Stanley Yip - Low Carbon Cities in China: from Policies to Economics
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1) The document discusses challenges facing Chinese cities related to rapid urbanization and economic growth, including increased energy consumption, private car ownership, and CO2 emissions between 1985-2005. 2) It outlines China's national policies to promote low carbon development, including targets in the 11th and 12th Five Year Plans to reduce carbon intensity and increase renewable energy and forest coverage. 3) Examples are given of low carbon planning projects in China, including eco-cities, and the role of connectivity and ICT in enabling emission reductions through smart logistics, buildings, grids and industrial processes.
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Stanley Yip - Low Carbon Cities in China: from Policies to Economics
- 1. Low Carbon Cities in China: From Policies to Economics Stanley Yip Director, Planning & Development Arup China SUPPORTED BY:
- 3. Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities 24% China’s urbanization in 1985 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED 43% China’s urbanization in 2006 3
- 4. Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities 250,000 China’s private car number in 1985 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED 17 million China’s private car number in 2005 4
- 5. Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities 2 billion sq. m. Total annual new construction area in China( nearly half of the total amount of the world ) 5 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
- 6. Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities 3.6 Oil consumption times 4.3 times Electricity consumption 2.2 CO2 emission times The growth of energy consumption between 1985-2005 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED 6
- 7. Policy Framework for Low Carbon Cities in China 8
- 8. China’s 11th Five Year Plan (2005 to 2010) Unit GDP energy consumption to be reduced by 20% from 2005 to 2010 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED 9
- 9. 22 September 2009 Energy efficiency United Nations Climate 1 Significant reduction of Unite GDP CO2 emission intensity from 2005 to Change Summit 2020 2 Renewable Energy Non-fossil energy contributes 15% of primary energy supply by 2020 3 Carbon Sink and Reforestation Increase of 40 million ha of forest coverage from 2005 to 2020 4 Green Economy Promote low carbon green economy, 10 technological research and development. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
- 10. 25 November 2009 • From 2005 to 2020 China State Council Decisions reduction of unit GDP CO2 emission intensity by 40% to 45% • The target will be included as mandatory targets for mid to long term socio-economic planning. Set up statistics, monitoring and assessment systems. • By 2020, non-fossil fuel will contribute 15% of energy supply • Increase of 40 million ha of forest coverage from 2005 to 2020 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED 11
- 11. China’s Response: Low Carbon Eco-cities 12
- 12. ÉϺ£¶«Ì²Éú̬³Ç 13 Dongtan Eco-City, China
- 13. Tianjin Eco-City Ìì½òÉú̬³Ç 14
- 14. Recent Low Carbon Planning Projects in China Harbin Changchun Beijing Tangshan Langfang Tianjin Zhengzhou Qingdao Wuxi Chongqing Wuhan Shanghai Changsha Shenzhen 17 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
- 15. Low Carbon Eco-cities: Connectivity 18
- 16. ICT Total Global Impacts : 7.8 GtCO2e per year , 15% from BAU (in 2020*) Industry Direct Impacts Level 1: (PC.s, infrastructure, data centre) Level 2: Impacts on Economic Sector Activities Level 3: De-materialization *(Source: The Climate Group 2008)
- 17. Impact on Economic Processes: Reduction of 5.2 GtCO2e per year Smart logistics: 1.52 GtCO2e Smart buildings: 1.68 GtCO2e Smart grids: 2.03 GtCO2e Smart industrial processes: 0.97 GtCO2e (Source: The Climate Group 2008) 20
- 18. The impact of De-materialization: Reduction of 460 MtCO2e/year Online media: 20 MtCO2e/year E-commerce: 30 MtCO2e/year E-paper: 70 MtCO2e/year Video-conferencing: 80 MtCO2e/year Tele-commuting: 260 MtCO2e/year (Source: The Climate Group 2008) 21
- 19. Planning for a Connected City: Key Players in Urban Development Process • Local City Government • Land Development Company • Building Developers • Users and Consumers • Industry: ISP, telecom 22
- 20. Urban Development Process Master Land Use Plan ×ÜÌå¹æ»® Regulatory Zoning Plans ¿Ø¹æ Site PlanÐÞ¹æ Building Plan ½¨Öþ·½°¸ Connectivity 23
- 21. Enabling the market… • Policy Making: City-wide ‘Carbon Emission’ Accounting; Connectivity Target • Infrastructure: Communication infrastructure development as part of land development process • Planning Permission: Site/building connectivity facilities and access to households • Market : Tele-commuting, E-business and E- commerce, etc 24 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
- 22. Thank you ! Stanley Yip, Director (Planning & Development) Ove Arup & Partners Stanley.yip@arup.com . . . shaping a better world