ম্যাক্স ওয়েবার (১৮৬৪ ১৯২০)
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পুঁজিবাদের উন্মেষে ওয়েবারীয় ব্যাখ্যা অথবা, ধর্ম ও সামাজিক পরিবর্তন সম্পর্কীয় ম্যাক্স ওয়েবারের ধারণা।
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ম্যাক্স ওয়েবার (১৮৬৪ ১৯২০)
- 1. ম্যাক্স ওয়েবার (১৮৬৪-১৯২০) পুঁজিবাদের উদেদে ওদেবারীে বযাখ্যা অথবা, ধর্ম ও সার্াজিক পজরবর্ম ন সম্পকীে র্যাক্স ওদেবাদরর ধারণা।
- 2. কার্ম র্াক্সম পুঁজিবাদের করদন প্রাদেষ্ট্যান্ট ধদর্মর উদেদের কথা বদর্দেন র্ার জবপরীদর্ র্যাক্স ওদেবার প্রাদেষ্ট্যান্ট ধদর্মর কারদন পুঁজিবাদের উদেদের কথা বদর্দেন। ওদেবার েখ্াদর্ প্েদেদেনCavinism “প্পশা” এবং “কর্ম” প্ক একটি পজবত্র জিষ্ট্রীে কর্ম বয বদর্ রোর কদর পাশ্চাদর্য ধনর্ন্ত্র বা পুঁজিবাে জবকাদশর পথদক রশস্ত কদরদে। র্যাক্স ওদেবাদরর র্ূর্ বBটি েযার্কে পারসন্স “The Protestant Ethics and the Sprit of Capitalism” নাদর্ Bপ্রজিদর্ অনবাে কদর। এটি ১৯০৪-১৯০৫ সাদর্ “Archiv fur sozical wissenschaft und sozial politik” নার্ক সার্জেকীদর্ রকাজশর্ হে।
- 3. ওদেবার েখ্ন “পুঁজিবাে” শব্দটি বযবহার কদরদেন র্খ্ন র্াদক qualify কদরদেন Ideal type জহসাদব। র্ৎকার্ীন সর্দে Bউদরাদপ প্ে পুঁজিবাে জবকজশর্ হে র্াদক জর্জন প্েৌজিক পুঁজিবাে বদর্ আখ্যাজের্ কদরন। প্েৌজিক পুঁজিবাদের জর্জন কর্কগুদর্া ববজশদষ্ট্যর কথা বদর্দেন - • বযজিগর্ সম্পজির েজিজসদ্ধ বযবহার • জবজ্ঞানজিজিক রজিোে সংগঠির্ আজথমক জবজনদোগ বযবস্থা • বািাদরর িনয উৎপােন • অদথমর িনয উৎপােন • িনসাধারদণর িনয উৎপােন • প্পশা ও কদর্মর রজর্ শ্রদ্ধা িজি ও গিীর র্দনাদোগ
- 4. The Protestant Ethics and the Sprit of Capitalism এB বB টিদর্ জর্জন প্েজখ্দেদেন প্রাদেস্ট্যন্ট ধদর্মর এর্ন জকে আেশম রদেদে ো ধনর্ন্ত্র জবকাদশ সহাের্া কদরজের্। এদেদত্র জর্জন প্রাদেস্ট্যন্ট ধদর্মর বনজর্ক জবধাদনর উপর গুরুত্ব প্েন। এ রসদে র্ার জেন্তার উপর গিীর রিাব প্েদর্ প্বঞ্জাজর্ন ফ্াংকজর্ন। Benjamin franklin ওদেবার Protestant আদদার্ন সম্পদকম জনদনাি েজি রোন কদরন- • বযজি ধদর্মর িনয নে বরং ধর্ম বযজির িনয। • র্ানদের প্ের্নাদক িাগজর্কর্াে আকৃ ষ্ট্ করা। ের্শ্রুজর্দর্ র্ানে আে প্থদক িজবেযদর্র িনয সঞ্চে করদর্ প্শদখ্ ো Bউদরাদপর র্ানদের র্ূর্যদবাদধ বযাপক পজরবর্ম ন জনদে আদস।
- 5. Calvinism and the Sprit of Capitalism • Calvinism • Methodism • Pietisms • Baptism ওদেবার প্রাদেস্ট্যান্ট ধদর্মর ৪টি শাখ্ার কথা উদেখ্ কদরদেন- আেশম নর্না জহসাদব জর্জন Calvinism প্ক গ্রহন কদরদেন। Calvinism এর িনক িন কযার্জিন (১৫০৯)। Calvinism প্থদক প্ে এর িে হে র্া Protestanism এ রূপ র্াি কদর এবং র্া প্থদকB সৃজষ্ট্ হে প্েৌজিক পুঁজিবাে। প্েৌজিক পুঁজিবাে জবকদশ Calvinism এর কর্কগুদর্া ববজশষ্ট্ র্েযনীে- 1. Salvation (উদ্ধার হওো) 2. Predestination (অদৃষ্ট্বাে) 3. The Calling (আহ্বান করা) John Calvin
- 6. ওদেবার কযার্জিনবাদের কর্কগুদর্া ববজশদষ্ট্যর কথা বদর্দেন ো পুঁজিবাে জবকাশ কদর- • ঈশ্বর জনগুঢ় ও ের্র্াশীর্ • র্ানদের িাগয পূবম জনধমাজরর্ • প্র্াের্াদির পদথ প্কউ বাধা হদর্ পাদর না • ঈশ্বর কাদির িনয র্ানেদক সৃজষ্ট্ কদরদেন • রদর্দক ঈশ্বদরর কৃ পা র্াি করদর্ পাদর
- 7. ওদেবার র্দন কদরন কযার্জিনবাে আধজনক Bউদরাপীে সর্াদি ৪টি পজরবর্ম ন সূজের্ কদর, ো পুঁজিবাে জবকাদশ গুরুত্বপূনম িূ জর্কা পার্ন কদর। 1. প্র্ৌজককর্া র্পশ্চেমা 2. িূ বনবীর্ র্গ্ধর্া 3. বযজি স্বার্ন্ত্রর্া, আত্ম সদের্নর্া এবং িাগজর্কর্া 4. সাবমিনীন সম্প্রোে
- 8. Religion and capitalism in China and india ওদেবার অথমননজর্ক কর্মকাদের উপর অনযানয ধদর্মর রিাবও পেমদবেণ কদরদেন। প্ের্ন- • Bজেো এবং োেনা র্খ্ন Bউদরাদপর র্র্নাে সর্ৃদ্ধ থাকদর্ও প্সখ্াদন পুঁজিবাে জবকজশর্ হেজন প্কননা র্াদের ধর্ীে জবশ্বাসগুদর্া কযার্জিনবাদের র্র্ জের্না।
- 9. সর্াদর্ােনা : ট্রেভার ট্ররাপার : ধর্ম নে বরং হুজে বযবসােীদের হাদর্ পুঁজিবাদের জবকাশ হে। R.H. Towney: জরেরদশশদনর পূদবমও পুঁজিবাদের অজস্তত্ব জের্। Albert Hyma: কযার্জিনবাে প্েখ্াদন সবদেদে শজিশার্ী জের্ ধনর্ন্ত্র প্সখ্াদন কর্ জবকজশর্ জের্। প্ের্ন- ডাে জরপাবজর্ক। C.T. Morris & I. Adehnan: সার্াজিক অথমননজর্ক উন্নেদনর সাদথ ধদর্মর প্কান রর্যেয সম্পকম প্নB। Jhonson: “The final objection of Weber's theories is would be most crushing, it were true, the argument is that......................... Capitalism flourish before calvin.