كيفية حجب المواقع الإباحية عن الأجهزة الخلوية How to ban adult contents on mo...Mohammad Ihmeidan
This document provides instructions for blocking adult content on Android mobile phones by modifying the device's DNS settings. The steps are:
1. Access the WiFi settings menu from the home screen.
2. Long press on the connected network and select "Modify Network".
3. Change the IP settings from DHCP to Static, then edit the DNS 1 and DNS 2 options to specified addresses that will filter adult content.
This document contains 77 slides describing various pathologies of the kidney and urinary tract seen on light microscopy, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and gross pathology. The slides include examples of glomerular diseases like membranous glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as cystic kidney diseases, renal tumors, infections, vascular diseases, and examples of normal anatomy for comparison. Images of histological slides are accompanied by descriptive captions and diagrams to illustrate key features of each pathology.
This document lists and describes various facial features and appearances associated with different medical conditions. It includes adenoid face seen with nasal obstruction, ashen gray face seen with myocardial infarction, bird face seen with Pierre Robin syndrome, chipmunk face seen with untreated thalassemia major or bulimia nervosa, and facies mitrale seen with multiple sclerosis. Other facial appearances described are frog-like face, gargoyle face, hippocratic face, leonine face, mask-like face, meflat faces, moon face, mouse faces, potter faces, snarling faces, and torpid faces which are seen in conditions such as ethmoidal polyps, Hurler's syndrome, leprosy
This document provides pediatric milestones and growth metrics in a mnemonic format. It notes that a baby's weight doubles at 4 months, height doubles at 4 years. At the end of the first year, weight increases by 6kg, head circumference by 12cm, and height by 24cm. At the end of the second year, weight increases by 2kg and head circumference by 2cm. Language milestones include 15 words at 1.5 years, 20 words at 20 months, and counting 3 numbers at 3 years. Motor milestones are provided for ages 3-5 years.
كيفية حجب المواقع الإباحية عن الأجهزة الخلوية How to ban adult contents on mo...Mohammad Ihmeidan
This document provides instructions for blocking adult content on Android mobile phones by modifying the device's DNS settings. The steps are:
1. Access the WiFi settings menu from the home screen.
2. Long press on the connected network and select "Modify Network".
3. Change the IP settings from DHCP to Static, then edit the DNS 1 and DNS 2 options to specified addresses that will filter adult content.
This document contains 77 slides describing various pathologies of the kidney and urinary tract seen on light microscopy, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and gross pathology. The slides include examples of glomerular diseases like membranous glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as cystic kidney diseases, renal tumors, infections, vascular diseases, and examples of normal anatomy for comparison. Images of histological slides are accompanied by descriptive captions and diagrams to illustrate key features of each pathology.
This document lists and describes various facial features and appearances associated with different medical conditions. It includes adenoid face seen with nasal obstruction, ashen gray face seen with myocardial infarction, bird face seen with Pierre Robin syndrome, chipmunk face seen with untreated thalassemia major or bulimia nervosa, and facies mitrale seen with multiple sclerosis. Other facial appearances described are frog-like face, gargoyle face, hippocratic face, leonine face, mask-like face, meflat faces, moon face, mouse faces, potter faces, snarling faces, and torpid faces which are seen in conditions such as ethmoidal polyps, Hurler's syndrome, leprosy
This document provides pediatric milestones and growth metrics in a mnemonic format. It notes that a baby's weight doubles at 4 months, height doubles at 4 years. At the end of the first year, weight increases by 6kg, head circumference by 12cm, and height by 24cm. At the end of the second year, weight increases by 2kg and head circumference by 2cm. Language milestones include 15 words at 1.5 years, 20 words at 20 months, and counting 3 numbers at 3 years. Motor milestones are provided for ages 3-5 years.
Schwartz's principles of surgery absite and board review linkMohammad Ihmeidan
This book provides a comprehensive review of general surgery and surgical subspecialties for residents preparing for the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination and board certification. It covers the key topics in surgery in an outline format designed to test surgical knowledge and clinical decision making. The content is based on Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, a well-known textbook, and includes over 1,000 multiple choice questions to help surgical residents study for exams.
This document provides an overview of electrocardiography and the interpretation of electrocardiograms. It discusses the anatomy and electrical conduction system of the heart and defines the key components of the ECG including the P wave, QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave. It explains how ECGs are used to diagnose cardiac rhythm disorders, coronary artery disease, and other heart conditions. The document emphasizes that the ECG should be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical presentation and history.
This document discusses several types of male genital tract pathologies including seminoma, classic seminoma, embryonal carcinoma characterized by hemorrhage, yolk sac tumor containing Schiller-Duvall bodies, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma.
Radiological signs provide important diagnostic information for physicians. X-rays and other imaging tests allow doctors to see inside the body and examine bones, organs, and other tissues for abnormalities. Certain findings on scans and images can help confirm or rule out medical conditions and guide treatment decisions.
This document summarizes microbiology testing procedures for urine and genital samples. It describes how to culture urine samples to test for urinary tract infections and the most common bacteria seen, including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. It also explains how to culture samples to test for fungal infections like Candida species, and describes methods to differentiate bacterial and fungal species using specialized agars that cause color changes or morphological changes under microscopy. The document aims to provide an overview of basic microbiology laboratory procedures for identifying pathogens from urine and genital samples.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses several key concepts in demography and health, including:
1) It introduces population dynamics and the three factors that determine population change: births, deaths, and migration.
2) It discusses measures of fertility such as the crude birth rate, general fertility rate, and total fertility rate, and explains how to calculate these rates.
3) It introduces several measures of mortality like the crude death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality ratio, and provides examples of rates in different countries.
The document discusses different aspects of electrocardiography (ECG) including ECG leads, limb leads, chest leads, timing measurements, and calculations. It explains that ECG leads allow viewing the heart from different angles and each lead has a positive and negative pole. Limb leads measure electrical activity in the vertical plane while chest leads measure activity in the horizontal plane. Timing measurements include heart rate, P wave, PR interval, QRS duration, ST segment, and T wave. Calculations can determine cardiac axis and identify conditions like right axis deviation or left axis deviation.
Routine screening for inborn errors of metabolism in children with global developmental delay has a low yield of about 1% but may increase to 5% in certain situations or 14% with stepwise screening. Cytogenetic studies have a yield of 3.7% for identifying abnormalities. Fragile X testing has a yield of 2.6% overall but is higher in males. Rett syndrome should be considered in females with unexplained moderate to severe delays, though evidence for testing in milder or male cases is limited. Subtelomeric rearrangement testing has a 6.6% yield in children with unexplained moderate to severe delays. Lead and thyroid screening may be considered for targeted populations.
This document provides a summary of key findings that may be seen on chest x-rays. It begins with examples of normal chest x-rays and describes the basic knowledge needed to interpret x-rays. It then discusses specific lung diseases and findings, including pleural diseases, pneumothorax, tuberculosis, pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, COPD, sarcoidosis, and pericardial effusion. Each section provides examples of chest x-rays demonstrating the relevant findings. The document is intended as a study aid for medical exams.
The kidneys filter waste from the bloodstream and regulate water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. They remove urea and other waste through urine while producing hormones like erythropoietin and renin. The kidneys contain nephrons which filter blood in the glomerulus and reabsorb nutrients in the tubules. Urine is transported by the ureters to the bladder, then exits through the urethra. The urinary system develops from intermediate mesoderm through pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros stages, with the metanephros becoming the adult kidneys.
This document discusses multiparametric MRI and its use in guiding prostate biopsies. It provides information on anatomic, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and how they help visualize prostate tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. It then describes different approaches to targeted prostate biopsies using MRI information, including cognitive fusion, software-based fusion, and in-bore fusion biopsies. It discusses limitations and advantages of each method and concludes that while targeted biopsies improve cancer detection, mapping biopsies supplemented with targeted biopsies remain the standard for identifying clinically significant tumors.
Schwartz's principles of surgery absite and board review linkMohammad Ihmeidan
This book provides a comprehensive review of general surgery and surgical subspecialties for residents preparing for the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination and board certification. It covers the key topics in surgery in an outline format designed to test surgical knowledge and clinical decision making. The content is based on Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, a well-known textbook, and includes over 1,000 multiple choice questions to help surgical residents study for exams.
This document provides an overview of electrocardiography and the interpretation of electrocardiograms. It discusses the anatomy and electrical conduction system of the heart and defines the key components of the ECG including the P wave, QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave. It explains how ECGs are used to diagnose cardiac rhythm disorders, coronary artery disease, and other heart conditions. The document emphasizes that the ECG should be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical presentation and history.
This document discusses several types of male genital tract pathologies including seminoma, classic seminoma, embryonal carcinoma characterized by hemorrhage, yolk sac tumor containing Schiller-Duvall bodies, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma.
Radiological signs provide important diagnostic information for physicians. X-rays and other imaging tests allow doctors to see inside the body and examine bones, organs, and other tissues for abnormalities. Certain findings on scans and images can help confirm or rule out medical conditions and guide treatment decisions.
This document summarizes microbiology testing procedures for urine and genital samples. It describes how to culture urine samples to test for urinary tract infections and the most common bacteria seen, including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. It also explains how to culture samples to test for fungal infections like Candida species, and describes methods to differentiate bacterial and fungal species using specialized agars that cause color changes or morphological changes under microscopy. The document aims to provide an overview of basic microbiology laboratory procedures for identifying pathogens from urine and genital samples.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses several key concepts in demography and health, including:
1) It introduces population dynamics and the three factors that determine population change: births, deaths, and migration.
2) It discusses measures of fertility such as the crude birth rate, general fertility rate, and total fertility rate, and explains how to calculate these rates.
3) It introduces several measures of mortality like the crude death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality ratio, and provides examples of rates in different countries.
The document discusses different aspects of electrocardiography (ECG) including ECG leads, limb leads, chest leads, timing measurements, and calculations. It explains that ECG leads allow viewing the heart from different angles and each lead has a positive and negative pole. Limb leads measure electrical activity in the vertical plane while chest leads measure activity in the horizontal plane. Timing measurements include heart rate, P wave, PR interval, QRS duration, ST segment, and T wave. Calculations can determine cardiac axis and identify conditions like right axis deviation or left axis deviation.
Routine screening for inborn errors of metabolism in children with global developmental delay has a low yield of about 1% but may increase to 5% in certain situations or 14% with stepwise screening. Cytogenetic studies have a yield of 3.7% for identifying abnormalities. Fragile X testing has a yield of 2.6% overall but is higher in males. Rett syndrome should be considered in females with unexplained moderate to severe delays, though evidence for testing in milder or male cases is limited. Subtelomeric rearrangement testing has a 6.6% yield in children with unexplained moderate to severe delays. Lead and thyroid screening may be considered for targeted populations.
This document provides a summary of key findings that may be seen on chest x-rays. It begins with examples of normal chest x-rays and describes the basic knowledge needed to interpret x-rays. It then discusses specific lung diseases and findings, including pleural diseases, pneumothorax, tuberculosis, pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, COPD, sarcoidosis, and pericardial effusion. Each section provides examples of chest x-rays demonstrating the relevant findings. The document is intended as a study aid for medical exams.
The kidneys filter waste from the bloodstream and regulate water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. They remove urea and other waste through urine while producing hormones like erythropoietin and renin. The kidneys contain nephrons which filter blood in the glomerulus and reabsorb nutrients in the tubules. Urine is transported by the ureters to the bladder, then exits through the urethra. The urinary system develops from intermediate mesoderm through pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros stages, with the metanephros becoming the adult kidneys.
This document discusses multiparametric MRI and its use in guiding prostate biopsies. It provides information on anatomic, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and how they help visualize prostate tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. It then describes different approaches to targeted prostate biopsies using MRI information, including cognitive fusion, software-based fusion, and in-bore fusion biopsies. It discusses limitations and advantages of each method and concludes that while targeted biopsies improve cancer detection, mapping biopsies supplemented with targeted biopsies remain the standard for identifying clinically significant tumors.
Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of adult solid malignancies in the US, with over 51,000 new cases and 12,900 deaths annually. It arises from renal tubular epithelium and includes several subtypes associated with different genetic mutations and prognoses. Surgery is the main treatment for localized disease, while advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma has a poor prognosis despite newer targeted therapies and immunotherapies that have improved outcomes.
The major components of the male reproductive system are the testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, and ejaculatory duct on each side. The scrotum contains the testes and is divided into two compartments. The testes develop in the abdomen and descend into the scrotum before birth. Within the testes are seminiferous tubules that produce sperm. The epididymis is a coiled duct that courses along the testes where sperm mature. Blood flows into the testes via the testicular artery and drains via the testicular veins. The penis contains three cylinders of erectile tissue and transmits semen and urine.
This document provides information about testicular tumors including presentation, risk factors, classification, staging, and treatment. It begins with an introduction stating that testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in males aged 15-35. It then discusses signs and symptoms, risk factors such as cryptorchidism and family history, tumor markers, patterns of spread, staging classifications, and treatment options based on stage for both seminomas and non-seminomas. Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, lymph node dissection, and surveillance depending on tumor type and stage. Prognosis has improved significantly over time with overall 5-year survival rates now over 95% due to advances in diagnosis and treatment.
This document summarizes key points about vesicoureteral reflux (VUR):
- VUR is retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract and is more common in females under 5 years old. It can be primary due to UVJ deficiency or secondary to bladder issues.
- VUR is graded I-V based on VCUG findings. Low grade (I-III) often resolves spontaneously while high grade (IV-V) is less likely to without intervention. Treatment involves watchful waiting with antibiotics or surgical correction.
- Surgical correction aims to lengthen the UVJ tunnel to satisfy a 5:1 ratio using various techniques. Endoscopic injection
Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most common renal tumor of childhood. It has an annual incidence of 7.6 cases per million children under 15 years old. Treatment involves surgery to remove the tumor along with chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy in a multimodal approach. The goal is to remove the tumor bulk surgically while using chemotherapy to eliminate any micrometastases in order to cure the cancer. Protocols vary depending on factors like age, tumor stage and histology, but generally include either surgery followed by chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery, with excellent long-term survival rates with modern therapies.
Bladder injuries can occur from trauma or medical procedures and range from extraperitoneal to intraperitoneal. Extraperitoneal injuries make up 70% of cases and are often associated with pelvic fractures, while intraperitoneal injuries expose the bladder more directly. Clinical signs include hematuria, pelvic pain, and inability to catheterize. Diagnosis involves cystography to detect contrast leakage. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the injury, with uncomplicated extraperitoneal injuries often managed conservatively with catheter drainage and complicated or intraperitoneal injuries typically requiring surgical repair.
This document discusses urethral trauma, including classification, etiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and principles of management. It separates discussions of posterior and anterior urethral injuries. For posterior injuries, immediate suprapubic cystostomy is standard, while delayed reconstruction is typically done via open posterior urethroplasty after 3 months. Anterior injuries may be treated with catheter diversion or primary realignment, while anastomotic urethroplasty is preferred for obliterated bulbar urethras after several weeks.
The rigid cystoscope and its accessories are described. Key components include the cystoscope sheath, bridges, obturators, and telescopes. The cystoscope sheath comes in different sizes measured in French and is used to intoduce the rigid cystoscope into the bladder. Bridges connect the sheath to the telescope and may have one or two accessory channels. Obturators are specific to each sheath size and make the tip smooth for insertion. Telescopes have different viewing angles and are classified by this. The document outlines the parts and uses of these rigid cystoscope components.
Urinary stones are the third most common problem of the urinary tract. Stone formation is a complex process that depends on the interaction of urinary concentration of ions, pH, flow rate, and inhibitors. Crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, and adherence to the epithelium are required steps. Urine must be supersaturated for stones to form, but supersaturation alone is insufficient due to urinary inhibitors like citrate, magnesium, and glycoproteins. Common calcium stones may originate from subepithelial plaques that serve as anchors for stone growth.
Post-obstructive diuresis occurs after relief of a urinary tract obstruction, where large amounts of salt, water, and urea are excreted in the urine. It is caused by accumulation of fluids and solutes during obstruction and impairment of tubular reabsorption capabilities. Risk factors include edema and azotemia. The pathophysiology involves derangements in urinary concentrating ability due to disrupted aquaporin channels and sodium transport, as well as insensitivity to ADH. Treatment focuses on complete relief of obstruction, fluid replacement, electrolyte correction, and monitoring.
The kidney has several important functions including regulating blood pressure, fluid balance, and blood pH. The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood to form urine. Each nephron contains a glomerulus for blood filtration and tubules (proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct) for reabsorption and secretion. Filtration occurs due to blood pressure gradients, with most filtrate reabsorbed along the nephron. The kidneys also produce hormones like renin, prostaglandins, and erythropoietin to help regulate blood pressure, red blood cell production, and other processes.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction caused by the sudden release of mast cell and basophil mediators. It can be triggered by IgE-mediated or non-IgE mediated mechanisms. Common triggers include medications like antibiotics and contrast dyes, as well as stings, foods and latex. Symptoms affect multiple organ systems like the skin, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Treatment involves stopping the trigger, supportive care, and medications like epinephrine, antihistamines and corticosteroids. Patients require monitoring for 24 hours due to risk of recurrence or delayed reactions.
ABSITE Review: Practice Questions, Second Edition 2nd edition by FIser, Mohammad Ihmeidan
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to increase gray matter volume in the brain and reduce risks for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and dementia.