Демографическая политика германии
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Демографическая политика — это целенаправленная деятельность государственных органов и иных социальных институтов в сфере регулирования воспроизводства населения, призванная сохранить или изменить тенденции динамики его численности и структуры. Иными словами, это политика, воздействующая на процессы рождаемости, брачности, разводимости, смертности, на возрастную структуру населения.
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Демографическая политика германии
- 1. ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ГЕРМАНИИ Учитель географии МОУ СОШ № 101 г.Краснодара Слабко Елена Асхатовна
- 2. Демографическая политика — это целенаправленная деятельность государственных органов и иных социальных институтов в сфере регулирования воспроизводства населения, призванная сохранить или изменить тенденции динамики его численности и структуры. Иными словами, это политика, воздействующая на процессы рождаемости, брачности, разводимости, смертности, на возрастную структуру населения.
- 3. В настоящее время в Германии отличается низкий уровень рождаемости, не обеспечивающий смену поколений. Снижение рождаемости в Германии в 1978г. достигло уровня, никогда ранее не отмечавшегося ни в одной стране мира (9,4 родившихся на 1000 человек). Германия, как и другие европейские страны, поощряет рождаемость. Но в 1974г. немецкое правительство официально разрешило аборты в первые три месяца беременности.
- 4. На сегодняшний момент в Германии работает разветвленная система поощрений для улучшения демографической ситуации. Данную систему можно разделить на три раздела: - Надбавки и пособия семьям - Пособия при рождении ребёнка - Льготы на жилье.
- 5. В стремлении не допустить демографического и экономического упадка Германии правительство проводит определённый курс демографического развития. Так например, с 1 января 2007 года была введена выплата детского пособия, направленного на стимулирование рождаемости. В течение года после рождения ребёнка его родители будут получать государственное пособие в размере 67 % от прежней зарплаты, но не более 1800 евро в месяц. Если отец решится минимум на 2 месяца оставить свою работу, чтобы подменить мать в уходе за ребёнком, семья получит право на дополнительное двухмесячное пособие. Матери и отцы- одиночки (которых сейчас насчитывается порядка 2,4 млн человек) будут автоматически получать свои значительно увеличенные пособия в течение 14 месяцев.
- 6. Превышение смертности над рождаемостью является центральным вопросом демографической политики в Германии. Это вопрос нужно решать, пересмотрев социально-экономическую ситуацию в стране. Он становится актуальным для ряда стран, и это может иметь весьма неблагоприятные последствия.
- 7. Кроме того, важным демографическим фактором, компенсирующим низкую рождаемость в стране, остаётся значительный приток иммигрантов. Однако дальнейший рост иммиграции способен вызвать рост социальной напряжённости в стране.
- 8. Спасибо за внимание!