The document provides an overview of the global carbon market, including:
- The structure of the carbon market, which includes compliance markets regulated by the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. CDM, CERs) and voluntary markets.
- Key facts about the size of the carbon market, which grew from $10.8 billion in 2005 to a projected $92 billion in 2008, with the CDM market growing from $2.6 billion to a projected $22 billion.
- Current trends showing increasing volume and price of carbon credits like CERs as the market expands to meet emission reduction goals.
This webinar will review the various mechanisms agreed in the Kyoto Protocol with a particular focus on Clean Development Mechanism. The value at each stage of the CDM project will be explained, and market prices for carbon credits will be analysed.
In order to illustrate this type of project, real case studies carried out by Deuman will be discussed. Voluntary carbon credits will also be analysed.
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar-carbon-market-and-cdm-projects
A broad overview of the clean development mechanism (CDM) including information on the Kyoto Protocol, its mechanisms, the CDM support structure, CDM project types, the CDM project cycle and current statistics. Delievered January 2013
Market Based Mechanism in Indonesia, a Joint Crediting Mechanism Case StudyDicky Edwin Hindarto
Joint Crediting Mechanism or JCM is a bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Japan in low carbon development implementation.
This scheme was initiated 4 years ago and up to now were being implemented in 30 (thirty) projects in Indonesia with total investment more than 150 million USD. This JCM scheme was categorized as market based mechanism that hopefully will play significant role in achieving Indonesia target in climate change mitigation.
Unveiling the Potential of Market Based Mechanism Implementation in IndonesiaDicky Edwin Hindarto
The market based mechanism will play significant role in the implementation of Paris Agreement. This presentation try to explore the potential of the market based implementation in Indonesia with Thailand and Chile as case studies.
The role of CCS/CCUS in the Climate Action Plan - Dr S. Julio FriedmannGlobal CCS Institute
The role of CCS/CCUS in the Climate Action Plan
Global CCS Institute, delivered at the Global CCS Institute's Third Americas Forum
Feb. 27th, 2014, Washington, DC
Climate change has become one of the highest preoccupations of the post-industrial period. Mitigation of climate change, by reduction of greenhouse gases ("GHG") emissions and stabilisation of the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere has entered the agenda of most government policies. The Kyoto protocol aims to encourage this trend through allocation of a credit system. Carbon investments funds are a key player when implementing such system in green developments.
Gas Arabia Summit: Unconventional Gas Developments in the GulfEnergy Intelligence
Rana Samaha, Middle East R&A Director at Energy Intelligence, presented at the 10th Gas Arabia Summit, Dubai, January 13, 2015.
These slides include content on:
1.) US Shale gas developments: Key success factors
2.) GCC gas imbalances; role of unconventional gas developments
3.) GCC NOC's different approaches; Saudi Aramco's mandate
This webinar will review the various mechanisms agreed in the Kyoto Protocol with a particular focus on Clean Development Mechanism. The value at each stage of the CDM project will be explained, and market prices for carbon credits will be analysed.
In order to illustrate this type of project, real case studies carried out by Deuman will be discussed. Voluntary carbon credits will also be analysed.
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar-carbon-market-and-cdm-projects
A broad overview of the clean development mechanism (CDM) including information on the Kyoto Protocol, its mechanisms, the CDM support structure, CDM project types, the CDM project cycle and current statistics. Delievered January 2013
Market Based Mechanism in Indonesia, a Joint Crediting Mechanism Case StudyDicky Edwin Hindarto
Joint Crediting Mechanism or JCM is a bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Japan in low carbon development implementation.
This scheme was initiated 4 years ago and up to now were being implemented in 30 (thirty) projects in Indonesia with total investment more than 150 million USD. This JCM scheme was categorized as market based mechanism that hopefully will play significant role in achieving Indonesia target in climate change mitigation.
Unveiling the Potential of Market Based Mechanism Implementation in IndonesiaDicky Edwin Hindarto
The market based mechanism will play significant role in the implementation of Paris Agreement. This presentation try to explore the potential of the market based implementation in Indonesia with Thailand and Chile as case studies.
The role of CCS/CCUS in the Climate Action Plan - Dr S. Julio FriedmannGlobal CCS Institute
The role of CCS/CCUS in the Climate Action Plan
Global CCS Institute, delivered at the Global CCS Institute's Third Americas Forum
Feb. 27th, 2014, Washington, DC
Climate change has become one of the highest preoccupations of the post-industrial period. Mitigation of climate change, by reduction of greenhouse gases ("GHG") emissions and stabilisation of the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere has entered the agenda of most government policies. The Kyoto protocol aims to encourage this trend through allocation of a credit system. Carbon investments funds are a key player when implementing such system in green developments.
Gas Arabia Summit: Unconventional Gas Developments in the GulfEnergy Intelligence
Rana Samaha, Middle East R&A Director at Energy Intelligence, presented at the 10th Gas Arabia Summit, Dubai, January 13, 2015.
These slides include content on:
1.) US Shale gas developments: Key success factors
2.) GCC gas imbalances; role of unconventional gas developments
3.) GCC NOC's different approaches; Saudi Aramco's mandate
Development of India's Carbon Credit Market.pptxmsounak95
Provides an overview of the development of Carbon Markets since Kyoto Protocol with a special focus on the compliance markets. It also explores the various global ETS instruments currently operational and its impact on the economy and corporates. It also examines the regulatory development of India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme and provides critical analysis of various provisions.
Carbon markets 101 introduces the market mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol and related initiatives. It helps executives and managers understand emerging business issues around carbon trading, emission reduction projects and carbon monitoring.
Emissions Trading Media Briefing February 2009David Hone
An overview of emissions trading (cap-and-trade), how it works and a focus on allocation of allowances. This presentation was given by Shell to a group of London media representatives on February 18th 2009.
Green hydrogen trade from North Africa to Europe: optional long-term scenario...IEA-ETSAP
Green hydrogen trade from North Africa to Europe: optional long-term scenarios with the JRC-EU-TIMES model
Ms. Maria Cristina Pinto, RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Italy
Ms. Maria Cristina Pinto, RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Italy
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
2. Presentation Outline
1. What is Carbon Financing?
2. Structure of Global Carbon Market
3. Carbon Market Relevant for Bangladesh
4. How Big is the Global Carbon Market?
5. Current Trends in the Carbon Market
web: www.wasteconcern.org
3. What is Carbon Financing?
Carbon financing can be defined as financial resources provided to
projects generating (or expected to generate) green house gas emission
reductions in the form of the purchase of such emission reductions.
In simple term, carbon finance is a purchase contracts whereby one
party pays another party in exchange for a given quantity of Green House
Gas (GHG) emission reductions.
Payment made in different Payment made in different f oforrmmss t oto a abbaatete G GHHGG
web: www.wasteconcern.org
EQUITY
DEBT/
SOFT LOAN
IN KIND
CONTRIBUTION FOR
TECHNOLOGIES
CASH
4. Global Warming Potential (GWP) of Key GHG
Green House Gas Global Warming Potential
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) 1
Methane (CH4) 21
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 310
HFC’s 140-11,700
Perflorocarbons (PFC’s) 7,000-9,200
Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) 23,900
web: www.wasteconcern.org
5. Industrialized
country
Emission
reduction
credits)
investment $$
Project Reducing
GHG emissions in
developing country
web: www.wasteconcern.org
6. Structure of the Global Carbon Market
GGlloobbaall CCAARRBBOONN mmaarrkkeett
Compliance Markets
KKyyoottoo
MMaarrkkeettss
New South Wales
GHG Abatement
Scheme
EU ETS
Chicago
Climate
Exchange
UK
ETS
CDM ->
CERs
JI ->
ERUs
AAUs
+
RMUs
Voluntary
Markets
EUAs NGACs CCLAs VERs
7. Carbon Market
CCoommpplilaiannccee M Maarrkkeett VVoolulunntatarryy M Maarrkkeett
CER VER
Compliance markets generate and trade green
house gas emission reductions known as
Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) that are
regulated and directly initiated under the Kyoto
Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM).
Voluntary markets generate and trade
greenhouse gas emission reductions that are
not regulated or directly initiated by the Kyoto
Protocol and known as Verified Emission
Reductions or (VERs).
Certified Emission Reduction (CERs): Green
house gas reduction of any CDM project is
measured according to internationally agreed
methods and are quantified in standard units called
Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). These are
expressed in tons of carbon dioxide (CO2)
equivalents.
Verified Emission Reduction (VERs): Green
house gas reduction outside Kyoto Protocol is
measured according to internationally agreed
methods and are quantified in standard units called
Verified Emission Reductions (VERs). These are
also expressed in tons of carbon dioxide (CO2)
equivalents.
8. Investment Opportunity from
CDM/VER
0 50 100 150 200
Investment can
be obatined from
CDM
Investment can
be obatined from
CDM
Project Cost
Investment can be obatined from
CDM
Investment can be obatined from
CDM
Project Cost
maximum
minimum
9. Carbon Market at a Glance 2005-2007 and projected 2008
Annual Volumes and Values of Transactions
Type 2005 2006 2007 2008 (Projected)
Volume
(MTCo2e)
Value
(M US$)
Volume
(MT Co2e)
Value
(M US$)
Volume
(MT Co2e)
Value
(MUS$)
Volume
(MT Co2e)
Value
(MUS$)
Allowances
EU-ETS
New South
Wales
CCX
Uk-ETS
328 7971 1131 24620 2690 43000 3000 70,000
CDM
JI
Others
382 2894 508 5477 947 17000 1200 22,000
Total 710 10,864 1639 30,098 3637 60,000 4200 92,000
CDM 351 2638 475 5257 947 17000 1200 22000
Source: 2005-2006 World Bank and IETA; 2007 and 2008 Point Carbon (Press Release Feb 26, 2008)
10. Carbon Market at a Glance 2005-2007 and Projected 2008
100
Billion US $
10.864
2.638
30.098
5.257
60
17
92
22
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2005 2006 2007 2008
Total Market
CDM Market
Source: 2005-2006 World Bank and IETA, May 2007 and 2008 Point Carbon (Press Relaese Feb 26, 2008)
11. Overview of the CDM market
• CDM has the largest CO2 project based offset system in the world
– 979 registered projects by April 1 2008
– Approx. additional 2021 projects in pipeline
– 49 countries
– 134,993,328 CERs issued (certified emission reductions)
– 2.7 billion CERs expected to end of 2012
• CDM has a legal basis in the Kyoto Protocol
– Run by Executive Board (EB) answerable to KP Parties
– EB back-stopped by UNFCCC secretariat with support for:
• Registration and issuance
• Accreditation of third-party validators
• Methodologies for emissions baseline setting and monitoring
12. Overview of the CDM market
Projects/
940
of 750
No. 471 530
183
39
Registered project activities Projects in the pipelines Projected CERs 1600
685
1900
2021
979
2700
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Dec-2005
(COP/MOP1)
May-06 May-07 Feb-08
CERs before 2012 (million)
13. Overview of the CDM market
Map and statistics accessible at http://cdm.unfccc.int/
16. Overview of the CDM market
Overview of the CDM market
Bangladesh 0.2%
17. Registered CDM projects all over the World
Sectoral Scope
Registered
Projects
1 Energy Industries (renewable -/ non-renewable sources) 650
2 Energy distribution 0
3 Energy demand 16
4 Manufacturing industries 69
5 Chemical Industries 23
6 Construction 0
7 Transport 2
8 Mining / mineral production 7
9 Metal production 1
10 Fugitive emissions from fuels (solid, oil and gas) 98
11 Fugitive emissions from production & consumption of halocarbons &
sulphur hexafluoride 16
12 Solvent use 0
13 Waste handling and disposal 256
14 Afforestation & reforestation 1
15 Agriculture 83
www.wasteconcern.org
19. carbon trading
Present Price of CERs and VERs (Carbon Credits)
Both the CERs and VERs are represented in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).
The present price (As of 1 April, 2008):
CERs : US $ 18.50-23/ton
VERs : US $ 7 to US $ 10/ ton
Crediting Period for CERs and VERs
Emission reductions can be claimed for maximum ten years, without revision of the
project baseline,
or
for a period of seven years with two extensions of seven year each, provided the project
baseline is revised at the time of each extension.
20. Carbon Market at a Glance 2005-2007 and Projected 2008
4200
3637
1639
710
$11.00
$7.50
$17.80 $18.50
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2005 2006 2007 2008
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Volume (MT Co2e) Price of CER
Source: 2005-2006 World Bank and IETA, May 2007 and 2008 Point Carbon (Press Relaese Feb 26, 2008)
21. Price drivers – Evolution of the CER Price (secondary market, in EUR)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Mar-07
Mar-07
Apr-07
Apr-07
May-07
May-07
Jun-07
Jun-07
Jun-07
Jul-07
Jul-07
Aug-07
Aug-07
Sep-07
Sep-07
Oct-07
Oct-07
Nov-07
Nov-07
Nov-07
Dec-07
Dec-07
Jan-08
Jan-08
Feb-08
Source: Reuters – TFS Energy
Overview of the CDM market
22. CURRENT TRENDS IN THE CARBON MARKET
• CDM experienced a strong growth (from US $ 5 b to 17b)
throughout 2007.
• With increase in the volume of emission reduction, price
of carbon credits ( CERs and VERs) is also increasing ( $
7.5 in 2005 to $ 23 in 2008).
• CERs have consolidated as a reliable carbon asset class.
• Increasing interest in CERs for voluntary offsetting
purposes may constitute another price driver in the future.
• Voluntary GHG market has also seen strong
performance based on:
National/regional/domestic initiatives
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues
23. Country wise Number of CDM projects
Country Number of Projects
Sri Lanka 4
Thailand 5
Tunisia 2
Uganda 1
United Republic of Tanzania 1
Uruguay 1
Viet Nam 2
www.wasteconcern.org
24. • Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) – Each Annex I Party that ratifies the Kyoto Protocol has
a GHG emissions limitation commitment for 2008-2012, which is its "assigned amount." If
a country's emissions are lower than that amount, it may sell the unused units.
• Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) - These are credits issued for emission
reductions achieved by a project under the CDM. CERs can be used by an Annex I Party
to help meet its emissions limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol. The credits
issued for sink enhancements achieved by afforestation or reforestation projects under the
CDM are either temporary CERs (tCERs), or long-term CERs (ICERs) that are subject to
provisions to protect against possible reversals of the sink enhancements.
• Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) - These are credits issued for emission reductions or
removals achieved by a project under the JI mechanism as defined in Article 6 of the
Kyoto Protocol. ERUs can be used by an Annex I Party to help meet its emissions
limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol. Each ERU equals 1 tonne of carbon
dioxide equivalent (CO2 e).
• Removal Units (RMUs) - These are credits issued for net sink enhancements achieved by
eligible activities under Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol. RMUs can be used by
an Annex I Party to help meet its commitment under the Kyoto Protocol. Each RMU equals
1 metric tonne ofCO2e.
25. Country wise Number of CDM projects
Country Number of Projects
Argentina 10
Armenia 3
Bangladesh 2
Bhutan 1
Bolivia 2
Brazil 113
Cambodia 1
Chile 21
China 139
Colombia 6
Costa Rica 5
Cuba 1
Cyprus 2
Dominican Republic 1
Ecuador 9
Egypt 3
El Salvador 4
Fiji 1
Georgia 1
Guatemala 5
Honduras 12
India 296
www.wasteconcern.org
26. Country wise Number of CDM projects
Country Number of Projects
Indonesia 11
Israel 7
Jamaica 1
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1
Malaysia 21
Mexico 99
Mongolia 3
Morocco 3
Nepal 2
Nicaragua 3
Nigeria 1
Pakistan 1
Panama 5
Papua New Guinea 1
Peru 8
Philippines 14
Qatar 1
Republic of Korea 16
Republic of Moldova 3
South Africa 12
www.wasteconcern.org