There are four stages of learning a new skill: 1) unconscious incompetence, where one does not realize they lack skill or knowledge; 2) conscious incompetence, where one realizes their lack of ability; 3) conscious competence, where one can perform the skill with concentration; and 4) unconscious competence, where the skill becomes second nature and can be performed without conscious effort. Going through these stages, one's confidence increases as their skill and ability improves. The final stage of unconscious competence signifies true mastery, where the skill becomes habitual.