan
(JICA),
(USAID)
.
Canada (CIDA), and
U.S.A.
Those
providing
assistance
include
the
financial
Asian
Development Bank
(ADB).
Developmental Agencies

96
Developmental Agencies
Development Agencies have been established
to develop the cooperation between the public
sector, private sector, and civil society. These are
organizations with specific aims and goals. The
common denominator among these organizations is
the term development. These agencies concentrate
on the growth, progression, and advancement
of specific concerns, which can be infrastructure or
social institutions.

Types of Development Agencies:
International Organization is an institution with
membership drawn from two or more countries. Its
activities transcend national boundaries as it facilitates
cooperation among its members in the performance of one
or more tasks. The international organization can be public
or private. A public organization is an international
government organization (IGO) with states as its members.
Prominent examples of IGOs are United Nations, the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),

International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Union
(EU), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and
World Health Organization (WHO). A private
organization has a membership of individuals or groups
and is an international nongovernment organization
(INGO) that originate for reasons other than politics such as
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol). INGOs
may lobby or work regularly with the government and
IGOs.

Non-government Organization is a non-profit group that functions
independently of any government. It serves the social or political
goals such as humanitarian and environmental causes. Most
NGOs aim to promote the practice of democracy among
societies and social change through their initiatives and
organizational methods. Many NGOs have targeted their
efforts toward population groups that tend to be
underserved by governmental programs, including women, the
aged, physically and mentally disabled persons, the poor, and
various social groups that have been marginalized by virtue of
race, religion, ethnicity, caste, and social class.

Interrelationship of Government and
Non-state Institutions
Government rules society. This reflects how powerful
government institution can be. If nonstate institutions
interfere with the governing body, two possible thing
can happen:
1. Integration among these two institutions may take
place to achieve precise solution towards
development

Interrelationship of Government and
Non-state Institutions
2. Conflict and tension may also arise because
one could exceed the other in terms of societal
control and influences (Penninx, 2013)

Reference:
Amores, M.V
., First Edition, 2020, Understanding Culture, Society,
and Politics – Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter
2 – Module 1: State and Non-state Institutions, Department of
Education – National Capital Region, Misamis St., Bago Bantay,
Quezon City.
Rodriguez, D.C., First Edition, 2020, Understanding Culture, Society
and Politics – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 –
Module 7: State and Non-state Institutions, Department of Education
– Region III, Matalino St. D. M. Government Center, Maimpis, City of
San Fernando (P).
Lazo, MP
., H.,, First Edition, 2020, AIRs-LM in Understanding Culture,
Society & Politics SHS-Module

Do you have any
questions?
Thanks!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icon by Flaticon, and infographics & images from
Freepik
Please keep this slide for attribution

State and Non State Institutions.powerpointtx

More Related Content

Similar to State and Non State Institutions.powerpointtx

More from CristineJoyManipon

Recently uploaded

State and Non State Institutions.powerpointtx